US3407038A - Shredded carbonaceous fiber compactions and method of making the same - Google Patents
Shredded carbonaceous fiber compactions and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011233 carbonaceous binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013305 flexible fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/522—Graphite
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
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- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/12—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
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- C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
Definitions
- This invention relates to new and useful forms of carbon and graphite, and more particularly, the invention rclates to compactions of shredded fibers of carbonized or graphitized textile fabrics.
- shredded fiber relates to material obtained by reducing a woven carbon or graphite textile fabric to a completely fibrous mass consisting of short lengths of randomly oriented fibers.
- the manufactured graphite which is available is often usuable in certain refractory applications which require an exceptionally light weight material which is resistant to thermal shock.
- manufactured carbon articles which have a higher strength to density ratio than is presently available is sometimes also in demand.
- the principal object of the invention is to provide a form of manufactured carbon and manufactured graphite which has a high strength to density ratio.
- the object of the invention is accomplished by a carbonaceous article which comprises a molded compaction of shredded fibers of a carbonized or graphitized woven fabric; the shredded fiber being bound together by a carbonized or graphitized carbonizable binder.
- the compacted carbonaceous article of the invention may be provided by mixing shredded pieces of carbonized or graphitized woven fabric with a suitable carbonizable 3,407,033 Patented Oct. 22, 1968 binder, molding the mixture to the desired shape under pressure and carbonizing or graphitizing the carbonizable binder as desired. If convenient, the mixture can be shaped and the binder carbonized or graphitized concurrently. It will be appreciated that if a shaped compaction of shredded pieces of textile carbon and carbonizable binder is heated to graphitizing temperatures in order to graphitize the binder, the shredded pieces of textile carbon will likewise be graphitized.
- thermosetting binders for use in the practice of the invention are those which deposit the highest amount of a bond forming carbonizable coke.
- a specific preferred binder is a mixture comprising 50% by weight phenolic resin, 25% by weight furfuryl alcohol and 25% by weight furfural.
- the binder to shredded pieces of woven fabric ratio may vary from 1:3 to 1:2.
- the articles of the subject invention are formed by molding under pressure to the desired shape a mixture of shredded pieces of carbon or graphite woven fabrics and a suitable carbonizable thermosetting binder and concurrently therewith or subsequent thereto, as desired, heating the shaped article to a carbonizing or graphitizing temperature.
- a specific example of the preparation of a shaped article which comprises carbon bonded shredded pieces of carbon cloth is the following:
- EXAMPLE I A 9%" diameter x 3" thick article was fabricated from a mixture of shredded carbon cloth and the preferred binder mixture set forth above. The shredded pieces of cloth to binder mixture was in a 2:1 ratio and was formed into an article at pressure of 750 p.s.i. and cured for 6 hours at approximately C. Carbonization of the binder was carried out by packing the article in coke in a double sagger. The larger sagger was inverted over the smaller which formed an annular space between the two. This space was filled with a 3" layer of charcoal and a 2" layer of sand which formed a seal and prevented oxidation during baking. A heating rate of 10 C./hr. to 600 C., 60 C./hr. to 800 C. with a two hour hold was employed.
- a specific example of the preparation of a shaped article composed of carbon bonded shredded pieces of graphite cloth is the following:-
- EXAMPLE II A number of articles comprising shredded pieces of graphite cloth and binder were shaped and compacted under a pressure of 750 psi
- the binder in each instance consisted of a mixture of 50% by weight phenolic resin, 25 by weight furfuryl acohol and 25 by weight furfural.
- the shaped articles were 9%inches in diameter and 2 /2inches thick. These samples were placed vertical- Table II Bulk density, g./cm. Flexural strength, p.s.i.:
- Such articles are quite distinct from conventional laminates in that they have a lower degree of fiber orientation. They are also different from conventional solid carbon forms in their strength to weight ratio and elastic modulus.
- EXAMPLE III Compacted and shaped articles composed of carbon bonded shredded pieces of graphite cloth which were prepared according to Example II were reduced to a size suitable for packing in a graphite sagger 20 inches long and having a 9 inch inside diameter.
- the top and bottom of the sagger had small holes to provide for escape of the volatiles which were evolved during graphitization.
