US2933293A - Method of intermixing a plurality of liquids of different specific gravities - Google Patents

Method of intermixing a plurality of liquids of different specific gravities Download PDF

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US2933293A
US2933293A US609366A US60936656A US2933293A US 2933293 A US2933293 A US 2933293A US 609366 A US609366 A US 609366A US 60936656 A US60936656 A US 60936656A US 2933293 A US2933293 A US 2933293A
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liquids
stream
specific gravities
intermixing
fluids
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US609366A
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Jr Andres Ferrari
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Bayer Corp
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Technicon Instruments Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/08Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/25Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation

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  • the present invention relates to liquid mixing apparatus, and while useful for other purposes is especially valuable for thoroughly mixing blood or other body fluids with a processing liquid in apparatus utilized for analyzing body fluids in respect to critical constituents thereof for diagnostic purposes.
  • the present invention has been developed for use in the body fluid analyzer apparatus disclosed in the patent of Leonard T. Skeggs, No. 2,797,149, filed January 8, 1953, issued June 25, 1957, and assigned to the owner of present invention and application. Accordingly, the mixing device disclosed herein is illustrated in connection with such apparatus as an element thereof.
  • blood or other body fluid together with one or more primary processing fluids is caused to pass to one side of a dialyzer, and one or more secondary processing fluids are caused to pass to the other side of the dialyzer, resulting in the separation from the body fluid of the crystaloid constituents thereof, the protein or other non-crystaloid constituents being exhausted from the first mentioned side of the dialyzer.
  • the process is a continuous flow process for each sample of fluid, and a series of samples are automatically transmitted seriatim through the apparatus, as more fully described in the above identified Skeggs application and in the application of Leonard T. Skeggs, Serial No. 547,087, filed November 16, 1955, also assigned to the owner of the present application.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a mixing device which is well adapted to effect a thorough mixing of the body fluid and the primary processing fluid or fluids during the flow of said fluids to the dialyzer.
  • Another object is to provide a mixing device which requires no moving parts and which is effective automatically, merely as a result of the fluid flow therethrough and without stirrers or other agitation means, to accomplish the thorough mixing of the fluids passing therethrough.
  • Fig. 1 is a more or less schematic view of body fluid analyzing apparatus provided with the liquid mixing device of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of part of the mixing device
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of part of one of the convolutions of the mixing device, illustrating a partial mixing or blending of the liquids;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1 illustrating the complete inter-mixture or blending of the fluids by the mixing device before leaving the latter.
  • the mixing device 10 embodying the present invention comprises a helical coil of tubing formed of glass or other suitable material inert to the liquids and fluids passing therethrough and preferably transparent or translucent, at least in part, so that the fluid flow therethrough can be observed.
  • a proportioning pump 12 of any suitable type is provided for pumping the blood or other body fluid samples and the processing liquid or liquids and also preferably air, in accordance with the Skeggs processes as described in his above mentioned applications, to the inlet end portion 14 of coil 10 or to a tube connected thereto.
  • the inlet for the body fluid sample and for said other fluids are indicated by the legends in Fig. 1.
  • the outlet 16 of the coil 10 is disposed in a fluid flow circuit leading to the dialyzer 18 either through a heater 20 when the use of the latter is necessary in accordance with the particular process employed or directly by means of the tube 22.
  • Valves 24 and 26 are provided in the fluid line for controlling the flow to the dialyzer either directly thereto from the outlet of the mixing coil or indirectly through the heater 20 in a manner which is obvious and which is also described in the above mentioned Skeggs applications.
  • the other fluids employed in the process are pumped simultaneously with the above mentioned fluids and in quantities proportionate to the latter to the dialyzer by means of the tube 28, in the case of certain of the fluids, as indicated by the legends, and to a color development chamber 30 by means of the tube 32 in the case of the liquid designated reagent which is efiective to produce a color change in the liquid which flows to chamber 30 through tube 34 connected to the side of the dialyzer which contains the separated crystaloid constituent of the body fluid.
  • reagent for developing the color characteristic in the crystaloid containing liquid. Accordingly, the apparatus illustrated in Fig.
  • a heater 36 the inlet of which is controlled by a valve 38 which is operated to place the outlet tube 42 of the dialyzer in communication alternatively either with tube 34 which leads to mixing chamber 30 or to heater 36.
  • a cooling coil 40 is shown interposed in the conduit 42 leading from the heater 36 to the supply tube 44 which conducts the fluids through the colorimeter 46 which controls the operation of a recorder 48, as described in the Skeggs applications.
