US3225581A

US3225581A - Metal forming process for shaping ends of tubes

Info

Publication number: US3225581A
Application number: US132868A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hinderer Gottlob
Original assignee: PRICE PFISTER BRASS Mfg Co
Current assignee: Spectrum Brands Inc
Priority date: 1961-08-21
Filing date: 1961-08-21
Publication date: 1965-12-28
Anticipated expiration: 1982-12-28

Description

Dec. 28, 1965 G. HINDERER 3,

METAL FORMING PROCESS FOR SHAPING ENDS OF TUBES Filed Aug. 21, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. 60774 05 Jib/0595 z/M M71474 United States Patent 3,225,581 METAL FORD LING PROCESS FUR SHAPING ENDS OF TUBES Gottlob Hinderer, Sylmar, Calif., assignor to Price-Ffister Brass Mfg. (10., Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Filed Aug. 21, 1961, Ser. No. 132,868 6 Claims. (Ci. 72-370) This invention relates to metal forming, and particularly to the forming of the ends of tubes to provide an inherently reinforced enlarged head or flange for the tube.

Such metal forming may be applied, as in one example, to copper tubing or brass tubing or the like, to provide a curved flange at one end; the flange is used for attaching the tube to a fitting, such as the inlet side of a faucet. The tube may be coupled to the inlet, as for a wash basin faucet, to connect the faucet to a shut-off valve located below the basin.

It has been common practice to provide a separate reinforcing ring about the enlarged end of the tube, so as to make it possible to strongly urge the tube end into firm contact with the coupling. Such fabrication of the tube is expensive, involved operations being necessary.

It is one of the objects of this invention to make it possible to join the tube end so as to provide reinforcement at the end, and this is accomplished without the addition of reinforcing rings.

It is another object of the invention to make it possible to supply, at little cost, a tubular plumbers fitting made of an integral tube and providing a reinforced head.

In order to accomplish these results, a series of forming tools or punches is used, operating in succession to provide an enlargement at the end of the tube, and then reversely to bend the edge of the enlargement to form three layers of metal around the end of the tube.

This invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objects which may be made more clearly apparent from a consideration of one embodiment of the invention. For this purpose, there is shown a form in the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the present specification, and which drawings, unless described as diagrammatic, or unless as otherwise indicated, are true scale. This form will now be described in detail, illustrating the general principles of the invention; but it is to be understood that this detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, since the scope of this invention is best defined by the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic elevation of a press incorporating the invention;

FIG. 2 is a pictorial view, showing the stages of folding the end of the tube;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view, showing the manner in which the tube may be attached to a fitting;

FIG. 4 is a View, mainly in section, illustrating the means for accomplishing the first step in the process of forming the tube, the blank and the punch structure being shown ready for the punching operation;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, but illustrating the completion of the first step, and enlarged;

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, but illustrating the completion of the second step in which there is a further enlargement formed at the end of the tube;

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 4, illustrating the completion of the third or last step; and

FIGS. 7a and 7b are views similar to FIG. 7, illustrating intermediate positions of the punches.

A tube blank 1 (FIGS. 1, 2(a), and 4) is adapted to be releasably clamped by the clamping structures 2. This blank is normally made of quite malleable metal such as copper, to ensure that the bending operations will not injure the tube walls.

The blank 1 is a straight tube of uniform diameter, adapted to be supplied to the clamps 2 in any conventional manner. The blank is operated upon in succession by three

punch structures

5, 6, and 7. These punch structures are supported in the present instance in vertical arrangement, upon a common support 8. This support is vertically moveable so as to align the

punch structures

5, 6, and 7, in succession with the axis of blank 1.

Each of the punch structures at its right-hand end is provided with a disc-like abutment 9, 10, or 11; and is, furthermore, longitudinally moveable in the support 8.

In the position shown in FIG. 1, the blank 1 is in alignment with the first punch structure 5. This structure 5 may be urged toward the left by a piston 12. This piston 12 can be hydraulically operated by the aid of the cylinder structure 13.

