US3079340A - Metal working lubricant - Google Patents
Metal working lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3079340A US3079340A US844211A US84421159A US3079340A US 3079340 A US3079340 A US 3079340A US 844211 A US844211 A US 844211A US 84421159 A US84421159 A US 84421159A US 3079340 A US3079340 A US 3079340A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- water
- alkali metal
- sodium
- hydroxylamine
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/16—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/18—Ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/044—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms, e.g. furans, dioxolanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/18—Containing nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds, e.g. hydrazine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/085—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
Definitions
- This invention relates to aqueous base metal-working lubricating compositions. More particularly, it relates to a water-base metal cutting fluid.
- the art discloses various means of imparting rust inhibiting and extreme pressure properties to water base metal-working lubricants, but with little success.
- materials commonly used for this purpose are watersoluble non-ionic compounds, such as alkyl phenolethylene ox'de reaction products, tallow, fatty acids, soaps,
- Water-oil emulsions additionally present a dermatitis and stability problem upon use and are generally undesirable because of their opaqueness thus making it difficult to observe the machining process.
- the final water-base fluid should have a pH of at least 7, preferably between 8 and 11.
- the water-soluble alkali metal compounds which must contain sulfur in the molecule include sodium, lithium or potassium sulfur-containing salts, the anionic portion being either an inorganic sulfur-containing anion, preferably in an oxidized state, such as a sulfate, persulfate, thiosulfate, sulfoxylate, dithionate, as well as sulfide or hydrosulfide or an organic sulfur-containing anion such as mercaptocarboxylate, thiocarboxylate and mixtures thereof.
- the water-soluble alkali metal organic sulfurcontaining salts include, sodium, lithium or potassium salts of mercapto monoand poly-carboxylic acids such as sodium, lithium or potassium mercaptoacetate, mercaptoproprionate, mercaptosuccinate, mercaptoglutarate and mercaptoadipate; sodium, lithium or potassium salts of monoor polysulfide-containing carboxylic acids such as sodium, lithium or potassium salts of C alkyl thio C alkylcarboxylic acid, e.g., methylthioacetic acid, ethylthioacetic acid, ethylthiopro-pionic acid, methyldithioacctic acid, ethyldithioacetic acid; sulfur-containing dicarboxylic acids, e.g., thiodiacetic acid, thiodipropionic acid, dithiodiacetic acid, and the like.
- the salts which are preferred are sodium mercaptoacetate, mer
- the water-soluble hydroxy-containing reducing agent includes inorganic compounds such as hydroxylamine and organic compounds such as water-soluble amino compounds such as phenyl hydrozine hydrochloride, phenyl hydroxylamine, aliphatic or aromatic polyhydroxyl-containing compounds such as carbohydrates, e.g., glucose, lactose; aromatic polyhydroxyl-containing compounds such as resorcinol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol and the like.
- the water-soluble hetero copolymer improves the antifrictional properties of compositions of the present invention, particularly under slow sliding conditions.
- non-ionic polymeric compounds such as alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide reaction products, block copolymers of dissimilar alkylene oxides and their derivatives such as are commercially available under the trade name of Pluronics and the like produce undesirable frictional problems, foaming, instability and the like.
- the water-miscible hetero-copolymer polyalkylene oxide fluids also enhance the load carrying properties of the composition of the present invention.
- the above oxides are hetero-copolymers of dissimilar alkylene oxides such as copolymer ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide (poly(oxyethylene-1,2-oxypropylene)glycol), as well as I monoethers and monoesters thereof, preferably at oxide ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 ethylene oxide to 1,2-
- compositions are representative of the invention, which can be used neat or diluted with from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 10 parts of water, as metalworking lubricants for cutting, drilling and the like.
- concentrations are molar.
- Composition A A:
- compositions of this invention were demonstrated by subjecting them to the following tests:
- compositions A-K in the four-ball test gave average weld load (kg) values of between 600 and 800, averaged around 175 holes drilled in the tool life test and in the rust test gave a rating of A.
- the reducing agents were omitted from compositions A-K and the salt concentration increased to 0.2 M
- the average weld load (kg) varied between 300-400 kg.
- the salts were omitted from compositions A-K and the amount of reducing agent adjusted to 0.2 M the average weld load (kg) was reduced to 100-200 kg.
- the tool life was reduced to approximately 30-35 holes drilled.
