US3144087A - Drill bit with tangential jet - Google Patents

Drill bit with tangential jet Download PDF

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US3144087A
US3144087A US80830A US8083061A US3144087A US 3144087 A US3144087 A US 3144087A US 80830 A US80830 A US 80830A US 8083061 A US8083061 A US 8083061A US 3144087 A US3144087 A US 3144087A
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cutters
bore hole
drill bit
axis
passageway
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Jr Edward B Williams
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/18—Roller bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids

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  • DRILL BIT WITH TANGENTIAL JET Filed Jan. 5, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. 6 [dz/4M5 WWW/407.9%: 6 3 BY ATTOENEK United States Patent 3,144,087 DRILL BIT WITH TANGENTIAL JET Edward B. Williams, Jr., Greenville, Tex., assignor of onethird to Edward B. Williams III, one-third to Joseph W. Williams, and one-third to David B. Williams, all of Greenville, Tex.
  • This invention relates to drill bits for rotary drilling of bore holes into earth formations, and particularly to drill bits of the type having toothed cutters for cutting through the various formations encountered in drilling such bore holes, the present invention being an improvement of the drill bit illustrated and described in my copending application Serial No. 67,957, filed November 8, 1960, and matured into Patent No. 3,113,630, dated December 10, 1963.
  • the cutters of this type of drill bit are usually arranged to roll in paths concentrically with the rotary axis of the drill stern, so that all of the cutters are used to cut the full gauge of the bore hole, consequently one cutter rolls over the same circular path as a preceding cutter.
  • the result is that the teeth of one cutter must act on the formation through the cuttings produced by the other cutters.
  • the bodies of the drill bits are equipped with ports to discharge one or more jets of drilling fluid in contact with the bottom of the hole, which are supposed to clean the cuttings from under the cutters and carry the cuttings upwardly within the bore hole, however, such jets are not efiicient because it is difficult to direct the jets at angles to clean the bottom of the bore hole and have sufficient upflow velocity to carry the cuttings therewith. This is particularly true in slim hole drilling because the jets are almost vertical and in opposition to the upward flow. It is obvious that such conditions are not conducive to satisfactory removal of the cuttings, and the cuttings accumulate in the bottom of the hole, so that the cutters continue to roll upon the cuttings and sludge.
  • the principal objects of the present invention are to carry the cutters on an offset body portion of the bit, as described in said application, and to provide a tangential jet that sweeps into the bottom corner of the hole in following relation with the radial jet, to assure removal of the cuttings and a clean bottom hole surface on which the roller cutters will act with greater efiiciency.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through the bottom end of a bore hole and showing a drill bit therein which embodies the features of the present invention, the section being taken on the line 1-1 of FIG. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section through the bore hole and showing the drill bit in end view, the section being taken on the line 22 of FIG. 1 and looking upwardly as indicated by the arrows.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical section through the bit on the line 44 of FIG. 3 and showing the upwardly directed jet.
  • FIG. 5 is a section of the drill bit on the line 5-5 of FIG. 2, showing the flow channel supplying the tangential jet.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary section through the tangential jet taken on the line 6-6 of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the relative discharge of the jets.
  • FIG. 8 is a similar elevational view.
  • the drill bit 1 designates a drill bit constructed in accordance with the present invention to drill earth formations 2, as in drilling a bore hole 3 from the earths surface to substantial depths.
  • the drill bit 1 includes a body member 4, preferably composed of sector shaped sections 5, 6 and 7, suitably connected together, as, for example, by welds 8 (FIG. 3).
  • the body 4 of the drill bit includes an externally threaded pin 9 adapted to be connected to a drilling stem 10.
  • the drilling stem is made up of a plurality of interconnected stands of drill pipe as in usual practice, and is rotated by a rotary mechanism (not shown) at the top of the bore hole.
  • the pin 9 is concentric with the rotary axis 11 of the drill stem, but is eccentric with the axis 12 of the body of the bit, that is, the axis 12 is offset from the axis 11.
  • the sections 5 and 6 are each provided with a depending arm 13 14 and 15, respectively.
  • the outer faces of the arms are formed transversely thereof on arcs about the axis 12.
  • the arcuate faces of the arms merge with the annular face 16 of the body portion of the drill bit, so that the body portion of the drill bit below the shoulder 10 is offset from the rotary axis 11 on the axis 12.
  • the depending arm 13 is relatively close to the wall of the bore hole and is on the side of the axis 12.
  • the other arms 14 and 15 are spaced circumferentially from the arm 13 and from each other and the arcuate faces thereof and the annular face 16 of the body portion 4 are spaced from the wall of the bore hole to provide an upflow passageway 18 therebetween of generally crescent shaped cross section.
  • the inner or facing sides 19 of the arms are generally fiat and diverge outwardly and, downwardly to provide backing for the respective cutters 20, 21 and 22.
  • Extending downwardly and inwardly from each of the inner face sides 19 of the arms are spindles 23, 24 and 25, respectively. Located on each of the spindles are antifriction bearings 26 for journaling the cutters thereon.
  • the cutters 20, 21 and 22 have generally conical bodies 27, with the peripheries thereof provided with teeth 28 and which are arranged in spaced apart circular series, with the circular series of teeth on each cutter offset from the circular series of teeth on the other cutters, so that the teeth of the cutters cooperate to act on the entire area of the bottom of the hole when the bit is rotated by the drilling stem.
  • the conical body portions and teeth of the cutters may generally correspond with the body portions and teeth of conventional cutters, but instead of rolling in circular paths concentric with the rotary axis 11 of the drill stem, they roll in paths generally concentric with the offset axis 12 and therefore gyrate within the bore hole.
