US3490584A - Method and apparatus for high frequency screening of materials - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for high frequency screening of materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3490584A US3490584A US484066A US3490584DA US3490584A US 3490584 A US3490584 A US 3490584A US 484066 A US484066 A US 484066A US 3490584D A US3490584D A US 3490584DA US 3490584 A US3490584 A US 3490584A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- high frequency
- screening
- screen
- vibratory
- screening element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
- B07B1/34—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens jigging or moving to-and-fro perpendicularly or approximately perpendiculary to the plane of the screen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B2230/00—Specific aspects relating to the whole B07B subclass
- B07B2230/04—The screen or the screened materials being subjected to ultrasonic vibration
Definitions
- a high frequency vibration is applied to the suspension or emul- Sion so as to cause cavitation within the suspension or emulsion.
- the direction of vibration is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the screen, and the area of the output surface of the high frequency vibratory means is generally coextensive lwith the screen.
- the flow of the particulate matter or emulsion is further enhanced by simultaneously vibrating the screen.
- This invention relates to a method and apparatus for screening materials, and more particularly to an improved method and apparatus for processing a liquid suspension of particulate matter or an emulsion through a screening element in which high frequency vibratory energy is employed for enhancing the screening action.
- the screening elements are mounted in supporting structures and vibratory energy is imparted thereto by vibrating either the structures or imparting the vibratory energy directly to the screening element.
- a screen is usually tightly drawn and firmly secured to the screening element and the screen may be vibrated by coupling the vibratory energy directly thereto.
- a serious diculty is encountered in that various gaps or dead zones are formed on the screening surface where no screening action occurs when the vibratory energy is imparted to the screen in any of the above mentioned Ways. It is also wasteful from the aspect of energy-economy, to first induce vibration of either the screening element or supporting structure, in order to impart vibrations to the materials being processed.
- the prior art also discloses the application of ultrasonic energy to sieving of suspensions in fluids.
- said prior art discloses nothing more than the insertion of an ultrasonic probe in a tank containing a fluid with suspensions. Itis a further sophistication of this concept to which applicants invention is directed.
- Another object of this invention is that of providing Nice improved methods and apparatus of screening, through the use of high frequency vibrations, and wherein said vibrations are imparted directly to the material bein screened.
- Another object of this invention is to provide improved screening methods and apparatus, through the use of high frequency cavitational energy and wherein said vibrations are imparted directly to the material and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of a screening element.
- Another object of this invention is to provide novel screening methods and apparatus wherein vibratory forces are applied simultaneously to the screening element and material to further enhance the flow of the material through the screen.
- This method takes advantage of the effects of high frequency waves when introduced on suspended particles in a solution.
- the pressure of radiation sets the particles in motion.
- the mobilities of the particles depend on their sizes and on the viscosity Vof the fluid, as well as the acoustic intensity.
- the first advantage of applying high frequency energy is the effect of reducing the Viscosity of the material being screened.
- phase relationships are random, for sound, the motions have a definite space phase aspect as exemplified bythe wave lengths of the various sonic or ultrasonic frequencies present.
- the second advantage of applying high frequency cavitational energy is that such energy imparts a type of pumping action to the material being screened.
- This pumping effect is related to the amplitude of vibration of the vibrator working face, the spacing between said face and the screening surface as well as the material composition and mesh size of the screen.
- the high frequency vibrator is designed so that its entire working face attains a plane wave front, that is, in phase vibrations of uniform amplitude, over the entire area of the working face or output surface of the vibrator.
- These high frequency in phase vibrations recurring in the order of 1,000 to 100,000 cycles per second act upon the material being processed to induce a pumping action in the column of material disposed between the screen surface and the vibrator output surface.
- This high frequency pumping effect occurs simultaneously with the above referred to change in the material viscosity to substantially increase the flow of the processed material through the screening element.
- the term high frequency vibrations or forces in the present invention is intended to include vibrations starting from approximately 1,000 cycles per second.
- the third advantage of applying high frequency cavitational energy is that such energy insures a more uniform dispersion of the particles within the liquid or a more uniform dispersion of one liquid within another liquid. This dispersive effect of high frequency cavitational energy is what is relied upon for the success of ultrasonic cleaners.
- the area of the output surface is substantially coextensive with the area of the screening element.
- the method and apparatus of one embodiment of this invention embraces the use of a vibrator or transducer which is vibrated at a high frequency in the order of 1,000 to 100,000 cycles per second, and which is mounted to present its vibrator ⁇ Working face in spaced relationship to one surface of the screening element and may be so maintained by any suitable mounting arrangement.
