US3455810A - Fastening means for an electrode in a so-called horizontal electrolytic cell - Google Patents

Fastening means for an electrode in a so-called horizontal electrolytic cell Download PDF

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US3455810A
US3455810A US522437A US3455810DA US3455810A US 3455810 A US3455810 A US 3455810A US 522437 A US522437 A US 522437A US 3455810D A US3455810D A US 3455810DA US 3455810 A US3455810 A US 3455810A
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electrode
suspension
rod
anode
suspension rod
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US522437A
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Per Tore Holm
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Uddeholms AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections

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  • the invention relates to an electrolytic cell, and more particularly to fastening means for an electrode in a socalled horizontal electrolytic cell, which means a cell in which the active surfaces of the electrodes are horizontally situated.
  • a socalled horizontal electrolytic cell which means a cell in which the active surfaces of the electrodes are horizontally situated.
  • the invention relates to cells for the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution, in which the upper electrode, the anode, consists of a graphite plate, and the lower electrode, the cathode, consists of mercury flowing on the bottom of the cell.
  • the following specification is concerned with such a mercury cell, but the invention is useful also for other horizontal cells.
  • the anode In a horizontal cell containing flowing mercury it is important that the anode is situated exactly horizontally, i.e. parallel with the surface of the mercury, and exactly on the desired distance from the surface of the mercury. This can be achieved by supporting the anode on the bottom of the cell by means of insulating spacers. Such spacers, however, disturb the flow of the mercury and also collect impurities, involving a risk for a short circuit between anode and cathode. Therefore, it is preferred to suspend the anode in the cell.
  • a medium size plant for the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution contains approximately 15,000 anode plates under operation, and it is therefore easily understood that said factors have a large economic importance.
  • the electrolytic cell of the invention comprises a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface, an upper electrode having a substantially horizontal lower surface, an electrode vessel having a lid above said upper electrode, a suspension rod extending through an opening in said lid and having its lower end fastened to said upper electrode, an elastic seal ring to close the space between said lid and said suspension rod, suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supporting on said elastic seal ring, set screws for adjusting the position of said suspension means, against the resilience of said elastic seal ring, and means in said suspension means for vertically moving said suspension rod.
  • the suspension means comprise a base resiliently supporting on said elastic seal ring, and above said base a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod the lower end of which carries said suspension rod, said support carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a vertical cross-section of a device of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the device of FIG. 1 in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the plate of the suspension means, having three screws.
  • the electrolytic cell illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 contains an electrode vessel having a bottom 18, a lid 13, and side walls which are not illustrated.
  • the electrode vessel contains a known graphite anode 1.
  • the anode may consist of titanium or another suitable material.
  • the width of the anode is illustrated in the figure, and the length of the anode is usually three or four times the width.
  • the upper portion of the anode has an opening in which a cylindrical graphite rod 2 is fastened by means of screw threads.
  • the rod 2 will be referred to hereinbelow as suspension rod, as it carries the anode 1.
  • the suspension rod extends vertically through an opening in the lid 13.
  • a layer of ebonite covers the lower side of the lid 13, and extends around the edge of the opening to form an annular member 14 which prevents an electric contact between the suspension rod and the lid.
  • the wall 3 of the suspension rod is exactly perpendicular to the bottom surface 4 of the anode.
  • a bolt 5 is screwed into an opening in the upper portion of the suspension rod.
  • a copper plate 7 is fastened between the head 6 of the bolt and the suspension rod 2, to supply electric power to the anode. The copper plate also prevents the suspension rod from rotating around its axis.
  • the head 6 of the bolt 5 shall be comparatively large, so as to press the copper plate 7 hard against the entire upper surface of the suspension rod 2, for reducing the electric resistance.
  • the electric resistance is further reduced by the fact that part of the current flows from the copper plate 7 through the portions 6 and 5 of the bolt and into the suspension rod 2.
  • a screw-threaded rod 8 is fastened by welding to be co-axial with the bolt 5.
  • Said rod 8 supports a not 9 having a circumferential groove 10 engaging the edge of an opening in a supporting arm 11.
  • the ends of the supporting arm 11 are fastened to a substantially horizontal plate 12.
  • Said plate 12 supports on an O-ring 15 being situated in a recessed portion of the insulating ring 14.
  • the O- ring 15 constitutes seal means between the lid 13 and the rod 2, and the plate 12 constitutes a gland for said O- ring.
  • mercury flows in a thin layer on the bottom 18 of the cell, and is connected as cathode to a direct current source.
  • the graphite electrode 1 is the anode.
  • a sodium chloride solution is fed to flow in the space between the anode and the cathode. Chlorine is formed on the anode surface, and the sodium formed on the cathode surface reacts with the mercury surface.
  • the anode surface 4 is adjusted to be parallel with the mercury surface in the following way.
  • a level is placed on the cylindrical wall 3 of the suspension rod 2, and the nuts 17 are adjusted to make the rod 2 absolutely vertical, resulting in the lower anode surface 4 being absolutely horizontal.
  • the anode is now lowered by the nut 9 being rotated, until the anode comes into contact with the mercury on the bottom of the cell. This is checked in a known way by measuring the current or the voltage of the cell. Now the nut 9 is rotated until the anode has been lifted into the desired position.
  • both screws 16 with their nuts 17 are situated in the longitudinal direction of the anode, since the adjustment is most important in this direction.
  • An adjustment in the transverse direction of the anode can be made if the plate is made with three adjusting nuts, for instance as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • An electrolytic cell comprising a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface
  • an upper electrode having a substantially horizontal lower surface, said upper electrode being formed of graphite
  • suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supported on said elastic ring, said suspension means comprises a base resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring and, above said base, a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod, said screw-threaded rod carrying at its lower end said suspension rod, said support also carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod;
  • An electrolytic cell comprising a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface
  • suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, said suspension means comprising a base resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, and above said base 4 a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod the lower end of which carries said suspension rod, said support also carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod;
  • An electrolytic cell comprising a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface
  • suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, said suspension means comprising a base resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, and above said base a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod the lower end of which carries said suspension rod, said support also carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod;

