US2947702A - Liquid detergent compositions - Google Patents

Liquid detergent compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2947702A
US2947702A US710203A US71020358A US2947702A US 2947702 A US2947702 A US 2947702A US 710203 A US710203 A US 710203A US 71020358 A US71020358 A US 71020358A US 2947702 A US2947702 A US 2947702A
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United States
Prior art keywords
proportion
liquid detergent
acid
detergent compositions
dodecylbenzene sulphonate
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Expired - Lifetime
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US710203A
Inventor
Coskie Ronald
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB252157A external-priority patent/GB815851A/en
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Publication of US2947702A publication Critical patent/US2947702A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
    • C11D1/655—Mixtures of sulfonated products with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0047—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect pH regulated compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
    • C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
    • C11D3/323—Amides; Substituted amides urea or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group

Definitions

  • the invention relates to liquid detergent compositions.
  • Liquid detergent compositions intended for use as shampoos or for washing delicate fabrics such as woollen and silk goods are well-known. These actually contain, as active ingredients ammonium or amine salts of anionic synthetic detergents or non-ionic detergents such as the condensation products of ethylene oxide with various hydrophobic compounds containing an active hydrogen atom (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amines and alkyl phenols).
  • anionic synthetic detergents or non-ionic detergents such as the condensation products of ethylene oxide with various hydrophobic compounds containing an active hydrogen atom (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amines and alkyl phenols).
  • the compositions are practically free from inorganic salts. It is desirable, even for fine-Wash products and dishwashing compositions that the composition should contain some inorganic builder such as a pyrophosphate or a tripolyphosphate in order to obtain satisfactory performance in washing operations. Attempts to add such inorganic builders to the liquid detergent
  • liquid detergent compositions containing a satisfactory concentration of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and potassium pyrophosphate which remain as clear liquids over the temperature range 40 F. to 80 F. can be prepared if a combination of urea, ethyl alcohol and certain hydroxy acids are used as solubilising agents and certain limitations regarding the proportions of the various ingredients are observed.
  • a liquid detergent composition which is a clear liquid over the temperature range 40 F. to 80 F. and which contains from 10% to 25% sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, from 1% to fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the acid moiety contains from to 14 carbon atoms, from 2% to 10% potassium pyrophosphate, from 10% to 12% urea, from 5% to 10% ethyl alcohol and from 1.5% to 4% citric acid or from 1.5% to 3% tartaric acid or from 2% to 4% salicylic acid, the balance being water with or without optional ingredients as hereinafter specified.
  • the pH of the composition is adjusted to pH 5 to 7.
  • dodecylbenzene sulphonate component it is preferred to use a sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate in which the dodecyl group is derived from propylene tetramer.