- the close proximity to which the vibrating working face of the vibrator is positioned with respect to the adjacent surface of the filtering screen produces cavitation of a limited column of the material being screened, ⁇ covering an area directly under and immediately adjacent to the vibrating working face ofthe vibrator.'
- the vibration applied to the material is also partially transmitted to the screen and the beneficial effects thereof are also incorporated into the present invention.
- Means are additionally provided for both supplying the material being processed onto the screening element to maintain a layer thereof in between the working face and screening surface as well as maintaining relative movement between the vibratory Working face and screen element valong a path substantially normal thereof so that progressive areas of the screening surface are exposed through a sweeping movement to the cavitational action. As a result of this relative movement a fresh supply of the composition to be screened is continuously subjected to the high frequency forces.
- FIG. 1 is an end elevational view, partly broken away and in section, of the high frequency screening apparatus embodying this invention
- FIG. 2 is a front elevational view, partly broken away and in section;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating a modification of the high frequency screening apparatus of FIG. 1 and 2;
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to that of FIG 3 but illustrating a further embodiment of the invention.
- a high frequency screening machine embodying the present invention and there generally identitied by the reference numeral 10 may include an upwardly opening housing 11 having a partition 12 extending horizontally thereacross at the upper portion of said housing so as to provide a ange 13 for the support of the U-shaped overhead frame 14 which rests upon said ange.
- the housing further includes a bottom wall 15 thereby creating a compartment 16 for the positioning of the equipment which will be hereinafter described in detail.
- a screening element 19 containing a screen 20 extending horizontally thereacross which may be constructed of metallic bres or other material, is disposed through an opening 22 in partition 12 and has a sur-face 21 adapted to have the material 18 deposited thereon.
- the vibrator assembly 30 is supported vertically above screen member 20 lby a mounting plate 28 which is rigidly fixed thereto and is secured to the overhead frame 14 by bolts 29.
- the vibrator assembly 30 may be any one of a number of electro-mechanical types, such as, electro-dynamic, piezo-electric or magnetostrictive, however, for purposes of discussing the present invention, Iwe have selected a vibrator assembly of the magnetostrictive type.
- the vibrator assembly 30 is vertically disposed, watercooled magnetostrictive transducer, which is of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. Re. 25,033 issued Aug. 29, 1961, to Lewis Balamuth and Arthur Kuris.
- the vi'brator assembly 30 dagramatically shown, generally includes a transducer driver unit 33 and an acoustic impedance transformer 34.
- the transducer 33 may comprise a stock of laminations of magnetstrictive materials, for example, nickel, and a diagrammatically illustrated winding 35 adapted to carry a biased, high frequency alternating energizing current.
- the lower ends of the laminations making up the stack of the transducer 433 are iixedly secured, as by welding or soldering, to
- the transformer 34 has an enlarged section 36 intermediate its ends in the general area of a nodal plane of motion, and this section 36 constitutes a flange secured, as by bolts 38, to a casing or enclosure 39 for the transducer 33 and the upper portion of the transformer 34.
- An inlet hose 40 and an outlet hose 41 are connected to the enclosure or casing 39 for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably water, through the enclosure, to remove heat generated in the transducer 33 during operation of the device.
- a biased, high frequency alternating current is supplied to winding 35 through conductors enclosed in a exible conduit 42 extending from a suitable oscillation generator 37 which may be of the type disclosed at page 270 of Ultrasonic Engineering by Alan E. Crawford, published 1955 iby Butterworths Scientific Publications, London.
- An oscillation generator of this type is effective to supply a biased alternating current to the winding 35 at a resonant frequency of the transducer 33 and is further effective to vary the frequency of the supplied biased, alternating current when the resonant frequency of the transducer is varied due to changes in temperature, or changes in the loading thereof.
- transformer 34 is preferably provided with a depending threaded projection 43 which is coupled to a similar threaded projection 44 at the upper end of a vibration transmitting member 31 'by means of an internally threaded coupling sleeve or nut 45.
- a thin disk 46 of copper or other deformable metal is preferably interposed between the smooth iiat end surfaces of the projections 43 and 44 so that, when sleeve or nut 45 draws projections 43 and 44 axially toward each other, disk 46 ensures uninterrupted metallic contact between transformer 34 and vibration transmitting member 31 over the substantial cross sectional area of projections 43 and 44, whereby, the transmission of vibrations from transformer 34 to vibration transmitting member 31 is enhanced.