- the sagger was placed in the hot zone of a 10" tube furnace and was heated to a temperature of 2800 C. in four hours. During graphitiziation, the furnace was swept with nitrogen at the rate of 6 to 12 cubic feet per hour to remove the evolving volatiles. After cooling to approximately 500 C. the articles were removed.
- a specific example of the preparation of an all graphitic article obtained by the concurrent graphitization of a compacted carbon bonded shredded carbon cloth article is the following:
- EXAMPLE IV An article fabricated and processed according to the method set forth in Example I was graphitized in the manner set forth in Example III, except that the heating rate was decreased such that approximately 8 hours were required to graphitize to 2800 C. This extended heating rate prevents cracks due to increased shrinkage and allows a longer period for the escape of additional volatile matter in the carbon cloth.
- the all graphitic articles of the invention are distinct from conventional laminates due to the lower degree of orientation of the fibers. This highly random distribution of the fibers will be appreciated from the accompanying photomicrograph.
- the all graphitic articles of the invention are useful as substrates for pyrolytic carbon, vapor deposited tungsten and other high temperature coatings as well as back-ups for free standing inserts of tungsten, pyrolytic carbon and graphite. This material should also find wide applications in low erosion areas such as entrance caps, exit cones, and blast tubes for missiles and rockets.
- Table V below compares the bulk density, fiexural strength, electrical resistivity, coefiicient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity values for conven- Table III tionally prepared graphite, graphite cloth laminates and lk density, j fi 1 the shredded textile fiber compactions of the invention.
- Fl l Strength i The graphite cloth laminates referred to are prepared w grain 1700 by coating the ad acent surfaces of a plurality of sheets A i grain 500 of graphite cloth with a carbonaceous binder, laminat- Youngs modulus: ing the sheets together with heat and pressure and finally With grain .78 further heating the laminate to carbonize or graphitize against grain .24 the binder.
- W.G. Wltl1 grain.
- N .A. N0t available.
- the subject shredded graphite and carbon textile fiber compactions are much stronger in the against grain direction than are graphite cloth laminates and thus can be used in certain load bearing applications where a force is exerted on the graphite body in both the with and against grain directions.
- the shredded graphite fiber compactions of the invention have a thermal conductivity in the against the grain direction which is much less than conventionally produced graphite. This is an important feature in that it is desirable in certain applications for a graphite article to have an exceptionally low total thermal conductivity while its thermal conductivity is lower in one direction than in the other.
- the manufactured carbon and graphite shredded fiber compactions of the invention may of course, be molded in various shapes and geometric patterns.
- a unique compacted carbonaceous article which has been manufactured by shaping under pressure a mass of randomly oriented shredded fibers of a carbonaceous ture which comprises reducing a woven carbonaceous textile fabric to a completely fibrous mass consisting of short lengths of randomly oriented fibers, mixing said randomly oriented fibers with a carbonizable binder selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, pitches and mixtures thereof, shaping under pressure the mixture of randomly oriented fibers and binder to form a compacted article, and heating said article to a temperature sufficient to carbonize said binder.
Description
Oct. 22, 1968 w. c. BEASLEY SHREDDED CARBONACEOUS FIBER COMPACTIONS AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed July 9, 1962 INVENTOR- WILLIAM c. BEASLEY BY 54w ATTORNEY United States Patent York Filed July 9, 1962, Ser. No. 208,510 8 Claims. (Cl. 23209.2)
This invention relates to new and useful forms of carbon and graphite, and more particularly, the invention rclates to compactions of shredded fibers of carbonized or graphitized textile fabrics.
Manufactured carbon and graphite in a flexible textile form has recently become available.
United States Patent 3,011,981, issued Dec. 5, 1961 to W. T. Soltes discloses a method for manufacuring textile carbon from fibrous and substantially pure cellulosic materials, such as strands, skeins, ropes, fabrics and batting pads. The textile carbon product is reported to be electrically conductive while retaining the flexibility and other physical characteristics of the textile starting material.
Electrically conductive graphite in a flexible fiber and fabric form is reported in Metal Progress, May 1959, pp. 115-116, and is commercially available in any textile form such as yarns, braids, felts, and woven or knit fabrics.
As used herein and in the appended claims the term shredded fiber relates to material obtained by reducing a woven carbon or graphite textile fabric to a completely fibrous mass consisting of short lengths of randomly oriented fibers.
