US2783161A - Wax compositions - Google Patents
Wax compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2783161A US2783161A US269585A US26958552A US2783161A US 2783161 A US2783161 A US 2783161A US 269585 A US269585 A US 269585A US 26958552 A US26958552 A US 26958552A US 2783161 A US2783161 A US 2783161A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- paper
- coating
- less
- glycol distearate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229940100608 glycol distearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- WGKYSFRFMQHMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-5-methylpyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C#N)C(Br)=C1 WGKYSFRFMQHMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPVVYTCTZKCSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol distearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FPVVYTCTZKCSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
- D21H19/18—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D191/00—Coating compositions based on oils, fats or waxes; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
- C09D191/06—Waxes
- C09D191/08—Mineral waxes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
- Y10T428/31804—Next to cellulosic
- Y10T428/31808—Cellulosic is paper
Definitions
- the improved wax composition of the present invention is a petroleum wax composition suitable for coating paper and containing a small amount, less than about 1%, of a solid oil-soluble polyglycol ester such as nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- This composition is particularly advantageous for the coating of paper, enabling the packaging or Wrapping machine to be operated at an increased rate and with improved slip without reduction in gloss or blocking resistance.
- the present invention is concerned particularly with a composition for decreasing the friction between surfaces of waxed articles, such as waxed paper and paper board, when the surfaces in contact are moving past one another.
- waxed paper and paper board are transported to the user in the form of sheets stacked horizontally in cartons.
- the sheets are taken away by hand or by machine action and it is important not only that the sheets do not block or stick seriously, but that there be a minimum of friction of the waxed surfaces as they are moving in contact.
- polyglycol esters which are solid and wax soluble, such as commercial nonaethylene glycol distearate, decrease friction of waxed surfaces to a marked degree when present in very small percentages in petroleum waxes used for coating paper.
- a compound which I have found particularly advantageous is the commercial product sold under the trade name Paraspread, which is a polyethylene glycol ester of a higher saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid.
- This product has a melting point of around 29 to 32 C., a saponification value of around 120 to 130, an acid value of around to 14 or less and contains about 58% fatty acids of low iodine value, around 5.2, and can be considered a commercial nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- the amount of this wax soluble ester which is combined with the parafifin or other petroleum wax is a small amount, less than about 1%, and advantageously used in smaller amount, e. g., around 0.3%.
- This ester is soluble in the wax and readily blended therewith, for example, in amount corresponding to 0.3% of the Paraspread dissolved in a paratfin wax having an original Tinius-Olsen tensile strength of 95 pounds per quarter square inch and a melting point of 140.8 F. AMP (ASTM--D8742).
- Such a wax composition can be used in wax coating machines to particular advantage, giving increased feed or speed of the machine.
- the wax with which the ester is used may be ordinary paraffin wax but is advantageously a fractionated paratfin wax, fractionally distilled to remove both heavy and low ends and non-normal paraffin type constituents and 2,783,161 Patented. Feb. 26, 19,51
- the waxes with which the ester is used may also be microcrystalline. waxes which are. suitable for coating paper, for example, a petroleumcer'esin having an ASTM petrolatum melting point (D127-.,49) of from; approximately 170 F. to.210. F. and a, needlepenetrationat 77 F. (ASTM DS ZS, 5 seconds, IOOgrams) ofv approximately from 3 to 15, tenths of a millimeter.
- ASTM petrolatum melting point D127-.,49
- ASTM DS ZS 5 seconds, IOOgrams
- the waxes with which the ester-is used may alsobc mixtures of 'microcrystalli'ne and parafiin waxes such as are used for coating paper.
- Mixtures in all proportions of microcrystalline Wax suitable for coating paper and paraflin wax can thus be used, for example, a mixture containing of paraffin wax and 10% of a petroleum ceresin having an ASTM petrolatum melting point (D127-49) of approximately 170 F. to 210 F. and a needle penetration of 77 F.