- compositions of this invention may contain additional additives, such as water-soluble corrosion inhibitor, e.g., sodium mercaptobenzothiazole, anti-foaming agents such as silicone polymer, perfuming agents, and dyes.
- water-soluble corrosion inhibitor e.g., sodium mercaptobenzothiazole
- anti-foaming agents such as silicone polymer, perfuming agents, and dyes.
- compositions may be applied with excellent results to general cutting operations Where cooling and lubricating of the tool and work piece under adverse conditions are encountered.
- Metals machined with the aid of fluids of this invention have good surface finish, are free from rust and the cutting tool life is excellent.
- An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.05 to about 5 moles per liter of water each of (1) a water-soluble sulfur-containing alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal thiosulfate, alkali metal hydrosulfite, alkali metal persulfate, alkali metal thiodiacetate and (2) a hydroxyl-containing reducing agent selected from the group consisting of 'hydroxylamine, glucose, lactose, resorcinol, pyrogallol and phloroglucinol.
- An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of Water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of Water each of sodium thiosulfate and hydroxylamine.
- An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of Water each of sodium thiodiacetate and hydroxylamine.
- An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of water each of sodium thiodiacetate and phenyl hydroxylamine.
- An aqueous metal-Working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of water each of sodium thiodiacetate and pyrogallol.
- the lubricant composition of claim 2 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of Watermiscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol, and an ethanolamine.
- the lubricant composition of claim 3 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of water miscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol, and an ethanolamine.
- the lubricant composition of claim 4 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of watermiscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylenc glycol, and an ethanolamine.
- the lubricant composition of claim 5 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of watermiscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol, and an ethanolamine.
Description
ilnited rates Free 3,079,340 METAL WORKWG LUBRICANT Thomas E. Reamer, El Cerrito, Califl, assignor to Shell Oil Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Get. 5, 1959, Ser. No. 844,211 9 Claims. (Cl. 25233.6)
This invention relates to aqueous base metal-working lubricating compositions. More particularly, it relates to a water-base metal cutting fluid.
It is well known in the art that water base fluids possess good cooling properties for processing metals, but that they lack the lubricity and extreme pressure properties of oil base lubricants and usually cause corrosion. On the other hand, oil base lubricants are inferior coolants and are costly.
The art discloses various means of imparting rust inhibiting and extreme pressure properties to water base metal-working lubricants, but with little success. Among the materials commonly used for this purpose are watersoluble non-ionic compounds, such as alkyl phenolethylene ox'de reaction products, tallow, fatty acids, soaps,
such as sodium or potassium oleate or sulfonate, in combination with water-soluble alkali metal compounds and mixtures thereof, such as the nitrites, phosphates, carbonates, or chromates, e.g., mixtures of sodium nitrite and sodium phosphate, or mixtures of sodium nitriteand sodium carbonate. Water-oil emulsions additionally present a dermatitis and stability problem upon use and are generally undesirable because of their opaqueness thus making it difficult to observe the machining process.
It is an object of this invention to provide a cutting fluid having both good cooling and good lubricating properties. Another object of the invention is to provide a non-corrosive aqueous cutting solution. Still another object of the invention is to provide a stable, non-corrosive, aqueous cutting composition free of ingredients capa ble of causing dermatitis infections. Another object of the invention is to provide a multi-functional metal working lubricant useful at high speeds, heavy loads, high pressures and high temperatures.
The above and other objects are attained in accordance with the present invention by an aqueous medium, such as water containing from about 0.05 to about moles per liter (molar=l\ i), preferably from 0.1 to 1 mole each of (l) a water-soluble alkali metal compound containIng at least one sulfur atom in the molecule, preferably in an oxidized state, and (2) a water-soluble reducing agent containing at least a group selected from hydroxyl and amino groups, a preferred class of compounds being amino and hydroxy-containing compounds, for example,"
hydroxylamine. The final water-base fluid should have a pH of at least 7, preferably between 8 and 11.
The combination of the above additives functions in a particular manner to produce an outstanding extreme pressure water base metal-working fluid.
