US3413079A - Alkanoic acid and hydroxy alkanoic acid salt softening of tanned collagen strands - Google Patents
Alkanoic acid and hydroxy alkanoic acid salt softening of tanned collagen strands Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3413079A US3413079A US491887A US3413079DA US3413079A US 3413079 A US3413079 A US 3413079A US 491887 A US491887 A US 491887A US 3413079D A US3413079D A US 3413079DA US 3413079 A US3413079 A US 3413079A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkanoic acid
- collagen
- strand
- tanned
- sutures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 title description 50
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 title description 50
- 229960005188 collagen Drugs 0.000 title description 50
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 title description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title description 26
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 title 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960001304 POTASSIUM LACTATE Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229960004109 Potassium Acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium lactate Chemical compound [K+].CC(O)C([O-])=O PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229940005581 Sodium Lactate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- NGSFWBMYFKHRBD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium lactate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)C([O-])=O NGSFWBMYFKHRBD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lactate Chemical class CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001521 potassium lactate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011085 potassium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940001447 Lactate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 241000212342 Sium Species 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical class CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZOBLYBZQXQGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium lactate Chemical compound [NH4+].CC(O)C([O-])=O RZOBLYBZQXQGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004251 Ammonium lactate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- -1 HYDROXY Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960004249 Sodium Acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019286 ammonium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940059265 ammonium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L17/00—Materials for surgical sutures or for ligaturing blood vessels ; Materials for prostheses or catheters
- A61L17/14—Post-treatment to improve physical properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/192—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
United States Patent ALKANOIC ACID AND HYDROXY ALKANOIC ACID SALT SO-FTENING 0F TANNED COL- LAGEN STRANDS Ernest J. Rich, Jr., Edison, N.J., assignor to Ethicon, Inc., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Filed Sept. 30, 1965, Ser. No. 491,887 7 Claims. (Cl. 8-130.1)
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention involves heating an extruded collagen strand at 125 to 137 C. for 1 to about 3 hours in a solution of sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium or potassium lactate or the ammonium salts of acetic and lactic acid. The collagen strands are first lubricated with .4% dehydrated castor oil emulsified with .4% gelatin before the heat treatment.
The present invention relates to a method of improving the handling characteristics of tanned extruded collagen sutures.
Collagen sutures are customarily packaged in small containers containing a tubing fluid in a coiled or looped condition. When the surgeon opens the package and removes the sterile suture from the tubing fluid, the suture may show a tendency to kink or curl. This tendency is effected by such factors as the diameter of the collagen suture and the extent to which it is tanned, the composition of the tubing fluid, the length of time that the suture remained in the package prior to use and the radius of curvature of the suture while in the coiled (packaged) condition. This tendency of a collagen suture to kink or curl may be observed if the suture, after removal from the tubing fluid, is straightened and placed on a level smooth surface. This characteristic of some sutures and other plastic materials to return to the coiled or looped form that existed during packaging and storage, has been referred to as memory. Collagen sutures that exhibit this memory effect are also too stiff and wiry for the surgeon to handle most effectively, it being particularly difficult with such material to form tight and secure knots.
Surgeons prefer the handling characteristics of a collagen strand that is limp and supple as such a strand will conform closely to soft body tissues without undue pressure and may be tied down and securely placed in the exact desired position.
It is the object of the present invention therefore, to improve the handling characteristics of extruded tanned collagen sutures.
Another object of this invention is to reduce the tendency of an extruded collagen suture to kink and curl.
In accordance with the present invention, the handling characteristics of extruded tanned collagen sutures are improved by heating such sutures that have been treated with the salt of a weak organic acid at temperatures in the range of about 125 C. to about 137 C. for approximately one to three hours. Sodium acetate is a preferred salt for purposes of the present invention, but potassium acetate, and sodium and potassium lactate and the ammonium salts of weak organic acids are also suitable. Heating a collagen suture at temperatures up to 137 C. in the absence of prior treatment of the suture with the salt of a weak organic acid improves the handling properties of the suture but has a detrimental effect on its dry knot tensile strength.