The first operation effected by the aid of punch structure 5 results in an intermediate stage b illustrated by reference character 35 in FIG. 2. This stage now includes an enlarged end 15, joined to the main body of tube 35 by the tapered shoulder 34. The second stage 0 is illustrated by reference character 36 in FIG. 2. In this stage, a further enlargement 46 is formed at the end of the tube. Finally, the last stage d corresponding to the completion of the operation by punch structure 7 is illustrated by tube 14 in FIG. 2. Here the end is reversely bent to define a spherical zone surface on the exterior.

The

punch structures

5, 6, and 7 produce the finished product, shown enlarged in FIG. 3. Here, the completed tube 14 is shown with its enlarged portion 15. Folded around this enlarged portion are two layers of material formed integrally with the tube 14 and around the outer periphery forming with the tube three layers in all. These

layers

16, 17, and 18 are quite closely folded the outer two forming a reinforced collar around the exterior of the enlarged part 15.

Furthermore, external layer 18 is curved, preferably as a spherical zone, which fits a spherical seat 19 of fitting 20. This fitting 20 may correspond to the inlet for a valve or the like.

The spherical surface formed on the external layer 18 is urged into place by the aid of a conventional nut 21 having an inwardly directed flange 22. This flange engages the loop form between the

layers

17 and 18, and urges the tube 14 tightly against the seat 19.

The first punch structure 5 is adapted to form the enlargement 15 (FIGS. 2, 3, and 5) by expanding the end of the blank 1.

The punch structure 5 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, includes the punch holder 23 of generally cylindrical form and integrally formed with the disc 9. The punch structure carries the punch proper 24, as by the aid of a threaded extremity 24b formed on the shank 24a of the punch 24. The punch 24 furthermore has an operating cylindrical portion 25 which is adapted to enter into the blank 1 so as to expand the end of the blank 1. This operating portion 25 is of slightly larger diameter than the shank 24a, and it is surrounded at a slight distance therefrom by the cylindrical walls 27 of a circular recess in the external end of the sleeve member 26. This recess communicates with an adjacent concentric recess of smaller diameter in the opposite end of the sleeve member, this smaller diameter being substantially the same as that of the aperture 28 which fits the shank 24a. This construction permits the sleeve member 26 to be attached to the shank between the punch holder 23 and the end of the tube. The punch proper 25 thus can seat against the shoulder 29 formed between the aperture 28 and the cylindrical surface 27.

The outer diameter of the punch proper and the diameter of the cylindrical surface 27 together define an annular space 30 for the reception of the expanded end 15 of the tube.

Extending from the punch proper 25 is a conical or tapered portion 31. When this tapered portion enters the end of blank 1, the expansion begins. A somewhat narrower tapered portion 32 extends to the left of the portion 31 and terminates in a cylindrical piloting end 33. Furthermore, a set screw 64 serves to hold the punch 24 securely in place in the holder 23.

When the punch structure 5 is in alignment with the blank 1, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the punch structure 5 can be urged toward the left by the aid of the piston 12. When this force is exerted, the piloting end 33 snugly enters the end of the blank 1 and continued pressure applied to the punch structure finally results in the forming of the end of the tube, as illustrated in FIG. 5, to provide the enlarged portion 15, and a tapered portion 34.

The completion of the first operation therefore is illustrated by the tube structure 35 shown in FIG. 2(b).

In order to effect the second operation resulting in the tube structure 36 shown in FIG. 2(a), first the support 8 is moved upwardly so as to align the punch structure 6 with the axis of the tube 35 (FIG. 6). The punch holder 37 serves in the same manner to support a punch 38 having a cylindrical shank 39. This cylindrical shank terminates in an extension 40 threaded into the holder 37 and held securely against removal by set screw 41.