- vibrations When transducer 33 is operated, by electrical oscillations supplied from generator 37, compressional waves are generated in the stack of laminations thereof, the transformer 34 and transmission member 31, so as to cause vibrational movements in the vertical direction, that is, along the longitudinal axis of the vibrator assembly 30.
- vibrations preferably have a frequency in the range between approximately 1,000 cycles per second and 100,- 000 cycles per second, but preferably from 10,000 to 30,000 cycles per second, and are of sizable amplitude, for example, in the range between approximately .0001 and .l0 inch.
- the overall length of the stack of magnetostrictive laminations 33, the transformer 34, and the vibratory member 31 is selected so that, at the frequency of the electrical oscillations supplied to winding 35 of the transducer, a loop of longitudinal motion of the generated compressional waves occurs at or near the output surface or working face 32 of transmission member 31.
- the overall length of the transducer 33, transformer 34 and transmission member 31 is approximately equal to an integral number of one-half 'wavelengths of the sound waves generated in the particular materials they are comprised of.
- the vibratory member 31 is held stationary and has acoustical or high lfrequency vibratory energy imparted thereto by the transmission of a wave motion through transformer 34, while its output surface or working face 32 is positioned in spaced relationship to the upper surface 21 of screen 20.
- the screening element 19 consists of a rim or cylindrical section 23 which merges into a frusto-conical surface portion 24 and which terminates in a cylindrical neck portion 25.
- the screen 20 is disposed across the cylindrical section 23 and secured thereto by any suitable means.
- the screening element 19 is mounted in a manner to permit rotation by any suitable means about its vertical axis. As shown in FIG. 1, it is rotated during operation of the screening process by drive means consisting of an electric motor 50 mounted in compartment 16 on a shelf 51 and driving a variable speed drive 52 which in turn drives a bevel gear 53 meshing with a bevel gear 54 mounted on the neck portion 25 of screening element 19. As the screening element 19 is rotated, the cylindrical portion 23 of said element is supported so that the output surface 32 of the vibratory member 31 is maintained in spaced relationship with the screen surface 21, for example, by means of a exible sealing ring 26 engaging the 6 surface of rim 23 and being mounted in a counterbore 27 which is provided in the partition 12.
- the neck portion 2S terminates into a flexible coupling 55 that permits the screened material 18 to pass therethrough while a fluid tight seal is maintained,
- the screened material 18 then enters the pump S6 by means of pipe 57 which connects the coupling 55 to the latter and is pumped out of the screening machine 10 through pipe 58 to either a storage tank or for immediate use in the process in which the screened material 18 is to be utilized. Since the screened material flows continuously from the screening machine 10, the supply of material 18 to be screened must be continuously replenished as through a pipe 59 which is joined through pipe fitting 60 into an inlet pipe 61 which is joined to the latter. Thus, a fresh supply of screening material 18 is continuously supplied to the upper surface 21 of screen 20.
- the method and apparatus of this invention can be advantageously and effectively employed in the screening of a wide range of materials with various viscosities and through a variety of screen mesh sizes.
- the vibrating or energy transmitting output surface 32 of the member 31 is placed substantially parallel to the surface 21 of screen 20.
- a gap is maintained to permit the fresh supply of materials 18 to be screened to liow in between said vibrator surface 32 and the screen 20.
- the material to be screened is caused to iiow onto the screen 20 and a layer of said material 18 is maintained so as to be in Contact with the output surface 32 at all times.
- the vibrating face 32 is in direct contact with the material 18, alternate positive and negative pressure fronts are created which travel from the surface 32 through the material 18 and onto the screen 20.
- a major portion of the vibratory energy is consumed in the material being screened and the remainder imparted to the screen causing it to vibrate so that the passage of the material through the screening element is facilitated.
- variable pressure fronts emitted by the output surface 32 of member 31 cause. a cavitational effect to take place in the material 18 which acts upon the molecules of said material causing increased molecular movement. The effect of this movement is to increase the flowability of the material due to an increase in the. viscosity of the material.
- the column of the material 18 is subjected to intense cavitation in the area below the vibratory surface 32.
- the in-phase vibrations act as a high frequency pump which forces the material through the maximum screen 20.
- the gap or spacing between the output surface 32 and screen surface 21 is important and should be controlled. It has been found that generally for a distance of between approximately .04 inch to .40 inch at 20,000 cycles per second and for screens ranging in size between 120 and 270 mesh, desirable results are obtained. It can be appreciated that the dimensional spacing will varywith the material, screen mesh size and flow rate required. Thus, for very viscous materials spacings less than .10 inch might be very desirable.
