US3487670A - Method of forming indentations in fins extending from a heat transfer surface - Google Patents
Method of forming indentations in fins extending from a heat transfer surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3487670A US3487670A US654287A US3487670DA US3487670A US 3487670 A US3487670 A US 3487670A US 654287 A US654287 A US 654287A US 3487670D A US3487670D A US 3487670DA US 3487670 A US3487670 A US 3487670A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fins
- tube
- cavities
- heat transfer
- knurling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
- B21C37/207—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls with helical guides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
- Y10S72/703—Knurling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
- Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved heat transfer surface, and more particularly to a heat transfer surface provided with fins or projections for transferring heat from the relatively warm surface to a fluid.
- nucleate boiling One method of transferring heat from such a surface to a liquid in contact with the surface is nucleate boiling. This is the well known phenomenon according to which vapor bubbles are formed (nucleation) and rise from active spots on the heat transfer surface known as nucleate boiling sites, as the surface temperature rises above the saturation temperature of the liquid.
- nucleate boiling sites The precise nature of nucleate boiling sites is not known. However, it is generally recognized that nucleation takes place most often and most vigorously at surface irregularities or imperfections in which vapor forming the nucleus of a bubble may be trapped. The rapid emission of bubbles from these sites agitates the liquid adjacent the heat transfer surface, and this is, in part, the reason for the high rate of heat transfer associated with nucleate boiling.
- the present invention is based on the premise that the rate of heat transferwill be increased as the number of nucleate boiling sites is increased.
- the improvement lies in the provision of a large number of incipient nucleate boiling sites on a heat transfer surface by forming the surface into a unique shape in a simple and inexpensive manner.
- the invention has as its objectthe formation of indentations in fins or projections extending from a solid heat transfer surface, said indentations having the ability to initiate and support nucleate boiling.
- a further object is to provide indentations in the fin tip material extending from a heat transfer surface by mechanically rearranging the material without actually removing any material.
- a third object of the invention is to provide indented fins as in the immediately preceding object wherein the indented tip material is flared out beyond the side walls of the fin so that the indentations take the form of cavities.
- a fourth object is to form the indentations of theimmediately preceding object by means of a knurling process.
- FIGURE 1 is a front elevation view of a tube embodying the improved heat transfer fins of the invention
- FIGURE 2 is an end view of the tube of FIGURE 1;
- FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the tube of FIGURE 1 taken along line 3-3 of FIG- URE 2;
- FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the tube of FIGURE 1 taken along line 44 of FIG- URE 2;
- FIGURE 5 is an enlarged, front elevation view of a section of the tube of FIGURE 1 more clearly showing the contour of the indentations in the fins;
- FIGURE 6 is a front elevation view of the machine apparatus for forming indentations in the fins extending from a tube;
- FIGURE 7 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus of FIGURE 6 taken along the plane indicated by line 77;
- FIGURE 8 is an end view of the apparatus of FIGURE 6 showing only the roller support for the tubular work piece.
- FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of a flat plate provided with the indented fins of the invention.
- the improved heat transfer surface of this invention may be provided on a flat plate having spaced fins or projections on its surface, or on the well known integrally finned tubing commonly employed in evaporators and heat exchangers of the shell and tube type.
- FIGURES 1 thru 5 illustrate the application of this invention to an integrally finned tube.
- a plurality of spaced fins 2 extend in a helix along the surface of the tube 1, a number of the fins 2 on the left side of the tube being shown as they exist before being formed into my improved heat transfer surface.
- superimposed upon the tip metal around the circumference of the fins 2 on the right side of the tube are a number of indentations generally indicated by reference numeral 3, which may preferably take the form of V-shaped cavities.
- the cavities 3 are preferably formed by mechanically indenting the fin tip metal at spaced intervals in such a way that no metal is actually removed.
- the metal is simply rearranged in a flared or flowered out cavity, the flared portions of the cavities 3 being indicated by reference numeral 4 in FIGURES 3 and 5. It is important with respect to the improved heat transfer effect to be obtained that the fin tip metal be flowered ou transversely by the indenting tool beyond the side wall of the fin as shown at 4.
- a number of nucleate boiling sites in the form of cavities 3 are provided.
- the indenting operation is preferably performed by knurling the fins of the tube in a manner to be described below.
- the impact of the knurling tool displaces the fin tip metal transversely beyond the opposite side walls of each fin to form cavities 3 of the configuration best shown in FIGURE 5. Since the knurling tool has a flat rather than a sharp, V-shaped bottom, the bottom 16 of cavities 3 is also flat as is best shown in FIGURE 2.
