US3211634A - Method of producing abrasive surface layers - Google Patents

Method of producing abrasive surface layers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3211634A
US3211634A US90701A US9070161A US3211634A US 3211634 A US3211634 A US 3211634A US 90701 A US90701 A US 90701A US 9070161 A US9070161 A US 9070161A US 3211634 A US3211634 A US 3211634A
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matrix
conducting layer
electrically conducting
abrasive particles
particles
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US90701A
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Manuel P Lorenzo
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A P De Sanno & Son Inc
Ap De Sanno & Son Inc
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A P De Sanno & Son Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D1/00—Electroforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0018—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by electrolytic deposition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of mounting abrasive particles.
  • a purpose of the invention is to simplify and facilitate the mounting of abrasive particles on a metallic backing.
  • a further purpose is to obtain more reliable and uniform distribution of abrasive particles on the mounting.
  • a further purpose is to anchor abrasive particles more effectively in the mounting.
  • FIGURE 1 is a central vertical section showing the making of a soft matrix in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a central vertical section showing the activation of the matrix.
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing the coating of the matrix with an electrically conducting layer.
  • FIGURE 4 is a central longitudinal section showing the application of a mask to the electricity conducting coating of the matrix.
  • FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary top plan view of the combination of the matrix and the mask of FIGURE 4 with the mask bent back to show the adhesive layer.
  • FIGURE 6 is a side elevation showing one method of applying abrasive particles to the electrically conducting layer of the matrix.
  • FIGURE 7 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section through the matrix, the electrically conducting layer and the abrasive particles of FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURE 8 is a diagrammatic vertical section showing electroplating against the portions of the matrix provided with the electrically conducting layer and the abrasive particles.
  • FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through the matrix, the electrically conducting layer, the abrasive particles and the electrodeposited layer produced in FIGURE 8.
  • FIGURE 10 is a fragmentary longitudinal section showing the complete abrasive mounting of the invention after removal of the matrix.
  • the process of making the mounting is greatly simplified and the cost is reduced. Metals more expensive than silver are not required, and very small amounts of silver are used With some other metal such as nickel to provide the mounting.
  • any one of said abrasive materials can form the particles, but diamond particles are preferred.
  • I first produce a soft matrix preferably of microcrystalline wax, but permissibly of polyethylene, polyvinyl ice chloride, polyvinyl chloride-acetate or other soft material.
  • the matrix does not conduct electricity.
  • FIGURE 1 I illustrate a mold 20 having a mold insert 21 suitably of steel provided with conical recesses 22. Into this mold is cast a matrix 23 suitably of microcrystalline wax which will conform to the contour and enter the conical recesses 22.
  • the matrix after it solidifies is stripped from the mold and next desirably activated to receive a conducting layer.
  • the activation is desirably accomplished by stannous chloride solution 24 (suitably about 5 percent by weight in water) in a tank 25 which prepares the surface 26 to receive an electrically conducting layer.
  • an electrically conducting layer 27 is deposited on the matrix.
  • Any suitable silvering technique may be used, the preferred being a Silvering spray gun 28 which sprays a silver nitrate solution 30 through a central spray nozzle and sprays a reducing agent such as sugar solution 31 through a surrounding jet so as to deposit the electrically conducting layer 27 over the active face of the matrix.
  • Silvering spray guns are available commercially and any suitable gun of this type may be used.
  • the silvered layer 27 is next dried.
  • a mask 32 having openings 33 for receiving the conical projections is placed against the electrically conducting layer 27 at the active face of the matrix.
  • the mask may suitably be of any material which will not be electrically conducting and not soluble, such as polyethylene, polyethylene chloride, rubber or the like, and is held in place by a pressure sensitive adhesive layer 34 on the surface directed toward the matrix.
  • the abrasive particles are applied so as to indent the electrically conducting layer 27 and deform the soft material of the matrix but still remain adjacent the surface. This may be accomplished by hand with or Without the use of a roller to imbed the particles, but is preferably accomplished by blowing the abrasive particles in a stream 35 of air or other gas from a spray gun 36. The particles will deform the electrically conducting layer creating sockets 37 into which the particles 38 rest.