- a clay base material used in the making of paper was processed through a standard size No. 270 mesh screen.
- the vibratoryworking face was vibrated at 20,000 cycles per second and spaced .062 inch from the screen surface.
- the rate of material passage through the screen was increased approximately percent as compared to when no vibration was used at all.
- the screening element 19 is caused to rotate, as previously described, by means of electric motor 50 and the associated linkages. Alternate methods may be utilized and are within the scope of the present invention, for example, to obtain the desired relative mtion between the. screening element 19 and the blade like vibratory member 31, a rotary transducer may be used instead. This eliminates the need to rotate the screening element since the rotary transducer is actually a combination of a standard type rotary motor similar to motor 50 and the high frequency motor 30. In this manner the driving mechanism for rotating the screening element can be eliminated.
- the vibratory tool and the screening element are each maintained in a fixed location to each other.
- This design is utilized when the surface area of the vibrator working face is substantially the same as that of screening surface.
- the high frequency screening machine is generally similar to the previously described machine 10 and differs substantially from the latter only with respect to the configuration of the vibratory member and the surface area it covers of the screen itself.
- the several parts of the machine 10 which correspond to parts of the machine 10 are identified by the same reference numerals, but with a prime appended to each of them.
- the vibratory member illustrated is of' the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,113,225, issued Dec, 3, 1963, to Claus Kleesattel, et al., entitled Ultrasonic Vibration Generator, and assigned to the present assignee.
- a vibratory member of this design which has a blade like body, which is uniformly vibrated along its entire length, and maintaining relative movement between the member and screen, a large surface area may be subjected to high frequency recurring forces with a minimal power.
- the screen is of a smaller diameter
- a member having an output surface covering substantially the entire surface area of said screen may be utilized.
- the vibratory member 31 has a working face 32 which substantially covers the entire surface area 21 of screen 20 and is supported in a plane substantially parallel thereto.
- the screening element 19' is supported Iby a resilient sealing ring 2'6 which is positioned in partition 12. This type of arrangement avoids the necessity of rotating the vibratory member 31 relative to the screening element 19.
- the process is essentially the same in that the vibratory motion indicated by arrow 47 is imparted directly to the material 18' being processed.
- the high frequency screening machine 10 is generally similar to the previously described machine 10 and differs substantially from the latter only with respect to the fact that vibratory forces.- are also applied directly to the screening element 19" to further enhance the ow of the material 18 therethrough It has been found that by introducing a secondary component of motion either substantially perpendicular to or parallel with the screen surface 20", the coeicient of friction is reduced to permit an increased rate of flow of the material.
- the forces may be applied by means of a vibrator 70, that is mounted horizontally to the housing 11", in any conventional manner, and a portion of which extends therethrough so that its vibrator element 71 engages the rim 23 of the screening element 19 and the latter is rotated in the previously described manner.
- the vibratory motion imparted to the screen 20 is preferably in the approximate frequency range of l0 to 1000 cycles per second but may be in the high sonic or ultrasonic frequencies as well.
- the flexible sealing ring 26 permits the pivotal movement of the screening element about its vertical axis. It is appreciated that for certain amplitudes of vibration, the mounting apparatus for the screening element may be varied accordingly. High frequency vibrations are simultaneously applied directly to the material by the vibratory member 31 so that screening is obtained which utilizes high and low frequency motion in one system.
- the angular displacement may be obtained by providing a tapered surface 62 on the working face 32 of the vibratory member, which aids in the flow of the material 18 -between said face and screen surface 21".
- the tapered surface 62 preferably extends in the direction of relative movement to permit a gradually decreasing spacing as the material is confined and subjected to the high frequency vibratory forces.
- the taper may be in the order of from approximately 5 to 30 degrees and extend the length of the vibratory member.
- a clay base material used in the making of paper was processed through a standard size No. 270 mesh screen.
- the vibratory working face was vibrated at 20,000 cycles per second and spaced .062 inch from the screen surface.
- the screening element was simultaneously vibrated at a frequency of 60 cycles per second, the ow rate increased by approximately per cent as compared to when no vibration was used at all.
- the high frequency screening apparatus embodying this invention employs a high frequency vibratory member which may have a iiat working face for introducing vibratory energy into the material being screened and said working face is maintained in spaced relationship to the screening element through which the material is to pass and a layer of the material is maintained between and in contact with a surface of the screening element and working face.