A flange 42 integral with the punch 38 serves to hold the sleeve 43 in place against the left-hand end of the holder 37, the sleeve 43 and the cylindrical portion 44 of the punch 38 defining annular space 45 corresponding to the still further enlarged extremity 46 of the tube 36. A tapered shoulder 47 extends from the left-hand end of the cylindrical portion 44 and joins reversely tapered portion 48. The tapered portion 48 has a taper of one or two degrees, and serves to permit ready removal of the punch after it has completed its operation.

In succession, there are a cylindrical portion 49 corresponding to the diameter of the enlarged portion 15 of the tube 36, a tapered section 50 and a piloting end 51 corresponding to the internal diameter of the tube 36.

When the structure 6 is brought into alignment with the tube 35 and the piston 12, as before, force may be exerted to urge the structure toward the left to produce the configuration of tube 36, shown in FIGS. 2(0) and 6. The annular space between the sleeve 43 and the cylindrical portion 44 corresponds quite closely with the thickness of the tube wall.

After the punch structure 6 is withdrawn, the support 8 is moved one step upwardly to align the punch structure 7 with the tube 36. This punch structure 7, shown in FIG. 7, includes the holder 23 and is held as by the set screw 34 in a firmly fixed position.

The punch proper 52 includes a shank 53 and an enlarged cylindrical portion 54. This cylindrical portion 54 serves to hold the sleeve 55 tightly against the left-hand end of the holder 23. This is accomplished in the same manner as before.

The sleeve 55 defines at its left-hand end a concave spherical surface 56 (see also FIGS. 7a and 7b). This surface is that of a spherical zone having a center 57 on the axis of the finished tube 14. The larger end of the zone corresponds to the left-hand end of the sleeve. It has a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the enlarged end 46.

The punch 52 has a narrow tapered shoulder 58. The taper of this shoulder is such that the. cone elements defining this taper are centered on the center 57.

The punch 52 has in succession a cylindrical portion 59 which is about the same diameter as the internal diameter of the enlarged portion 15. The punch structure also includes the tapered shoulder 60 and a piloting end 61.

As the sleeve 55 is urged toward the left, as viewed in 4 FIGS. 7, 7a, and 7b, the enlarged end 46 of tube 36 is bent inwardly to define a spherical member 63, which ultimately forms the outermost layer 18 of FIG. 3. This inward bend is effected by continued contact of the concave zone 56 with the outer periphery of the portion 46.

The conclusion of this part of the folding is illustrated in FIG. 7a. The continued application of the compressive force toward the left exerted by the punch structure 7 causes a fold to develop shown in incipient form by reference character 62 in FIG. 7a. The bending ring 62 is formed at the inner end of the outer enlarged portion 46. Thus the bending ring is formed by the frustoconical part 47 (FIG. 6). The fold thus begun as indicated in FIG. 7a is compressed as shown in FIG. 7b and ends with a complete fold as shown in FIG. 7. To ensure that the portion 63 will not converge beyond the spherical surface 56, the small end of the zone has a stop defined by the tapered shoulder 58. This tapered shoulder thus prevents further inward movement of the metal and ensures folding to the ultimate form shown in FIGS. 3 and 7.

The inventor claims:

1. The process of making a plumbing fitting from a malleable tube of substantially uniform cross-section, which comprises: securing the tube by a clamping device so that a length of the tube is exposed beyond the device; driving a forming tool into the end of the tube to define an enlarged end that merges with the main body of the tube at a substantially conical part to form a bending ring; forcing the edge of the enlarged end progressively into a converging recess to provide an external surface contour; and applying a longitudinal compressive force between points of the tube spaced on opposite sides of said bending ring to fold material from the enlarged end rearwardly beyond the bending ring at a place spaced from said clamping device.

2. The process of making a plumbing fitting from a malleable tube of substantially uniform cross-section, which comprises: securing the tube by a clamping device so that a length of the tube is exposed beyond the device; driving a forming tool into the end of the tube to define an enlarged end that merges with the main body of the tube at a substantially conical part to form a bending ring; forcing the edge of the enlarged end into the outer area of a converging recess and against a stop at the inner area of the converging recess, and continuing the application of longitudinal force to the tube from a point beyond said bending ring to fold material from the inner portion of the enlarged end rearwardly beyond said bending ring at a place spaced from said clamping device until said material at the area of the bending ring underlies the outer portion of the enlarged end to reinforce the same.