  • the method of intermixing a plurality of liquids of different specific gravities, respectively, comprising fo'rming a flowing stream containing said plurality of liquids, causing said stream to flow alternately and successively upwardly and downwardly in a continuous path from a lower part of said path to an upper part thereof and from said upper part thereof to a lower part thereof and .in such direction that portions of the liquids flow first below other portions of the liquids, whileflowing in the lower parts ofsa 'd path, andabove said other portions or" the liquids, while flowing in the upper partsof said path, whereby saidportions of the liquids are repeatedly mixed during the flow thereof, and introducting an inert gas into said stream and thereby subdividing said stream into successive segments of liquids separated by intervenin se men of a so h the mix n f. the qu s ing the flowthereof takes place in each liquid segment.

Description

Aprll 19, 1960 A. FERRARI, JR 2,933,293
METHOD OF INTERMIXING A PLURALITY 0F LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES Filed Sept. 12, 1956 F'GJ Processing 4 i l M:
i Recorder H Caiarz'mefer I Med/um f- (EL ATTORNEYS United States Patent METHOD OF INTERMIXING A PLURALITY OF LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES Andres Ferrari, Jr., Scarsdale, N.Y., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Technicon Instruments Corporation, Chauncey, N.Y., a corporation of New York Application September 12, 1956, Serial No. 609,366
3 Claims. (Cl. 259-4) The present invention relates to liquid mixing apparatus, and while useful for other purposes is especially valuable for thoroughly mixing blood or other body fluids with a processing liquid in apparatus utilized for analyzing body fluids in respect to critical constituents thereof for diagnostic purposes.
The present invention has been developed for use in the body fluid analyzer apparatus disclosed in the patent of Leonard T. Skeggs, No. 2,797,149, filed January 8, 1953, issued June 25, 1957, and assigned to the owner of present invention and application. Accordingly, the mixing device disclosed herein is illustrated in connection with such apparatus as an element thereof.
Briefly described, in the above mentioned body fluid analyzing apparatus, blood or other body fluid together with one or more primary processing fluids is caused to pass to one side of a dialyzer, and one or more secondary processing fluids are caused to pass to the other side of the dialyzer, resulting in the separation from the body fluid of the crystaloid constituents thereof, the protein or other non-crystaloid constituents being exhausted from the first mentioned side of the dialyzer. The process is a continuous flow process for each sample of fluid, and a series of samples are automatically transmitted seriatim through the apparatus, as more fully described in the above identified Skeggs application and in the application of Leonard T. Skeggs, Serial No. 547,087, filed November 16, 1955, also assigned to the owner of the present application.
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a mixing device which is well adapted to effect a thorough mixing of the body fluid and the primary processing fluid or fluids during the flow of said fluids to the dialyzer.
Another object is to provide a mixing device which requires no moving parts and which is effective automatically, merely as a result of the fluid flow therethrough and without stirrers or other agitation means, to accomplish the thorough mixing of the fluids passing therethrough.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of this invention will be fully understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings, the presently preferred embodiment of the invention being thereby described and illustrated.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a more or less schematic view of body fluid analyzing apparatus provided with the liquid mixing device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of part of the mixing device;
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of part of one of the convolutions of the mixing device, illustrating a partial mixing or blending of the liquids; and
Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1 illustrating the complete inter-mixture or blending of the fluids by the mixing device before leaving the latter.
"ice
Referring now to the drawings in detail and first to' Fig. 1, the mixing device 10 embodying the present invention comprises a helical coil of tubing formed of glass or other suitable material inert to the liquids and fluids passing therethrough and preferably transparent or translucent, at least in part, so that the fluid flow therethrough can be observed. A proportioning pump 12 of any suitable type is provided for pumping the blood or other body fluid samples and the processing liquid or liquids and also preferably air, in accordance with the Skeggs processes as described in his above mentioned applications, to the inlet end portion 14 of coil 10 or to a tube connected thereto. The inlet for the body fluid sample and for said other fluids are indicated by the legends in Fig. 1. The outlet 16 of the coil 10 is disposed in a fluid flow circuit leading to the dialyzer 18 either through a heater 20 when the use of the latter is necessary in accordance with the particular process employed or directly by means of the tube 22. Valves 24 and 26 are provided in the fluid line for controlling the flow to the dialyzer either directly thereto from the outlet of the mixing coil or indirectly through the heater 20 in a manner which is obvious and which is also described in the above mentioned Skeggs applications.