Manufactured graphite articles which conventionally are fabricated from either a lampblack or a petroleum coke base material have found a myriad of uses. Today, with the ever increasing demand for high temperature resistant materials, graphite has become a refractory workhorse in scores of industrial and military applications. The properties of any particular piece of manufactured graphite depend on the raw materials used as well as the method of manufacture. It has long been attempted in the art to control these variables so that a manufactured graphite article having desired properties may be produced at will. Unfortunately, attempts to produce a manufactured graphite article characterized by low density and a high strength modulus, that is to say, a high strength to density ratio have not been completely successful. As a result, the manufactured graphite which is available is often usuable in certain refractory applications which require an exceptionally light weight material which is resistant to thermal shock. In addition, manufactured carbon articles which have a higher strength to density ratio than is presently available, is sometimes also in demand.
With these limitations in mind, the principal object of the invention is to provide a form of manufactured carbon and manufactured graphite which has a high strength to density ratio.
Broadly stated, the object of the invention is accomplished by a carbonaceous article which comprises a molded compaction of shredded fibers of a carbonized or graphitized woven fabric; the shredded fiber being bound together by a carbonized or graphitized carbonizable binder.
In the accompanying drawing, the sole figure is a photomicrograph which has been magnified 500 times and which shows the low fiber orientation of an all graphitic compacted and shaped article which is typical of the invention.
The compacted carbonaceous article of the invention may be provided by mixing shredded pieces of carbonized or graphitized woven fabric with a suitable carbonizable 3,407,033 Patented Oct. 22, 1968 binder, molding the mixture to the desired shape under pressure and carbonizing or graphitizing the carbonizable binder as desired. If convenient, the mixture can be shaped and the binder carbonized or graphitized concurrently. It will be appreciated that if a shaped compaction of shredded pieces of textile carbon and carbonizable binder is heated to graphitizing temperatures in order to graphitize the binder, the shredded pieces of textile carbon will likewise be graphitized.
Among the many suitable binders for use in the practice of the invention are phenolics, pitches, epoxies, furfural, furfuryl alcohol and combinations of these resins. The preferred thermosetting binders for use in the practice of the invention are those which deposit the highest amount of a bond forming carbonizable coke. A specific preferred binder is a mixture comprising 50% by weight phenolic resin, 25% by weight furfuryl alcohol and 25% by weight furfural. The binder to shredded pieces of woven fabric ratio may vary from 1:3 to 1:2.
As outlined above, the articles of the subject invention are formed by molding under pressure to the desired shape a mixture of shredded pieces of carbon or graphite woven fabrics and a suitable carbonizable thermosetting binder and concurrently therewith or subsequent thereto, as desired, heating the shaped article to a carbonizing or graphitizing temperature.
A specific example of the preparation of a shaped article which comprises carbon bonded shredded pieces of carbon cloth is the following:
EXAMPLE I A 9%" diameter x 3" thick article was fabricated from a mixture of shredded carbon cloth and the preferred binder mixture set forth above. The shredded pieces of cloth to binder mixture was in a 2:1 ratio and was formed into an article at pressure of 750 p.s.i. and cured for 6 hours at approximately C. Carbonization of the binder was carried out by packing the article in coke in a double sagger. The larger sagger was inverted over the smaller which formed an annular space between the two. This space was filled with a 3" layer of charcoal and a 2" layer of sand which formed a seal and prevented oxidation during baking. A heating rate of 10 C./hr. to 600 C., 60 C./hr. to 800 C. with a two hour hold was employed.
Typical properties at room temperature for such articles are reported in Table I below.
A specific example of the preparation of a shaped article composed of carbon bonded shredded pieces of graphite cloth is the following:-
EXAMPLE II A number of articles comprising shredded pieces of graphite cloth and binder were shaped and compacted under a pressure of 750 psi The binder in each instance consisted of a mixture of 50% by weight phenolic resin, 25 by weight furfuryl acohol and 25 by weight furfural. The shaped articles were 9%inches in diameter and 2 /2inches thick. These samples were placed vertical- Table II Bulk density, g./cm. Flexural strength, p.s.i.:
With grain 1700 Against grain 300 Elastic modulus, p.s.i. l
With grain 1.13
Against grain .32 Resistivity, ohm-cm:
With grain .010
Against grain .024
Such articles are quite distinct from conventional laminates in that they have a lower degree of fiber orientation. They are also different from conventional solid carbon forms in their strength to weight ratio and elastic modulus.
