US3548603A - Braced frame bulkhead - Google Patents

Braced frame bulkhead Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3548603A
US3548603A US745807A US3548603DA US3548603A US 3548603 A US3548603 A US 3548603A US 745807 A US745807 A US 745807A US 3548603D A US3548603D A US 3548603DA US 3548603 A US3548603 A US 3548603A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
piles
bulkhead
seaward
landward
braced frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US745807A
Inventor
Robert J Spinna
James D Brierley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manhattan College
Original Assignee
Manhattan College
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Manhattan College filed Critical Manhattan College
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3548603A publication Critical patent/US3548603A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours

Definitions

  • a bulkhead is here taught which has a plurality of piles arranged in seaward and landward rows. Paired seaward and landward piles are connected to form frames. This design is adaptable to many construction materials and it is particularly well suited to welding or reinforced concrete because moment resistance can be developed conveniently at upper ends of the piles.
  • BACKGROUND Bulkheads for shore protection are usually supported from a single row of piles.
  • the piles are held laterally in place by an anchorage system which includes cables connecting the row of piles to anchor piles positioned on the landward side of the bulkhead.
  • This conventional arrangement is relatively expensive and the anchorage system becomes an obstruction under the property being protected thereby detracting from its value.
  • the crux of the present invention is to provide a bulkhead with seaward and landward rows of piles as well as to connect upper ends of paired seaward and landward piles to form frames.
  • One advantage of this invention is t0 eliminate conventional anchorage systems thereby avoiding obstructions under the property to be protected and consequently enhancing the value of that property.
  • Another advantage is low capital cost of this bulkhead.
  • Another advantage is to provide a bulkhead which is simple and easy to install with ordinary materials and construction tools.
  • Another advantage is the ability to facilitate maintenance of this bulkhead even in a corrosive environment and in the presence of marine organisms.
  • Another advantage is to offer a bulkhead which is capable of absorbing severe impact loads and which is otherwise well suited to its intended maritime functions.
  • FIG. l is a sectional elevation view of a bulkhead according to a preferred steel embodiment of the invention with precast and prestressed concrete planks serving as sheeting.
  • FIG. Il is a fragmented plan -view showing a typical bay of the steel embodiment.
  • FIG. III is an enlarged detail View of the upper angle and tie-rod arrangement of FIG. l.
  • FIG. IV is a sectional elevation View of a bulkhead according to a timber embodiment.
  • FIG. V is a fragmented plan View showing a typical bay of the timber embodiment.
  • FIG. VI is an enlarged detail view of a framing clip used in the timber embodiment.
  • FIG. VIl is an enlarged typical detail of the tie-rod connection used in FIG. V.
  • piles are arranged in seaward 4 and landward 6 rows.
  • the piles may be of steel (or some other suitable metal) reinforced concrete or timber. Structural steel is very suitable for this application because it can be welded to provide moment resisting joints at upper ends 7; however, it should be understood that upper ends 7 can be joined by riveted or bolted connections.
  • the piles penetrate mud 8 and are xedly embedded into firm soil 9.
  • the piles are first jetted into firm soil 9 to a depth not less than two feet from their penetration depth 11 and are then driven to penetration depth 11 so that they develop Xed-end connections and lateral passive resistance.
  • a wall of sheeting 12 is connected to seaward piles 4 and may be made of wood 13 (as shown in FIG. IV), precast and prestressed concrete planks 14 (as shown in FIG. I) or some other suitable material.
  • the sheeting is connected to seaward piles 4 by means of well-known construction details.
  • FIG. IV it should be noted that the timber embodiment has wales 16 which are protected by channel members 17.
  • FIGS. I through III The steel embodiment of FIGS. I through III are framed with upper members 18 and lower members 19 all Welded to both seaward 4 and landward 6 piles to form a frame which transmits moments between the seaward and landward piles. Tie rods 21 with turnbuckles 22 are also provided. Horizontal lacing 23 (as best seen in FIG. II) are likewise welded to alternate seaward 4 and landward 6 piles across alternate bays. Tie rods are connected (as shown in FIG. III) on bolts 24 between paired lower 19 (or upper 18) members by means of bolt heads 26 and nuts 27 screwably engaging bolt 24.
  • upper 18 and lower 19 framing members are connected to seaward ⁇ 4 and landward 6 piles by means of stay bolts 28, clips 29 and lag screws 31.
  • tie rods 21 are connected about bolt 24 with bolt head 26 and nut 27 holding it thereon. Washers are also provided.
  • a bulkhead for retaining ground adjacent a body of water comprising:
  • each of the piles having its lower end embedded in the ground sufiiciently to give a fixed-end moment and lateral passive resistance thereto;
  • framing means connecting upper ends of at least one pile pair, which includes a seaward and a landward pile, to give a Xed-end moment to each of said upper ends whereby both piles of said pair are subjected to a reverse curvature to improve the lateral load-bearing capacity of the bulkhead;
  • the framing means oriented substantially normal to the shoreline.
  • a method for building a bulkhead at a shoreline on a relatively firm soil overlain with an unreliable soil comprising the steps of providing a plurality of piles arranged in seaward and landward rows spaced from each other; jetting the piles into the firm soil to a depth not less than two feet from a predetermined penetration depth; driving the piles to the penetration depth to assure giving fixed-end moments and lateral passive resistances thereto; connecting framing means to upper ends of at least one pile pair, which includes a seaward and a land- Ward pile, to give a fixed-end moment to each of said upper ends whereby both piles of said pair are subjected to a reverse curvature to improve the lateral load-bearing capacity of the bulkhead; mounting sheeting from the seaward row of piles.