Description

July 15, 1969 P. T. HOLM 3,455,810
' FASTENING MEANS FOR AN ELECTRODE IN A SO-CALLED HORIZONTAL ELECTROLYTIC CELL Filed Jan. 24, 1966 2 SheetsSheet 1 July 15, 1969 P. T. HOLM 3,455,810
FASTENING MEANS FOR AN ELECTRODE IN A SO-CALLED HORIZONTAL ELECTROLYTIC CELL Filed Jan. 24, 1966 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent 3,455,810 FASTENING MEANS FOR AN ELECTRODE IN A SO-CALLED HORIZONTAL ELECTROLYTIC CELL Per Tore Holm, Skoghall, Sweden, assignor to Uddeholms Aktiebolag, Uddeholm, Sweden a company of Sweden Filed Jan. 24, 1966, Ser. No. 522,437 Claims priority, application Sweden, Feb. 4, 1965, 1,447 65. Int. Cl. B01k 3/00 US. Cl. 204225 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In an electrolytic cell the electrode is suspended in a vertical rod extending through an opening in the lid of the cell. An elastic seal ring is provided to be in contact with the rod and the lid so as to close the space between the rod and the lid. The rod is suspended in suspension means which support on the elastic seal ring. The resilience of the seal ring makes it possible to adjust the position of the rod and, consequently, of the electrode.
The invention relates to an electrolytic cell, and more particularly to fastening means for an electrode in a socalled horizontal electrolytic cell, which means a cell in which the active surfaces of the electrodes are horizontally situated. Particularly the invention relates to cells for the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution, in which the upper electrode, the anode, consists of a graphite plate, and the lower electrode, the cathode, consists of mercury flowing on the bottom of the cell. The following specification is concerned with such a mercury cell, but the invention is useful also for other horizontal cells.
In a horizontal cell containing flowing mercury it is important that the anode is situated exactly horizontally, i.e. parallel with the surface of the mercury, and exactly on the desired distance from the surface of the mercury. This can be achieved by supporting the anode on the bottom of the cell by means of insulating spacers. Such spacers, however, disturb the flow of the mercury and also collect impurities, involving a risk for a short circuit between anode and cathode. Therefore, it is preferred to suspend the anode in the cell. It is the object of the invention to provide such suspension means having a simple structure, enabling an uncomplicated adjustment of the anode into the exact horizontal position, and enabling an uncomplicated raising and lowering of the anode under operation to the desired distance from the mercury surface. This is essential for obtaining a low electric power. It is particularly desired to adjust the distance between the electrodes when using graphite anodes, as the graphite is gradually consumed. A medium size plant for the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution contains approximately 15,000 anode plates under operation, and it is therefore easily understood that said factors have a large economic importance.
The electrolytic cell of the invention comprises a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface, an upper electrode having a substantially horizontal lower surface, an electrode vessel having a lid above said upper electrode, a suspension rod extending through an opening in said lid and having its lower end fastened to said upper electrode, an elastic seal ring to close the space between said lid and said suspension rod, suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supporting on said elastic seal ring, set screws for adjusting the position of said suspension means, against the resilience of said elastic seal ring, and means in said suspension means for vertically moving said suspension rod.
3,455,810 Patented July 15, 1969 In a preferred embodiment the suspension means comprise a base resiliently supporting on said elastic seal ring, and above said base a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod the lower end of which carries said suspension rod, said support carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates a vertical cross-section of a device of the invention. FIG. 2 illustrates the device of FIG. 1 in a perspective view. FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the plate of the suspension means, having three screws.