A specific example of the preparation of an all graphite shaped article composed of graphite bonded shredded pieces of graphite cloth is the following:
EXAMPLE III Compacted and shaped articles composed of carbon bonded shredded pieces of graphite cloth which were prepared according to Example II were reduced to a size suitable for packing in a graphite sagger 20 inches long and having a 9 inch inside diameter. The top and bottom of the sagger had small holes to provide for escape of the volatiles which were evolved during graphitization. The sagger was placed in the hot zone of a 10" tube furnace and was heated to a temperature of 2800 C. in four hours. During graphitiziation, the furnace was swept with nitrogen at the rate of 6 to 12 cubic feet per hour to remove the evolving volatiles. After cooling to approximately 500 C. the articles were removed.
Typical properties at room temperature for these articles are reported in Table III below.
4 Resistivity, ohm-cm.:
With grain .003 Against grain .007
A specific example of the preparation of an all graphitic article obtained by the concurrent graphitization of a compacted carbon bonded shredded carbon cloth article is the following:
EXAMPLE IV An article fabricated and processed according to the method set forth in Example I was graphitized in the manner set forth in Example III, except that the heating rate was decreased such that approximately 8 hours were required to graphitize to 2800 C. This extended heating rate prevents cracks due to increased shrinkage and allows a longer period for the escape of additional volatile matter in the carbon cloth.
Typical room temperature properties for this article is reported in Table IV.
Table IV Bulk density, g./cm. Flexural strength, p.s.i.:
With grain 2000 Against grain 700 Elastic modulus, p.s.i. 10
With grain .93
Against grain .40 Resistivity, ohm-cm:
With grain .005
Against grain .009
The all graphitic articles of the invention are distinct from conventional laminates due to the lower degree of orientation of the fibers. This highly random distribution of the fibers will be appreciated from the accompanying photomicrograph.
The all graphitic articles of the invention are useful as substrates for pyrolytic carbon, vapor deposited tungsten and other high temperature coatings as well as back-ups for free standing inserts of tungsten, pyrolytic carbon and graphite. This material should also find wide applications in low erosion areas such as entrance caps, exit cones, and blast tubes for missiles and rockets.
Table V below compares the bulk density, fiexural strength, electrical resistivity, coefiicient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity values for conven- Table III tionally prepared graphite, graphite cloth laminates and lk density, j fi 1 the shredded textile fiber compactions of the invention. Fl l Strength i; The graphite cloth laminates referred to are prepared w grain 1700 by coating the ad acent surfaces of a plurality of sheets A i grain 500 of graphite cloth with a carbonaceous binder, laminat- Youngs modulus: ing the sheets together with heat and pressure and finally With grain .78 further heating the laminate to carbonize or graphitize Against grain .24 the binder.
TABLE V Conventional graphite Graphite cloth Shredded graphite Shredded graphite laminates Shredded fiber compaction fiber-graphite carbon fiber bonded compaction Property Lampblaek Petroleum Carbon Graphite compactions Carbon Graphite fiber and binder grabase coke base bonded bonded bonded bonded phitlzed concurrently Bulk Density, gJem. 1.53 1. 8 1.19 1.1 Flexural Strength lbs/in): 5 6 94 1 15 1 10 W G 2, 400 2, 600 2, 200 3, 200 1, 400 1, 700 1, 700 2, 000 A. G 1, see 1, e00 50 1oo 900 300 500 700 Resistivity, ohm-arm:
.0212 ((1)225 022 042 003 005 CIT'E-Xi fifig 30 .031 .025 .007 .009
45-50 35. e 41. 8 34. 7 N.A.- 36. 5 34. 4 N.A;
15-20 -120 NA: 14-21 2. 5 3. 8 17-21 N.A. 15-20 50-70 N.A. 5-15 1. 2 1. 8 6-12 NJl:
W.G.=Wltl1 grain.