- ASTM D5-25, 5 seconds, grams of approximately from 3 to 15 tenths of a millimeter; or a mixture containing 90% of parafiin wax and 10% of a so-called amorphous type of microcrystalline wax having an ASTM petrolatum melting point (Dl27-49) of approximately F. to F.
- Paper can be coated with the new wax composition in ordinary Waxing machines by passing the paper or carton through the Wax bath in the usual way.
- coated paper is characterized by low friction and improved slip, such that sheets of paper or paper board coated with the composition not only do not block or stick seriously but have an improved slip and low friction when the surfaces move in contact with each other.
- a wax composition consisting essentially of papercoating petroleum Wax containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- a wax composition consisting essentially of papercoating paraifin wax containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- a wax composition consisting essentially of papercoating microcrystalline wax containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- a wax composition consisting essentially of a mixture of paper-coating paraffin and microcrystalline waxes containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- the method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating petroleum wax having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- the method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating paraffin wax having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- the method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating microcrystalline wax having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- the method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of a mixture of paper-coating parafiin and microcrystalline waxes having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
- Waxed paper coated with a wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating petroleum wax conand microcrystalline waxes containing a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethlyene glycol distearate.
Description
United States Patent" WAX COMPOSITIONS- Jolm-W. Padgett, Montclair, N. J., assignor to Moore & Manger,- NemYQt-k; MYa'afirm No. Drawing. Application February 1 19 52,
SerialaNo. 269,585;
12 Claims. (Cl. 106---270) This invention relates to improvements in wax compositions, and methods of coating paper therewith, and in the coated paper so produced.
The improved wax composition of the present invention is a petroleum wax composition suitable for coating paper and containing a small amount, less than about 1%, of a solid oil-soluble polyglycol ester such as nonaethylene glycol distearate.
This composition is particularly advantageous for the coating of paper, enabling the packaging or Wrapping machine to be operated at an increased rate and with improved slip without reduction in gloss or blocking resistance.
The present invention is concerned particularly with a composition for decreasing the friction between surfaces of waxed articles, such as waxed paper and paper board, when the surfaces in contact are moving past one another.
Often waxed paper and paper board are transported to the user in the form of sheets stacked horizontally in cartons. When the sheets are being utilized from the stacks they are taken away by hand or by machine action and it is important not only that the sheets do not block or stick seriously, but that there be a minimum of friction of the waxed surfaces as they are moving in contact.
I have found that certain polyglycol esters which are solid and wax soluble, such as commercial nonaethylene glycol distearate, decrease friction of waxed surfaces to a marked degree when present in very small percentages in petroleum waxes used for coating paper.
A compound which I have found particularly advantageous is the commercial product sold under the trade name Paraspread, which is a polyethylene glycol ester of a higher saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid. This product has a melting point of around 29 to 32 C., a saponification value of around 120 to 130, an acid value of around to 14 or less and contains about 58% fatty acids of low iodine value, around 5.2, and can be considered a commercial nonaethylene glycol distearate.
The amount of this wax soluble ester which is combined with the parafifin or other petroleum wax is a small amount, less than about 1%, and advantageously used in smaller amount, e. g., around 0.3%.
This ester is soluble in the wax and readily blended therewith, for example, in amount corresponding to 0.3% of the Paraspread dissolved in a paratfin wax having an original Tinius-Olsen tensile strength of 95 pounds per quarter square inch and a melting point of 140.8 F. AMP (ASTM--D8742).
Such a wax composition can be used in wax coating machines to particular advantage, giving increased feed or speed of the machine.
The wax with which the ester is used may be ordinary paraffin wax but is advantageously a fractionated paratfin wax, fractionally distilled to remove both heavy and low ends and non-normal paraffin type constituents and 2,783,161 Patented. Feb. 26, 19,51
2 control oftheoil content so that the tensileis in; a suitably low range and the wax is not too flaky.