The electrolytic cell illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 contains an electrode vessel having a bottom 18, a lid 13, and side walls which are not illustrated. The electrode vessel contains a known graphite anode 1. Alternatively, the anode may consist of titanium or another suitable material. The width of the anode is illustrated in the figure, and the length of the anode is usually three or four times the width. The upper portion of the anode has an opening in which a cylindrical graphite rod 2 is fastened by means of screw threads. The rod 2 will be referred to hereinbelow as suspension rod, as it carries the anode 1. The suspension rod extends vertically through an opening in the lid 13.
A layer of ebonite, for instance, covers the lower side of the lid 13, and extends around the edge of the opening to form an annular member 14 which prevents an electric contact between the suspension rod and the lid. The wall 3 of the suspension rod is exactly perpendicular to the bottom surface 4 of the anode. A bolt 5 is screwed into an opening in the upper portion of the suspension rod. A copper plate 7 is fastened between the head 6 of the bolt and the suspension rod 2, to supply electric power to the anode. The copper plate also prevents the suspension rod from rotating around its axis.
It is desired that the head 6 of the bolt 5 shall be comparatively large, so as to press the copper plate 7 hard against the entire upper surface of the suspension rod 2, for reducing the electric resistance. The electric resistance is further reduced by the fact that part of the current flows from the copper plate 7 through the portions 6 and 5 of the bolt and into the suspension rod 2.
A screw-threaded rod 8 is fastened by welding to be co-axial with the bolt 5. Said rod 8 supports a not 9 having a circumferential groove 10 engaging the edge of an opening in a supporting arm 11. The ends of the supporting arm 11 are fastened to a substantially horizontal plate 12. Said plate 12 supports on an O-ring 15 being situated in a recessed portion of the insulating ring 14. The O- ring 15 constitutes seal means between the lid 13 and the rod 2, and the plate 12 constitutes a gland for said O- ring.
Two bolts 16, see FIG. 2, are fastened to the lid 13 and extend through openings in the plate 12. Nuts 17 engage the bolts to press the plate 12 downward against the resilience of the O-ring 15. Consequently, the O-ring 15 has the double action of sealing the space between the lid 13 and the suspension rod 2 and allowing the plate 12 to be adjusted, by means of the nuts 17, into the desired position.
In operation, mercury flows in a thin layer on the bottom 18 of the cell, and is connected as cathode to a direct current source. The graphite electrode 1 is the anode. A sodium chloride solution is fed to flow in the space between the anode and the cathode. Chlorine is formed on the anode surface, and the sodium formed on the cathode surface reacts with the mercury surface.
The anode surface 4 is adjusted to be parallel with the mercury surface in the following way. A level is placed on the cylindrical wall 3 of the suspension rod 2, and the nuts 17 are adjusted to make the rod 2 absolutely vertical, resulting in the lower anode surface 4 being absolutely horizontal. The anode is now lowered by the nut 9 being rotated, until the anode comes into contact with the mercury on the bottom of the cell. This is checked in a known way by measuring the current or the voltage of the cell. Now the nut 9 is rotated until the anode has been lifted into the desired position.
In the illustrated embodiment both screws 16 with their nuts 17 are situated in the longitudinal direction of the anode, since the adjustment is most important in this direction. An adjustment in the transverse direction of the anode can be made if the plate is made with three adjusting nuts, for instance as illustrated in FIG. 3. A rotation of the nut 17:: effects the longitudinal adjustment, and a rotation of one of the nuts 17b results in an adjustment in the transverse direction.
What I claim is:
1. An electrolytic cell, comprising a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface;