The water-soluble alkali metal compounds which must contain sulfur in the molecule include sodium, lithium or potassium sulfur-containing salts, the anionic portion being either an inorganic sulfur-containing anion, preferably in an oxidized state, such as a sulfate, persulfate, thiosulfate, sulfoxylate, dithionate, as well as sulfide or hydrosulfide or an organic sulfur-containing anion such as mercaptocarboxylate, thiocarboxylate and mixtures thereof. The water-soluble alkali metal organic sulfurcontaining salts include, sodium, lithium or potassium salts of mercapto monoand poly-carboxylic acids such as sodium, lithium or potassium mercaptoacetate, mercaptoproprionate, mercaptosuccinate, mercaptoglutarate and mercaptoadipate; sodium, lithium or potassium salts of monoor polysulfide-containing carboxylic acids such as sodium, lithium or potassium salts of C alkyl thio C alkylcarboxylic acid, e.g., methylthioacetic acid, ethylthioacetic acid, ethylthiopro-pionic acid, methyldithioacctic acid, ethyldithioacetic acid; sulfur-containing dicarboxylic acids, e.g., thiodiacetic acid, thiodipropionic acid, dithiodiacetic acid, and the like. The salts which are preferred are sodium mercaptoacetate, mercaptosuccinate, thiodiacetate, thiodipropionate, dithiodiacetate and mixtures thereof.
The water-soluble hydroxy-containing reducing agent includes inorganic compounds such as hydroxylamine and organic compounds such as water-soluble amino compounds such as phenyl hydrozine hydrochloride, phenyl hydroxylamine, aliphatic or aromatic polyhydroxyl-containing compounds such as carbohydrates, e.g., glucose, lactose; aromatic polyhydroxyl-containing compounds such as resorcinol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol and the like. i In cases'where the-metal being worked is extremely susceptible to corrosion or extremely difiicult frictional conditions are encountered, the addition of from 0.5% to 10%, preferably 1% to 5% each of an alkanolamine corrosion inhibitor such as mono, di or triethanolamine, mono-, di-, or tripropanolamine, etc, or the like; and as an antifriction agent a water-soluble hetero copolymeric alkylene glycol, ether or e or thereof, wherein the different oxyalkylene units are substantially randomly distributed throughout the entire polyoxyalkylene chain.
5 The water-soluble hetero copolymer improves the antifrictional properties of compositions of the present invention, particularly under slow sliding conditions. On the other hand, other non-ionic polymeric compounds such as alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide reaction products, block copolymers of dissimilar alkylene oxides and their derivatives such as are commercially available under the trade name of Pluronics and the like produce undesirable frictional problems, foaming, instability and the like. I
The water-miscible hetero-copolymer polyalkylene oxide fluids also enhance the load carrying properties of the composition of the present invention. The above oxides are hetero-copolymers of dissimilar alkylene oxides such as copolymer ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide (poly(oxyethylene-1,2-oxypropylene)glycol), as well as I monoethers and monoesters thereof, preferably at oxide ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 ethylene oxide to 1,2-
, propylene oxide, and molecular weight of from about 250 erably have from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, While the monocarboxylic acids preferably have from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
The following compositions are representative of the invention, which can be used neat or diluted with from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 10 parts of water, as metalworking lubricants for cutting, drilling and the like. The concentrations are molar.
Composition A:
Sodium thiosulfate 0.1 M
Hydroxylamine 0.1 M Composition B:
Sodium hydrosulfite 0.1 M
Hydroxylamine 0.1 M Composition C:
Potassium pcrsulfate 0.1 M
Hydroxylamine 0.1 M
3 Composition D:
Sodium thiosulfate 0.1 M
Glucose 0.1 M Composition E:
Sodium thiosulfate 0.1 M
Hydroxylamine 0.1 M
Triethanolamine 2% wt.
Hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide-1,2 propylene oxide (75/25), visc. 450/ 100 F wt. Composition F:
The outstanding properties of compositions of this invention were demonstrated by subjecting them to the following tests:
(1) Four-ball machine test as described in the Journal of the Institute of Petroleum Technology, pages 206229, April 1946.
(2) Tool life test.--The compositions were used as lubricants in drilling 1 holes in A181 4340 steel and the number of holes drilled to failure of tool was noted.
(3) Rust test.-Cast iron strips were immersed in the test lubricant for 24 hours and the strips were then removed and assigned a rust rating of A=none, B=trace, C=moderate, Dzheavy.
Compositions A-K in the four-ball test gave average weld load (kg) values of between 600 and 800, averaged around 175 holes drilled in the tool life test and in the rust test gave a rating of A. When the reducing agents were omitted from compositions A-K and the salt concentration increased to 0.2 M, the average weld load (kg) varied between 300-400 kg. Also, when the salts were omitted from compositions A-K and the amount of reducing agent adjusted to 0.2 M the average weld load (kg) was reduced to 100-200 kg. Also, in each case when one or the other of the two essential additives were omitted from compositions AK the tool life was reduced to approximately 30-35 holes drilled.
