US2992150A - Core-spun yarn reenforced composite products - Google Patents

Core-spun yarn reenforced composite products Download PDF

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US2992150A
US2992150A US613368A US61336856A US2992150A US 2992150 A US2992150 A US 2992150A US 613368 A US613368 A US 613368A US 61336856 A US61336856 A US 61336856A US 2992150 A US2992150 A US 2992150A
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core
yarn
staple
yarns
cotton
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US613368A
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Goy Ronald Stansfield
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Dunlop Rubber Co Ltd
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Dunlop Rubber Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/447—Yarns or threads for specific use in general industrial applications, e.g. as filters or reinforcement
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/02—Cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament

Definitions

  • This invention relates to composite products containing textile yarns and plastic compositions having a basis of a polyvinyl compound.
  • Cotton yarns stick naturally to plastic compositions due to their fibrous nature, the hairs of the cotton staple giving in effect a mechani 1 1 look.
  • continuous filament yarns made, for example, of regenerated cellulose, nylon or polyesters require to be hotstretched to avoid subsequent deformation and then have to be treated with a bonding agent in order to make them adhere satisfactorily.
  • Artificial staple fibre yarns are produced from rayon, nylon or like material by cutting filaments thereof into staple form and spinning the staple fibre thus formed. Such yarns can also be used as a reinforcement but they are generally not so strong as and have a higher extensibility than comparable yarns made of continuous filaments. Moreover it has been found that the force necessary to break down the adhesion between the yarn and the composition is normally proportional to the strength of the individual fibres forming the yarn and therefore with the weaker or staple fibres, e.g. rayon, adhesion is less satisfactory than with the stronger fibres e.g. nylon.
  • a composite material comprises core-spun yarns comprising continuous filamentary material twisted together with staple fibres, the proportion of continuous filamentary material being between 50% and 90% by weight, embedded in a plastic composition having a basis of a poly vinyl compound.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a portion of the yarn, a part of the outer spun yarn being shown as removed at one end to show the structure of the core, and
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a rubber belting showing the position of the yarn or thread either as separate longitudinally extending threads or as a fabric having such threads as warp and light weft.
  • the core is made of a number of filaments 11 having a twist and extending longitudinally of the yarn. These filaments are of continuous filamentary material. Spun on this core is a layer of staple fibres 12.
  • cords 13 of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 are embedded in a mass 14 of the plastic composition.
  • the cords 13 may be in the form of longitudinally extending warp having filler threads 15.
  • continuous filament yarn is The invention is of particular importance in the production of belting made of a polyvinyl chloride composition reinforced by a'textile material, since it makes it possible to obtain the advantages both of continuous filament yarns and also of staple fibre yarns.
  • a yarn made by core-spinning a continuous filament nylon or Terylene yarn with cotton fibres possesses both the high tenacity of the core yarn together with the good bonding properties of cotton yarns for polyvinyl chloride compositions, so that by using such yarn conveyor or transmission belting can be obtained having the high strength obtainable with nylon or Terylene reinforcements and the good adhesion between the reinforcement and the composition obtainable with cotton or other staple fibre yarn.
  • Filamentary materials which may be used include those made of regenerated cellulose, nylon or the polyester sold under the registered trade mark Terylene, and the staple fibres may be of such materials or may be natural fibres e.g. cotton.
  • the filaments and the staple fibres in a yarn may be of similar or dissimilar materials.
  • rayon, nylon or Terylene filaments may be spun with a layer of cotton staple.
  • Other suitable combina tions are, nylon filaments and nylon staple, rayon filaments and rayon staple.
  • the yarn comprises between 20% and 40% staple fibre though the proportions of continuous filament to staple may be varied providing the latter does not exceed 50% of the yarn.
  • yarns constituted by 70% Terylene and 30% cotton, or 60% nylon and 40% cotton provide, when doubled, satisfactory cords.
  • the basic yarn was made by core spinning 215 0 denier Terylene with 30s cotton roving to a resultant yarn count of 12s.
  • the core-spun yarn was then doubled twelve fold and the doubled yarn cabled four fold to give a 12s/ 12/ 4 construction.
  • the cabled cord had a tensile strength of 225 1b. and its composition was approximately 60% Terylene and 40% cotton.
  • the calculated strength of the continuous filament Terylene in the cord is 172 1b.
  • the cotton used was combed Egyptian Karnak of Fully Good Grade.
  • a 30s/ 12/ 4 cord from this type of cotton should have a strength of approximately 53 1b., i.e. the difi'erence between the strength of the blended cord and that of the calculated strength of its Terylene component.
  • the cord thus develops the combined strength of the two components.
  • the finished belting fabric had a tensile strength of 2,100 lb./1 ply in the warp direction and 540 lb. per inch in the weft direction.
  • Belting may be made by impregnation of this fabric with a flexible polyvinyl composition consisting of:
  • ticiser e.g. a mixture of tritolyl phosphate and dioctyl phthalate.
  • a composite material comprising a plastic composition having a basis of a polyvinyl compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate and 'copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride having embedded therein yarns comprising a core of continuous filamentary material having a layer of a roving of staple fibres spun thereon wherein the proportion of continuous filamentary material is between and by Weight of the yarn.

