US3492457A - Fuel heating element - Google Patents

Description

FUEL HEATING ELEMENT Filed Sept. 14, 19s? IGNITION FIG. 1. 16 -swrrcH ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,492,457 FUEL HEATING ELEMENT Frederick G. Subt, now by change of name Frederick George Subtle, 4104 Avenue G, Austin, Tex. 78751 Filed Sept. 14, 1967, Ser. No. 667,751 Int. Cl. Hb 3/20 US. Cl. 219-207 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention relates to a fuel heating element, and has particular reference to an improved heating element for placement between the carburetor and intake manifold.

A heating element which is so placed as to heat the fuel being fed to the carburetor has definite advantages for cold weather starting of engines and in preventing icing under wet conditions of the carburetor.

Also, preheating of the fuel mixture increases the vaporization of fuel droplets present and by accomplishing a more complete vaporization of the fuel under all conditions with the heating element of the present invention, a greater economy in gasoline usage is effected.

Furthermore, the design of the heating element of the present invention allows the intersection of the flow of fuel with minimum resistance to the flow, but at the same time creates a turbulence in the stream of flow which further assures proper and complete vaporization of fuel droplets present.

These as well as further advantages which are inherent in the invention will become apparent from the following description, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the connection and placement of the present invention in an internal combustion engine;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing details of one embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 3 and 4 are top plan views of second and third embodiments of the present invention.

Referring first to FIG. 1, there is shown in dashed outline an internal combustion engine 11 with carburetor 12, under air filter 13 and above the intake manifold 14 as usually found, for example, in an automobile. Located between carburetor 12 and intake manifold 14 is fuel heating element 20 fitted between the units using the usual gaskets for a tight fit and connecting to the electrical system of the vehicle within which the engine 11 is installed.

In order to facilitate the installation of fuel heating element 20 and its replacement when and if necessary, connection to the vehicle electrical system is made through a plug-in connector 15 having one lead 21 to a circuit through a variable resistance dashboard switch 16 and an ignition switch 17 connected to battery 18 which is normally grounded to the chassis. The other lead 22 from plug-in connector 15 is connected to a ground terminal.

One embodiment of fuel heating element is shown in a detailed perspective view in FIG. 2 in an enlarged form of the view in FIG. 1. A plate 23 which can be made of asbestos and may be approximately /1 inch in thickness contains center opening 24 which is crossed by a pair of intersecting electrical resistance wires, such as of Nichrome wire, heating coils 25 and 26. Each of coils 25 and 26 are connected to insulated copper wires 27 and 28 running along opposite edges of plate 23 by means of connecting wires passing within the asbestos plate 23. Insulated copper wires 27 and 28 pass to connector 15 through which these wires are connected to leads 21 and 22 respectively.

Plate 23, when made of asbestos, can be formed from two pieces of laminar asbestos, separated during manufacture while the wiring connections are placed between them, and then cemented or glued together.

Other materials besides asbestos can be used but the material should have certain qualities such as being an insulating material or wire connections therein must themselves be insulated. In addition the material should not be brittle so as to crack under tightening of bolts and nuts connecting carburetor and manifold. Also, the plate material should have sufiicient resistance to thermal shock so as not to crack from heat variations due to weather and use of the engine.

Coils 25 and 26 are electrical resistance wire such as Nichrome wire used for heating purposes since due to the coil effect, the length of the wire and the heat it contributes is greatly magnified without a corresponding increase in resistance to the flow of the fuel and air mixture from carburetor 12 to intake manifold 14.

An outline 29 of a gasket to be placed at the top of plate 23 for its tight fitting connection to carburetor 12 is shown. Similarly, such a gasket is placed below plate 23 to allow the close fit necessary for its connection with the intake manifold 14.

Heating coils 25 and 26 are positioned as shown in FIG. 2 so as to intersect the flow of fuel from the carburetor 12 to intake manifold 14, not only near the walls of opening 24 but in the center or across the path of the moving fuel mixture. In this way, by the intersection of the cross section of fluid flow, coils 25 and 26 are in contact with a greater amount of the fuel flowing past them and with a minimum amount of restriction of the flow.

Since the pipe walls of the intake manifold are usually quite hot, any liquid particles entrained in the fiow of fuel and passing near the walls will be vaporized by the heat from those walls. Therefore, it is the liquid particles in the main body of flow nearer the center of the opening 24 which also must be heated to the point of vaporization.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show different embodiments of the heating coil design from that of the embodiment of FIG. 2. In both embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4 there are plates 33 and 43 respectively having concentric coils 35, 36 and 45, 46 respectively. Coils 35 and 45 are located adjacent the walls of openings 34 and 44 respectively, while coils 36 and 46 form circular coils closer to and surrounding the center of openings 34 and 44 respectively. The coil structures of both the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4 are substantially similar except that coils 35 and 36 are in series connection and both wire ends from these coils exit on the same side of plate 33 from where they will be connected to connector 15. Coils 45 and 46 are in parallel connection with Wire ends exiting from plate 43 on opposite sides thereof in the manner of the embodiment in FIG. 2.

In the latter embodiments having concentric coils additional efiiciency of operation is introduced. The flow of fuel in the intakes of most combustion engines is in laminar flow which due to skin resistance from the pipes causes the layers closest to the pipe walls to travel slower and obtain the benefits of increased vaporization from contact with the heated walls while preventing absorption to the degree for best efliciency by the layers of fuel flowing closer to the center of the pipe. As a result, vaporization occurs near the pipe walls while droplets in the main stream closer to its center may or may not be vaporized. With the concentric coils of the present invention outer coil 35 or 45 not only increases the overall heating effect but also because of its design and posi tion creates a turbulence which disturbs the smooth 1aminar flow of fuel. This is extremely necessary to assure vaporization of the fuel droplets and is done without creating a substantial resistance to cut down the rate of flow. At the same time inner coil 36 or 46 provides the heating effect closer to the center of the flow where additional heating for vaporization is required.

The heating element of the present invention has been described in the one environment as located between carburetor and manifold but need not be limited to such use. The heating element may also be used with appropriate modification for the improvement of heating when placed in the path of any fluid flow wherein the eifects of laminar flow detrimental to thorough overall heating must be overcome.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown in the drawings and described in the specification.

What is claimed is:

1. A heating unit for heating of a flowing fuel mixture comprising a supporting plate having an opening therethrough through which the fuel mixture is caused to flow, heating coils positioned within said opening in the form of at least two concentrically placed portions located substantially in a single plane with said supporting plate and with one of said concentrically placed portions forming a substantially circular ring around the center axis of said opening and a second of said concentrically placed portions forming a substantially circular ring adjacent and within the periphery of said opening, an electrical supply means connected to said heating coils. 2. The heating unit of claim 1, further characterized y said at least two concentrically placed portions of said heating coils connected in series with each other. 3. The heating unit of claim 1, further characterized y said at least two concentrically placed portions of said heating coils connected in parallel with each other. 4. The heating unit of claim 1, further characterized said supporting plate formed of asbestos.

5. The heating unit of claim 1, further characterized by a plug type connector electrically connecting said heating coils to said electrical supply means.

6. The heating unit of claim 1, further characterized by a variable resistance switch connected between said heating coils and said electrical supply means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS ANTHONY BARTIS, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.

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