an upper electrode having a substantially horizontal lower surface, said upper electrode being formed of graphite;
an electrode vessel having a lid above said upper electrode;
a graphite suspension rod extending through an opening in said lid and having its lower end fastened to said upper electrode;
an elastic seal ring in contact with said lid and said suspension rod and closing the space between said lid and said suspension rod;
suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supported on said elastic ring, said suspension means comprises a base resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring and, above said base, a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod, said screw-threaded rod carrying at its lower end said suspension rod, said support also carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod;
sets crews for adjusting the position of said suspension means against the resilience of said elastic seal ring;
means in said suspension means for vertically moving said suspension rod; and
a flat strip of a conductive metal fastened to the top of said graphite suspension rod by means of a screw having a head, the lower end of the screw-threaded rod being fastened to the head of said screw.
2. An electrolytic cell, comprising a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface;
an upper surface electrode having a substantially horizontal lower surface;
an electrode vessel having a lid above said upper electrode;
a suspension rod extending through an opening in said lid and having its lower end fastened to said upper electrode;
an elastic seal ring in contact with said lid and said suspension rod and closing the space between said lid and said suspension rod;
suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, said suspension means comprising a base resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, and above said base 4 a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod the lower end of which carries said suspension rod, said support also carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod;
set screws for adjusting the position of said suspension means against the resilience of said elastic seal;
means in said suspension means for vertically moving said suspension rod; and
a flat strip of a conductive metal fastened to the top of said suspension rod by means of a screw having a head, the lower end of the screw-threaded rod being fastened to the head of said screw.
3. An electrolytic cell, comprising a lower electrode having a substantially horizontal upper surface;
an upper electrode having a substantially horizontal lower surface;
an electrode vessel having a lid above said upper electrode;
a suspension rod extending through an opening in said lid and having its lower end fastened to said upper electrode;
an elastic seal ring in contact with said lid and said suspension rod and closing the space between said lid and said suspension rod;
suspension means engaging said suspension rod and resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, said suspension means comprising a base resiliently supported on said elastic seal ring, and above said base a support for a vertical screw-threaded rod the lower end of which carries said suspension rod, said support also carrying a rotatable nut for raising and lowering said screw-threaded rod;
set screws for adjusting the position of said suspension means against the resilience of said elastic seal ring;
means in said suspension means for vertically moving said suspension rod;
a flat strip of a conductive metal engaging the top of said suspension rod; and
means on said screw-threaded rod for pressing said fiat strip against said top of said suspension rod.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,542,056 2/1951 Ravenscroft 204-286 2,328,665 9/1943 Munson 204-250 2,346,006 4/1944 Burt 33-73 2,542,989 2/ 1951 Carter et a1. 204-225 2,910,423 10/1959 Schirmer et a1. 204-250 2,919,237 12/1959 Szechtman 204-225 2,986,513 5/ 1961 Ornhjelm 204-220 XR 3,037,928 6/1962 Hass et al. 204-250 XR 3,347,769 10/1967 Honsberg et a1. 204-288 XR FOREIGN PATENTS 134,612 2/ 1952 Sweden.
JOHN H. MACK, Primary Examiner D. R. VALENTINE, Assistant Examiner US. Cl, X.R,
US522437A 1965-02-04 1966-01-24 Fastening means for an electrode in a so-called horizontal electrolytic cell Expired - Lifetime US3455810A (en)

