US2992993A - Liquid detergent compositions - Google Patents

Liquid detergent compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2992993A
US2992993A US710174A US71017458A US2992993A US 2992993 A US2992993 A US 2992993A US 710174 A US710174 A US 710174A US 71017458 A US71017458 A US 71017458A US 2992993 A US2992993 A US 2992993A
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proportion
weight
ethyl alcohol
fatty acid
mucilaginous
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US710174A
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Peter J Pengilly
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Priority claimed from GB252057A external-priority patent/GB815850A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
    • C11D1/655—Mixtures of sulfonated products with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0089—Pearlescent compositions; Opacifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
    • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
    • C11D3/2044—Dihydric alcohols linear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2065—Polyhydric alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/43—Solvents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to general purpose detergent compositions in the form of stable, opaque viscous liquids.
  • General purpose synthetic detergent compositions in powder form are well known. These usually contain a synthetic detergent and an alkaline phosphate material such as a pyrophosphate or tripolyphosphate. They may also contain organic suds boosters such as fatty acid alkylolamides. Other normal ingredients of such compositions are alkali metal silicates, carboxymethyl cellulose, optical bleaching agents, colour, perfume, tarnish inhibitors and so forth.
  • the synthetic detergents most commony used are alkyl aryl sulphonates and especially sodium 'alkylbenzene sulphonate, the alkyl radical of which is derived from a propylene tetramer.
  • Liquid detergent compositions are well-known as shampoos and fine-wash products, but such compositions do not contain alkaline materials such as phosphates in the proportions necessary to produce a satisfactory general purpose detergent. Attempts to add such salts to the liquid detergent compositions lead to separation of the product into two or more phases unless the product is so dilute as to be unsatisfactory for the market. Hitherto the general purpose liquid synthetic detergents have been single-phase liquid compositions and accurate control of the ionic composition of the liquid is necessary to avoid separation into two or more phases as a result of temperature change.
  • a heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of a stable, opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which does not separate into two or more layers and which contains, by weight, from 10% to 22% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, from 15% to 22% of potassium pyrophosphate, from 2% to of fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, from 3% to 5% of ethyl alcohol and from 3% to 5% of glycerol or from 1% to 3% of propylene glycol.
  • the polyhydric alcohol (propylene glycol or glycerol) and the ethyl alcohol together are responsible for the mucilaginous nature of the fluid.
  • the ratio of ethyl alcohol to polyhydric alcohol is critical and should be determined by experiment for any particular composition.
  • the product is best made by mixing together at about 70 F. all the ingredients except ethyl alcohol and then withdrawing a sample of the mix, dividing it into several portions and mixing into each portion different proportions of ethyl alcohol within the range stated above.
  • the samples are then allowed to stand for a few minutes after which it will be found that the samples to which too little or too much ethyl alcohol has been added separate into two or more distinct phases whereas the samples with the correct proportion of ethyl alcohol have a stable muci- ICE 2. laginous character.
  • the optimum proportion of ethyl alcohol can then be mixed into the bulk composition.
  • composition of the present invention may contain up to 2.5% sodium silicate solids and up to 6% urea.
  • proportion of alkyl dodecyl benzene sulphonate preferably ranges from 10% to 15% and the proportion of potassium pyrophos-. phate preferably ranges from 15% to 20%.
  • compositions may also contain other, normal additives for detergent compositions such as optical bleaching agents, tarnish inhibitors, colour and perfume.
  • liquid detergent compositions according to the invention are examples of liquid detergent compositions according to the invention:
  • a non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 10-22% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion of 15-22% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and propylene glycol in a proportion of 1 to 3% by weight, and water from about 41% to about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart a mucilaginous character to the fluid.
  • a non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to 80 F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 1015% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion 15-20% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, sodium silicate in a proportion of at most 2.5% on a dry weight basis and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the Class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and propylene glycol in a proportion of l to 3% by weight, and water from about 47.5% to about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and the polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart
  • a non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to 80 F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 10-22% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion of 1522% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, urea in a proportion of at most 6% by weight, and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, and propylene glycolin a proportion of 1 to 3% by weight, and'water from about 35% to about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart
  • a non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to 80", F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 10-15% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion of 15-20% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, urea in a proportion of at most 6% by weight and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and propylene glycol in a proportion of 1 to 3% by weight, and water from about 44% to 4 about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart a m
  • Trexler Phosphates, Soap and Sanitary Chem, July 1950, pages 39-41 and 82.