Description

Dec. 22, 1970 R. J. sPlNNA ETAI- 3,49%@
BRACED FRAME BULKHEAD Filed July 18,- 1968 2 sheetssheet 1 /7 ZZ o l NV [SN'] ORS @BER T J. SPM/NA JAMES D BRIE/QL E Y Dec; 22.1970 ,SPINNA am l 3,548,603
I BRACED FRAME BULKHED Filed Jul'y la, 196e.`
2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I *M [lli y" INV/iN'loRs ROBERT d. sP/A/A/A .JAMES D. BR/ERLEY United States Patent O 3,548,603 BRACED FRAME BULKHEAD Robert J. Spinna, Crestwood, and `lamesy D. Brierley, Seaford, N .Y., assignors of one-third to Manhattan College,
Bronx, N.Y., an educational institution Filed July 18, 1968, Ser. No. 745,807 Int. Cl. E02b 3/ 06 U.S. Cl. 61-49 6 Claims ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A bulkhead is here taught which has a plurality of piles arranged in seaward and landward rows. Paired seaward and landward piles are connected to form frames. This design is adaptable to many construction materials and it is particularly well suited to welding or reinforced concrete because moment resistance can be developed conveniently at upper ends of the piles.
BACKGROUND Bulkheads for shore protection are usually supported from a single row of piles. The piles are held laterally in place by an anchorage system which includes cables connecting the row of piles to anchor piles positioned on the landward side of the bulkhead. This conventional arrangement is relatively expensive and the anchorage system becomes an obstruction under the property being protected thereby detracting from its value.
SUMMARY The crux of the present invention is to provide a bulkhead with seaward and landward rows of piles as well as to connect upper ends of paired seaward and landward piles to form frames.
One advantage of this invention is t0 eliminate conventional anchorage systems thereby avoiding obstructions under the property to be protected and consequently enhancing the value of that property.
Another advantage is low capital cost of this bulkhead.
Another advantage is to provide a bulkhead which is simple and easy to install with ordinary materials and construction tools.
Another advantage is the ability to facilitate maintenance of this bulkhead even in a corrosive environment and in the presence of marine organisms.
Another advantage is to offer a bulkhead which is capable of absorbing severe impact loads and which is otherwise well suited to its intended maritime functions.
DRAWINGS The foregoing and other advantages will appear more fully from the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. l is a sectional elevation view of a bulkhead according to a preferred steel embodiment of the invention with precast and prestressed concrete planks serving as sheeting.
FIG. Il is a fragmented plan -view showing a typical bay of the steel embodiment.
FIG. III is an enlarged detail View of the upper angle and tie-rod arrangement of FIG. l.
FIG. IV is a sectional elevation View of a bulkhead according to a timber embodiment.
FIG. V is a fragmented plan View showing a typical bay of the timber embodiment.
FIG. VI is an enlarged detail view of a framing clip used in the timber embodiment.
FIG. VIl is an enlarged typical detail of the tie-rod connection used in FIG. V.
ICC
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As best seen from FIGS. I and IV, bulkhead 1 protects land 2 from a, body of water 3. According to this invention, piles are arranged in seaward 4 and landward 6 rows. The piles may be of steel (or some other suitable metal) reinforced concrete or timber. Structural steel is very suitable for this application because it can be welded to provide moment resisting joints at upper ends 7; however, it should be understood that upper ends 7 can be joined by riveted or bolted connections. The piles penetrate mud 8 and are xedly embedded into firm soil 9. In the case of timber construction (see FIG. IV) the piles are first jetted into firm soil 9 to a depth not less than two feet from their penetration depth 11 and are then driven to penetration depth 11 so that they develop Xed-end connections and lateral passive resistance.