  • the teeth of the cutters produce different patterns of cuts, so that the cuts produced by a tooth of one cutter are out of registry with the cuts produced by the teeth of the other cutters.
  • the cutter 20 produces the full diameter of the bore hole 3, while the other cutters 21 and 22 cooperate to chip or cut away the bottom of the bore hole over which they are caused to revolve. In other words, all of the cutters roll in paths about the axis 12, but the base teeth 29 of the cutter 20 make a wider sweep to produce a hole of larger diameter than the overall diameter of the bit, and which will be readily noted by comparing the overall diameter of the bit with the diameter of the bore hole as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is,
  • the bit being of less overall diameter than the diameter of the bore hole, may be readily raised and lowered through the bore hole, without con- 'tacting the teeth of the cutters with the wall of the bore hole, by shifting the drill stem laterally to bring'the axis 12 into registry with the center line, or axis 11. In this way, a free space is maintained between the path of the cutters at the lower end of the upflow passageway 18 that progressively travels around the wall of the bore hole.
  • the bit may be readily removed or lowered through a casing or an upper portion of the bore hole that may be of smaller diameter than the diameter to be drilled by the bit.
  • the paths of the cutters are constantly shifting position as the bit is rotated about the axis of the drill stem to enhance the drilling rate at which the bit penetrates the formation.
  • the bodies of the outer cutter 20 and the cutter 22 are generally of a more truncated shape than the cutter '21, which latter cutter is of generally conical shape to assure cutting out of the center of the bore hole (see FIGS. 1, 2 and 3).
  • the cutters have concentric recesses 31 extending inwardly from the base faces 32 thereof to accommodate the bearings 26.
  • the recesses 31 have a smaller diametered extension to substantially conform to the diameter of the spindles at the ends thereof.
  • the smaller ends of the cutters 20 and 22 have inwardly extending annular flanges 32' which close over the inner ends of the spindles 23 and 25 and provide axial openings 33 registering with axial bores 34 of the spindles 23 and 25 that extend through the depending arms.
  • a solid shank 35 Extending through the opening 33 of the cutter 22 and entirely through the registering bore 34 of the spindle is a solid shank 35 having a head 36- thereon of larger diameter than the opening 33 to engage the cutter for holding the cutter on the spindle, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the shank 35 is fixed in the bore by welding the outer end thereof to the arm 15, as indicated at 37 (FIG. 4).
  • the opening 33 of the cutter 20 and the bore 34 of the spindle 23 are of larger diameter to accommodate a tubular shank 38 of larger diameter than the shank 35 and which has an inner diameter of suflicient size to provide a flow passageway 39 for the discharge of a jet of drilling fluid across the bore hole in sweeping contact with the bottom thereof and into the open space at the bottom of the upflow passageway 18 as indicated in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 8.
  • the tubular shank also has a head 40 lapping the end of the cutter 20, and the end of the shank 38 is welded to the arm, as indicated at 41, FIG. 1, for retaining the cutter on its spindle.
  • the flow passage 39 terminates short of the welded end of the tubular shank and has a port 42 in communication with a channel or passage 43 that connects with an axial bore or recess 44 in the pin 9.
  • the axial bore or recess 44 is in turn connected with the downflow passageway 45 of the drill stem.
  • the cutter 21, that is of more conical shape, is mounted 4 on the spindle 24 by roller bearings 26 similarly to the other cutters, however, the spindle 24 is a solid spindle, as shown in FIG. 5, and the cutter is retained thereon by a split ring 46, as indicated.
  • the base faces of all of the cutters and the corresponding inner faces of the arms may be provided with wear resistant material, or rings 47 and 48, as illustrated in FIG. 5, to take the end thrust of the cutters.
  • the under side of the heads and the registering annular portions of the ends of the cutters also have wear resistant material inserts 49 and 50.
  • the inner ends of the cutters may also have small ports 51 that are drilled therein, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the body section 6 has a passageway 52 leading from the recess 44 and discharging through a port 53 located in the lower edge of the arm 14 on the advance side thereof at an angle of 35 to 45 to discharge a generally downwardly and tangentially directed jet for sweeping the bottom corner of the bore hole, as later described.
  • the recess 44 provides passageway means to which the passageways 43, 52 and 54 are all connected.
  • the body section 7 has a passageway 54 leading from the recess 44 and discharging through an upwardly directed port 55 on the side of the body member that carries the arms 14 and 15, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the roller bearings 26 with the cutters are placed on the spindles of the respective segmental sections 5, 6 and 7.
  • the cutter 21 is secured to its spindle by the split ring 46.
  • the cutters 20 and 22 are secured to their spindles by inserting the shanks 38 and 35 through the opening 33 of the cutters and into the bores 34 of the spindles 23 and 25 until the heads 40 and 36 thereof make contact with the flanges 32 of the cutters.
  • the outer ends of the shanks are then welded to the arms 13 and 15, respectively.
  • the sections 5, 6 and 7 are brought together and welded, as indicated by the numeral 8.
  • the drill bit constructed and assembled as described, it is attached to the drill stem and the drill stem is lowered into the bore hole, in accordance with the usual practice of running in the drilling string. Since the overall diameter of the bit is less than the diameter of the hole, it may be passed through a cased upper portion of the bore hole without damage to the teeth of the bit.
  • the bit may be used for deepening a hole to a larger diameter and successfully lowered to drilling position as long as the hole is no smaller than the overall diameter of the bit.