Description

July 11, 1961 R. s. GOY 2,992,150
CORE-SPUN YARN REENFORCED COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed Oct. 2, 1956 INVENTOR. PoNeLD STQNSFIELD 60* BY @4 1 $02M FITTOENE Y r' 2,992,150 1C Patented July-11, 1961 CORE-SPUN YARN REENFOROED COMPOSIT PRODUCTS Ronald Stans'field Goy, Castle Bromwich, near Birmingham, England, assignor to 'Dunlop Rubber Company Limited, London County, England, a British company Filed Oct. 2, 1956, Ser. No. 613,368 Claims-priority, application Great Britain Oct. 4, 1955 1 4 Claims. (Cl. 1'54-5.2)
This invention relates to composite products containing textile yarns and plastic compositions having a basis of a polyvinyl compound.
Cotton yarns stick naturally to plastic compositions due to their fibrous nature, the hairs of the cotton staple giving in effect a mechani 1 1 look. On the other hand continuous filament yarns made, for example, of regenerated cellulose, nylon or polyesters require to be hotstretched to avoid subsequent deformation and then have to be treated with a bonding agent in order to make them adhere satisfactorily.
Artificial staple fibre yarns are produced from rayon, nylon or like material by cutting filaments thereof into staple form and spinning the staple fibre thus formed. Such yarns can also be used as a reinforcement but they are generally not so strong as and have a higher extensibility than comparable yarns made of continuous filaments. Moreover it has been found that the force necessary to break down the adhesion between the yarn and the composition is normally proportional to the strength of the individual fibres forming the yarn and therefore with the weaker or staple fibres, e.g. rayon, adhesion is less satisfactory than with the stronger fibres e.g. nylon.
It has now been found that if continuous filaments and staple fibres are spun together by the process known as core-spinning or Belgian doubling, the continuous filaments being used in a proportion of from 50% to 90% by weight, yarn may be produced which will adhere better to plastic compositions having a basis of polyvinyl compound than yarn formed solely of continuous filaments and which still possesses a satisfactory tenacity. Moreover the tenacity of the core-spun yarn is found to be approximately equal to the sum of the tenacities of yarns obtained by spinning each of the components separately.
According to the present invention therefore a composite material comprises core-spun yarns comprising continuous filamentary material twisted together with staple fibres, the proportion of continuous filamentary material being between 50% and 90% by weight, embedded in a plastic composition having a basis of a poly vinyl compound.
The construction of the core of spun yarn and of a belting embedding it are shown in the accompanying drawings in which FIG. 1 is a side view of a portion of the yarn, a part of the outer spun yarn being shown as removed at one end to show the structure of the core, and
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a rubber belting showing the position of the yarn or thread either as separate longitudinally extending threads or as a fabric having such threads as warp and light weft.
In the core of spun yarn of FIG. 1 the core is made of a number of filaments 11 having a twist and extending longitudinally of the yarn. These filaments are of continuous filamentary material. Spun on this core is a layer of staple fibres 12.
In the section of FIG. 2 cords 13 of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 are embedded in a mass 14 of the plastic composition. The cords 13 may be in the form of longitudinally extending warp having filler threads 15.
continuous filament yarn is The invention is of particular importance in the production of belting made of a polyvinyl chloride composition reinforced by a'textile material, since it makes it possible to obtain the advantages both of continuous filament yarns and also of staple fibre yarns. Thus a yarn made by core-spinning a continuous filament nylon or Terylene yarn with cotton fibres possesses both the high tenacity of the core yarn together with the good bonding properties of cotton yarns for polyvinyl chloride compositions, so that by using such yarn conveyor or transmission belting can be obtained having the high strength obtainable with nylon or Terylene reinforcements and the good adhesion between the reinforcement and the composition obtainable with cotton or other staple fibre yarn.
Filamentary materials which may be used include those made of regenerated cellulose, nylon or the polyester sold under the registered trade mark Terylene, and the staple fibres may be of such materials or may be natural fibres e.g. cotton.
Furthermore, the filaments and the staple fibres in a yarn may be of similar or dissimilar materials. For example rayon, nylon or Terylene filaments may be spun with a layer of cotton staple. Other suitable combina tions are, nylon filaments and nylon staple, rayon filaments and rayon staple. Terylene filaments and Terylene staple, Terylene filaments and nylon staple, and nylon filaments and Terylene staple.
In core-spinnmg or Belgian doubling the yarn spun on a conventional spinning frame. The staple fibre, in roving form, is drafted in the usual manner and the twisted with the staple. By correctly balancing the twists, a layer of staple fibre is formed round the centre core of the continuous filament. If the continuous filament is nylon then by core-spinning with a low extensibility staple fibre, e.g. cotton, the additional advantage is obtained that the extensibility and creep of the composite yarn is lowered and the necessity for hotstretching is reduced or eliminated, the tendency towards heat shrinkage being also reduced.
Preferably the yarn comprises between 20% and 40% staple fibre though the proportions of continuous filament to staple may be varied providing the latter does not exceed 50% of the yarn. In respect it has been found that yarns constituted by 70% Terylene and 30% cotton, or 60% nylon and 40% cotton provide, when doubled, satisfactory cords.
An example of suitable yarn for use in conveyor belting is as follows:
The basic yarn was made by core spinning 215 0 denier Terylene with 30s cotton roving to a resultant yarn count of 12s. The core-spun yarn was then doubled twelve fold and the doubled yarn cabled four fold to give a 12s/ 12/ 4 construction.
The cabled cord had a tensile strength of 225 1b. and its composition was approximately 60% Terylene and 40% cotton.
The calculated strength of the continuous filament Terylene in the cord is 172 1b.
The cotton used was combed Egyptian Karnak of Fully Good Grade. A 30s/ 12/ 4 cord from this type of cotton should have a strength of approximately 53 1b., i.e. the difi'erence between the strength of the blended cord and that of the calculated strength of its Terylene component.
The cord thus develops the combined strength of the two components.
The twist particulars were as follows:
'Iwist/1"-single 12.0 Z (core-spun) 'I wist/ "-first folding 5.0 S Twist/l"seeond folding 2.0 Z
fed in at the front roller and- Conveyor belting fabric of the following construction was made with this cord as the warp and with a continuous filament nylon Weft.
Threads/1" Warp 13 Weft 8 Plies:
Warp 12s/12/4 Weft 210 denier/ 8/ 3 Weight/square yard 52.0 oz.
The finished belting fabric had a tensile strength of 2,100 lb./1 ply in the warp direction and 540 lb. per inch in the weft direction.
Belting may be made by impregnation of this fabric with a flexible polyvinyl composition consisting of:
Parts by weight Polyvinyl chloride 60 Tritolyl phosphate 20 Dioctyl phthalate Stabiliser 5 Colour and fillers 5 and. applied to the fabric in known manner such as by spreading or by calendering on a friction calender. The.
ticiser, e.g. a mixture of tritolyl phosphate and dioctyl phthalate.
Having now described my invention, what I claim is: 1. A composite material comprising a plastic composition having a basis of a polyvinyl compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate and 'copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride having embedded therein yarns comprising a core of continuous filamentary material having a layer of a roving of staple fibres spun thereon wherein the proportion of continuous filamentary material is between and by Weight of the yarn.
2. A composite material according -to claim 1 wherein the continuous filamentary material of the core-spun yarns is nylon and the staple fibres are cotton fibres.
3. A composite material according to claim 1 wherein the continuous filamentary material of the core-spun yarns is polyethylene terephthalate and the staple fibres are cotton fibres.
4. The composite material of claim 1 in which said yarns are doubled yarns each having a core of filamentary material and having a layer of a roving of staple fibres wound thereon.