The other fluids employed in the process are pumped simultaneously with the above mentioned fluids and in quantities proportionate to the latter to the dialyzer by means of the tube 28, in the case of certain of the fluids, as indicated by the legends, and to a color development chamber 30 by means of the tube 32 in the case of the liquid designated reagent which is efiective to produce a color change in the liquid which flows to chamber 30 through tube 34 connected to the side of the dialyzer which contains the separated crystaloid constituent of the body fluid. In certain processesheat is utilized instead of a reagent for developing the color characteristic in the crystaloid containing liquid. Accordingly, the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 is provided with a heater 36 the inlet of which is controlled by a valve 38 which is operated to place the outlet tube 42 of the dialyzer in communication alternatively either with tube 34 which leads to mixing chamber 30 or to heater 36. A cooling coil 40 is shown interposed in the conduit 42 leading from the heater 36 to the supply tube 44 which conducts the fluids through the colorimeter 46 which controls the operation of a recorder 48, as described in the Skeggs applications.
The manner in which coil 10 acts to thoroughly mix the liquids automatically as they flow therethrough is believed to be obvious from the description and the illustrations afforded of Figs. 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings. Thus, referring to Fig. 2, it will be observed that the blood indicated at B in Fig. 2 of the sample to be analyzed joins with the processing liquid indicated at P, and since the blood has a higher specific gravity than the processing liquid the two liquids tend to stratify in the conducting tube 14. The air which enters said tube divides the stream of blood and processing liquid into a plurality of air-spaced segments indicated at S1, S2, S3, and so on, as the stream continues to flow to and through the several convo'lutions mixing coil. As the stream of liquid segments flows through the several convolutions of the coil, the blood and the processing liquid intermingle, a partial intermingling or mixing being indicated in Fig. 3 and a complete intermingling and thorough mixing of the blood and processing liquid being illustrated by Fig. 4. It will be observed that as the fluids pass through the coil they move in a path which is such that they tend to mix with each other and, moreover, when as in the case of blood which is heavier than the processing fluid and is supplied so that it flows initially along the outer marginal circular portion. of the convolutions, the heavier fluid mo'ves by gravity toward and into the lighter fluid which flows along with said heavier fluid in coil 10.
It may be noted that this intermingling and thorough mixing of the blood and processing liquiddoes not depend upon the admission of the air into the stream, the latter being illustrated because or",the preference. for its use in the process as described in the Skeggs applications,
' Thus it is seen that the mixing device described desire to secure by Letters Patent, is;
l. The method of intermixing a plurality of liquids of different specific gravities, respectively, comprising fo'rming a flowing stream containing said plurality of liquids, causing said stream to flow alternately and successively upwardly and downwardly in a continuous path from a lower part of said path to an upper part thereof and from said upper part thereof to a lower part thereof and .in such direction that portions of the liquids flow first below other portions of the liquids, whileflowing in the lower parts ofsa 'd path, andabove said other portions or" the liquids, while flowing in the upper partsof said path, whereby saidportions of the liquids are repeatedly mixed during the flow thereof, and introducting an inert gas into said stream and thereby subdividing said stream into successive segments of liquids separated by intervenin se men of a so h the mix n f. the qu s ing the flowthereof takes place in each liquid segment.
2. The method of intermixing a plurality of liquids of diiferent specific gravities, respectively, comprising forming a flowing stream containing said plurality of liquids wherein said liquids of difierent specific gravities are in different vertical positions in saidflowing stream, causing said stream to flow alternately and successively upwardly and downwardly in a continuous curved path from a position in the lower part of said path to a position in the upper part thereof and from said upper part thereof to a position in a lower-part thereof 'and'in'such direction to cause portions of theliquids to'change their vertical-position and moveinto other portions of the liquids, while flowing in the lower part of said path and to again change page 685, Fig. 1.
their vertical positions and move into said other portions of the liquids while flowing in the upper parts of said path, whereby said liquids are repeatedly mixed during the How thereof, and introducing air into said stream and thereby subdividing said stream into successive segments of liquids separated by intervening segments of air so that the mixing of the liquids during the flow thereof takes place in each liquid segment. s
3. The method of intermixing a plurality of liquids of difierent specific gravities, respectively, comprising forming a flowing stream'containin g said plurality of liquids in a Stratified condition wherein said liquids of higher specific gravities are in the lower layers of said flowing stream and said liquids of lower specific gravities are in the upper layers of said flowing stream, causing said stream to flow alternately and successively upwardly and downwardly in a continuous vertical helical path from a position in the lower part of said path to a position in the upper part thereof and from said upper part thereof to a position in the lower part thereof and in such direction to cause portions of said liquids of higher specific gravities in the lower layers of said stream, when in said lower part of said path, to move into portions of said liquids of lower specific gravities in the lower layers of said stream when said stream is in the upper part of said path and to move into portions of said liquids of lower specific gravities inthe lo'wer layers of said stream when said stream flows from said upper part of said path to said lower part thereof, whereby said liquids are repeatedly mixed during the flow thereof, and introducin'g air into said stream and thereby subdividing said stream into successive segmerits of'liquids separated by intervening segments of air so that the mixing of the liquids during the flow thereof takes place in each liquid segment.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,000,953 Hooker et al. May 14,1935 2,230,255 Laumiet et al. Feb. 4, 1941 2,263,118 Carney Nov. 18, 1941 2,516,884 Kyame Aug. 1, 1950 2,784,948 Pahl et al. Mar. 12, 1957' 2,797,149 Skeggs June 25, 1957 OTHER REFERENCES Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dec. '19, 1:949,
Surgery, vol. "l0,'l lumber {page 365, July-1 956.