  • the size of the abrasive particles will vary, but it is usual to employ particles of a size through 60 mesh per linear inch, through mesh per linear inch or through mesh per linear inch. Excess abrasive particles will be brushed off.
  • an electrically conducting lead 40 is applied, suitably by lifting the corner of the mask 32 and placing the lead against the electrically conducting layer 27 and pressing the adhesive of the mask down to hold the lead.
  • the matrix is placed in an electroplating bath 41 in a suitable tank 42 in spaced relation to a suitable anode 43, and metal 44 is electrodeposited on the electrically conducting layer 27 and on the particles 38, thus anchoring and holding the abrasive particles in place.
  • the metal used for electroplating will preferably be nickel or may permissibly be copper, iron, lead or tin.
  • Additional back-up metal can be applied by electroplating as desired.
  • the extremely thin electrically conducting layer 27 will of course readily be removed during service.
  • the mountings of the invention are very easily and inexpensively made, and are strong and serviceable.
  • One of the great advantages is that a large amount, almost all of the valuable abrasive particles, are availble for use.
  • the method of producing an abrasive surface layer which comprises producing a deformable electrically nonconducting matrix havingthe desired contour of the surface lay-er, coating the matrix with a thin deformable electrically conducting layer, mounting abrasive particles in the electrically conducting layer by deforming the matrix and the said conducting layer, after completing the mounting electrodepositing anchoring metal over the abrasive particles and the intervening portion of the electrically conducting layer, and removing the matrix so as to expose for use the surface of the abrasive particles which was formerly directed toward the matrix.

Description

Oct. 12, 1965 M. P. LORENZO METHOD OF PRODUCING ABRASIVE SURFACE LAYERS Filed Feb. 21. 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet l 1955 M. P. LORENZO 3,211,634
METHOD OF PRODUCING ABRASIVE SURFACE LAYERS Filed Feb. 21, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Alanna/KAI arezzza ATTORNEY6' United States Patent 3,211,634 METHOD OF PRODUCING ABRASIVE SURFACE LAYERS Manuel I. Lorenzo, Royersford, Pa., assignor to A. P. de
Sanno & Son, Incorporated, Phoenixville, Pa., :1 corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Feb. 21, 1961, Ser. No. 90,701 3 Claims. (Cl. 20416) The present invention relates to methods of mounting abrasive particles.
A purpose of the invention is to simplify and facilitate the mounting of abrasive particles on a metallic backing.
A further purpose is to obtain more reliable and uniform distribution of abrasive particles on the mounting.
A further purpose is to anchor abrasive particles more effectively in the mounting.
Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.
In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate one only of the numerous embodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the form shown from the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.
FIGURE 1 is a central vertical section showing the making of a soft matrix in accordance with the invention.
FIGURE 2 is a central vertical section showing the activation of the matrix.
FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing the coating of the matrix with an electrically conducting layer.
FIGURE 4 is a central longitudinal section showing the application of a mask to the electricity conducting coating of the matrix.
FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary top plan view of the combination of the matrix and the mask of FIGURE 4 with the mask bent back to show the adhesive layer.
FIGURE 6 is a side elevation showing one method of applying abrasive particles to the electrically conducting layer of the matrix.
FIGURE 7 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section through the matrix, the electrically conducting layer and the abrasive particles of FIGURE 6.
FIGURE 8 is a diagrammatic vertical section showing electroplating against the portions of the matrix provided with the electrically conducting layer and the abrasive particles.
FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through the matrix, the electrically conducting layer, the abrasive particles and the electrodeposited layer produced in FIGURE 8.
FIGURE 10 is a fragmentary longitudinal section showing the complete abrasive mounting of the invention after removal of the matrix.
In the prior art the making abrasive tools having particles formed for example from diamond silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, boron carbide, boron nitride and the like, has been diflicult and expensive.
In many cases extremely expensive precious metals have been required for the mounting.
In other cases the distribution of the abrasive particles has been wasteful and sometimes resulted in ineffective utilization of the abrasive.