3. The process of forming reinforcing external bands on the end of a metal tube, the outermost band having a substantially spherical surface, said process comprising: securing the tube by a clamping device so that a length of the tube is exposed beyond the device; enlarging the tube from the very end thereof to a point inwardly of the end; urging the edge of the tube against the concave surface of an annular abutment that is curved substantially as a spherical zone and forcing the edge inwardly of the spherical zone to constrict the edge of the tube and the adjoining portions thereof until the edge of the tube meets an abutment to define an opening; and continuing the force urging the end against the abutment to fold the curved end around the outer surface of the tube that is exposed beyond said clamping device.

4. The process of enlarging the end portion of a tube and forming reinforcing external bands thereon, which comprises: securing the tube by a clamping device so that a length of the tube is exposed beyond the device; enlarging the end of the tube from the very end thereof to a point inwardly of the end; forcing the edge of the enlarged end and a progressively encircling concave abutment together to form a semi-spherical convex end portion; and inserting a pressure resisiting member into the tube end, while it is traversing said concave abutment, to receive the pressure of said edge and cause the end portion of said tube to form into a reverse bend externally around the tube at a place spaced from said clamping device.

5. The process of enlarging the end portion of a tube and forming reinforcing external bands thereon, said process including the following steps: securing the tube by a clamping device so that a length of the tube is exposed beyond the device; forcing an enlarged mandril into said tube to form an enlarged portion; and then forcing the edge of the enlarged portion of said tube and a progressively encircling concave abutment together to constrict said enlarged portion adjacent said edge and to form it into a semi-spherical convex end portion and continuing the force until the convex end portion telescopes over the adjoining portion of the tube that is spaced from said clamping device to form three overlapping layers.

6. The process of enlarging the end portion of a tube and forming reinforcing external bands thereon, said process including the following steps: securing the tube by a clamping device so that a length of the tube is exposed beyond the device; forcing a first enlarging mandril into said tube to form an enlarged portion spaced from said clamping device and adjacent one end; forcing a second enlarging mandril of larger diameter than said first mandril partially into said enlarged portion to form a further enlarged segment thereof and a residual enlarged portion adjoining said segment; and then forcing the edge of the enlarged outer segment and a progressively encircling concave abutment together to form the enlarged segment adjacent said edge into a semi-spherical convex end portion and continuing the force until the residual enlarged portion of the tube telescopes into said said convex end to form three overlapping layers.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,152,858 9/1915 Stewart 15321 1,804,814 5/1931 Schultis 153-79 1,817,854 8/1931 Sorensen 15379 2,460,110 1/ 1949 Stinchcomb et a1. 285 2,552,768 5/1951 Brophy 285122 2,746,325 5/1956 Kjellberg 81--15 2,7 80,122 2/1957 McCown 81-15 2,857,666 10/1958 Beyer 29541 FOREIGN PATENTS 312,024 5/ 1929 Great Britain. 709,061 5/1954 Great Britain.

CHARLES W. LANHAM, Primary Examiner.

WH-ITMORE A. WILTZ, NEDWIN G. BERGER,

MICHAEL V. BRINDISI, Examiners.

Claims

1. THE PROCESS OF MAKING A PLUMBING FITTING FROM A MALLEABLE TUBE OF SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM CROSS-SECTION, WHICH COMPRISES: SECURING THE TUBE BY A CLAMPING DEVICE SO THAT A LENGTH OF THE TUBE IS EXPOSED BEYOND THE DEVICE; DRIVING A FORMING TOOL INTO THE END OF THE TUBE TO DEFINE AN ENLARGED END THAT MERGES WITH THE MAIN BODY OF THE TUBE AT A SUBSTANTIALLY CONICAL PART TO FORM A BENDING RING; FORCING THE EDGE OF THE ENLARGED END PROGRESSIVELY