The waxes with which the ester is used may also be microcrystalline. waxes which are. suitable for coating paper, for example, a petroleumcer'esin having an ASTM petrolatum melting point (D127-.,49) of from; approximately 170 F. to.210. F. and a, needlepenetrationat 77 F. (ASTM DS ZS, 5 seconds, IOOgrams) ofv approximately from 3 to 15, tenths of a millimeter.
The waxes with which the ester-is usedmayalsobc mixtures of 'microcrystalli'ne and parafiin waxes such as are used for coating paper. Mixtures in all proportions of microcrystalline Wax suitable for coating paper and paraflin wax can thus be used, for example, a mixture containing of paraffin wax and 10% of a petroleum ceresin having an ASTM petrolatum melting point (D127-49) of approximately 170 F. to 210 F. and a needle penetration of 77 F. (ASTM D5-25, 5 seconds, grams) of approximately from 3 to 15 tenths of a millimeter; or a mixture containing 90% of parafiin wax and 10% of a so-called amorphous type of microcrystalline wax having an ASTM petrolatum melting point (Dl27-49) of approximately F. to F.
and having a needle penetration (ASTM 135-25, 5 seconds, 100 grams) of approximately 15 to 35 tenths of a millimeter.
Paper can be coated with the new wax composition in ordinary Waxing machines by passing the paper or carton through the Wax bath in the usual way.
The coated paper is characterized by low friction and improved slip, such that sheets of paper or paper board coated with the composition not only do not block or stick seriously but have an improved slip and low friction when the surfaces move in contact with each other.
1 claim:
1. A wax composition consisting essentially of papercoating petroleum Wax containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
2. A wax composition consisting essentially of papercoating paraifin wax containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
3. A wax composition consisting essentially of papercoating microcrystalline wax containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
4. A wax composition consisting essentially of a mixture of paper-coating paraffin and microcrystalline waxes containing a small amount but less than 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
5. The method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating petroleum wax having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
6. The method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating paraffin wax having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
7. The method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating microcrystalline wax having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
8. The method of coating paper which comprises applying thereto a molten wax composition consisting essentially of a mixture of paper-coating parafiin and microcrystalline waxes having incorporated therein a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethylene glycol distearate.
9. Waxed paper coated with a wax composition consisting essentially of paper-coating petroleum wax conand microcrystalline waxes containing a small amount but less than about 1% of nonaethlyene glycol distearate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,374,931 Gritfin May 1, 1945 2,456,283 Jefierson Dec. 14, 1948 2,595,158 McCue et al. Apr. 29, 1952 2,625,491 Young et a1. Jan. 13, 1953 2,637,665 Dodge May 5, 1953 2,642,366 Rumberger June 16, 1953 10 2,684,948 Cross July 27, 1954 OTHER REFERENCES Chemicals by Glyco, Glyco Products Co., Brooklyn, New York, copyright, 1944, page 6.