By the present invention, the process of making the mounting is greatly simplified and the cost is reduced. Metals more expensive than silver are not required, and very small amounts of silver are used With some other metal such as nickel to provide the mounting.
Any one of said abrasive materials can form the particles, but diamond particles are preferred.
I first produce a soft matrix preferably of microcrystalline wax, but permissibly of polyethylene, polyvinyl ice chloride, polyvinyl chloride-acetate or other soft material. The matrix does not conduct electricity.
In FIGURE 1 I illustrate a mold 20 having a mold insert 21 suitably of steel provided with conical recesses 22. Into this mold is cast a matrix 23 suitably of microcrystalline wax which will conform to the contour and enter the conical recesses 22.
The matrix after it solidifies is stripped from the mold and next desirably activated to receive a conducting layer. The activation is desirably accomplished by stannous chloride solution 24 (suitably about 5 percent by weight in water) in a tank 25 which prepares the surface 26 to receive an electrically conducting layer.
After removal of the matrix from the tank 25 it is desirably rinsed with distilled water and dried.
Next an electrically conducting layer 27 is deposited on the matrix. Any suitable silvering technique may be used, the preferred being a Silvering spray gun 28 which sprays a silver nitrate solution 30 through a central spray nozzle and sprays a reducing agent such as sugar solution 31 through a surrounding jet so as to deposit the electrically conducting layer 27 over the active face of the matrix. Silvering spray guns are available commercially and any suitable gun of this type may be used. The silvered layer 27 is next dried.
Next a mask 32 having openings 33 for receiving the conical projections is placed against the electrically conducting layer 27 at the active face of the matrix. The mask may suitably be of any material which will not be electrically conducting and not soluble, such as polyethylene, polyethylene chloride, rubber or the like, and is held in place by a pressure sensitive adhesive layer 34 on the surface directed toward the matrix.
Next the abrasive particles are applied so as to indent the electrically conducting layer 27 and deform the soft material of the matrix but still remain adjacent the surface. This may be accomplished by hand with or Without the use of a roller to imbed the particles, but is preferably accomplished by blowing the abrasive particles in a stream 35 of air or other gas from a spray gun 36. The particles will deform the electrically conducting layer creating sockets 37 into which the particles 38 rest.
The size of the abrasive particles will vary, but it is usual to employ particles of a size through 60 mesh per linear inch, through mesh per linear inch or through mesh per linear inch. Excess abrasive particles will be brushed off.
Next an electrically conducting lead 40 is applied, suitably by lifting the corner of the mask 32 and placing the lead against the electrically conducting layer 27 and pressing the adhesive of the mask down to hold the lead.
Then the matrix is placed in an electroplating bath 41 in a suitable tank 42 in spaced relation to a suitable anode 43, and metal 44 is electrodeposited on the electrically conducting layer 27 and on the particles 38, thus anchoring and holding the abrasive particles in place. The metal used for electroplating will preferably be nickel or may permissibly be copper, iron, lead or tin.
Finally the matrix 23 is removed, suitably by melting and the final product consisting of a series of generally conical mountings 45 is produced as shown in FIG- URE 10.
Additional back-up metal can be applied by electroplating as desired.
The extremely thin electrically conducting layer 27 will of course readily be removed during service.
The mountings of the invention are very easily and inexpensively made, and are strong and serviceable. One of the great advantages is that a large amount, almost all of the valuable abrasive particles, are availble for use.
It will be evident that other contours of mountings may be produced by changing the shape of the matrix.
In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of my invention without copying the method shown, and I therefore, claim all such insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claims.
Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. The method of producing an abrasive surface layer, which comprises producing a deformable electrically nonconducting matrix havingthe desired contour of the surface lay-er, coating the matrix with a thin deformable electrically conducting layer, mounting abrasive particles in the electrically conducting layer by deforming the matrix and the said conducting layer, after completing the mounting electrodepositing anchoring metal over the abrasive particles and the intervening portion of the electrically conducting layer, and removing the matrix so as to expose for use the surface of the abrasive particles which was formerly directed toward the matrix.
2. The method of claim 1, which further comprises mounting the abrasive particles in the electrically conducting layer against the matrix by blowing said particles in a stream of gas against the electrically conducting layer.