N .A. =N0t available.-
From a study of the table it will be appreciated that the subject shredded graphite and carbon textile fiber compactions are much stronger in the against grain direction than are graphite cloth laminates and thus can be used in certain load bearing applications where a force is exerted on the graphite body in both the with and against grain directions. Also, the shredded graphite fiber compactions of the invention have a thermal conductivity in the against the grain direction which is much less than conventionally produced graphite. This is an important feature in that it is desirable in certain applications for a graphite article to have an exceptionally low total thermal conductivity while its thermal conductivity is lower in one direction than in the other.
The manufactured carbon and graphite shredded fiber compactions of the invention, may of course, be molded in various shapes and geometric patterns.
I claim:
1. A unique compacted carbonaceous article which has been manufactured by shaping under pressure a mass of randomly oriented shredded fibers of a carbonaceous ture which comprises reducing a woven carbonaceous textile fabric to a completely fibrous mass consisting of short lengths of randomly oriented fibers, mixing said randomly oriented fibers with a carbonizable binder selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, pitches and mixtures thereof, shaping under pressure the mixture of randomly oriented fibers and binder to form a compacted article, and heating said article to a temperature sufficient to carbonize said binder.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein said shaping of said article and carbonizing of said binder is done concurrently.
6. The process of claim 4 wherein said woven carbonaceous textile fabric is graphite.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein said article is heated to a temperature sufficient to graphitize said binder.
8. The process of claim 4 wherein said article is heated to a temperature sufficient to graphitize said randomly oriented fibers of said woven carbonaceous textile fabric and graphitize said binder.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,896,070 2/1933 Cherry. 2,003,232 5/1935 Benge. 3,05 3,775 9/ 1962 Abbott 25 2-5 01 3,238,054 3/1966 Bickerdike et al.
ROBERT F. BURNETT, Primary Examiner.
R. H. CRISS, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A UNIQUE COMPACTED CARBONACEOUS ARTICLE WHICH HAS BEEN MANUFACTURD BY SHAPING UNDER PRESSURE A MASS OF RANDOMLY ORIENTED SHREDDED FIBERS OF A CARBONACEOUS WOVEN TEXTILE MATERIAL AND A CARBONIZABLE BONDING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THERMOSETTING RESINS, PITCHES AND MIXTURES THEREOF, AND SUBSEQUENTLY CARBONIZING SAID BONDING AGENT.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US208510A US3407038A (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1962-07-09 | Shredded carbonaceous fiber compactions and method of making the same |
GB22987/63A GB1049661A (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1963-06-10 | Improvements in and relating to carbon articles |
FR939638A FR1361676A (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1963-06-27 | Compact pieces in carbon fibers, shredded |
DEU9950A DE1213334B (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1963-07-09 | Foerm body made of carbonaceous material and a carbonaceous binder and process for their manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US208510A US3407038A (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1962-07-09 | Shredded carbonaceous fiber compactions and method of making the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3407038A true US3407038A (en) | 1968-10-22 |
Family
ID=22774852
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US208510A Expired - Lifetime US3407038A (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1962-07-09 | Shredded carbonaceous fiber compactions and method of making the same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3407038A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1213334B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1361676A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1049661A (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3908061A (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1975-09-23 | Dow Chemical Co | Composite materials comprising resin matrix and carbon fibers |
US3914395A (en) * | 1972-04-03 | 1975-10-21 | Avco Corp | Process for the manufacture of high strength carbon/carbon graphitic composites |
US3927157A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1975-12-16 | Hitco | High temperature resistant products and methods for making the same |
USB414028I5 (en) * | 1973-11-08 | 1976-02-17 | ||
US3943213A (en) * | 1970-04-06 | 1976-03-09 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Method for manufacturing high temperature graphite fiber-graphite composites |
US3991169A (en) * | 1974-03-13 | 1976-11-09 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the production of porous carbon sheet |
DE2554606B1 (en) * | 1975-12-04 | 1977-02-17 | Conradty Fa C | MOLDED CARBON BODIES, IN PARTICULAR CARBON ELECTRODE |
US4026998A (en) * | 1975-01-03 | 1977-05-31 | Coal Industry (Patents) Limited | Carbon artefacts |
US4115528A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1978-09-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating a carbon electrode substrate |
US4350672A (en) * | 1976-02-25 | 1982-09-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Binderless carbon or graphite articles |