Description

United States Patent 2,992,993 LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS Peter J. Pengilly, Stocksfield, Northumberland, England,
assignor to The Procter & Gamble Company, Ivorydale, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Filed Jan. 21, 1958, Ser. No. 710,174 Claims priority, application Great Britain Jan. 23, 1957 4 Claims. (Cl. 252-139) The invention relates to general purpose detergent compositions in the form of stable, opaque viscous liquids.
General purpose synthetic detergent compositions in powder form are well known. These usually contain a synthetic detergent and an alkaline phosphate material such as a pyrophosphate or tripolyphosphate. They may also contain organic suds boosters such as fatty acid alkylolamides. Other normal ingredients of such compositions are alkali metal silicates, carboxymethyl cellulose, optical bleaching agents, colour, perfume, tarnish inhibitors and so forth. The synthetic detergents most commony used are alkyl aryl sulphonates and especially sodium 'alkylbenzene sulphonate, the alkyl radical of which is derived from a propylene tetramer.
These powdered synthetic detergent compositions, although very efliective in washing performance, have neverthe less certain disadvantages in use such as slow solution rate, tendency to form lumps, difliculty in dispensing accurate quantities and so forth. These difliculties do not exist with a liquid composition.
Liquid detergent compositions are well-known as shampoos and fine-wash products, but such compositions do not contain alkaline materials such as phosphates in the proportions necessary to produce a satisfactory general purpose detergent. Attempts to add such salts to the liquid detergent compositions lead to separation of the product into two or more phases unless the product is so dilute as to be unsatisfactory for the market. Hitherto the general purpose liquid synthetic detergents have been single-phase liquid compositions and accurate control of the ionic composition of the liquid is necessary to avoid separation into two or more phases as a result of temperature change.
It is the object of the present invention to provide liquid detergents in the form of opaque mucilaginous liquids which do not separate on standing and which remain stable over the temperature range 40 F. to 80 F.
According to the present invention, there is provided a heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of a stable, opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which does not separate into two or more layers and which contains, by weight, from 10% to 22% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, from 15% to 22% of potassium pyrophosphate, from 2% to of fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, from 3% to 5% of ethyl alcohol and from 3% to 5% of glycerol or from 1% to 3% of propylene glycol.
The polyhydric alcohol (propylene glycol or glycerol) and the ethyl alcohol together are responsible for the mucilaginous nature of the fluid. The ratio of ethyl alcohol to polyhydric alcohol is critical and should be determined by experiment for any particular composition. The product is best made by mixing together at about 70 F. all the ingredients except ethyl alcohol and then withdrawing a sample of the mix, dividing it into several portions and mixing into each portion different proportions of ethyl alcohol within the range stated above. The samples are then allowed to stand for a few minutes after which it will be found that the samples to which too little or too much ethyl alcohol has been added separate into two or more distinct phases whereas the samples with the correct proportion of ethyl alcohol have a stable muci- ICE 2. laginous character. The optimum proportion of ethyl alcohol can then be mixed into the bulk composition.
The composition of the present invention may contain up to 2.5% sodium silicate solids and up to 6% urea. Whensodinm silicate solids are present the proportion of alkyl dodecyl benzene sulphonate preferably ranges from 10% to 15% and the proportion of potassium pyrophos-. phate preferably ranges from 15% to 20%.
The compositions may also contain other, normal additives for detergent compositions such as optical bleaching agents, tarnish inhibitors, colour and perfume.
The following are examples of liquid detergent compositions according to the invention:
I claim:
1. A non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 10-22% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion of 15-22% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and propylene glycol in a proportion of 1 to 3% by weight, and water from about 41% to about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart a mucilaginous character to the fluid.
2. A non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to 80 F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 1015% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion 15-20% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, sodium silicate in a proportion of at most 2.5% on a dry weight basis and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the Class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and propylene glycol in a proportion of l to 3% by weight, and water from about 47.5% to about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and the polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart a mucilaginous character to the fluid.
3. A non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to 80 F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 10-22% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion of 1522% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, urea in a proportion of at most 6% by weight, and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, and propylene glycolin a proportion of 1 to 3% by weight, and'water from about 35% to about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart a mucilaginous character to the fluid.
4. A non-soap heavy-duty detergent composition in the form of an opaque, mucilaginous, aqueous liquid which remains stable over the temperature range of 40 to 80", F. and which does not separate into two or more layers, consisting essentially of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a proportion of 10-15% by weight, potassium pyrophosphate in a proportion of 15-20% by weight, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, in which the fatty acid moiety is derived from coconut oil, in a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight, ethyl alcohol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, urea in a proportion of at most 6% by weight and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the class consisting of glycerol in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight and propylene glycol in a proportion of 1 to 3% by weight, and water from about 44% to 4 about 69%, the proportions of the ethyl alcohol and polyhydric alcohol being adjusted to impart a mucilaginous character to the fluid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Harris: Shampoo Formulation, in the Amer. Perfumer and Essential Oil Review, November 1946, pages 54-56. 1 Harris: Shampoo Formulation, in the American Perfumer and Essential Oil Review, December 1946, pages 71, Band 75.
Schwartz and Perry: Surface Active Agents, Interscience Pub. Inc., N.Y., 1949., page 235.
Trexler: Phosphates, Soap and Sanitary Chem, July 1950, pages 39-41 and 82.