3. The method of claim 1, which further comprises covering selected portions of the electrically conducting layer with a mask before applying the abrasive particles to the electrically conducting layer.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,988,065 1/35 Wooddell 117 2,020,117 11/35 Johnston 204-16 2,370,970 3/45 Keelerie 20416 2,424,140 7/47 Beecher 204--16 2,699,424 1/55 Nieter 20415 2,858,256 10/58 Fahnoe et al. 20416 20 JOHN H. MACK, Primary Examiner.
JOSEPH REBOLD, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF PRODUCING AN ABRASIVE SURFACE LAYER, WHICH COMPRISES PRODUCING A DEFORMABLE ELECTRICALLY NONCONDUCTING MATRIX HAVING THE DESIRED CONTOUR OF THE SURFACE LAYER, COATING THE MATRIX WITH A THIN DEFORMABLE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING LAYER, MOUNTING ABRASIVER PARTICLES IN THE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING LAYER BY DEFORMING THE MATRIX AND THE SAID CONDUCTING LAYER, AFTER COMPLETING THE MOUNTING ELECTRODEPOSITION ANCHORING METAL OVER THE ABRASIVE PARTICLES AND THE INTERVENING PORTION OF THE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING LAYER, AND REMOVING THE MATRIX SO AS TO EXPOSE FOR USE THE SURFACE OF THE ABRASIVE PARTICLES WHICH WAS FORMERLY DIRECTED TOWARD THE MATRIX.
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3441487A (en) * 1966-05-13 1969-04-29 Champion Spark Plug Co Method of accurately producing an abrasive surface of revolution
DE3504632A1 (en) * 1984-02-24 1985-09-26 North Bel S.p.A., Paderno Dugnano, Mailand/Milano METHOD FOR RECEIVING ROTATING, DIAMONDED TOOLS, ESPECIALLY MILLING FOR DENTISTRY WITH CUTTING AREAS INTERRUPTED BY GROOVES
US4798212A (en) * 1986-11-17 1989-01-17 Thomas Arana Biopsy paddle with adjustable locator plate
WO1991008864A1 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-27 Charles Neff An article having a high friction surface, an apparatus and a method for producing said article
WO1995022436A1 (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article, a method of making same, and a method of using same for finishing
US5632668A (en) * 1993-10-29 1997-05-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for the polishing and finishing of optical lenses
US5658184A (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nail tool and method of using same to file, polish and/or buff a fingernail or a toenail
US5672097A (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-09-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article for finishing
US5714259A (en) * 1993-06-30 1998-02-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Precisely shaped abrasive composite
US5820450A (en) * 1992-01-13 1998-10-13 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Abrasive article having precise lateral spacing between abrasive composite members
US5891204A (en) * 1989-12-20 1999-04-06 Neff; Charles E. Article and a method for producing an article having a high friction surface
US5913716A (en) * 1993-05-26 1999-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of providing a smooth surface on a substrate
US6524681B1 (en) 1997-04-08 2003-02-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned surface friction materials, clutch plate members and methods of making and using same
US6602123B1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2003-08-05 Infineon Technologies Ag Finishing pad design for multidirectional use
US20040029498A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-12 Neff Charles E. Method of fabricating pliant workpieces, tools for performing the method and methods for making those tools
WO2007063331A1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2007-06-07 Microstencil Limited Electroformed component manufacture
WO2014131935A1 (en) * 2013-02-26 2014-09-04 Kwh Mirka Ltd Ski sanding tools

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1988065A (en) * 1931-09-26 1935-01-15 Carborundum Co Manufacture of open-spaced abrasive fabrics
US2020117A (en) * 1930-05-21 1935-11-05 Calibron Products Inc Cutting, grinding, and burnishing tool and the production thereof
US2370970A (en) * 1944-05-11 1945-03-06 George F Keeleric Abrasive article
US2424140A (en) * 1942-01-22 1947-07-15 Norton Co Method of making abrasive articles
US2699424A (en) * 1949-10-07 1955-01-11 Motorola Inc Electroplating process for producing printed circuits
US2858256A (en) * 1953-10-26 1958-10-28 Vitro Corp Of America Electrophoretic method of making an abrasive article and article made thereby

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2020117A (en) * 1930-05-21 1935-11-05 Calibron Products Inc Cutting, grinding, and burnishing tool and the production thereof