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DE (1) DE1571715A1 (en)
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SE (1) SE307568B (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511766A (en) * 1967-10-02 1970-05-12 Dow Chemical Co Current lead-in pin
US3676325A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-07-11 Ici Ltd Anode assembly for electrolytic cells
US3941674A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-03-02 Monroe Belgium N.V. Plating rack
US4072595A (en) * 1977-03-07 1978-02-07 Olin Corporation Anode seal assembly for electrolytic cells
EP0017188A1 (en) * 1979-04-10 1980-10-15 Bayer Ag Anode for the alkali chloride electrolysis and process for the manufacture of chlorine

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2328665A (en) * 1939-10-27 1943-09-07 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Electrolytic cell
US2346006A (en) * 1944-04-04 Surveying instrument
US2542056A (en) * 1945-09-17 1951-02-20 Ici Ltd Electrode support for electrolytic cells
US2542989A (en) * 1941-08-27 1951-02-27 Ici Ltd Electrolytic cell
US2910423A (en) * 1956-03-03 1959-10-27 Hoechst Ag Device for adjusting anodes in electrolytic cells
US2919237A (en) * 1954-07-23 1959-12-29 Amroc Inc Adjustable supports for anodes
US2986513A (en) * 1957-06-04 1961-05-30 Ornhjelm Runar Maur Rafaelsson Electrolytic cells
US3037928A (en) * 1959-02-14 1962-06-05 Feldmuhle Papier Und Zellstoff Metallic current conductor mounting for a horizontal graphite electrode in an electrolytic cell
US3347769A (en) * 1963-05-24 1967-10-17 Basf Ag Means for adjusting anodes in electrolytic cells having horizontal cathodes

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2346006A (en) * 1944-04-04 Surveying instrument
US2328665A (en) * 1939-10-27 1943-09-07 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Electrolytic cell
US2542989A (en) * 1941-08-27 1951-02-27 Ici Ltd Electrolytic cell
US2542056A (en) * 1945-09-17 1951-02-20 Ici Ltd Electrode support for electrolytic cells
US2919237A (en) * 1954-07-23 1959-12-29 Amroc Inc Adjustable supports for anodes
US2910423A (en) * 1956-03-03 1959-10-27 Hoechst Ag Device for adjusting anodes in electrolytic cells
US2986513A (en) * 1957-06-04 1961-05-30 Ornhjelm Runar Maur Rafaelsson Electrolytic cells
US3037928A (en) * 1959-02-14 1962-06-05 Feldmuhle Papier Und Zellstoff Metallic current conductor mounting for a horizontal graphite electrode in an electrolytic cell
US3347769A (en) * 1963-05-24 1967-10-17 Basf Ag Means for adjusting anodes in electrolytic cells having horizontal cathodes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511766A (en) * 1967-10-02 1970-05-12 Dow Chemical Co Current lead-in pin
US3676325A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-07-11 Ici Ltd Anode assembly for electrolytic cells
US3941674A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-03-02 Monroe Belgium N.V. Plating rack
US4072595A (en) * 1977-03-07 1978-02-07 Olin Corporation Anode seal assembly for electrolytic cells
EP0017188A1 (en) * 1979-04-10 1980-10-15 Bayer Ag Anode for the alkali chloride electrolysis and process for the manufacture of chlorine

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GB1130827A (en) 1968-10-16
SE307568B (en) 1969-01-13
NO115575B (en) 1968-10-28
BE676012A (en) 1966-06-16
NL6601403A (en) 1966-08-05
DE1571715A1 (en) 1971-03-25

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