  • the preferred fatty acid monoetnanolamide is that derived from the fatty acids of coconut oil.
  • a proportion of ethyl alcohol is necessary to ensure homogeneity. If insufiicient alcohol is included in the composition there is a tendency for an upper layer of concentrated material to separate. If too much alcohol is included there is a tendency for a clear layer free from inorganic ingredients to separate at the bottom of the liquid. Alcohol proportions in the ranges specified above have been found to give satisfactory products.
  • compositions may contain additional ingredients which are usual in detergent compositions such as perfume, colour, optical bleaching agents and anti-tarnishing agents.
  • liquid detergent comatent ICC positions suitable for washing fine silk or woollen garments or for dishwashing (percentages are by weight):
  • Nonoethanolamide of coconut fatty acids 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Ethyl alcohol 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 5.0 Potassium pyrophosphate.-. 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Citric acid 3.0 2. 0 3.0 Tartaric acid 2. 0 Salicylic acid 3.0 Water Balance Balance Balance Balance 1 (The sodium sulphate is associated with the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.)
  • compositions are all clear liquids which remain clear when cooled to 40 F.
  • compositions similar to the above but containing lower proportions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate are also clear liquids which are stable at 40 F., but when the concentration of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate in the composition is reduced, proportionately more of the liquid detergent composition must be used to obtain satisfactory washing.
  • the proportion of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate in the finished liquid composition should not therefore be less than 10%.
  • a clear liquid detergent composition which remains clear over the temperature range 40 F. to F. and consisting essentially of, by weight, from 10% to 25% sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, from 1% to 5% fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the fatty acid moiety contains from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, from 2% to 10% potassium pyrophosphate, from 10% to 12% urea, from 5% to 10% ethyl alcohol, and a proportion of an organic acid selected from the class consisting of citric acid in a proportion of 1.5 to 4%, tartaric acid in a proportion of 1.5 to 3% and salicylic acid in a proportion of 2% to 4%, and from 34% to 70.5% water, the pH being adjusted to 5 to 7.
  • a clear liquid detergent composition which remains clear over the temperature range 40 F. to 80 F. and consisting essentially of, by weight, from. 10% to 25 sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, from 1% to 5% fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the fatty acid moiety contains from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, from 2% to 10% potassium pyrophosphate, from 10% to 12% urea, from 5% to 10% ethyl alcohol, and a proportion of an organic acid selected from the class consisting of citric acid in a proportion of 1.5 to 4%, tartaric acid in a proportion of 1.5% to 3% and salicylic acid in a proportion of 2% to 4%, and a small quantity of an additive selected from the group consisting of perfume, colouring material, optical bleaching agent and antitarnishing agent, the balance being water to make and the pH being adjusted to 5 to 7.
  • Trexler Phosphates, Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, July 1950, pp. 39-41 and 82.