US1988065A (en) * 1931-09-26 1935-01-15 Carborundum Co Manufacture of open-spaced abrasive fabrics
US2424140A (en) * 1942-01-22 1947-07-15 Norton Co Method of making abrasive articles
US2370970A (en) * 1944-05-11 1945-03-06 George F Keeleric Abrasive article
US2699424A (en) * 1949-10-07 1955-01-11 Motorola Inc Electroplating process for producing printed circuits
US2858256A (en) * 1953-10-26 1958-10-28 Vitro Corp Of America Electrophoretic method of making an abrasive article and article made thereby

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3441487A (en) * 1966-05-13 1969-04-29 Champion Spark Plug Co Method of accurately producing an abrasive surface of revolution
DE3504632A1 (en) * 1984-02-24 1985-09-26 North Bel S.p.A., Paderno Dugnano, Mailand/Milano METHOD FOR RECEIVING ROTATING, DIAMONDED TOOLS, ESPECIALLY MILLING FOR DENTISTRY WITH CUTTING AREAS INTERRUPTED BY GROOVES
US4798212A (en) * 1986-11-17 1989-01-17 Thomas Arana Biopsy paddle with adjustable locator plate
WO1991008864A1 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-27 Charles Neff An article having a high friction surface, an apparatus and a method for producing said article
US5181939A (en) * 1989-12-20 1993-01-26 Charles Neff Article and a method for producing an article having a high friction surface
US6083631A (en) * 1989-12-20 2000-07-04 Neff; Charles Article and a method and apparatus for producing an article having a high friction surface
US5891204A (en) * 1989-12-20 1999-04-06 Neff; Charles E. Article and a method for producing an article having a high friction surface
US5820450A (en) * 1992-01-13 1998-10-13 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Abrasive article having precise lateral spacing between abrasive composite members
US5913716A (en) * 1993-05-26 1999-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of providing a smooth surface on a substrate
US5714259A (en) * 1993-06-30 1998-02-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Precisely shaped abrasive composite
US20020009514A1 (en) * 1993-09-13 2002-01-24 Hoopman Timothy L. Tools to manufacture abrasive articles
US5658184A (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nail tool and method of using same to file, polish and/or buff a fingernail or a toenail
US5672097A (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-09-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article for finishing
US6129540A (en) * 1993-09-13 2000-10-10 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Production tool for an abrasive article and a method of making same
US6076248A (en) * 1993-09-13 2000-06-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a master tool
US5632668A (en) * 1993-10-29 1997-05-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for the polishing and finishing of optical lenses
US5681217A (en) * 1994-02-22 1997-10-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article, a method of making same, and a method of using same for finishing
WO1995022436A1 (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article, a method of making same, and a method of using same for finishing
US6524681B1 (en) 1997-04-08 2003-02-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned surface friction materials, clutch plate members and methods of making and using same
US20040029498A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-12 Neff Charles E. Method of fabricating pliant workpieces, tools for performing the method and methods for making those tools
US6997790B2 (en) 2002-08-07 2006-02-14 Neff Charles E Method of fabricating pliant workpieces, tools for performing the method and methods for making those tools
US20060194524A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2006-08-31 Neff Charles E Method of fabricating pliant workpieces, tools for performing the method and methods for making those tools
US7347769B2 (en) 2002-08-07 2008-03-25 Neff Charles E Method of fabricating pliant workpieces, tools for performing the method and methods for making those tools
US6602123B1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2003-08-05 Infineon Technologies Ag Finishing pad design for multidirectional use
US6761620B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2004-07-13 Infineon Technologies Ag Finishing pad design for multidirectional use
WO2007063331A1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2007-06-07 Microstencil Limited Electroformed component manufacture
WO2014131935A1 (en) * 2013-02-26 2014-09-04 Kwh Mirka Ltd Ski sanding tools

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