It will be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description as Well 3,413,079 Patented Nov. 26, 1968 are exemplary and explanatory but are not restrictive of the invention. In all of the examples that follow, the collagen ribbon is prepared by the method described in Example X of United States Patent No. 3,114,372.
EXAMPLE I A collagen ribbon approximately 4 mils thick and 60 mils wide in chrome tanned and twisted into a round strand by the method described in Example I of United States Patent No. 3,189,401. The dried and rounded 1U strand is passed through an aqueous emulsion of dehydrated castor oil having the following composition:
Parts by weight Dehydrated castor oil 0.4 Gelatine 0.4
Ammonia 0.8
Water 98.4
The strand is then dried by passing through an oven at 35 C. and is taken up on a drum and cut into appropriate lengths. The bundle of sutures so obtained is then allowed to stand overnight at ambient conditions. One half of the bundle is placed in an oven at C. for two hours and the other half is placed in an oven at 137 C. for two hours. Samples of the material are also retained for testing Without any heat setting. The dry knot strength of these samples is summarized in Table No. 1.
EXAMPLE 11 Material from the same lot of collagen ribbon used in Example I is finished by passing it through the same process in which it is chrome tanned and twisted into a round strand, dried and then passed through an aqueous bath containing 3.0% sodium acetate and 0.4% dehydrated castor oil emulsified with 0.4% gelatine. The strand is then dried by passing through an oven at 35 C. and is taken up and cut into appropriate lengths. The bundle of sutures are allowed to stand overnight at am bient conditions and then one half of the bundle is placed in an oven at 125 C. for two hours. The other half is placed in an oven at 137 C. for two hours. Samples were also retained for testing without any heat setting. The dry knot strength of these samples is summarized in Table No. 1.
EXAMPLE III Collagen ribbon is finished to form sutures by the process described in Example I. The sutures are then heat set by wrapping them in paper and placing them in an oven at 60 C. The oven temperature is then slowly increased to 125 C. over a 10-hour period and the 125 C. temperature maintained for one hour. In a similar manner, samples are heated to 137" C. and held for one hour. The dry knot strength of these samples is summarized in Table No. 1.
EXAMPLE IV Collagen ribbons are finished to form sutures by the process described in Example II. The sutures are then wrapped in paper and heat set at 125 C. and 137 C. as described in Example In. The dry knot strength of these samples is summarized in Table 1.
EXAMPLE V Collagen ribbon is tanned and twisted to form a round strand by the procedure described in Example II above. The sodium acetate present in the emulsion of dehydrated castor oil is replaced with an equal quantity (3% by weight) of a salt of a weak organic acid. In separate ex periments potassium acetate, potassium lactate, ammo nium lactate, ammonium acetate, sodium lactate and po tassium acetate are substituted for the sodium acetate. The dry knot strength of these samples is summarized in Table 1.
EXAMPLE VI Collagen ribbon is tanned and twisted to form a round strand in accordance with the procedure described in Example II above. In separate experiments the amount of sodium acetate present in the emulsion of dehydrated castor oil is varied between 1% and 10% by Weight. The dry knot strength of these samples is summarized in 11) Table l.
alkanoic and short chain hydroxyalkanoic acids to the strand; and, heating the strand at a temperature of about 125 C. to about 137 C. for from about one to about three r hours.
2. In the method of producing a flexible extruded collagen strand the steps of:
tanning an extruded collagen strand; drying the tanned collagen strand so obtained; applying a solution containing the salt of a weak organic acid from the group consisting of short chain alkanoic and short chain hydroxyalkanoic acids to v w v the strand; l heating the strand at a temperature below 100 C. for
Dry knot (pounds) 15 a period of time sufficient to dry the strand; and, heating the strand at a temperature of about 125 C. to
S St] n =1 1* N 11: 11 h m n MGM 110?? St ll sht about 137 C. for from about one to about three set 125 C. 137 hours. 1 4.11s 4. 7n 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the salt is sodium it :3? 2113 20 acetam- It] 51in 5:19, 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the salt is sodium i: i 2-3 4: lactate.