US4506028A (en) * | 1981-12-29 | 1985-03-19 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for preparing a fuel cell electrode substrate comprising carbon fibers |
US4849200A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1989-07-18 | Nippon Oil Company, Limited | Process for fabricating carbon/carbon composite |
US4956131A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1990-09-11 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell electrode substrate incorporating separator as an intercooler and process for preparation thereof |
US20090025431A1 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-01-29 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Furnace for fabricating a glass preform or an optical fiber |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1646576C2 (en) * | 1967-03-08 | 1979-03-01 | Hoesch Werke Ag, 4600 Dortmung | Ramming mix for metallurgical furnaces |
US4297307A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-10-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing carbon-carbon fiber composites suitable for use as aircraft brake discs |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1896070A (en) * | 1931-06-17 | 1933-02-07 | Economy Fuse And Mfg Company | Molded gear |
US2003232A (en) * | 1933-05-15 | 1935-05-28 | Continental Diamond Fibre Co | Hollow articles, such as pipe fittings and the like, and method of making the same |
US3053775A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1962-09-11 | Carbon Wool Corp | Method for carbonizing fibers |
US3238054A (en) * | 1959-07-02 | 1966-03-01 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Method for producing a composite carbon article and articles produced thereby |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2796331A (en) * | 1954-06-09 | 1957-06-18 | Pittsburgh Coke & Chemical Co | Process for making fibrous carbon |
GB810509A (en) * | 1955-07-22 | 1959-03-18 | Siemens Planiawerke Ag | Improvements in or relating to the production of impregnated porous bodies |
FR1236007A (en) * | 1959-06-01 | 1960-07-15 | Lorraine Carbone | Manufacturing process for dense and impermeable graphite parts |
US2997739A (en) * | 1959-08-17 | 1961-08-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Binder curing of fibrous masses |
-
1962
- 1962-07-09 US US208510A patent/US3407038A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1963
- 1963-06-10 GB GB22987/63A patent/GB1049661A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-06-27 FR FR939638A patent/FR1361676A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-07-09 DE DEU9950A patent/DE1213334B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1896070A (en) * | 1931-06-17 | 1933-02-07 | Economy Fuse And Mfg Company | Molded gear |
US2003232A (en) * | 1933-05-15 | 1935-05-28 | Continental Diamond Fibre Co | Hollow articles, such as pipe fittings and the like, and method of making the same |
US3238054A (en) * | 1959-07-02 | 1966-03-01 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Method for producing a composite carbon article and articles produced thereby |
US3053775A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1962-09-11 | Carbon Wool Corp | Method for carbonizing fibers |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3927157A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1975-12-16 | Hitco | High temperature resistant products and methods for making the same |
US3943213A (en) * | 1970-04-06 | 1976-03-09 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Method for manufacturing high temperature graphite fiber-graphite composites |
US3908061A (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1975-09-23 | Dow Chemical Co | Composite materials comprising resin matrix and carbon fibers |
US3914395A (en) * | 1972-04-03 | 1975-10-21 | Avco Corp | Process for the manufacture of high strength carbon/carbon graphitic composites |
US3993738A (en) * | 1973-11-08 | 1976-11-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | High strength graphite and method for preparing same |
USB414028I5 (en) * | 1973-11-08 | 1976-02-17 | ||
US3991169A (en) * | 1974-03-13 | 1976-11-09 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the production of porous carbon sheet |
US4026998A (en) * | 1975-01-03 | 1977-05-31 | Coal Industry (Patents) Limited | Carbon artefacts |
DE2554606B1 (en) * | 1975-12-04 | 1977-02-17 | Conradty Fa C | MOLDED CARBON BODIES, IN PARTICULAR CARBON ELECTRODE |
US4350672A (en) * | 1976-02-25 | 1982-09-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Binderless carbon or graphite articles |
US4115528A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1978-09-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating a carbon electrode substrate |
US4506028A (en) * | 1981-12-29 | 1985-03-19 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for preparing a fuel cell electrode substrate comprising carbon fibers |
US4956131A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1990-09-11 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell electrode substrate incorporating separator as an intercooler and process for preparation thereof |
US4849200A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1989-07-18 | Nippon Oil Company, Limited | Process for fabricating carbon/carbon composite |
US20090025431A1 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-01-29 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Furnace for fabricating a glass preform or an optical fiber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1361676A (en) | 1964-05-22 |
GB1049661A (en) | 1966-11-30 |
DE1213334B (en) | 1966-03-24 |
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