- the indenting tool could be directed against the fins at such an angle as to displace the fin tip metal transversely outwards beyond only one side wall of the fins, as by a broaching operation.
- Such a process would produce cavities similar to those shown at 3 in FIGURE 5 except that the cavity would be flared out on only one side of the fin by the action of the broaching tool moving transversely against the fin.
- the impact ofthe tool striking the fin peripheral edge in a direction normal to the axis of the tube will also form a plurality of minute pockets 9 in the top surfaces of the side walls 12 of cavities 3, as is 3 indicated in FIGURES 4 and 5.
- the fin tip metal having been hardened initially by the fin forming operation, will be torn into seams 14 (FIGURE 5) of extremely small size along the edges of flared out portions 4.
- the edges 10 are very thin and very sharp, and thus are split or torn to a certain extent at the bottom 16 of cavities 3 by the indenting operation.
- Nucleate boiling is actively induced by pockets 9 and seams 14, in which vapor forming the nucleus of a bubble :may be trapped.
- Sharp edges 10 serve the useful purpose of causing cavitation in the liquid flowing adjacent the external surface of tube '1. This results in the formation of small bubbles which initiate nucleate boiling.
- cavities 3 terminate short of the base of the fins 2, as is clearly indicated in FIGURES 3 and 4. This results in the formation of additional, relatively large cavities 5 in the space between the underside of flared out portions 4 and the side walls 7 of fins 2 (FIGURES 3 and 5). Cavities 5 also serve as nucleate boiling sites.
- Nucleate boiling also takes place from points 8 on the surface of tube 1 between adjacent fins 2 in cavities 6. Nucleate boiling at points 8 and the attendant high heat transfer will be rapid and continuous so long as the vapor bubbles produced at these points have an unimpeded discharge path. For this reason, gap a between adjacent edges 10 of flared out portions 4 is controlled so as not to unduly restrict the flow of liquid to and vapor bubbles from points 8 on the surface of tube 1 (FIGURE 4). This is done by regulating the depth of cavities 3, and thus limiting the extent of flaring or flowering out of edges 10 during the indenting process.
- gaps a within a range of 35% to 75% of the initial distance b (FIGURE 3) between the side walls 7 of adjacent fins 2 at the top thereof.
- Optimum results were Obtained with gaps a held within a range of 0.020 to 0.025 inch.
- a range of 0.015 to 0.030 inch would also be workable, but not as satisfactory as the more limited range for gaps a.
- the gaps a controlled in this manner the depth of cavities 3 will always be less than one-half of the height of fins 2.
- the size of gaps a becomes a particular problem under conditions where there is a high temperature differential between the external surface of tube 1 and the boiling liquid.
- the gap control problem discussed above could be substantially eliminated by randomly spacing cavities 3 so that flared out portions 4 of adjacent fins are not in axial alignment. With such an arrangement, there would be no problem of forming relatively narrow gaps a between adjacent fins 2.
- FIGURES 6 thru 8 The preferred machining arrangement for forming the indentations 3 in the fins 2 of the tube 1 of FIGURES 1 thru 5 is shown in FIGURES 6 thru 8.
- the finned copper tube work piece 1 is supported at one end in the clamping teeth 22 of chuck 20.
- Finned tube 1 is supported at its other end by means of a roller assembly comprised of a base portion 24 and a head portion 26.
- Three roller wheels 28, 30, and 32 are mounted in the base 24 for rotation about their longitudinal axis.
- a single roller wheel 34 is similarly mounted in head 26.
- Head 26 is slidably mounted for transverse movement by means of pneumatic or hydraulic means not shown.
- tube 1 may be placed in base portion 24 in contact with roller wheels 28, 30, and 32; and then head 26 may be moved transversely into the position shown, whereby roller wheel 34 will come into contact with the top of tube 1.
- a knurling tool assembly generally indicated by reference numeral 50 is provided for forming the indentations 3 in the fins 2 of tube 1.
- Knurling wheel 36 is mounted in base 40 of assembly 50 for free rotation about its longitudinal axis, and knurling wheel 38 is similarly mounted in transversely movable head 42.
- Head 42 is fixedly mounted on base 40 for movement therewith, longitudinal movement being imparted to knurling assembly 50 by means of lead screw 44. Head 42 may also be moved transversely with respect to base 40 by hydraulic or pneumatic means not shown.
- the axis of rotation of knurling wheel 38 is slightly laterally offset with respect to longitudinal axis of tube 1.
- the teeth 48 of knurling wheel 38 will advance into contact with the peripheral surface of fins 2 and force tube 1 downwardly against the teeth of knurling wheel 36 as head 42 is moved transversely into the position shown.