  • a drilling fluid is circulated under pressure downwardly through the passageway 45 of the drill stem 10 for return flow exteriorly of the drill pipe to the top of the bore hole.
  • the cutters 20, 21 and 22 will revolve on their spindles 23, 24 and 25 and gyrate in eccentric circular paths over the bottom of the hole, with the teeth of the cutters bearing into and chipping away the formationbeing drilled.
  • the cutter 20 moves circularly as it is gyrated about the axis of the drill stem, to maintain the gauge of the bore hole.
  • the teeth of the other cutters cooperate with the teeth of the cutter 20 to cover the entire bottom of the hole.
  • a portion of the drilling fluid being circulated passes from the axial bore or recess 44 through the passageway 43, port 42, and flow passageway 39 of the tubular shank 38, to emit a high pressure jet 56 that is directed downwardly and radially incidental to the position of the passageway 39 to impinge against the bottom of the bore hole and sweep between the cutters 21 and 22 into the open space at the bottom of the passageway 18 to the wall of the bore hole, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 8, which diverts the fluid of the jet upwardly to sweep away the cuttings from the bottom of the hole and carry the cuttings upwardly through the upflow passageway 18 at the side of the bit.
  • the jet 56 maintains its substantially radial discharge and is gyrated about the rotary axis 11 to present the force of the jet in progressive sweeping contact into the bottom space during each revolution of the drill stem.
  • the cuttings made by the teeth of the bit are positively swept from the bottom of the bore hole and most of them are diverted upwardly, however, some of the cuttings tend to lodge in the corner 57 of the bore hole.
  • drilling fluid from the recess 44 flows through the passageway 52 and is discharged as a high pressure jet 58 generally downwardly and tangentially into the corner 57 of the open space in the bottom of the passageway 13 in following relation with the jet 56.
  • the jet 58 thus sweeps about the corner of the bore hole in following relation with the jet, to sweep out any of the cuttings or sludge that might tend to accumulate therein.
  • a jet 59 is emitted through the upwardly directed port 55 to maintain the upward flow at high velocity to assure elevation of the cuttings to the top of the bore hole.
  • a rotary drill bit for drilling bore holes into earth formations and the like including a body member having a drill stem connection by which the drill bit is rotated and having a passage- Way means within said body member and drill stem connection through which a drilling fluid is supplied when the drill bit is in use, arms depending from the body member one of which is on the side of an offset axis from the rotational axis of the drill stem connection and the other of said arms being circumferentially spaced from said one arm and from each other, spindles carried by said arms and extending downwardly and inwardly toward said offset axis, and
  • conical cutters on said spindles to roll in circular paths about the offset axis and in gyratory motion about the axis of the drill stem connection to maintain an open space between said cutters and the wall of the bore hole that is opposite the conical cutter carried by said one arm and which travels progressively around the wall of the bore hole with the gyratory movement of the cutters to maintain an unobstructed upflow passageway from the bottom of the bore hole upwardly at the side of the drill bit,
  • said one arm and spindle carried thereby having a flow passageway connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid through said spindle to wash cuttings substantially radially across the bottom of the bore hole and into said open space and one of the other of said arms having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid from the lower end of said arm tangentially into said open space to sweep away the cuttings washed into said space by the radial jet of drilling fluid to clear the bottom of said space of cuttings whereby the cutters roll upon a bottom hole substantially free of cuttings as they are gyrated about the rotary axis.
  • a rotary drill bit for drilling bore holes into earth formations and the like including a body member having a drill stem connection by which the drill bit is rotated and having a passageway means within said body and drill stem connection through which a drilling fluid is supplied when the drill bit is in use,
  • conical cutters on said spindles to roll in circular paths about the offset axis and in gyratory motion about the axis of the drill stem connection to maintain an open space between said cutters and the wall of the bore hole that is opposite the conical cutter carried by said one arm and which travels progressively around the wall of the bore hole with the gyratory movement of the cutters to maintain an unobstructed upflow passageway from the bottom of the bore hole upwardly at the side of the drill bit,
  • said one arm and spindle carried thereby having a flow passageway connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid through said spindle to wash cuttings substantially radially across the bottom of the bore hole and into said open space and the trailing one of the said other arms relatively to the direction of rotation having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and discharging a jet of drilling fluid from the lower end of the said other arm tangentially into said open space in the direction of rotation to sweep away the cuttings washed into said space by the radial jet of drilling fluid to clear the bottom of said space of cuttings whereby the cutters roll upon a. bottom hole substantially free of cuttings as they are gyrated about the rotary axis,
  • said body member having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and discharging upwardly on the side of the body member that carries the said other arms for emitting a jet of drilling fluid into said open space to induce upward flow of cuttings dislodged by said first named jets.
  • a rotary drill bit for drilling bore holes into earth formations and the like including a body member having a drill stem connection by which the drill bit is rotated and having a passageway means within said body member and drill stem connection through which a drilling fluid is supplied when the drill bit is in use,
  • conical cutters on said spindles to roll in circular paths about the offset axis and in gyratory motion about the axis of the drill stem connection to maintain an open space between said cutters and the wall of the bore hole that is opposite the conical cutter carried by said one arm and which travels progressively around the wall of the bore hole with the gyratory movement of the cutters to maintain an unobstructed upflow passageway from the bottom of the bore hole upwardly at the side of the drill bit,
  • said one arm and spindle carried thereby having a flow passageway connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid through said spindle to wash cuttings substantially radially across the bottom of the bore hole and into said open space and the other of said arms which is trailing said open space having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and opening from the lower end of the said other arm for discharging a jet of drilling fluid tangentially into said open space in the direction of rotation to sweep away the cuttings washed into said space by the radial jet of drilling fluid to clear the bottom of said space of cuttings whereby the cutters roll upon a bottom hole substantially free of cuttings as they are gyrated about the rotary axis,
  • said body member having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and discharging upwardly on the side of the body member which carries the said other arms to induce upward flow of cuttings dislodged by said first named jets.