- the two may be moved relative to each other to permit progressive portions of the material to be subjected to the high frequency vibratory forces which creates an intense and localized disruption of the material of such force to increase its flowability characteristics as a higher viscosity and a greater dispersion, and simultaneously act as a high frequency pump forcing the material through the r screening element. Vibratory forces may also simultaneously be applied directly to the screening element to further enhance the How characteristics of the material.
- Apparatus for processing material through a screening element comprising a screening element upon which the material is placed,
- Vibratory means having an output surface for imparting vibrations, in range of 1,000 to 100,000 cycles per second, to said material, said output surface having an area substantially equal to the area of the screening element.
- Apparatus for processing material through a screening element comprising l a screening element upon which the material is placed,
- high frequency vibratory means having an output surface for imparting vibrations, in the range of 1,000 to 100,000 cycles per second, to said material in a direction substantially perpendicular to the screening element, said output surface having an area substan tially equal to the area of the screening element.
- vibratory means for simultaneously imparting vibrations to the screening element to further enhance the flow of the material therethrough.
- Apparatus for processing material through a screening element comprising a screening element upon which the material is placed,
- high frequency vibratory means for imparting vibrations, in the range of 1,000 to 100,000 cycles per second, to said material, said means including an output surface in the form of an elongated blade-like member substantially coextensive with one dirnension of the screen,
- means t0 move the blade-like member so that the output surface of said member travels over substantially the entire area of the screening element.
- Apparatus for processing material through a screening element comprising a screening element upon which the material is placed,
- high frequency vibratory means having an output surface for imparting vibrations, in the range of 1,000 to 100,000 cycles per second, to said material, said output surface in the form of an elongated bladelike member substantially coextensive with one dimension of the screen, and
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US48406665A | 1965-08-31 | 1965-08-31 |
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US3490584A true US3490584A (en) | 1970-01-20 |
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US484066A Expired - Lifetime US3490584A (en) | 1965-08-31 | 1965-08-31 | Method and apparatus for high frequency screening of materials |
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Cited By (47)
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US3720306A (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1973-03-13 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Means and process for achieving a controlled particle size range of cathode ray tube phosphors |
US3756400A (en) * | 1968-04-15 | 1973-09-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for sifting out fine particles by utilizing supersonic vibration |
US3782547A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1974-01-01 | Harry Dietert Co | Structure for ultrasonic screening |
US4062768A (en) * | 1972-11-14 | 1977-12-13 | Locker Industries Limited | Sieving of materials |
US4282100A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1981-08-04 | The Sanko Steamship Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for reforming fuel oil wherein ultrasonic waves are utilized |
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US4816144A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1989-03-28 | Russell Finex Limited Of Russell House | Sieving apparatus |
US5542548A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1996-08-06 | Sweco, Incorporated | Fine mesh screening |
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US3756400A (en) * | 1968-04-15 | 1973-09-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for sifting out fine particles by utilizing supersonic vibration |
US3720306A (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1973-03-13 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Means and process for achieving a controlled particle size range of cathode ray tube phosphors |
US3782547A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1974-01-01 | Harry Dietert Co | Structure for ultrasonic screening |
US4062768A (en) * | 1972-11-14 | 1977-12-13 | Locker Industries Limited | Sieving of materials |
US4282100A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1981-08-04 | The Sanko Steamship Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for reforming fuel oil wherein ultrasonic waves are utilized |
DE3535922A1 (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1986-04-17 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | ULTRASONIC VIBRATION SCREENING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CLEANING SOOT BY USING THE DEVICE |
US4693879A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1987-09-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Ultrasonic vibration sieving apparatus and process for purifying carbon black by using the apparatus |
DE3535922C2 (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1999-01-14 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Process for cleaning soot using an ultrasonic vibration screening device |
US4816144A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1989-03-28 | Russell Finex Limited Of Russell House | Sieving apparatus |
US5915566A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1999-06-29 | Sweco Incorporated | Fine mesh screening |
US5542548A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1996-08-06 | Sweco, Incorporated | Fine mesh screening |
US5595306A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1997-01-21 | Emerson Electric Co. | Screening system |
US5799799A (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1998-09-01 | Kason Corporation | Ultrasonic screening system |
US20020053085A1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2002-05-02 | Yasuhiro Toguri | Apparatus, method, and system for information processing, and recording meduim |
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US7182206B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2007-02-27 | M-I L.L.C. | Screen energizer |
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US20080223760A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-09-18 | Jan Kristian Vasshus | Sieve Apparatus and Method For Use of Same |
US8025152B2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2011-09-27 | Virdrill As | Sieve apparatus and method for use of same |
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