Claims (1)

1. A COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A PLASTIC COMPOSITION HAVING A BASIS OF A POLYVINYL COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, COPOLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE AND VINYL ACETATE AND COPOLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE AND VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE HAVING EMBEDDED THEREIN YARNS COMPRISING A CORE OF CONTINUOUS
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316072A (en) * 1962-10-25 1967-04-25 Carborundum Co Abrasive coated backing of sheathed synthetic fiber yarns
US3429117A (en) * 1965-09-21 1969-02-25 Celanese Corp Composite nylon continuous filament yarns
US3504489A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-04-07 Celanese Corp Semicontinuous filament yarn
US3552468A (en) * 1967-09-12 1971-01-05 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Pneumatic tire with reduced susceptibility to defects
US4157752A (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-06-12 Albany International Corp. Impression surface conveyor belting and method of manufacture
US4265981A (en) * 1977-05-17 1981-05-05 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Impact-resisting composites
US4958485A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-09-25 Springs Industries, Inc. Corespun yarn for fire resistant safety apparel
US20110143082A1 (en) * 2010-06-29 2011-06-16 General Electric Company Ply drops modifications for composite laminate materials and related methods
EP3546628A1 (en) 2018-03-27 2019-10-02 Habasit AG Fabric and abrasive products containing it
IT201800009802A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2020-04-25 Candiani Spa COTTON-BASED STRETCH YARNS FOR STRETCH FABRICS WITH HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY
IT201800009805A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2020-04-25 Candiani Spa ELASTICIZED COTTON-BASED YARNS FOR STRETCH FABRICS WITH HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY AND MADE WITH CORE-SPUN TECHNIQUE

