US2735814A - Die forging compound - Google Patents
Die forging compound Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2735814A US2735814A US2735814DA US2735814A US 2735814 A US2735814 A US 2735814A US 2735814D A US2735814D A US 2735814DA US 2735814 A US2735814 A US 2735814A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- die
- forging
- agent
- die forging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims description 68
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 229920001888 polyacrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940005550 Sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- MSXHSNHNTORCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1OC(C([O-])=O)C(O)C(O)C1O MSXHSNHNTORCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-stearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVRFSLWCFASCIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical class CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1 WVRFSLWCFASCIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007582 Corylus avellana Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940013317 Fish Oils Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 Chemical class O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007936 Swietenia macrophylla Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- SPCNPOWOBZQWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-(2-propan-2-ylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)SCCSC(C)C SPCNPOWOBZQWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxane Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
- C10M2201/103—Clays; Mica; Zeolites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/402—Castor oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in die forging compounds intended for application to hot forging and piercing dies and to other tools for use in the hot forging of metals, and for application to the metal being worked in such operations.
- aqueous die forging compounds intended for the aforesaid application.
- Die forging compounds of the prior art generally are more or less stable dispersions of graphite in a hydrocarbon vehicle, usually a light paratfin distillate oil.
- a hydrocarbon vehicle usually a light paratfin distillate oil.
- the aqueous forging compound of the present invention is also an aqueous suspension of graphite, but it is free from the defects inherent in the prior aqueous graphite suspensions.
- the improved aqueous forging compound is characterized by having binding action through a wide range of temperatures, up to about 900-l000 F. and even higher. The binding action is of a positive character and the bond holding the graphite to the metal is tenacious and insures the retention of the desired uniform coating of the graphite over the entire metal surface, even in the die pot liner of a vertical die press, during the forging operation.
- the aqueous forging compound of the present invention contains two binders; one, a low temperature binder effective up to temperatures of about 3004 F.,
- This last binder is effective to insure the proper adhesion of the graphite to the metal surfaces at the higher temperatures during the forging operation where running or draining of the compound, particularly in a vertical die press, was commonplace.
- the low temperature binder and the high temperature binder in particular, attain substantially their maximum. effectiveness at, respectively, about 300 F. and about 900 F.
- the binding components thereof are triggered into maximum effectiveness at temperatures where bonding is essential but in the past has been lacking.
- the forging compound of the present invention contains an agent which has lubricating and anti-welding properties, a low temperature binder, a high temperature binder, a stabilizing and thickening agent, an emulsifier and water.
- the various constituents of the composition are combined in proportions to provide either a liquid consistency or a viscous consistency such as the consistency of molasses. It is preferred that the composition have a consistency which. would make it suitable for either dip application or application by means of a spray.
- the preferred lubricant and anti-welding agent is graphite in either amorphous, flake or deflocculated form,
- the particle sizes of the graphite may vary from very fine, say, 1 to 30 microns, up to a coarse mesh, say, of about 200 mesh sizes. Mica and vermiculite may be used in lieu of the graphite.
- the preferred low temperature binding agent is hemicellulose where the compound is to be used as a dip, or as a spray on the walls of a die pot liner which have a temperature of up to about 500 to 600 F. Where, however, the compound is to be used as a spray on the walls of a die pot liner having a temperature of about 600 to 800 F., the preferred binding agent is polyacrylic acid.
- the preferred high temperature binding agent is kettle bodied fish (menhaden) oil.
- Other suitable high temperature binding agents are kettle bodied oils such as linseed oil and soya bean oil, blown oil such as fish oils and soya bean oil, and semi-drying and non-drying animal oils, and semi-drying and non-drying vegetable oils such as castor oil and peanut oil.
- the preferred stabilizing and thickening agent is bentonite.
- the particle sizes of the bentonite may vary widely from extremely fine mesh, about 1 to 25 microns,
- Sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose may be used in lieu of the bentonite.
- the preferred emulsifying agent is polyethylene glycol monooleate having a molecular weight of 400.
- any emulsifying agent may be used, but the preferred emulsifying agents are of the non-ionic type such as the fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols or of ether alcohols, for example, glycerol monostearate, and the esters of ethylene glycol, di-, and tri-ethylene gly-' col, and polyethylene glycol. These may be made either by esterifying the glycols or by treating the fatty acids 3 with ethylene oxide, as described in United States Patents Nos.
- emulsifying agents which may be used are the alkylolamine soaps of fatty acids, rosin acids, and naphthenic acids, the mahogany sulfonates, and the sulfated oils.