1'7. O. w 5.3 5.7 5. The method of clalm 1 wherein the salt is potas- {F i sium acetate. 5;; sir; 5'. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the salt is potas- Q; sium lactate. \:1 514 51; 5I 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the concentration 2. e of the salt in solution is between about 1% and 5% by y 9195 fe' weight. 2 3; g: References Cited Q. gig 3:23 M UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,374,202 4/1945 Highberger et a]. 8l27 XR 2,828,181 3/1958 SOOkne 8l27.5
What is claimed is: 15
FOREIGN PATENTS 1. In the method of producing a flexible extruded col- 536,104 5/1941 Great Britain.
lagen strand the steps of:
tanning an extruded collagen strand; applying a solution containing the salt of a weak organic acid from the group consisting of short chain NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner.
4i DONALD LEVY, Assistant Examiner.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 5,413,079 November 26, 1968 Ernest J. Rich, Jr.
It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 4, line 33, "2,374,202" should read 2,374,201
Signed and sealed this 10th day of March 1970.
(SEAL) Attest:
Edward M. Fletcher, Jr.
Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3413079A true US3413079A (en) | 1968-11-26 |
Family
ID=3459724
Family Applications (1)
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US491887A Expired - Lifetime US3413079A (en) | Alkanoic acid and hydroxy alkanoic acid salt softening of tanned collagen strands |
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4027676A (en) * | 1975-01-07 | 1977-06-07 | Ethicon, Inc. | Coated sutures |
US5051272A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1991-09-24 | United States Surgical Corporation | Method for improving the storage stability of a polymeric article susceptible to hydrolytic degradation and resulting article |
US5222978A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1993-06-29 | United States Surgical Corporation | Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements |
US5226912A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1993-07-13 | United States Surgical Corporation | Combined surgical needle-braided suture device |
US5306289A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1994-04-26 | United States Surgical Corporation | Braided suture of improved characteristics |
US5359831A (en) * | 1989-08-01 | 1994-11-01 | United States Surgical Corporation | Molded suture retainer |
US5366081A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1994-11-22 | United States Surgical Corporation | Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements |
US5447966A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1995-09-05 | United States Surgical Corporation | Treating bioabsorbable surgical articles by coating with glycerine, polalkyleneoxide block copolymer and gelatin |
US5584857A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-12-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Suture coating and tubing fluid |
US5584858A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-12-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Tubing fluid |
US5925065A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1999-07-20 | United States Surgical Corporation | Coated gut suture |
US5939191A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1999-08-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Coated gut suture |
US10670289B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2020-06-02 | Ademco Inc. | Devices and methods for interacting with an HVAC controller |
US10782043B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2020-09-22 | Ademco Inc. | User interaction with building controller device using a remote server and a duplex connection |
-
0
- US US491887A patent/US3413079A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4027676A (en) * | 1975-01-07 | 1977-06-07 | Ethicon, Inc. | Coated sutures |
US5468252A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1995-11-21 | United States Surgical Corporation | Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements |
US5226912A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1993-07-13 | United States Surgical Corporation | Combined surgical needle-braided suture device |
US5306289A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1994-04-26 | United States Surgical Corporation | Braided suture of improved characteristics |
US5366081A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1994-11-22 | United States Surgical Corporation | Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements |
US5222978A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1993-06-29 | United States Surgical Corporation | Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements |
US5447966A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1995-09-05 | United States Surgical Corporation | Treating bioabsorbable surgical articles by coating with glycerine, polalkyleneoxide block copolymer and gelatin |
US5051272A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1991-09-24 | United States Surgical Corporation | Method for improving the storage stability of a polymeric article susceptible to hydrolytic degradation and resulting article |
US5359831A (en) * | 1989-08-01 | 1994-11-01 | United States Surgical Corporation | Molded suture retainer |
US5925065A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1999-07-20 | United States Surgical Corporation | Coated gut suture |
US5939191A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1999-08-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Coated gut suture |
US5584858A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-12-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Tubing fluid |
US5584857A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-12-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Suture coating and tubing fluid |
US10670289B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2020-06-02 | Ademco Inc. | Devices and methods for interacting with an HVAC controller |
US10782043B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2020-09-22 | Ademco Inc. | User interaction with building controller device using a remote server and a duplex connection |
US11543143B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2023-01-03 | Ademco Inc. | Devices and methods for interacting with an HVAC controller |
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