Description

g- 1964 E. B. WILLIAMS, JR 3,144,087
DRILL BIT WITH TANGENTIAL JET Filed Jan. 5, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 a J; I /5 I L g 4 I /E ,9
1 52 4 149 T f f IN V EN TOR.
A 770 RNEK 1964 E. B. WILLIAMS, JR 3,144,087
DRILL BIT WITH TANGENTIAL JET Filed Jan. 5, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. 6 [dz/4M5 WWW/407.9%: 6 3 BY ATTOENEK United States Patent 3,144,087 DRILL BIT WITH TANGENTIAL JET Edward B. Williams, Jr., Greenville, Tex., assignor of onethird to Edward B. Williams III, one-third to Joseph W. Williams, and one-third to David B. Williams, all of Greenville, Tex.
Filed Jan. 5, 1961, Ser. No. 80,830 3 Claims. (Cl. 175-339) This invention relates to drill bits for rotary drilling of bore holes into earth formations, and particularly to drill bits of the type having toothed cutters for cutting through the various formations encountered in drilling such bore holes, the present invention being an improvement of the drill bit illustrated and described in my copending application Serial No. 67,957, filed November 8, 1960, and matured into Patent No. 3,113,630, dated December 10, 1963.
The cutters of this type of drill bit are usually arranged to roll in paths concentrically with the rotary axis of the drill stern, so that all of the cutters are used to cut the full gauge of the bore hole, consequently one cutter rolls over the same circular path as a preceding cutter. The result is that the teeth of one cutter must act on the formation through the cuttings produced by the other cutters. Usually the bodies of the drill bits are equipped with ports to discharge one or more jets of drilling fluid in contact with the bottom of the hole, which are supposed to clean the cuttings from under the cutters and carry the cuttings upwardly within the bore hole, however, such jets are not efiicient because it is difficult to direct the jets at angles to clean the bottom of the bore hole and have sufficient upflow velocity to carry the cuttings therewith. This is particularly true in slim hole drilling because the jets are almost vertical and in opposition to the upward flow. It is obvious that such conditions are not conducive to satisfactory removal of the cuttings, and the cuttings accumulate in the bottom of the hole, so that the cutters continue to roll upon the cuttings and sludge.
The bit of the above mentioned application overcomes these difficulties by providing a more eiiicient arrangement of the cutters and a radial jet that discharges through the rotary axis of one of the cutters to sweep the bottom of the hole of cuttings, but the cuttings tend to lag and pile up in the corner of the bore hole, so that the teeth of the outside cutter must roll over these accumulating cuttings.
Therefore, the principal objects of the present invention are to carry the cutters on an offset body portion of the bit, as described in said application, and to provide a tangential jet that sweeps into the bottom corner of the hole in following relation with the radial jet, to assure removal of the cuttings and a clean bottom hole surface on which the roller cutters will act with greater efiiciency.
It is also an object of the invention to provide the bit with an upwardly directed jet forwardly of the sweep jets to induce upward flow of the cuttings from the sweep jets up the side of the bore hole.
In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention as hereinafter pointed out, I have provided improved structure, the preferred form of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a vertical section through the bottom end of a bore hole and showing a drill bit therein which embodies the features of the present invention, the section being taken on the line 1-1 of FIG. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.
FIG. 2 is a cross section through the bore hole and showing the drill bit in end view, the section being taken on the line 22 of FIG. 1 and looking upwardly as indicated by the arrows.
FIG. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a vertical section through the bit on the line 44 of FIG. 3 and showing the upwardly directed jet.
FIG. 5 is a section of the drill bit on the line 5-5 of FIG. 2, showing the flow channel supplying the tangential jet.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary section through the tangential jet taken on the line 6-6 of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the relative discharge of the jets.
FIG. 8 is a similar elevational view.
Referring more in detail to the drawings:
1 designates a drill bit constructed in accordance with the present invention to drill earth formations 2, as in drilling a bore hole 3 from the earths surface to substantial depths. The drill bit 1 includes a body member 4, preferably composed of sector shaped sections 5, 6 and 7, suitably connected together, as, for example, by welds 8 (FIG. 3). The body 4 of the drill bit includes an externally threaded pin 9 adapted to be connected to a drilling stem 10. The drilling stem is made up of a plurality of interconnected stands of drill pipe as in usual practice, and is rotated by a rotary mechanism (not shown) at the top of the bore hole. The pin 9 is concentric with the rotary axis 11 of the drill stem, but is eccentric with the axis 12 of the body of the bit, that is, the axis 12 is offset from the axis 11.