- the depth of cavities 3, and thus the size of gap a between flared out portions 4 of adjacent fins 2 (FIGURES 3 and 4) is determined by adjusting the ram force applied to head 42. It is noted that when a relatively long piece of finned tubing is to be knurled, a number of roller assemblies 2426 may be positioned at spaced intervals along the tube in order to properly support it. A plurality of knurling assemblies 50 may then be employed to knurl the portions of the finned tube between roller supports.
- knurling tool assembly 50 could be mounted on a standard fin forming machine.
- Apparatus as is conventionally employed for rolling fins in the wall of a tube is shown in United States Patent No. 1,865,575, issued on July 5, 1932, to Locke.
- the fins are formed integrally with the tube wall by means of roller dies moving radially against the tube as the tube is propelled longitudinally past the roller.
- Knurling wheels 36 and 38 could be positioned radially outwards from the path of longitudinal movement of the tubular work piece, and adjacent the roller dies beyond the final forming stage thereof so that as the rotating tube moves longitudinally forward, the fins will first be formed in the tube and then the fins will be indented by the knurling wheels.
- the knurling wheels 36 and 38 would not move longitudinally as in the process illustrated in FIGURES 68, but rather the knurling wheels would be mounted at fixed stations positioned circumferentially about the longitudinally moving tube.
- tube 1 is placed in position with one end in chuck 20 and the other end supported in roller base portion 24.
- Roller head 26 is then moved transversely into the position shown in FIGURE 8.
- a rotational force is applied to chuck 20, and to lead screw 44 by power transmission means within headstock 46, and motor means drivingly connected thereto (not shown).
- Tube 1 will thus be caused to rotate with chuck 20.
- knurling tool 38 is advanced into contact with fins 2 by transverse movement of head 42. Knurling tools 36 and 38 are rotated against fins 2 as a result of being in frictional contact with rotating tube 1.
- teeth 48 of knurling tools 38 and 36 will deliver a series of impacts against the peripheral surface of fins 2 so as to displace the fin tip metal into the shape of cavities 3 shown in FIGURES 1, 2 and 5.
- Cavities 3 will be formed in fins 2 along the length of tube 1 as the knurling assembly 50 is moved parallel to the longitudinal axis of tube 1 by rotation of lead screw 44. This longitudinal movement of knurling assembly 50 causes more of the fin tip metal in cavities 3 to be displaced in the direction in which knurling assembly 50 is moving.
- flared out portions 4 will extend farther beyond one side wall 7 of fins 2 than the other.
- Knurling wheels 36 and 38 are so constructed and arranged that the teeth of lower wheel 36 strike fins 2 in generally, but no precisely, the same cavities 3 formed by the teeth of upper wheel 38. This causes cavities 3 to have roughened Walls, the rough spots serving to induce nucleate boling.
- knurling Wheels 36 and 38 have straight teeth parallel to the wheel axis. Tools of this type will form cavities 3 of the shape most clearly shown in FIGURE 5. Knurling tools having teeth in a herringbone or diamond pattern may also be employed. Such tools would of course produce cavities in fins 2 having a herringbone pattern.
- the pitch (number of teeth per inch of circumference) of the knurling wheel is quite critical. Thus, if too coarse a knurling tool having less than 14 teeth per circumferential inch is used, the resulting low number of cavities formed will not produce a significant increase in heat transfer.
- the number of streams of bubbles rising from active nucleation sites on the finned tube was seen to increase as much as ten times in comparison with an ordinary finned tube.
- the operation of the shell and tube evaporator with my improved heat transfer surface resulted in a seven percent increase in overall heat transfer for a given temperature differential between the water and the refrigerant.
- FIGURE 9 illustrates the application of my improved heat transfer surface to fins 62 extending from a fiat plate 60.
- a fiat plate 60 Such a plate would normally be used in an application where boiling liquid is in contact with the fins 62 and the top of the plate 60, and a relatively warmer fluid is in contact with the bottom of the plate.
- Cavities 64 of a configuration similar to that of cavities 3 shown in FIGURES 1 thru 5 are formed in fins 2 by placing plate 60 on the bed plate of a milling machine and moving a rotating knurling or milling tool over the finned surface in a horizontal direction parallel to the plane of plate 60. Edges 68 of side walls 66 of cavities 64 are flared out beyond side walls 70 of fins 62 for the purpose described above with respect to flared out portions 4 of cavities 3.
- the imperfect surface of the indenting tool forming the cavities 64 will also form a plurality of minute pockets 72 similar to pockets 9 of cavities 3 in FIGURES 4 and 5.