- the graphite or other lubricant may vary from to 30% by weight, the low temperature binder from 2 to by weight, the high temperature binder from 1 to 15% by weight, the stabilizing and thickening agent from 2.5 to 6% by weight, the emulsifying agent from 0.15 to 2.5% by weight, and water in amount to make up 100% by weight.
- the preferred composition for a dip application or a spray application on parts having a temperature of up to about 500 to 600 F. is as follows:
- This composition is prepared as follows: 0.75 part by weight of the polyethylene glycol monooleate (M. W. 400) is added to 5 parts by weight of the fish oil and heated to 250 F. with stirring. The heated mixture is added slowly to 68.05 parts by weight of water at room temperature with agitation until completely emulsified. 3.2 parts by weight of bentonite are slowly added and the agitation is continued until the bentonite is completely swollen and dispersed, at which time 3 parts by weight of hemicellulose are stirred in and finally parts by weight of fiake graphite are added. The whole is then agitated vigorously until a homogeneous mixture results.
- M. W. 400 polyethylene glycol monooleate
- the preferred composition for a dip application or a spray application on parts having a temperature from about 600 to 800 F. is as follows:
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to graphite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% polyethylene glycol monooleate, and the balance water to 100%.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 20% graphite, 3% hemicellulose, 5% kettle bodied fish oil, 3.2% bentonite, 0.75% polyethylene glycol monooleate and 68.05% water.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% graphite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose,
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant and anti-welding agent of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose, 1 to 15% of a high temperature bonding agent of the class consisting of animal and vegetable semi-drying and non-drying oils, 2.5 to 6% of an emulsion stabilizer and suspending agent of the class consisting of bentonite, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% graphite, 2 to 15% polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% polyethylene glycol monooleate, and the balance water to 100%.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 20% graphite, 3% polyacrylic acid, 5% kettle bodied fish oil, 3.2% bentonite, 0.75% polyethylene glycol monooleate and 68.05% water.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% graphite, 2 to 15% polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15% of polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
- a die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant and anti-welding agent of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15 of a graphite binder effective at elevated temperatures up to about 300 to 400 F. of the class consisting of hemicellulose and polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of a graphite binder effective at elevated temperatures up to about 900 to 1000 F. of the class consisting of animal and vegetable semi-drying and non-drying oils, 2.5 to 6% of an emulsion thickening agent of the class consisting of bentonite, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
- a lubricant and anti-welding agent of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite 2 to 15 of a graphite binder effective at elevated temperatures up to about 300 to 400 F. of the class consisting of hemicellulose and
- a die forging composition comprising in emulsion form, a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, hemicellulose, a high temperature bonding agent of the class consisting of animal and vegetable semi-drying and non-drying oils, an emulsifying agent and water, and a thickening agent for said emulsion, in proportions on a weight basis of 5 to 30% of the lubricant, 2 to 15% of the hemicellulose, l to 15% of the bonding agent, 0.15 to 2.5% of the emulsifying agent, 2.5 to 6% of the thickening agent, and the balance water to 100%.
- a die forging composition comprising in emulsion form, a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, a low temperature binder effective at temperatures up to 300 to 400 F. of the class consisting of hemicellulose and polyacrylic acid, a high temperature binder effective at temperatures up to about 900 to 1000 F.
- a die forging composition comprising in emulsion form, graphite, polyacrylic acid, kettle bodied fish oil, an emulsifying agent and water, and a thickening 5 agent for said emulsion, in proportions on a weight basis of 5 to 30% of the graphite, 2 to 15% 0f the polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15 of the fish oil, 0.15 to 2.5% of the emulsifying agent, 2.5 to 6% of the thickening agent, and the balance water to 100%.
Description
United States PatentO DIE FORGlNG COB [POUND Lee N. Hudson, Sr., and Theodore C. Foin, Chicago, Ill., assignors to The Hodson Corporation, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application July 19, 1952, Serial No. 299,907
13 Claims. (Cl. 252-30) The present invention relates to improvements in die forging compounds intended for application to hot forging and piercing dies and to other tools for use in the hot forging of metals, and for application to the metal being worked in such operations. In particular it relates to aqueous die forging compounds intended for the aforesaid application.
Die forging compounds of the prior art generally are more or less stable dispersions of graphite in a hydrocarbon vehicle, usually a light paratfin distillate oil. In theuse of these prior art compounds in a conventional hot forging operation where the metal to be forged is heated to a temperature of about 2200 F. and is then inserted in. the die pot of a die press which has been preheated to a temperature of about 300800 F., the hydrocarbon vehicle flashed off and ignited on contact with the hot metal being forged, thus affecting deleterionsly the properties of the forging compound and in addition creating a considerable amount of smoke and fire. These prior art die forging compounds have their greatest objections when applied to the die pot of a vertical forge pressbecause in that die pot the heat causes the vehicle to flow downwardly, carrying with it substantial amounts of graphite, thus leaving in the upper portions of the die pot an inadequate and uneven coating of graphite to effect satisfactory lubrication of the hot metal being forged. Not infrequently, the downward flow of the forging compound under the influence of heat resulted in actually denuding the upper portion of the vertical die pot of the necessary lubricant.