Claims (1)

1. AN NON-SOAP HEAVY-DUTY DETERGENT COMPOSITION IN THE FROM OF AN OPAQUE, MUCILAGINOUS, AQUEOUS LIQUID WHICH REMAINS STABLE OVER THE TEMPERATURE RANGE OF 40* TO 80* F. AND WHICH DOES NOT SEPARATE INTO TWO OF MORE LAYERS, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF SODIUM DODECYL BENZENE SULPHONATE IN A PROPORTION OF 10-22% BY WEIGHT, POTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE IN A PROPORTION OF 15-22% BY WEIGHT, A FATTY ACID MONOETHANOLAMIDE, IN WHCIH THE FATTY ACID MOIETY IS DERIVED FROM COCONUT OIL, IN A PROPORTION OF 2 TO 5% BY WEIGHT, ETHYL ALCOHOL IN A PROPORTION OF 3 TO 5% BY WEIGHT AND A POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF GLYCEROL IN A PROPORTION OF 3 TO 5% BY WEIGHT AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL IN A PROPORTION OF 1 TO 3% BY WEIGHT, AND WATER FROM ABOUT 41% TO ABOUT 69%, THE PROPORTIONS OF THE ETHYL ALCOHOL AND POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL BEING ADJUSTED TO IMPART A MUCILAGINOUS CHARACTER TO THE FLUID.
US710174A 1957-01-23 1958-01-21 Liquid detergent compositions Expired - Lifetime US2992993A (en)

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GB252057A GB815850A (en) 1957-01-23 Improvements in or relating to liquid detergent compositions

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3354565A (en) * 1966-02-01 1967-11-28 Texas Instruments Inc Passive information displays
US3819528A (en) * 1968-12-23 1974-06-25 Procter & Gamble Stabilized aqueous enzyme compositions
US3935129A (en) * 1973-10-25 1976-01-27 Jabalee Walter J Liquid cleaning compositions
DE2819975A1 (en) * 1977-05-10 1978-11-16 Colgate Palmolive Co LIQUID DETERGENT
US4260528A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-07 Lever Brothers Company Aqueous high viscosity liquid dishwasher compositions
US4530775A (en) * 1981-11-13 1985-07-23 Lever Brothers Company Stable liquid detergent suspensions
US20080207317A1 (en) * 2007-01-24 2008-08-28 Splitfish Gameware Inc. Game controller with tactile feedback

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2477383A (en) * 1946-12-26 1949-07-26 California Research Corp Sulfonated detergent and its method of preparation
US2607740A (en) * 1950-05-03 1952-08-19 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Liquid anionic-dialkylolamide detergent composition
US2618607A (en) * 1952-11-18 Liquid
US2733214A (en) * 1956-01-31 Synthetic detergent compositions
US2773835A (en) * 1951-11-16 1956-12-11 Colgate Palmolive Co Liquid shampoo composition

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2618607A (en) * 1952-11-18 Liquid
US2733214A (en) * 1956-01-31 Synthetic detergent compositions
US2477383A (en) * 1946-12-26 1949-07-26 California Research Corp Sulfonated detergent and its method of preparation
US2607740A (en) * 1950-05-03 1952-08-19 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Liquid anionic-dialkylolamide detergent composition
US2773835A (en) * 1951-11-16 1956-12-11 Colgate Palmolive Co Liquid shampoo composition

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3354565A (en) * 1966-02-01 1967-11-28 Texas Instruments Inc Passive information displays
US3819528A (en) * 1968-12-23 1974-06-25 Procter & Gamble Stabilized aqueous enzyme compositions
US3935129A (en) * 1973-10-25 1976-01-27 Jabalee Walter J Liquid cleaning compositions
DE2819975A1 (en) * 1977-05-10 1978-11-16 Colgate Palmolive Co LIQUID DETERGENT
US4244840A (en) * 1977-05-10 1981-01-13 Colgate-Palmolive Company Self-opacified liquid hard surface cleaning compositions
US4260528A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-07 Lever Brothers Company Aqueous high viscosity liquid dishwasher compositions
US4530775A (en) * 1981-11-13 1985-07-23 Lever Brothers Company Stable liquid detergent suspensions
US20080207317A1 (en) * 2007-01-24 2008-08-28 Splitfish Gameware Inc. Game controller with tactile feedback

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