- the base 74 of cavities 64 will also be split into a number of extremely small seams 76 by the impact of the indenting tool on the fin surface.
- the cavities 64 aided by pockets 72 and seams 76 in the surface thereof, serve to initiate and sustain nucleate boiling. As a result heat transfer to the liquid in contact with fins 62 is greatly increased.
- the gap between adjacent flared-out edges 68 must be controlled in the manner described above with respect to gap a by regulating the depth of cavities 64 so as not to unduly restrict the flow of bubbles rising from the top surface of plate between fins 62.
- a method of providing a heat exchange tube having continuous helical fins thereon with a plurality of V-shaped cavities in the peripheries of said fins comprising the steps of:
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US443264A US3326283A (en) | 1965-03-29 | 1965-03-29 | Heat transfer surface |
US65428767A | 1967-04-17 | 1967-04-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3487670A true US3487670A (en) | 1970-01-06 |
Family
ID=27033479
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US654287A Expired - Lifetime US3487670A (en) | 1965-03-29 | 1967-04-17 | Method of forming indentations in fins extending from a heat transfer surface |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3487670A (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3280705A (en) * | 1963-04-08 | 1966-10-25 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | Method for manufacturing plastic bags |
US4159739A (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1979-07-03 | Carrier Corporation | Heat transfer surface and method of manufacture |
US4166498A (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1979-09-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Vapor-condensing, heat-transfer wall |
US4195688A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1980-04-01 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Heat-transfer wall for condensation and method of manufacturing the same |
US4216826A (en) * | 1977-02-25 | 1980-08-12 | Furukawa Metals Co., Ltd. | Heat transfer tube for use in boiling type heat exchangers and method of producing the same |
US4313248A (en) * | 1977-02-25 | 1982-02-02 | Fukurawa Metals Co., Ltd. | Method of producing heat transfer tube for use in boiling type heat exchangers |
US5326461A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1994-07-05 | Labinal | Oil filter and heat exchanger |
US5553476A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1996-09-10 | Sulzer Medizinaltechnik Ag | Process for the production of outer attachment faces on joint implants |
US6382311B1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2002-05-07 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
US6427767B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2002-08-06 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
US6746600B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2004-06-08 | Arvin Technologies, Inc. | Fluid filter with integrated cooler |
US7063131B2 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2006-06-20 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. | Perforated fin heat exchangers and catalytic support |
US20090008069A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Finned tube with stepped peaks |
US20090260702A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2009-10-22 | Postech Academy-Industry Foundation | Method for fabricating solid body having superhydrophobic surface structure and superhydrophobic tube using the same method |
US20100028615A1 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2010-02-04 | Postech Academy-Industry Foundation | Method for fabricating superhydrophobic surface and solid having superhydrophobic surface structure by the same method |
US20110143292A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-16 | Eclipse, Inc. | Burner with improved heat recuperator |
CH704518A1 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-31 | Jossi Holding Ag | A method for producing an implant having at least one area with a surface structure, according to the method implant produced and apparatus for performing the method. |
US20140076519A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2014-03-20 | Rochester Institute Of Technology | Methods for Stabilizing Flow in Channels and System Thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US934335A (en) * | 1908-11-09 | 1909-09-14 | St Louis Delinter Mfg Company | Cylinder-nurling apparatus. |
US2372795A (en) * | 1942-08-05 | 1945-04-03 | Otto Gutmann | Method of making heat exchange devices |
US2849904A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1958-09-02 | Louis G Hill | Device for serrating a shaft |
US2849903A (en) * | 1953-12-29 | 1958-09-02 | Joseph P Dorr | Type knurling machine |
US2870661A (en) * | 1956-03-12 | 1959-01-27 | John E Poorman | Knurling tool |
-
1967
- 1967-04-17 US US654287A patent/US3487670A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US934335A (en) * | 1908-11-09 | 1909-09-14 | St Louis Delinter Mfg Company | Cylinder-nurling apparatus. |
US2372795A (en) * | 1942-08-05 | 1945-04-03 | Otto Gutmann | Method of making heat exchange devices |
US2849903A (en) * | 1953-12-29 | 1958-09-02 | Joseph P Dorr | Type knurling machine |
US2849904A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1958-09-02 | Louis G Hill | Device for serrating a shaft |
US2870661A (en) * | 1956-03-12 | 1959-01-27 | John E Poorman | Knurling tool |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3280705A (en) * | 1963-04-08 | 1966-10-25 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | Method for manufacturing plastic bags |
US4195688A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1980-04-01 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Heat-transfer wall for condensation and method of manufacturing the same |