The prior art has attempted to overcome the obvious objections of smoke and fire of the hydrocarbon-based forging compounds by using water as the vehicle for the graphite. In these so-called improved compositions, when the water flashed ofi, which is almost instantaneous with the contact of the hot metal and compound, the residual graphite coating has little or no bind or'clink to the metal and readily flakes. This objectional feature of the prior art aqueous graphite suspensions used as forging compounds, makes their use of limited value. In vertical die presses, for example, they have very little real value.
The aqueous forging compound of the present invention is also an aqueous suspension of graphite, but it is free from the defects inherent in the prior aqueous graphite suspensions. The improved aqueous forging compound is characterized by having binding action through a wide range of temperatures, up to about 900-l000 F. and even higher. The binding action is of a positive character and the bond holding the graphite to the metal is tenacious and insures the retention of the desired uniform coating of the graphite over the entire metal surface, even in the die pot liner of a vertical die press, during the forging operation.
The aqueous forging compound of the present invention contains two binders; one, a low temperature binder effective up to temperatures of about 3004 F.,
which are the usual preheating temperatures of the forg ing punch, and the other, a high temperature binder effective up to temperatures of about 9001000 F; and higher, which temperatures are above the usual die pot preheating temperatures. The water in the compound has some effect in causing the graphite to adhere to the hot metal surfaces. In the compound of the present invention, therefore, we have a. composite of three binding actions which initially are effective to adhere the graphite to the hot metal surfaces. With the vaporization of the water there are two and with the volatilization of the low temperature binder there is only one, namely, the high temperature binder. This last binder is effective to insure the proper adhesion of the graphite to the metal surfaces at the higher temperatures during the forging operation where running or draining of the compound, particularly in a vertical die press, was commonplace. The low temperature binder and the high temperature binder, in particular, attain substantially their maximum. effectiveness at, respectively, about 300 F. and about 900 F. Thus, with the forging compound of the present invention, the binding components thereof are triggered into maximum effectiveness at temperatures where bonding is essential but in the past has been lacking.
The forging compound of the present invention contains an agent which has lubricating and anti-welding properties, a low temperature binder, a high temperature binder, a stabilizing and thickening agent, an emulsifier and water. The various constituents of the composition are combined in proportions to provide either a liquid consistency or a viscous consistency such as the consistency of molasses. It is preferredthat the composition have a consistency which. would make it suitable for either dip application or application by means of a spray.
The preferred lubricant and anti-welding agent is graphite in either amorphous, flake or deflocculated form, The particle sizes of the graphite may vary from very fine, say, 1 to 30 microns, up to a coarse mesh, say, of about 200 mesh sizes. Mica and vermiculite may be used in lieu of the graphite.
The preferred low temperature binding agent is hemicellulose where the compound is to be used as a dip, or as a spray on the walls of a die pot liner which have a temperature of up to about 500 to 600 F. Where, however, the compound is to be used as a spray on the walls of a die pot liner having a temperature of about 600 to 800 F., the preferred binding agent is polyacrylic acid.
The preferred high temperature binding agent is kettle bodied fish (menhaden) oil. Other suitable high temperature binding agents are kettle bodied oils such as linseed oil and soya bean oil, blown oil such as fish oils and soya bean oil, and semi-drying and non-drying animal oils, and semi-drying and non-drying vegetable oils such as castor oil and peanut oil.
The preferred stabilizing and thickening agent is bentonite. The particle sizes of the bentonite may vary widely from extremely fine mesh, about 1 to 25 microns,
to coarser material of from 300 to 400 mesh sizes. Sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose may be used in lieu of the bentonite.
The preferred emulsifying agent is polyethylene glycol monooleate having a molecular weight of 400. The same material in molecular weights of 200 and 600, may also be used. In general, any emulsifying agent may be used, but the preferred emulsifying agents are of the non-ionic type such as the fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols or of ether alcohols, for example, glycerol monostearate, and the esters of ethylene glycol, di-, and tri-ethylene gly-' col, and polyethylene glycol. These may be made either by esterifying the glycols or by treating the fatty acids 3 with ethylene oxide, as described in United States Patents Nos. 1,914,100, 2,043,922 and 2,231,128, and French Patent No. 842,943. Other emulsifying agents which may be used are the alkylolamine soaps of fatty acids, rosin acids, and naphthenic acids, the mahogany sulfonates, and the sulfated oils.