The sections 5 and 6 are each provided with a depending arm 13 14 and 15, respectively. In the present instance the outer faces of the arms are formed transversely thereof on arcs about the axis 12. The arcuate faces of the arms merge with the annular face 16 of the body portion of the drill bit, so that the body portion of the drill bit below the shoulder 10 is offset from the rotary axis 11 on the axis 12. When the drill stem 10 is located concentrically with the bore hole 3, the depending arm 13 is relatively close to the wall of the bore hole and is on the side of the axis 12. The other arms 14 and 15 are spaced circumferentially from the arm 13 and from each other and the arcuate faces thereof and the annular face 16 of the body portion 4 are spaced from the wall of the bore hole to provide an upflow passageway 18 therebetween of generally crescent shaped cross section. The inner or facing sides 19 of the arms are generally fiat and diverge outwardly and, downwardly to provide backing for the respective cutters 20, 21 and 22. Extending downwardly and inwardly from each of the inner face sides 19 of the arms are spindles 23, 24 and 25, respectively. Located on each of the spindles are antifriction bearings 26 for journaling the cutters thereon.
The cutters 20, 21 and 22 have generally conical bodies 27, with the peripheries thereof provided with teeth 28 and which are arranged in spaced apart circular series, with the circular series of teeth on each cutter offset from the circular series of teeth on the other cutters, so that the teeth of the cutters cooperate to act on the entire area of the bottom of the hole when the bit is rotated by the drilling stem. The conical body portions and teeth of the cutters may generally correspond with the body portions and teeth of conventional cutters, but instead of rolling in circular paths concentric with the rotary axis 11 of the drill stem, they roll in paths generally concentric with the offset axis 12 and therefore gyrate within the bore hole.
The teeth of the cutters produce different patterns of cuts, so that the cuts produced by a tooth of one cutter are out of registry with the cuts produced by the teeth of the other cutters. The cutter 20 produces the full diameter of the bore hole 3, while the other cutters 21 and 22 cooperate to chip or cut away the bottom of the bore hole over which they are caused to revolve. In other words, all of the cutters roll in paths about the axis 12, but the base teeth 29 of the cutter 20 make a wider sweep to produce a hole of larger diameter than the overall diameter of the bit, and which will be readily noted by comparing the overall diameter of the bit with the diameter of the bore hole as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is,
therefore, obvious that the bit, being of less overall diameter than the diameter of the bore hole, may be readily raised and lowered through the bore hole, without con- 'tacting the teeth of the cutters with the wall of the bore hole, by shifting the drill stem laterally to bring'the axis 12 into registry with the center line, or axis 11. In this way, a free space is maintained between the path of the cutters at the lower end of the upflow passageway 18 that progressively travels around the wall of the bore hole. As above stated the bit may be readily removed or lowered through a casing or an upper portion of the bore hole that may be of smaller diameter than the diameter to be drilled by the bit. Also, the paths of the cutters are constantly shifting position as the bit is rotated about the axis of the drill stem to enhance the drilling rate at which the bit penetrates the formation.
The bodies of the outer cutter 20 and the cutter 22 are generally of a more truncated shape than the cutter '21, which latter cutter is of generally conical shape to assure cutting out of the center of the bore hole (see FIGS. 1, 2 and 3). The cutters have concentric recesses 31 extending inwardly from the base faces 32 thereof to accommodate the bearings 26. The recesses 31 have a smaller diametered extension to substantially conform to the diameter of the spindles at the ends thereof. The smaller ends of the cutters 20 and 22 have inwardly extending annular flanges 32' which close over the inner ends of the spindles 23 and 25 and provide axial openings 33 registering with axial bores 34 of the spindles 23 and 25 that extend through the depending arms.
Extending through the opening 33 of the cutter 22 and entirely through the registering bore 34 of the spindle is a solid shank 35 having a head 36- thereon of larger diameter than the opening 33 to engage the cutter for holding the cutter on the spindle, as shown in FIG. 4. The shank 35 is fixed in the bore by welding the outer end thereof to the arm 15, as indicated at 37 (FIG. 4).
The opening 33 of the cutter 20 and the bore 34 of the spindle 23 are of larger diameter to accommodate a tubular shank 38 of larger diameter than the shank 35 and which has an inner diameter of suflicient size to provide a flow passageway 39 for the discharge of a jet of drilling fluid across the bore hole in sweeping contact with the bottom thereof and into the open space at the bottom of the upflow passageway 18 as indicated in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 8. The tubular shank also has a head 40 lapping the end of the cutter 20, and the end of the shank 38 is welded to the arm, as indicated at 41, FIG. 1, for retaining the cutter on its spindle.
The flow passage 39 terminates short of the welded end of the tubular shank and has a port 42 in communication with a channel or passage 43 that connects with an axial bore or recess 44 in the pin 9. The axial bore or recess 44 is in turn connected with the downflow passageway 45 of the drill stem.
The cutter 21, that is of more conical shape, is mounted 4 on the spindle 24 by roller bearings 26 similarly to the other cutters, however, the spindle 24 is a solid spindle, as shown in FIG. 5, and the cutter is retained thereon by a split ring 46, as indicated.
The base faces of all of the cutters and the corresponding inner faces of the arms may be provided with wear resistant material, or rings 47 and 48, as illustrated in FIG. 5, to take the end thrust of the cutters. The under side of the heads and the registering annular portions of the ends of the cutters also have wear resistant material inserts 49 and 50. The inner ends of the cutters may also have small ports 51 that are drilled therein, as shown in FIG. 4.
The body section 6 has a passageway 52 leading from the recess 44 and discharging through a port 53 located in the lower edge of the arm 14 on the advance side thereof at an angle of 35 to 45 to discharge a generally downwardly and tangentially directed jet for sweeping the bottom corner of the bore hole, as later described.
It is thus obvious that the recess 44 provides passageway means to which the passageways 43, 52 and 54 are all connected.