Description

wlllllllum United States LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS Ronald Coskie, Whitley Bay, Northumberland, England,
assignor to The Procter & Gamble Company, Ivorydale, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio The invention relates to liquid detergent compositions.
Liquid detergent compositions intended for use as shampoos or for washing delicate fabrics such as woollen and silk goods are well-known. These actually contain, as active ingredients ammonium or amine salts of anionic synthetic detergents or non-ionic detergents such as the condensation products of ethylene oxide with various hydrophobic compounds containing an active hydrogen atom (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amines and alkyl phenols). The compositions are practically free from inorganic salts. It is desirable, even for fine-Wash products and dishwashing compositions that the composition should contain some inorganic builder such as a pyrophosphate or a tripolyphosphate in order to obtain satisfactory performance in washing operations. Attempts to add such inorganic builders to the liquid detergent compositions lead to separation of the product into two or more phases unless the product is so dilute as to be unsatisfactory for the market.
It has now been unexpectedly found that liquid detergent compositions containing a satisfactory concentration of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and potassium pyrophosphate, which remain as clear liquids over the temperature range 40 F. to 80 F. can be prepared if a combination of urea, ethyl alcohol and certain hydroxy acids are used as solubilising agents and certain limitations regarding the proportions of the various ingredients are observed.
According to the present invention, therefore, there is provided a liquid detergent composition which is a clear liquid over the temperature range 40 F. to 80 F. and which contains from 10% to 25% sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, from 1% to fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the acid moiety contains from to 14 carbon atoms, from 2% to 10% potassium pyrophosphate, from 10% to 12% urea, from 5% to 10% ethyl alcohol and from 1.5% to 4% citric acid or from 1.5% to 3% tartaric acid or from 2% to 4% salicylic acid, the balance being water with or without optional ingredients as hereinafter specified. The pH of the composition is adjusted to pH 5 to 7.
As dodecylbenzene sulphonate component it is preferred to use a sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate in which the dodecyl group is derived from propylene tetramer. The preferred fatty acid monoetnanolamide is that derived from the fatty acids of coconut oil. A proportion of ethyl alcohol is necessary to ensure homogeneity. If insufiicient alcohol is included in the composition there is a tendency for an upper layer of concentrated material to separate. If too much alcohol is included there is a tendency for a clear layer free from inorganic ingredients to separate at the bottom of the liquid. Alcohol proportions in the ranges specified above have been found to give satisfactory products.
The compositions may contain additional ingredients which are usual in detergent compositions such as perfume, colour, optical bleaching agents and anti-tarnishing agents.
The following are examples of liquid detergent comatent ICC positions suitable for washing fine silk or woollen garments or for dishwashing (percentages are by weight):
Examples 5 Composition A, B, O, D, E,
percent percent percent percent percent Sodium dodecyl (tetraprw pylene) benzene .0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 Sodium sulphate 1 6 2.6 2. 6 2.6 2. 6 10 Urea .0 r2. 0 12. 0 12. 0 12. 0
Nonoethanolamide of coconut fatty acids 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Ethyl alcohol 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 5.0 Potassium pyrophosphate.-. 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Citric acid 3.0 2. 0 3.0 Tartaric acid 2. 0 Salicylic acid 3.0 Water Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance 1 (The sodium sulphate is associated with the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.)
These compositions are all clear liquids which remain clear when cooled to 40 F.
Compositions similar to the above but containing lower proportions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate are also clear liquids which are stable at 40 F., but when the concentration of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate in the composition is reduced, proportionately more of the liquid detergent composition must be used to obtain satisfactory washing. The proportion of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate in the finished liquid composition should not therefore be less than 10%.
I claim:
1. A clear liquid detergent composition which remains clear over the temperature range 40 F. to F. and consisting essentially of, by weight, from 10% to 25% sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, from 1% to 5% fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the fatty acid moiety contains from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, from 2% to 10% potassium pyrophosphate, from 10% to 12% urea, from 5% to 10% ethyl alcohol, and a proportion of an organic acid selected from the class consisting of citric acid in a proportion of 1.5 to 4%, tartaric acid in a proportion of 1.5 to 3% and salicylic acid in a proportion of 2% to 4%, and from 34% to 70.5% water, the pH being adjusted to 5 to 7.
2. A clear liquid detergent composition which remains clear over the temperature range 40 F. to 80 F. and consisting essentially of, by weight, from. 10% to 25 sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, from 1% to 5% fatty acid monoethanolamide in which the fatty acid moiety contains from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, from 2% to 10% potassium pyrophosphate, from 10% to 12% urea, from 5% to 10% ethyl alcohol, and a proportion of an organic acid selected from the class consisting of citric acid in a proportion of 1.5 to 4%, tartaric acid in a proportion of 1.5% to 3% and salicylic acid in a proportion of 2% to 4%, and a small quantity of an additive selected from the group consisting of perfume, colouring material, optical bleaching agent and antitarnishing agent, the balance being water to make and the pH being adjusted to 5 to 7.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,477,383 Lewis July 26, 1949 2,607,740 Vitale Aug. 19, 1952 2,733,214 Vita-1e Jan. 31, 1956 2,773,835 Anderson Dec. 11, 1956 OTHER REFERENCES Schwartz and Perry: Surface Active Agents, Interscience, Publishers, New York (1949), p. 235.
Trexler: Phosphates, Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, July 1950, pp. 39-41 and 82.

Claims (1)