The graphite or other lubricant may vary from to 30% by weight, the low temperature binder from 2 to by weight, the high temperature binder from 1 to 15% by weight, the stabilizing and thickening agent from 2.5 to 6% by weight, the emulsifying agent from 0.15 to 2.5% by weight, and water in amount to make up 100% by weight.
The preferred composition for a dip application or a spray application on parts having a temperature of up to about 500 to 600 F., is as follows:
This composition is prepared as follows: 0.75 part by weight of the polyethylene glycol monooleate (M. W. 400) is added to 5 parts by weight of the fish oil and heated to 250 F. with stirring. The heated mixture is added slowly to 68.05 parts by weight of water at room temperature with agitation until completely emulsified. 3.2 parts by weight of bentonite are slowly added and the agitation is continued until the bentonite is completely swollen and dispersed, at which time 3 parts by weight of hemicellulose are stirred in and finally parts by weight of fiake graphite are added. The whole is then agitated vigorously until a homogeneous mixture results.
The preferred composition for a dip application or a spray application on parts having a temperature from about 600 to 800 F., is as follows:
Although the present invention has been described with particular detail in connection with a preferred illustrative example, it is to be understood that it is not to be limited to the details of the example given, since these may be varied as indicated in the specification without departing from the spirit and scope of the accompanying claims.
We claim:
1. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to graphite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% polyethylene glycol monooleate, and the balance water to 100%.
2. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 20% graphite, 3% hemicellulose, 5% kettle bodied fish oil, 3.2% bentonite, 0.75% polyethylene glycol monooleate and 68.05% water.
3. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% graphite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
4. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose,
4 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 5. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant and anti-welding agent of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15% hemicellulose, 1 to 15% of a high temperature bonding agent of the class consisting of animal and vegetable semi-drying and non-drying oils, 2.5 to 6% of an emulsion stabilizer and suspending agent of the class consisting of bentonite, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
6. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% graphite, 2 to 15% polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% polyethylene glycol monooleate, and the balance water to 100%.
7. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 20% graphite, 3% polyacrylic acid, 5% kettle bodied fish oil, 3.2% bentonite, 0.75% polyethylene glycol monooleate and 68.05% water.
8. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% graphite, 2 to 15% polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
9. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15% of polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of kettle bodied fish oil, 2.5 to 6% bentonite, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
10. A die forging composition comprising, on a weight basis, 5 to 30% of a lubricant and anti-welding agent of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, 2 to 15 of a graphite binder effective at elevated temperatures up to about 300 to 400 F. of the class consisting of hemicellulose and polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15% of a graphite binder effective at elevated temperatures up to about 900 to 1000 F. of the class consisting of animal and vegetable semi-drying and non-drying oils, 2.5 to 6% of an emulsion thickening agent of the class consisting of bentonite, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.15 to 2.5% of an emulsifying agent, and the balance water to 100%.
11. A die forging composition comprising in emulsion form, a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, hemicellulose, a high temperature bonding agent of the class consisting of animal and vegetable semi-drying and non-drying oils, an emulsifying agent and water, and a thickening agent for said emulsion, in proportions on a weight basis of 5 to 30% of the lubricant, 2 to 15% of the hemicellulose, l to 15% of the bonding agent, 0.15 to 2.5% of the emulsifying agent, 2.5 to 6% of the thickening agent, and the balance water to 100%.
12. A die forging composition comprising in emulsion form, a lubricant of the class consisting of graphite, mica and vermiculite, a low temperature binder effective at temperatures up to 300 to 400 F. of the class consisting of hemicellulose and polyacrylic acid, a high temperature binder effective at temperatures up to about 900 to 1000 F. of the class consisting of animal and vegetable semi-drying and non-drying oils, an emulsifying agent and water, and a thickening agent for said emulsion, in proportions on a weight basis of 5 to 30% of the lubricant, 2 to 15% of the low temperature binder, l to 15% of the high temperature binder, 0.l5 to 2.5% of the emulsifying agent, 2.5 to 6% of the thickening agent, and the balance water to 100%.