The body section 7 has a passageway 54 leading from the recess 44 and discharging through an upwardly directed port 55 on the side of the body member that carries the arms 14 and 15, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
In assembling the bit at the factory, the roller bearings 26 with the cutters are placed on the spindles of the respective segmental sections 5, 6 and 7. The cutter 21 is secured to its spindle by the split ring 46. The cutters 20 and 22 are secured to their spindles by inserting the shanks 38 and 35 through the opening 33 of the cutters and into the bores 34 of the spindles 23 and 25 until the heads 40 and 36 thereof make contact with the flanges 32 of the cutters. The outer ends of the shanks are then welded to the arms 13 and 15, respectively. After mounting the cutters, the sections 5, 6 and 7 are brought together and welded, as indicated by the numeral 8.
In using the drill bit constructed and assembled as described, it is attached to the drill stem and the drill stem is lowered into the bore hole, in accordance with the usual practice of running in the drilling string. Since the overall diameter of the bit is less than the diameter of the hole, it may be passed through a cased upper portion of the bore hole without damage to the teeth of the bit. The bit may be used for deepening a hole to a larger diameter and successfully lowered to drilling position as long as the hole is no smaller than the overall diameter of the bit.
With the bit in drilling position on the bottom of the hole, a drilling fluid is circulated under pressure downwardly through the passageway 45 of the drill stem 10 for return flow exteriorly of the drill pipe to the top of the bore hole. Upon starting rotation of the drilling stern in the direction of the arrow, FIGS. 2, 3, 7 and 8, the cutters 20, 21 and 22 will revolve on their spindles 23, 24 and 25 and gyrate in eccentric circular paths over the bottom of the hole, with the teeth of the cutters bearing into and chipping away the formationbeing drilled. The cutter 20 moves circularly as it is gyrated about the axis of the drill stem, to maintain the gauge of the bore hole. The teeth of the other cutters cooperate with the teeth of the cutter 20 to cover the entire bottom of the hole.
Simultaneously with rotation of the drill stem, a portion of the drilling fluid being circulated passes from the axial bore or recess 44 through the passageway 43, port 42, and flow passageway 39 of the tubular shank 38, to emit a high pressure jet 56 that is directed downwardly and radially incidental to the position of the passageway 39 to impinge against the bottom of the bore hole and sweep between the cutters 21 and 22 into the open space at the bottom of the passageway 18 to the wall of the bore hole, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 8, which diverts the fluid of the jet upwardly to sweep away the cuttings from the bottom of the hole and carry the cuttings upwardly through the upflow passageway 18 at the side of the bit. During rotation of the bit, the jet 56 maintains its substantially radial discharge and is gyrated about the rotary axis 11 to present the force of the jet in progressive sweeping contact into the bottom space during each revolution of the drill stem. The cuttings made by the teeth of the bit are positively swept from the bottom of the bore hole and most of them are diverted upwardly, however, some of the cuttings tend to lodge in the corner 57 of the bore hole. But with the bit of the present invention, drilling fluid from the recess 44 flows through the passageway 52 and is discharged as a high pressure jet 58 generally downwardly and tangentially into the corner 57 of the open space in the bottom of the passageway 13 in following relation with the jet 56. The jet 58 thus sweeps about the corner of the bore hole in following relation with the jet, to sweep out any of the cuttings or sludge that might tend to accumulate therein. Simultaneously, a jet 59 is emitted through the upwardly directed port 55 to maintain the upward flow at high velocity to assure elevation of the cuttings to the top of the bore hole. Thus the teeth of the cutters rotate upon a clean bottom and effect a more rapid and eflicient chipping away of the formation.
From the foregoing, it is obvious that the features of offsetting the axis of the bit, the discharge of the drilling fluid through the axis of the outermost cutter, and tangential discharge through the arm 14, together with the relation of the cutters, all cooperae to promote greater cutting efliciency of the bit and removal of the cuttings. What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1. A rotary drill bit for drilling bore holes into earth formations and the like, including a body member having a drill stem connection by which the drill bit is rotated and having a passage- Way means within said body member and drill stem connection through which a drilling fluid is supplied when the drill bit is in use, arms depending from the body member one of which is on the side of an offset axis from the rotational axis of the drill stem connection and the other of said arms being circumferentially spaced from said one arm and from each other, spindles carried by said arms and extending downwardly and inwardly toward said offset axis, and
conical cutters on said spindles to roll in circular paths about the offset axis and in gyratory motion about the axis of the drill stem connection to maintain an open space between said cutters and the wall of the bore hole that is opposite the conical cutter carried by said one arm and which travels progressively around the wall of the bore hole with the gyratory movement of the cutters to maintain an unobstructed upflow passageway from the bottom of the bore hole upwardly at the side of the drill bit,
said one arm and spindle carried thereby having a flow passageway connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid through said spindle to wash cuttings substantially radially across the bottom of the bore hole and into said open space and one of the other of said arms having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid from the lower end of said arm tangentially into said open space to sweep away the cuttings washed into said space by the radial jet of drilling fluid to clear the bottom of said space of cuttings whereby the cutters roll upon a bottom hole substantially free of cuttings as they are gyrated about the rotary axis.