Compositions of this invention may contain additional additives, such as water-soluble corrosion inhibitor, e.g., sodium mercaptobenzothiazole, anti-foaming agents such as silicone polymer, perfuming agents, and dyes. The
compositions may be applied with excellent results to general cutting operations Where cooling and lubricating of the tool and work piece under adverse conditions are encountered. Metals machined with the aid of fluids of this invention have good surface finish, are free from rust and the cutting tool life is excellent.
I claim as my invention:
1. An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.05 to about 5 moles per liter of water each of (1) a water-soluble sulfur-containing alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal thiosulfate, alkali metal hydrosulfite, alkali metal persulfate, alkali metal thiodiacetate and (2) a hydroxyl-containing reducing agent selected from the group consisting of 'hydroxylamine, glucose, lactose, resorcinol, pyrogallol and phloroglucinol.
2. An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of Water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of Water each of sodium thiosulfate and hydroxylamine.
3. An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of Water each of sodium thiodiacetate and hydroxylamine.
4. An aqueous metal-working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of water each of sodium thiodiacetate and phenyl hydroxylamine.
5. An aqueous metal-Working lubricant consisting essentially of a major amount of water and from about 0.1 to 1 mole per liter of water each of sodium thiodiacetate and pyrogallol.
6. The lubricant composition of claim 2 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of Watermiscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol, and an ethanolamine.
7. The lubricant composition of claim 3 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of water miscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol, and an ethanolamine.
8. The lubricant composition of claim 4 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of watermiscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylenc glycol, and an ethanolamine.
9. The lubricant composition of claim 5 containing from about 2% to about 10% by weight each of watermiscible hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol, and an ethanolamine.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,063,297 Crabtree et al. Dec. 8, 1936 2,588,234 Henricks Mar. 4, 1952 2,981,686 Reamer Apr. 25, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS 807,660 Great Britain Jan. 21, 1959
Claims (1)
1. AN AQUEOUS METAL-WORKING LUBRICANT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MAJOR AMOUNT OF WATER AND FROM ABOUT 0.05 TO ABOUT 5 MOLES PER LITER OF WATER EACH OF (1) A WATER-SOLUBLE SULFUR-CONTAINING ALKALI METAL SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALI METAL THIOSULFATE, ALKALI METAL HYDROSULFIDE, ALKALI METAL PERSULFATE, ALKALI METAL THIODIACETATE AND (2) A HYDROXYL-CONTAINING REDUCING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROXYLAMINE, GLUCOSE, LACTOSE, RESORCINOL, PYROGALLOL AND PHLOROGLUCINOL.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US844211A US3079340A (en) | 1959-10-05 | 1959-10-05 | Metal working lubricant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US844211A US3079340A (en) | 1959-10-05 | 1959-10-05 | Metal working lubricant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3079340A true US3079340A (en) | 1963-02-26 |
Family
ID=25292128
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US844211A Expired - Lifetime US3079340A (en) | 1959-10-05 | 1959-10-05 | Metal working lubricant |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3079340A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2029680A1 (en) * | 1969-01-30 | 1970-10-23 | Schmierstoffkombinat | Electrolytic lubricant and cooling medium - for metal cutting |
US5211872A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1993-05-18 | Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Composition for detoxifying ammonia and chloramine in aquatic environments and method of making the same |
US5346556A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1994-09-13 | Xerox Corporation | Lathing and cleaning process for photoreceptor substrates |
US5395585A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1995-03-07 | Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for controlling odor |
US5534172A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1996-07-09 | Xerox Corporation | Cutting fluid |
WO1998008919A2 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Solutia Inc. | Novel water soluble metal working fluids |
EP1156100A1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-21 | Atofina | Waterborn multifunctional lubricant based on dithiodiglycolic acid |
WO2009147373A2 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Castrol Limited | Compositions and method |
CN106459822A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-02-22 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Water-soluble metal working oil and coolant for metal working |
EP3124583A4 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-09-06 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd | Water-soluble metalworking fluid, and metalworking coolant |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2063297A (en) * | 1934-10-25 | 1936-12-08 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acid hardening fixing composition and method of preparing the same |