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Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3047367A (en) * 1959-12-01 1962-07-31 Technicon Instr Automatic analysis with fluid segmentation
US3119704A (en) * 1961-12-04 1964-01-28 Dow Chemical Co Preparation of aerated cementitious products
US3128993A (en) * 1964-04-14 Device for commingling slowly flowing liquids
US3231090A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-01-25 Technicon Instr Continuous solvent extraction apparatus
US3241923A (en) * 1959-10-30 1966-03-22 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for the treatment of liquids
US3306229A (en) * 1965-04-05 1967-02-28 Technicon Instr Pump apparatus and method of operation thereof
US3432268A (en) * 1964-08-28 1969-03-11 Peter Unger Method and apparatus for testing cell suspensions
US3488154A (en) * 1965-07-02 1970-01-06 Calgon C0Rp Pressurized flow system
US3634039A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-01-11 Thomas L Brondy Blood testing machine
US3635680A (en) * 1969-09-22 1972-01-18 Technicon Corp Automatic method and apparatus for the sequential typing of blood samples
US3726297A (en) * 1971-04-14 1973-04-10 Technicon Instr Method and device for introducing for mixing a first liquid into a second liquid
JPS5027463U (en) * 1973-07-04 1975-03-29
US4273449A (en) * 1979-02-28 1981-06-16 Peerless Electronics Research Corp. Radiation measuring apparatus
US4312635A (en) * 1980-06-20 1982-01-26 Geochem Research, Inc. Method and apparatus for fluid analysis
US4379637A (en) * 1979-02-28 1983-04-12 Peerless Electronics Research Corp. Radiation measuring apparatus
EP0183950A1 (en) * 1984-10-18 1986-06-11 Hewlett-Packard GmbH Method of processing liquid within a tube
EP0200235A2 (en) 1982-11-15 1986-11-05 TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION(a Delaware corporation) Continuous flow method
US4684470A (en) * 1985-08-09 1987-08-04 The Dow Chemical Company Apparatus and method for membrane-permeation separations using segmented flow
US4834877A (en) * 1985-08-09 1989-05-30 The Dow Chemical Company Apparatus for membrane-permeation separations using segmented flow
US20030040105A1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2003-02-27 Sklar Larry A. Microfluidic micromixer
US6632014B2 (en) * 2000-12-04 2003-10-14 Yeda Research And Development Co., Ltd. Device and method for mixing substances
US7041218B1 (en) 2002-06-10 2006-05-09 Inflowsion, L.L.C. Static device and method of making
US7045060B1 (en) 2002-12-05 2006-05-16 Inflowsion, L.L.C. Apparatus and method for treating a liquid
US20070039866A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-02-22 Schroeder Benjamin G Device, system, and method for depositing processed immiscible-fluid-discrete-volumes
US7264394B1 (en) 2002-06-10 2007-09-04 Inflowsion L.L.C. Static device and method of making
US20090027996A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2009-01-29 Fulton John L Method and Apparatus for Mixing Fluids
US8834016B1 (en) 2011-04-27 2014-09-16 Tetra Technologies, Inc. Multi chamber mixing manifold
US9522367B1 (en) 2011-04-27 2016-12-20 Tetra Technologies, Inc. Multi chamber mixing manifold

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DE19731891A1 (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-01-28 Hoechst Ag Apparatus for mixing in heat exchanger or carrying out reactions
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US2263118A (en) * 1939-05-16 1941-11-18 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for pelleting carbon black
US2516884A (en) * 1948-12-08 1950-08-01 George J Kyame Method of and apparatus for preparation and distribution of sizing materials
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Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3128993A (en) * 1964-04-14 Device for commingling slowly flowing liquids
US3241923A (en) * 1959-10-30 1966-03-22 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for the treatment of liquids
US3047367A (en) * 1959-12-01 1962-07-31 Technicon Instr Automatic analysis with fluid segmentation
US3231090A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-01-25 Technicon Instr Continuous solvent extraction apparatus
US3119704A (en) * 1961-12-04 1964-01-28 Dow Chemical Co Preparation of aerated cementitious products