2. A rotary drill bit for drilling bore holes into earth formations and the like, including a body member having a drill stem connection by which the drill bit is rotated and having a passageway means within said body and drill stem connection through which a drilling fluid is supplied when the drill bit is in use,
arms depending from the body member one of which is on the side of an offset axis from the rotational axis of the drill stem connection and the other of said arms being circumferentially spaced from said one arm and from each other,
spindles carried by said arms and extending downwardly and inwardly toward said oifset axis, and
conical cutters on said spindles to roll in circular paths about the offset axis and in gyratory motion about the axis of the drill stem connection to maintain an open space between said cutters and the wall of the bore hole that is opposite the conical cutter carried by said one arm and which travels progressively around the wall of the bore hole with the gyratory movement of the cutters to maintain an unobstructed upflow passageway from the bottom of the bore hole upwardly at the side of the drill bit,
said one arm and spindle carried thereby having a flow passageway connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid through said spindle to wash cuttings substantially radially across the bottom of the bore hole and into said open space and the trailing one of the said other arms relatively to the direction of rotation having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and discharging a jet of drilling fluid from the lower end of the said other arm tangentially into said open space in the direction of rotation to sweep away the cuttings washed into said space by the radial jet of drilling fluid to clear the bottom of said space of cuttings whereby the cutters roll upon a. bottom hole substantially free of cuttings as they are gyrated about the rotary axis,
said body member having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and discharging upwardly on the side of the body member that carries the said other arms for emitting a jet of drilling fluid into said open space to induce upward flow of cuttings dislodged by said first named jets.
3. A rotary drill bit for drilling bore holes into earth formations and the like, including a body member having a drill stem connection by which the drill bit is rotated and having a passageway means within said body member and drill stem connection through which a drilling fluid is supplied when the drill bit is in use,
arms depending from the body member one of which is on the side of an offset axis from the rotational axis of the drill stem connection and the other of said arms being circumferentially spaced from said one arm and from each other,
spindles carried by said arms and extending downwardly and inwardly toward said olfset axis, and
conical cutters on said spindles to roll in circular paths about the offset axis and in gyratory motion about the axis of the drill stem connection to maintain an open space between said cutters and the wall of the bore hole that is opposite the conical cutter carried by said one arm and which travels progressively around the wall of the bore hole with the gyratory movement of the cutters to maintain an unobstructed upflow passageway from the bottom of the bore hole upwardly at the side of the drill bit,
said one arm and spindle carried thereby having a flow passageway connected with said passageway means for discharging a jet of drilling fluid through said spindle to wash cuttings substantially radially across the bottom of the bore hole and into said open space and the other of said arms which is trailing said open space having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and opening from the lower end of the said other arm for discharging a jet of drilling fluid tangentially into said open space in the direction of rotation to sweep away the cuttings washed into said space by the radial jet of drilling fluid to clear the bottom of said space of cuttings whereby the cutters roll upon a bottom hole substantially free of cuttings as they are gyrated about the rotary axis,
said body member having a flow passageway also connected with said passageway means and discharging upwardly on the side of the body member which carries the said other arms to induce upward flow of cuttings dislodged by said first named jets.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 8 2,614,810 Goolsbee Oct. 21, 1952 2,634,101 Sloan Apr. 7, 1953 2,746,721 Moore May 22, 1956 2,776,115 Williams Jan. 1, 1957 2,805,045 Goodwin Sept. 3, 1957 3,014,544 Steen Dec. 26, 1961 3,081,829 Williams Mar. 19, 1963 3,099,324 Kucera et a1. July 30, 1963 3,111,179 Albers et a1 Nov. 19, 1963 OTHER REFERENCES Kucera, C. M., and Boice, E. G.: New Jet Bits Vent Ports Pass Lab and Field Tests, in Drilling, January 1959, p. 101.

Claims (1)

1. A ROTARY DRILL BIT FOR DRILLING BORE HOLES INTO EARTH FORMATIONS AND THE LIKE, INCLUDING A BODY MEMBER HAVING A DRILL STEM CONNECTION BY WHICH THE DRILL BIT IS ROTATED AND HAVING A PASSAGEWAY MEANS WITHIN SAID BODY MEMBER AND DRILL STEM CONNECTION THROUGH WHICH A DRILLING FLUID IS SUPPLIED WHEN THE DRILL BIT IS IN USE, ARMS DEPENDING FROM THE BODY MEMBER ONE OF WHICH IS ON THE SIDE OF AN OFFSET AXIS FROM THE ROTATIONAL AXIS OF THE DRILL STEM CONNECTION AND THE OTHER OF SAID ARMS BEING CIRCUMFERENTIALLY SPACED FROM SAID ONE ARM AND FROM EACH OTHER, SPINDLES CARRIED BY SAID ARMS AND EXTENDING DOWNWARDLY AND INWARDLY TOWARD SAID OFFSET AXIS, AND CONICAL CUTTERS ON SAID SPINDLES TO ROLL IN CIRCULAR PATHS ABOUT THE OFFSET AXIS AND IN GYRATORY MOTION ABOUT THE AXIS OF THE DRILL STEM CONNECTION TO MAINTAIN AN OPEN SPACE BETWEEN SAID CUTTERS AND THE WALL OF THE BORE HOLE THAT IS OPPOSITE THE CONICAL CUTTER CARRIED BY SAID ONE ARM AND WHICH TRAVELS PROGRESSIVELY AROUND THE WALL OF THE BORE HOLE WITH THE GYRATORY MOVEMENT OF THE CUTTERS TO MAINTAIN AN UNOBSTRUCTED UPFLOW PASSAGEWAY FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE BORE HOLE UPWARDLY AT THE SIDE OF THE DRILL BIT, SAID ONE ARM AND SPINDLE CARRIED THEREBY HAVING A FLOW PASSAGEWAY CONNECTED WITH SAID PASSAGEWAY MEANS