Claims (1)
1. A WAX COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF PAPERCOATING PETROLEUM WAX CONTAINING A SMALL AMOUNT BUT LESS THAN 1% OF NONAETHYLENE GLYCOL DISTEARATE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US269585A US2783161A (en) | 1952-02-01 | 1952-02-01 | Wax compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US269585A US2783161A (en) | 1952-02-01 | 1952-02-01 | Wax compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2783161A true US2783161A (en) | 1957-02-26 |
Family
ID=23027876
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US269585A Expired - Lifetime US2783161A (en) | 1952-02-01 | 1952-02-01 | Wax compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2783161A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2885340A (en) * | 1955-04-27 | 1959-05-05 | Sun Oil Co | Coating composition comprising paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax |
| US2885341A (en) * | 1957-07-16 | 1959-05-05 | Sun Oil Co | Coating composition comprising paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax and petroleum distillate oil |
| US2943991A (en) * | 1958-03-13 | 1960-07-05 | Sun Oil Co | Wax composition comprising a mixture of specific paraffin waxes and 1-2% of a microcrstalline wax |
| US3305392A (en) * | 1965-05-27 | 1967-02-21 | Scott Paper Co | Modified fibrous web and process of manufacture |
| US4238531A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1980-12-09 | Lever Brothers Company | Additives for clothes dryers |
| US4327133A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1982-04-27 | Lever Brothers Company | Additives for clothes dryers |
| US4421792A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1983-12-20 | Lever Brothers Company | Additives for clothes dryers |
| US6255375B1 (en) | 1989-10-03 | 2001-07-03 | Michelman, Inc. | Repulpable hot melt paper coating and coated product |
| US20180208874A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fatty acid ester-based wax compositions and methods of making thereof |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2374931A (en) * | 1942-03-26 | 1945-05-01 | Atlas Powder Co | Wax composition |
| US2456283A (en) * | 1945-04-30 | 1948-12-14 | Atlas Powder Co | Textile wax compositions |
| US2595158A (en) * | 1948-09-30 | 1952-04-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Rust preventing composition and method of preparing same |
| US2625491A (en) * | 1949-12-29 | 1953-01-13 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Stabilized wax composition |
| US2637665A (en) * | 1950-07-20 | 1953-05-05 | Highland Mfg Company | Impregnated paper and method of making same |
| US2642366A (en) * | 1951-03-23 | 1953-06-16 | Marathon Corp | Method of coating sheet material with wax |
| US2684948A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1954-07-27 | Atlas Powder Co | Stabilized wax emulsion |
-
1952
- 1952-02-01 US US269585A patent/US2783161A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2374931A (en) * | 1942-03-26 | 1945-05-01 | Atlas Powder Co | Wax composition |
| US2456283A (en) * | 1945-04-30 | 1948-12-14 | Atlas Powder Co | Textile wax compositions |
| US2595158A (en) * | 1948-09-30 | 1952-04-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Rust preventing composition and method of preparing same |
| US2625491A (en) * | 1949-12-29 | 1953-01-13 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Stabilized wax composition |
| US2637665A (en) * | 1950-07-20 | 1953-05-05 | Highland Mfg Company | Impregnated paper and method of making same |
| US2684948A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1954-07-27 | Atlas Powder Co | Stabilized wax emulsion |
| US2642366A (en) * | 1951-03-23 | 1953-06-16 | Marathon Corp | Method of coating sheet material with wax |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2885340A (en) * | 1955-04-27 | 1959-05-05 | Sun Oil Co | Coating composition comprising paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax |
| US2885341A (en) * | 1957-07-16 | 1959-05-05 | Sun Oil Co | Coating composition comprising paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax and petroleum distillate oil |
| US2943991A (en) * | 1958-03-13 | 1960-07-05 | Sun Oil Co | Wax composition comprising a mixture of specific paraffin waxes and 1-2% of a microcrstalline wax |
| US3305392A (en) * | 1965-05-27 | 1967-02-21 | Scott Paper Co | Modified fibrous web and process of manufacture |
| US4238531A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1980-12-09 | Lever Brothers Company | Additives for clothes dryers |
| US4327133A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1982-04-27 | Lever Brothers Company | Additives for clothes dryers |
| US4421792A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1983-12-20 | Lever Brothers Company | Additives for clothes dryers |
| US6255375B1 (en) | 1989-10-03 | 2001-07-03 | Michelman, Inc. | Repulpable hot melt paper coating and coated product |
| US6273993B1 (en) | 1992-07-01 | 2001-08-14 | Michelman, Inc. | Method of dispersing wax from a hot melt wax-coated paper |
| US20180208874A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fatty acid ester-based wax compositions and methods of making thereof |
| US10351798B2 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-07-16 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fatty acid ester-based wax compositions and methods of making thereof |
| US10457892B2 (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2019-10-29 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fatty acid ester-based wax compositions and methods of making thereof |
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