US3432268A (en) * 1964-08-28 1969-03-11 Peter Unger Method and apparatus for testing cell suspensions
US3306229A (en) * 1965-04-05 1967-02-28 Technicon Instr Pump apparatus and method of operation thereof
US3488154A (en) * 1965-07-02 1970-01-06 Calgon C0Rp Pressurized flow system
US3635680A (en) * 1969-09-22 1972-01-18 Technicon Corp Automatic method and apparatus for the sequential typing of blood samples
US3634039A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-01-11 Thomas L Brondy Blood testing machine
US3726297A (en) * 1971-04-14 1973-04-10 Technicon Instr Method and device for introducing for mixing a first liquid into a second liquid
JPS5027463U (en) * 1973-07-04 1975-03-29
US4273449A (en) * 1979-02-28 1981-06-16 Peerless Electronics Research Corp. Radiation measuring apparatus
US4379637A (en) * 1979-02-28 1983-04-12 Peerless Electronics Research Corp. Radiation measuring apparatus
US4312635A (en) * 1980-06-20 1982-01-26 Geochem Research, Inc. Method and apparatus for fluid analysis
EP0200235A2 (en) 1982-11-15 1986-11-05 TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION(a Delaware corporation) Continuous flow method
EP0183950A1 (en) * 1984-10-18 1986-06-11 Hewlett-Packard GmbH Method of processing liquid within a tube
US4834877A (en) * 1985-08-09 1989-05-30 The Dow Chemical Company Apparatus for membrane-permeation separations using segmented flow
US4684470A (en) * 1985-08-09 1987-08-04 The Dow Chemical Company Apparatus and method for membrane-permeation separations using segmented flow
US20030040105A1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2003-02-27 Sklar Larry A. Microfluidic micromixer
US6632014B2 (en) * 2000-12-04 2003-10-14 Yeda Research And Development Co., Ltd. Device and method for mixing substances
US7264394B1 (en) 2002-06-10 2007-09-04 Inflowsion L.L.C. Static device and method of making
US7041218B1 (en) 2002-06-10 2006-05-09 Inflowsion, L.L.C. Static device and method of making
US7331705B1 (en) * 2002-06-10 2008-02-19 Inflowsion L.L.C. Static device and method of making
US7045060B1 (en) 2002-12-05 2006-05-16 Inflowsion, L.L.C. Apparatus and method for treating a liquid
US20090027996A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2009-01-29 Fulton John L Method and Apparatus for Mixing Fluids
US20070039866A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-02-22 Schroeder Benjamin G Device, system, and method for depositing processed immiscible-fluid-discrete-volumes
US20070141593A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-06-21 Lee Linda G Apparatus, system, and method using immiscible-fluid-discrete-volumes
US20070068573A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-03-29 Applera Corporation Device and method for microfluidic control of a first fluid in contact with a second fluid, wherein the first and second fluids are immiscible
US20070062583A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-03-22 Cox David M Device and method for making discrete volumes of a first fluid in contact with a second fluid, which are immiscible with each other
US7955864B2 (en) 2005-08-22 2011-06-07 Life Technologies Corporation Device and method for making discrete volumes of a first fluid in contact with a second fluid, which are immiscible with each other
US20110171748A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2011-07-14 Life Technologies Corporation Device And Method For Making Discrete Volumes Of A First Fluid In Contact With A Second Fluid, Which Are Immiscible With Each Other
US8361807B2 (en) 2005-08-22 2013-01-29 Applied Biosystems, Llc Device and method for making discrete volumes of a first fluid in contact with a second fluid, which are immiscible with each other
US9285297B2 (en) 2005-08-22 2016-03-15 Applied Biosystems, Llc Device, system, and method for depositing processed immiscible-fluid-discrete-volumes
US8834016B1 (en) 2011-04-27 2014-09-16 Tetra Technologies, Inc. Multi chamber mixing manifold
US9522367B1 (en) 2011-04-27 2016-12-20 Tetra Technologies, Inc. Multi chamber mixing manifold
US9884300B2 (en) 2011-04-27 2018-02-06 Tetra Technologies, Inc. Multi chamber mixing manifold
US10052595B1 (en) 2011-04-27 2018-08-21 Tetra Technologies, Inc. Multi chamber mixing manifold

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