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746108A (en) * 1971-02-25 1973-07-17 G Hall Focus nozzle directional bit
US3844363A (en) * 1973-06-11 1974-10-29 E Williams Drill tool
US3881560A (en) * 1973-06-11 1975-05-06 Jr Edward B Williams Drill tool
US3923108A (en) * 1975-01-17 1975-12-02 Jr Edward B Williams Drill tool
US3923109A (en) * 1975-02-24 1975-12-02 Jr Edward B Williams Drill tool
DE2802869A1 (en) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrol DRILLING TOOL WITH SUCTION JET
DE2849958A1 (en) * 1977-11-21 1979-05-23 Inst Francais Du Petrol DRILLING TOOL
US4479558A (en) * 1981-08-05 1984-10-30 Gill Industries, Inc. Drilling sub
US4512420A (en) * 1980-07-17 1985-04-23 Gill Industries, Inc. Downhole vortex generator
US4738320A (en) * 1984-06-27 1988-04-19 Christian Bardin Method and improvement to drilling tools allowing great efficiency in cleaning the cutting face
US4880068A (en) * 1988-11-21 1989-11-14 Varel Manufacturing Company Rotary drill bit locking mechanism
US5029656A (en) * 1989-07-17 1991-07-09 Camco International Inc. Nozzle means for rotary drill bits
US5096005A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-03-17 Camco International Inc. Hydraulic action for rotary drill bits
US5111894A (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-05-12 Sybil J. Williams Uninterrupted drill bit
US5220966A (en) * 1991-05-06 1993-06-22 Wave Tec G.M.B.H. Drilling apparatus of the cutting and shearing type
FR2751371A1 (en) 1996-07-19 1998-01-23 Baker Hughes Inc ROTARY CONES DRILLING TOWERS, COMPRISING NOISE STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM
US6098728A (en) * 1998-03-27 2000-08-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Rock bit nozzle arrangement
CN104806168A (en) * 2014-01-26 2015-07-29 北京加华维尔能源技术有限公司 Novel hydraulic roller bit
WO2018191320A1 (en) * 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Tercel Oilfield Products Usa Llc Bi-axial drill bits and bit adaptors

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US2119618A (en) * 1937-08-28 1938-06-07 John A Zublin Oversize hole drilling mechanism
US2200482A (en) * 1938-08-13 1940-05-14 Winslow Charles Cecil Rock bit
US2184067A (en) * 1939-01-03 1939-12-19 John A Zublin Drill bit
US2614810A (en) * 1947-06-16 1952-10-21 Reed Roller Bit Co Rotary bit
US2634101A (en) * 1949-07-08 1953-04-07 Sloan Pearl Apparatus for accelerating the removal of cuttings from the bottom of wells
US2746721A (en) * 1951-10-01 1956-05-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Apparatus for drilling
US2805045A (en) * 1953-06-08 1957-09-03 Globe Oil Tools Co Well drilling bit
US2776115A (en) * 1953-10-29 1957-01-01 Jr Edward B Williams Drill bit
US3099324A (en) * 1959-06-02 1963-07-30 Reed Roller Bit Co Circulation ports for drill bit
US3014544A (en) * 1959-07-22 1961-12-26 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Jet rock bit
US3081829A (en) * 1959-12-01 1963-03-19 Edward B Williams Iii Drill bit
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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746108A (en) * 1971-02-25 1973-07-17 G Hall Focus nozzle directional bit
US3844363A (en) * 1973-06-11 1974-10-29 E Williams Drill tool
US3881560A (en) * 1973-06-11 1975-05-06 Jr Edward B Williams Drill tool
US3923108A (en) * 1975-01-17 1975-12-02 Jr Edward B Williams Drill tool
US3923109A (en) * 1975-02-24 1975-12-02 Jr Edward B Williams Drill tool
DE2802869A1 (en) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrol DRILLING TOOL WITH SUCTION JET
DE2849958A1 (en) * 1977-11-21 1979-05-23 Inst Francais Du Petrol DRILLING TOOL
US4222447A (en) * 1977-11-21 1980-09-16 Institut Francais Du Petrole Drill bit with suction jets
US4512420A (en) * 1980-07-17 1985-04-23 Gill Industries, Inc. Downhole vortex generator
US4479558A (en) * 1981-08-05 1984-10-30 Gill Industries, Inc. Drilling sub
US4738320A (en) * 1984-06-27 1988-04-19 Christian Bardin Method and improvement to drilling tools allowing great efficiency in cleaning the cutting face
US4880068A (en) * 1988-11-21 1989-11-14 Varel Manufacturing Company Rotary drill bit locking mechanism
US5029656A (en) * 1989-07-17 1991-07-09 Camco International Inc. Nozzle means for rotary drill bits
US5096005A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-03-17 Camco International Inc. Hydraulic action for rotary drill bits
US5111894A (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-05-12 Sybil J. Williams Uninterrupted drill bit
US5220966A (en) * 1991-05-06 1993-06-22 Wave Tec G.M.B.H. Drilling apparatus of the cutting and shearing type
FR2751371A1 (en) 1996-07-19 1998-01-23 Baker Hughes Inc ROTARY CONES DRILLING TOWERS, COMPRISING NOISE STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM
US6142247A (en) * 1996-07-19 2000-11-07 Baker Hughes Incorporated Biased nozzle arrangement for rolling cone rock bits
US6098728A (en) * 1998-03-27 2000-08-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Rock bit nozzle arrangement
CN104806168A (en) * 2014-01-26 2015-07-29 北京加华维尔能源技术有限公司 Novel hydraulic roller bit
WO2018191320A1 (en) * 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Tercel Oilfield Products Usa Llc Bi-axial drill bits and bit adaptors

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