US2588234A (en) * | 1950-10-31 | 1952-03-04 | John A Henricks | Method of drawing metal |
GB807660A (en) * | 1957-01-30 | 1959-01-21 | Amchem Prod | Improvements in or relating to the surface treatment and cold-working of metals |
US2981686A (en) * | 1958-10-30 | 1961-04-25 | Shell Oil Co | Metal working lubricants |
-
1959
- 1959-10-05 US US844211A patent/US3079340A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2063297A (en) * | 1934-10-25 | 1936-12-08 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acid hardening fixing composition and method of preparing the same |
US2588234A (en) * | 1950-10-31 | 1952-03-04 | John A Henricks | Method of drawing metal |
GB807660A (en) * | 1957-01-30 | 1959-01-21 | Amchem Prod | Improvements in or relating to the surface treatment and cold-working of metals |
US2981686A (en) * | 1958-10-30 | 1961-04-25 | Shell Oil Co | Metal working lubricants |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2029680A1 (en) * | 1969-01-30 | 1970-10-23 | Schmierstoffkombinat | Electrolytic lubricant and cooling medium - for metal cutting |
US5211872A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1993-05-18 | Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Composition for detoxifying ammonia and chloramine in aquatic environments and method of making the same |
US5395585A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1995-03-07 | Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for controlling odor |
US5346556A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1994-09-13 | Xerox Corporation | Lathing and cleaning process for photoreceptor substrates |
US5534172A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1996-07-09 | Xerox Corporation | Cutting fluid |
WO1998008919A2 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Solutia Inc. | Novel water soluble metal working fluids |
WO1998008919A3 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-10-28 | Solutia Inc | Novel water soluble metal working fluids |
US6706670B2 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2004-03-16 | Solutia, Inc. | Water soluble metal working fluids |
FR2809117A1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-23 | Atofina | MULTIFUNCTIONAL AQUEOUS LUBRICANT BASED ON DITHIODIGLYCOLIC ACID |
US6355604B2 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-03-12 | Atofina | Multifunctional aqueous lubricant based on dithiodiglycolic acid |
EP1156100A1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-21 | Atofina | Waterborn multifunctional lubricant based on dithiodiglycolic acid |
WO2009147373A2 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Castrol Limited | Compositions and method |
EP2147968A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2010-01-27 | Castrol Limited | Compositions and methods |
WO2009147373A3 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2010-04-01 | Castrol Limited | Compositions and method |
CN106459822A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-02-22 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Water-soluble metal working oil and coolant for metal working |
EP3124583A4 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-09-06 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd | Water-soluble metalworking fluid, and metalworking coolant |
CN106459822B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2020-01-24 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Water-soluble metal working oil and coolant for metal working |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4250046A (en) | Diethanol disulfide as an extreme pressure and anti-wear additive in water soluble metalworking fluids | |
US3933658A (en) | Metalworking additive and composition | |
US2692859A (en) | Metal-working lubricant | |
US4151099A (en) | Water-based hydraulic fluid and metalworking lubricant | |
US4138346A (en) | Water-based hydraulic fluid | |
US2825693A (en) | Metal working lubricant | |
US4654155A (en) | Microemulsion lubricant | |
US3079340A (en) | Metal working lubricant | |
US3980571A (en) | Synthetic lubricant for machining and chipless deformation of metals | |
US4312768A (en) | Synergistic polyether thickeners for water-based hydraulic fluids | |
JPS6043395B2 (en) | Metal machining method and lubricant concentrate used therein | |
KR900005104B1 (en) | Water-soluble additives having extreme pressure effect for aqueous functional fluids and concentrated aqueous compositions containing the said addtives | |
US5322631A (en) | Water-soluble lubricant composition | |
US3177144A (en) | Lubricating composition | |
US2981686A (en) | Metal working lubricants | |
US3704321A (en) | Polyoxyalkylene bis-thiourea extreme pressure agents and methods of use | |
WO1992016603A1 (en) | Lubrication for cold forming of metals | |
US4218329A (en) | Cooling and lubricating fluid for metal working | |
US3000826A (en) | Transparent metal working lubricant composition | |
US3256187A (en) | Cutting fluid | |
US4670168A (en) | Aqueous metal removal fluid | |
US2989465A (en) | Lubricant for hot rolling of non-ferrous metals | |
US2957825A (en) | Powdered soap lubricant containing inorganic sulfur salts | |
US4119547A (en) | High temperature lubricant composition | |
US5874390A (en) | Aqueous machining fluid and method |