1. A CLEAR LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITION WHICH REMAINS CLEAR OVER THE TEMPERATURE RANGE 40* F. TO 80* F. AND CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF, BY WEIGHT, FROM 10% TO 25% SODIUM DODECYLBENZENE SULPHONATE, FROM 1% TO 5% FATTY ACID MONOTHANOLAMIDE IN WHICH THE FATTY ACID MOIETY CONTAINS FROM 10 TO 14 CARBON ATOMS, FROM 2% TO 10% POTTASIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, FROM 10% TO 12% UREA, FROM 5% TO 10% ETHYL ALCOHOL, AND A PROPORTION OF AN ORGANIC ACID SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF CITRIC ACID IN A PROPORTION OF 1.5% TO 4%, TARTARIC ACID IN A PROPORTION OF 1.5% TO 3% AND SALICYLIC ACID IN A PROPORTION OF 2% TO 4%, AND FROM 34% TO 70.5% WATER, THE PH BEING ADJUSTED TO 5 TO 7.
US710203A 1957-01-23 1958-01-21 Liquid detergent compositions Expired - Lifetime US2947702A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083166A (en) * 1960-03-09 1963-03-26 Deering Milliken Res Corp Detergent composition
US3101324A (en) * 1960-12-12 1963-08-20 Colgate Palmolive Co Liquid detergent composition
US3131991A (en) * 1960-07-07 1964-05-05 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Washing and bleaching
US3175977A (en) * 1965-03-30 Liquid eetekgent compositions
US3175978A (en) * 1962-06-01 1965-03-30 California Research Corp Light duty liquid detergent
US3269468A (en) * 1962-07-20 1966-08-30 Continental Oil Co Foaming agents for use in air drilling of wells
US3869399A (en) * 1972-01-31 1975-03-04 Procter & Gamble Liquid detergent compositions
US3872020A (en) * 1971-09-14 1975-03-18 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd Detergent compositions
US4110262A (en) * 1976-03-08 1978-08-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergent composition
JPS547804B1 (en) * 1970-03-09 1979-04-10
US4152305A (en) * 1974-06-20 1979-05-01 Safe-Tech, Inc. Nontoxic general purpose liquid cleaning compositions
US4260528A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-07 Lever Brothers Company Aqueous high viscosity liquid dishwasher compositions
US4488989A (en) * 1983-11-14 1984-12-18 Lever Brothers Company Aqueous compositions containing urea as a hydrotrope

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2477383A (en) * 1946-12-26 1949-07-26 California Research Corp Sulfonated detergent and its method of preparation
US2607740A (en) * 1950-05-03 1952-08-19 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Liquid anionic-dialkylolamide detergent composition
US2733214A (en) * 1956-01-31 Synthetic detergent compositions
US2773835A (en) * 1951-11-16 1956-12-11 Colgate Palmolive Co Liquid shampoo composition

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733214A (en) * 1956-01-31 Synthetic detergent compositions
US2477383A (en) * 1946-12-26 1949-07-26 California Research Corp Sulfonated detergent and its method of preparation
US2607740A (en) * 1950-05-03 1952-08-19 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Liquid anionic-dialkylolamide detergent composition
US2773835A (en) * 1951-11-16 1956-12-11 Colgate Palmolive Co Liquid shampoo composition

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3175977A (en) * 1965-03-30 Liquid eetekgent compositions
US3083166A (en) * 1960-03-09 1963-03-26 Deering Milliken Res Corp Detergent composition
US3131991A (en) * 1960-07-07 1964-05-05 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Washing and bleaching
US3101324A (en) * 1960-12-12 1963-08-20 Colgate Palmolive Co Liquid detergent composition
US3175978A (en) * 1962-06-01 1965-03-30 California Research Corp Light duty liquid detergent
US3269468A (en) * 1962-07-20 1966-08-30 Continental Oil Co Foaming agents for use in air drilling of wells
JPS547804B1 (en) * 1970-03-09 1979-04-10
US3872020A (en) * 1971-09-14 1975-03-18 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd Detergent compositions
US3869399A (en) * 1972-01-31 1975-03-04 Procter & Gamble Liquid detergent compositions
US4152305A (en) * 1974-06-20 1979-05-01 Safe-Tech, Inc. Nontoxic general purpose liquid cleaning compositions
US4110262A (en) * 1976-03-08 1978-08-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergent composition
US4260528A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-07 Lever Brothers Company Aqueous high viscosity liquid dishwasher compositions
US4488989A (en) * 1983-11-14 1984-12-18 Lever Brothers Company Aqueous compositions containing urea as a hydrotrope

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