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053123A (en) * 1933-07-15 1936-09-01 Du Pont Rayon Co Artificial thread and method of making same
US2411326A (en) * 1942-11-27 1946-11-19 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Making reinforced slivers
US2477652A (en) * 1946-03-01 1949-08-02 Robbins Chandler Mixed yarn and fabric
US2526523A (en) * 1946-03-07 1950-10-17 United Merchants & Mfg Yarn and fabric and method of making same
US2608874A (en) * 1949-05-25 1952-09-02 Dayton Rubber Company Belt
US2721158A (en) * 1949-09-24 1955-10-18 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Power transmission belt
US2755214A (en) * 1952-07-18 1956-07-17 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Tire cord and method of making same

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053123A (en) * 1933-07-15 1936-09-01 Du Pont Rayon Co Artificial thread and method of making same
US2411326A (en) * 1942-11-27 1946-11-19 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Making reinforced slivers
US2477652A (en) * 1946-03-01 1949-08-02 Robbins Chandler Mixed yarn and fabric
US2526523A (en) * 1946-03-07 1950-10-17 United Merchants & Mfg Yarn and fabric and method of making same
US2608874A (en) * 1949-05-25 1952-09-02 Dayton Rubber Company Belt
US2721158A (en) * 1949-09-24 1955-10-18 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Power transmission belt
US2755214A (en) * 1952-07-18 1956-07-17 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Tire cord and method of making same

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316072A (en) * 1962-10-25 1967-04-25 Carborundum Co Abrasive coated backing of sheathed synthetic fiber yarns
US3429117A (en) * 1965-09-21 1969-02-25 Celanese Corp Composite nylon continuous filament yarns
US3504489A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-04-07 Celanese Corp Semicontinuous filament yarn
US3552468A (en) * 1967-09-12 1971-01-05 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Pneumatic tire with reduced susceptibility to defects
US3661668A (en) * 1967-09-12 1972-05-09 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Method of making a pneumatic tire with reduced susceptibility to blow or blister defects
US4265981A (en) * 1977-05-17 1981-05-05 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Impact-resisting composites
US4157752A (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-06-12 Albany International Corp. Impression surface conveyor belting and method of manufacture
DE2843580A1 (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-10-18 Albany Int Corp TAPE WITH SURFACE SURVEYS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
US4958485A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-09-25 Springs Industries, Inc. Corespun yarn for fire resistant safety apparel
US20110143082A1 (en) * 2010-06-29 2011-06-16 General Electric Company Ply drops modifications for composite laminate materials and related methods
EP3546628A1 (en) 2018-03-27 2019-10-02 Habasit AG Fabric and abrasive products containing it
WO2019185544A1 (en) 2018-03-27 2019-10-03 Habasit Ag Abrasive products comprising impregnated woven fabric and abrasive particles
IT201800009802A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2020-04-25 Candiani Spa COTTON-BASED STRETCH YARNS FOR STRETCH FABRICS WITH HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY
IT201800009805A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2020-04-25 Candiani Spa ELASTICIZED COTTON-BASED YARNS FOR STRETCH FABRICS WITH HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY AND MADE WITH CORE-SPUN TECHNIQUE
WO2020084361A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2020-04-30 Candiani S.P.A. Cotton-based elasticised yarns to make environment-friendly elasticised fabrics
WO2020084359A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2020-04-30 Candiani S.P.A. A method for making an elasticised yarn and fabric manufactured from said yarn
US20210395930A1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2021-12-23 Candiani S.P.A. Method for making an elasticised yarn and fabric manufactured from said yarn
US11686023B2 (en) * 2018-10-25 2023-06-27 Candiani S.P.A. Method for making an elasticised yarn and fabric manufactured from said yarn
US11952682B2 (en) 2018-10-25 2024-04-09 Candiani S.P.A. Cotton-based elasticised yarns to make environment-friendly elasticised fabrics

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