A wall of sheeting 12 is connected to seaward piles 4 and may be made of wood 13 (as shown in FIG. IV), precast and prestressed concrete planks 14 (as shown in FIG. I) or some other suitable material. The sheeting is connected to seaward piles 4 by means of well-known construction details. In FIG. IV it should be noted that the timber embodiment has wales 16 which are protected by channel members 17.
The steel embodiment of FIGS. I through III are framed with upper members 18 and lower members 19 all Welded to both seaward 4 and landward 6 piles to form a frame which transmits moments between the seaward and landward piles. Tie rods 21 with turnbuckles 22 are also provided. Horizontal lacing 23 (as best seen in FIG. II) are likewise welded to alternate seaward 4 and landward 6 piles across alternate bays. Tie rods are connected (as shown in FIG. III) on bolts 24 between paired lower 19 (or upper 18) members by means of bolt heads 26 and nuts 27 screwably engaging bolt 24.
In the timber embodiment of FIGS. lV through VII inclusive, upper 18 and lower 19 framing members are connected to seaward `4 and landward 6 piles by means of stay bolts 28, clips 29 and lag screws 31. As best seen in FIG. VII, tie rods 21 are connected about bolt 24 with bolt head 26 and nut 27 holding it thereon. Washers are also provided.
In backlling against sheeting 12, it has been found that filling gradually from the sheeting landward minimizes crowding of the sheeting.
It will be apparent to those skilled in soil mechanics, foundations and/ or structural design that wide deviations may be made from the shown embodiments without departing from the main theme of invention set forth in the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A bulkhead for retaining ground adjacent a body of water and comprising:
a plurality of piles arranged in seaward and landward rows spaced from each other;
each of the piles having its lower end embedded in the ground sufiiciently to give a fixed-end moment and lateral passive resistance thereto;
framing means connecting upper ends of at least one pile pair, which includes a seaward and a landward pile, to give a Xed-end moment to each of said upper ends whereby both piles of said pair are subjected to a reverse curvature to improve the lateral load-bearing capacity of the bulkhead;
sheeting depending from the seaward row of piles.
2. The bulkhead of claim 1 with the framing means connected rigidly to both the piles of the pair.
3. The bulkhead of claim 2 with the rows of piles arranged along a shoreline,
the framing means oriented substantially normal to the shoreline.
4. A method for building a bulkhead at a shoreline on a relatively firm soil overlain with an unreliable soil and comprising the steps of providing a plurality of piles arranged in seaward and landward rows spaced from each other; jetting the piles into the firm soil to a depth not less than two feet from a predetermined penetration depth; driving the piles to the penetration depth to assure giving fixed-end moments and lateral passive resistances thereto; connecting framing means to upper ends of at least one pile pair, which includes a seaward and a land- Ward pile, to give a fixed-end moment to each of said upper ends whereby both piles of said pair are subjected to a reverse curvature to improve the lateral load-bearing capacity of the bulkhead; mounting sheeting from the seaward row of piles.
5. The method of claim 4 and connecting said framing means rigidly to both the piles of the pair.
6. The method 0f claim S with the piles and sheeting extending above the unreliable material, backlling gradually from the sheeting.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 757,368 4/1904 Truax 6 l-53.74 982,697 1/1911 Upson 61-49 1,633,131 6/1927 Schoen 6l-49X 1,693,311 11/1928 Miller et al. 61-49 1,947,151 2/1934 Caples 6l-49X 5 JACOB SHAPIRO, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 61--3
US745807A 1968-07-18 1968-07-18 Braced frame bulkhead Expired - Lifetime US3548603A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74580768A 1968-07-18 1968-07-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3548603A true US3548603A (en) 1970-12-22