US4166498A (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1979-09-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Vapor-condensing, heat-transfer wall |
US4216826A (en) * | 1977-02-25 | 1980-08-12 | Furukawa Metals Co., Ltd. | Heat transfer tube for use in boiling type heat exchangers and method of producing the same |
US4313248A (en) * | 1977-02-25 | 1982-02-02 | Fukurawa Metals Co., Ltd. | Method of producing heat transfer tube for use in boiling type heat exchangers |
US4159739A (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1979-07-03 | Carrier Corporation | Heat transfer surface and method of manufacture |
US5326461A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1994-07-05 | Labinal | Oil filter and heat exchanger |
US5553476A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1996-09-10 | Sulzer Medizinaltechnik Ag | Process for the production of outer attachment faces on joint implants |
US6427767B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2002-08-06 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
US6382311B1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2002-05-07 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
US7063131B2 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2006-06-20 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. | Perforated fin heat exchangers and catalytic support |
US6746600B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2004-06-08 | Arvin Technologies, Inc. | Fluid filter with integrated cooler |
US20140076519A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2014-03-20 | Rochester Institute Of Technology | Methods for Stabilizing Flow in Channels and System Thereof |
US20100028615A1 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2010-02-04 | Postech Academy-Industry Foundation | Method for fabricating superhydrophobic surface and solid having superhydrophobic surface structure by the same method |
US20090260702A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2009-10-22 | Postech Academy-Industry Foundation | Method for fabricating solid body having superhydrophobic surface structure and superhydrophobic tube using the same method |
US8707999B2 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2014-04-29 | Postech Academy-Industry Foundation | Method for fabricating solid body having superhydrophobic surface structure and superhydrophobic tube using the same method |
US20090008069A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Finned tube with stepped peaks |
US20110143292A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-16 | Eclipse, Inc. | Burner with improved heat recuperator |
US8986001B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2015-03-24 | Eclipse, Inc. | Burner with improved heat recuperator |
CH704518A1 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-31 | Jossi Holding Ag | A method for producing an implant having at least one area with a surface structure, according to the method implant produced and apparatus for performing the method. |
WO2012113690A3 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-10-26 | Jossi Holding Ag | Method for producing an implant comprising at least one region having a surface structure, implant produced according to the method and device for performing the method |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3326283A (en) | Heat transfer surface | |
US3487670A (en) | Method of forming indentations in fins extending from a heat transfer surface | |
US4159739A (en) | Heat transfer surface and method of manufacture | |
US4938282A (en) | High performance heat transfer tube for heat exchanger | |
US3906604A (en) | Method of forming heat transmissive wall surface | |
US3696861A (en) | Heat transfer surface having a high boiling heat transfer coefficient | |
US4577381A (en) | Boiling heat transfer pipes | |
US5896660A (en) | Method of manufacturing an evaporator tube | |
JP4077296B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of heat exchange pipe structured on both sides | |
US4147088A (en) | Drill screw | |
US5010643A (en) | High performance heat transfer tube for heat exchanger | |
JPS58500280A (en) | diamond grinding body | |
US4672834A (en) | Method for making extended heat transfer surfaces and a tool for putting said method into practice | |
CN100347512C (en) | Heat transfer tube and method of manufacturing same | |
US3213525A (en) | Method of forming an internal rib in the bore of a tube | |
US4353234A (en) | Heat transfer surface and method of manufacture | |
USRE30077E (en) | Surface for boiling liquids | |
JPH0465739B2 (en) | ||
US2428301A (en) | Method of producing forming rolls for use in rolling mills and the like | |
US3727682A (en) | Heat exchangers and the method of making the same | |
KR920007963B1 (en) | Method of and apparatus of producing tube | |
US4299106A (en) | Finned tubing | |
JP2016087659A (en) | Manufacturing method of integrated molding roller, cutter and integrated molding roller | |
US3855832A (en) | Method of and apparatus for manufacturing integral finned tubing | |
JPS59100396A (en) | Condensable heat exchanger tube |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TRANE COMPANY, THE Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:A-S CAPITAL INC. A CORP OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004334/0523 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TRANE COMPANY THE Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:TRANE COMPANY THE, A CORP OF WI (INTO);A-S CAPITAL INC., A CORP OF DE (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004372/0370 Effective date: 19840224 Owner name: AMERICAN STANDARD INC., A CORP OF DE Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:TRANE COMPANY, THE;A-S SALEM INC., A CORP. OF DE (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:004372/0349 Effective date: 19841226 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: A-S CAPITAL INC., A CORP OF DE Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:TRANE COMPANY THE A WI CORP;REEL/FRAME:004432/0765 Effective date: 19840224 |