13. A die forging composition comprising in emulsion form, graphite, polyacrylic acid, kettle bodied fish oil, an emulsifying agent and water, and a thickening 5 agent for said emulsion, in proportions on a weight basis of 5 to 30% of the graphite, 2 to 15% 0f the polyacrylic acid, 1 to 15 of the fish oil, 0.15 to 2.5% of the emulsifying agent, 2.5 to 6% of the thickening agent, and the balance water to 100%.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 268,546 Sawyer Dec. 5, 1882 FOREIGN PATENTS 458,156 Canada July 19, 1949
Claims (1)
1. A DIE FORGING COMPOSITION COMPRISING, ON A WEIGHT BASIS, 5 TO 30% GRAPHITE, 2 TO 15% HEMNICELLULOSE, 1 TO 15% OF KETTLE BODIED FISH OIL, 2.5 TO 6% BENTONITE, 0.15 TO 2.5% POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOOLEATE, AND THE BALANCE WATER TO 100%.
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US2735814D Expired - Lifetime US2735814A (en) | Die forging compound |
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US2948627A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1960-08-09 | Du Pont | Molding composition and process for producing same |
US3115414A (en) * | 1960-11-28 | 1963-12-24 | Gen Motors Corp | Foundry mold coating |
US3115249A (en) * | 1958-07-07 | 1963-12-24 | Reynolds Metals Co | Extrusion system |
US3219465A (en) * | 1961-05-26 | 1965-11-23 | Gen Motors Corp | Foundry mold coating |
US3341454A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1967-09-12 | Hodson Corp | Lubricant composition |
US3519444A (en) * | 1968-04-12 | 1970-07-07 | Quaker Oats Co | Static mold release agent |
US3881048A (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1975-04-29 | Dow Corning | Metal coated with a lubricant composition |
US4001125A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1977-01-04 | Grafo Colloids Corporation | Lubricant for mandrels, forging dies, molds and the like |
DE2609666A1 (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1977-09-15 | Emil Amsler | Aq. lubricants and coolants for metal-working - contg. thickener and hydrophilic constituents |
US4409113A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-10-11 | Pennwalt Corporation | Synthetic hot forging lubricants and process |
US4808324A (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1989-02-28 | Lonza Ltd. | Lubricant system for sheet and section rolling mills |
US5016456A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1991-05-21 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for making hollow billets into tubes |
US5042209A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1991-08-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for charging a carrier gas stream with a free-flowing material and process for operating the device |
US5099667A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-03-31 | Lonza Ltd. | System for suspending and applying solid lubricants to tools or work pieces |
US5102468A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1992-04-07 | Lonza Ltd. | Device for applying a descaling agent to the inner surface of a hollow billet |
US5205488A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1993-04-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process and device for spraying a liquid intermittently, especially a lubricant suspension to be sprayed under high pressure |
EP0554822A1 (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-08-11 | Lonza Ag | Mandrel lubricant for the manufacture of seamless tubes |
US5271854A (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1993-12-21 | Lonza Ltd. | High temperature lubricant containing carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex |
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US2948627A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1960-08-09 | Du Pont | Molding composition and process for producing same |
US3115249A (en) * | 1958-07-07 | 1963-12-24 | Reynolds Metals Co | Extrusion system |
US3115414A (en) * | 1960-11-28 | 1963-12-24 | Gen Motors Corp | Foundry mold coating |
US3219465A (en) * | 1961-05-26 | 1965-11-23 | Gen Motors Corp | Foundry mold coating |
US3341454A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1967-09-12 | Hodson Corp | Lubricant composition |
US3519444A (en) * | 1968-04-12 | 1970-07-07 | Quaker Oats Co | Static mold release agent |
US3881048A (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1975-04-29 | Dow Corning | Metal coated with a lubricant composition |
US4001125A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1977-01-04 | Grafo Colloids Corporation | Lubricant for mandrels, forging dies, molds and the like |
DE2609666A1 (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1977-09-15 | Emil Amsler | Aq. lubricants and coolants for metal-working - contg. thickener and hydrophilic constituents |
US4409113A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-10-11 | Pennwalt Corporation | Synthetic hot forging lubricants and process |
US4808324A (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1989-02-28 | Lonza Ltd. | Lubricant system for sheet and section rolling mills |
US5271854A (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1993-12-21 | Lonza Ltd. | High temperature lubricant containing carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex |
US5102468A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1992-04-07 | Lonza Ltd. | Device for applying a descaling agent to the inner surface of a hollow billet |
US5042209A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1991-08-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for charging a carrier gas stream with a free-flowing material and process for operating the device |
US5016456A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1991-05-21 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for making hollow billets into tubes |
US5099667A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-03-31 | Lonza Ltd. | System for suspending and applying solid lubricants to tools or work pieces |
US5205488A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1993-04-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process and device for spraying a liquid intermittently, especially a lubricant suspension to be sprayed under high pressure |
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US5460737A (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1995-10-24 | Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. | Graphite-free lubricating oil |
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