Family

ID=24998332

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US745807A Expired - Lifetime US3548603A (en) 1968-07-18 1968-07-18 Braced frame bulkhead

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3548603A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4674921A (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-06-23 Berger Lawrence E Seawall
US4690588A (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-09-01 C-Lock Retention Systems, Inc. Seawall
US4728225A (en) * 1985-02-11 1988-03-01 Schnabel Foundation Company Method of rehabilitating a waterfront bulkhead

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US757368A (en) * 1904-01-02 1904-04-12 John Truax Construction of bulkheads.
US982697A (en) * 1909-08-18 1911-01-24 Raymond Concrete Pile Co Bulkhead.
US1633131A (en) * 1924-09-09 1927-06-21 Schoen Karl Knockdown cofferdam
US1693311A (en) * 1925-11-30 1928-11-27 Robert M Miller Sea wall and method of making same
US1947151A (en) * 1932-12-27 1934-02-13 William G Caples Sheet-metal-piling wall structure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US757368A (en) * 1904-01-02 1904-04-12 John Truax Construction of bulkheads.
US982697A (en) * 1909-08-18 1911-01-24 Raymond Concrete Pile Co Bulkhead.
US1633131A (en) * 1924-09-09 1927-06-21 Schoen Karl Knockdown cofferdam
US1693311A (en) * 1925-11-30 1928-11-27 Robert M Miller Sea wall and method of making same
US1947151A (en) * 1932-12-27 1934-02-13 William G Caples Sheet-metal-piling wall structure

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4674921A (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-06-23 Berger Lawrence E Seawall
US4690588A (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-09-01 C-Lock Retention Systems, Inc. Seawall
US4728225A (en) * 1985-02-11 1988-03-01 Schnabel Foundation Company Method of rehabilitating a waterfront bulkhead

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5320455A (en) Geocell with facing panel
US20100239375A1 (en) Diaphragm/ sea retaining wall system
US3243963A (en) Method of reinforcing deep excavations
JP2007217952A (en) Pile type pier and method of reinforcing the same
US3548603A (en) Braced frame bulkhead
US3613382A (en) Sea wall construction
US1693311A (en) Sea wall and method of making same
US1858976A (en) Dike
JPS6157721A (en) Method of constructing underwater foundation of multipile jacket structure
JP7149919B2 (en) Improvement structure and improvement method of existing wharf
JPH056601B2 (en)
WO2011154799A2 (en) Pre-stressed concrete foundation for a marine building structure
US981822A (en) Concrete-piling retaining-wall structure.
US969706A (en) Sea-wall or wharf construction.
JPH09100540A (en) Man-made island ground and execution method thereof
CN1223733C (en) Multifunctional modular amphibious platform and its construction technology
JPH04302612A (en) Double sheet pile type cofferdam construction and plate anchor device for deformation inbition of fill-in sand
US2073545A (en) Marine structure
RU2794790C1 (en) Berth and method of its construction
JPH04228714A (en) Water area construction using member to be driven into water bottom ground
US2338110A (en) Graving dry dock and method of construction
Dismuke Retaining structures and excavations
JPH0132330B2 (en)
Chanda Design of Cofferdam in Layered Soil Strata
JP2515234Y2 (en) Steel pipe pile structure