US2723215A - Glass fiber product and method of making same - Google Patents
Glass fiber product and method of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2723215A US2723215A US165214A US16521450A US2723215A US 2723215 A US2723215 A US 2723215A US 165214 A US165214 A US 165214A US 16521450 A US16521450 A US 16521450A US 2723215 A US2723215 A US 2723215A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- strand
- weight
- coating
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- -1 POLYETHYLENE Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 12
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NWQIWFOQNHTTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-bis(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC=C)(CC=C)OCC NWQIWFOQNHTTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000000972 Agathis dammara Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002871 Dammar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sudan IV Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=NC(C=C1C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001074 Tenite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012185 ceresin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(=O)OC=C HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006203 ethylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006200 ethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010985 glycerol esters of wood rosin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
- Y10S118/20—Wire and cord roller
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31609—Particulate metal or metal compound-containing
- Y10T428/31612—As silicone, silane or siloxane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31641—Next to natural rubber, gum, oil, rosin, wax, bituminous or tarry residue
Definitions
- the invention relates to strands, yarns, cords and other textile products, and particularly to glass fiber strands, yarns and cords and to methods and apparatus for making them.
- the invention finds particular utility in the manufacture of glass strands and yarns of the continuous-type. These are made by drawing out streams of molten glass without interruption into continuous filaments which are gathered together as they are formed in a strand.
- the strand is made up of a compact bundle of fine filaments all extending in side by side relation and continuously throughout any normal length of strand.
- the fibers are prevented from rubbing on each other and thus scratching and eventually weakening each other.
- the coatings were applied at a collecting or gathering eye or pad as the filaments were being gathered into a strand. Because of the speed at which the filaments traveled, the coating material did not completely and uniformly penetrate the strand but instead was largely concentrated at the outer portions of the strand and the filaments at the interior of the strand had little or no coating material thereon. This was particularly the case where more viscous coatings, such as molten waxes, were applied to the strand. If more fluid coatings or coatings that remained fluid longer were applied at the pad or gathering eye, the material might reach the inte-' rior of the strand but because of its fluidity be shaken off or thrown out by centrifugal force during the winding of the strand.
- a further object is to provide a method for treating individual glass fibers before they are combined into strand form to permit the application of a high concentration of lubricant having strong adhesion to glass, and having flow characteristics which militate against undesirable redistribution of the lubricant by centrifugal forces during the winding of the strand.
- a still further object is to provide coating compositions which may be applied without diluents to glass fiber surfaces, and which exhibit the desired adhesion for glass to integrate the fibers in a fiber bundle for further processing but without making the strand stiff or wiry.
- Figure l is a partially schematic elevational view of apparatus for carrying out the invention in the manufacture of continuous type glass fiber strands
- Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus of Figure 1 taken on the line 22 of that figure;
- Figure 3 is a highly enlarged cross-sectional View of a glass fiber treated in accordance with this invention
- Figure 4 is a greatly magnified cross-sectional view of a strand of glass fibers made according to the invention.
- the invention comprises the application to glass filaments as they are formed of a molten coating material, the material being applied to the individual filaments before they are gathered together into a strand.
- the molten material may be deposited on the filaments in large quantities to provide a substantial coating on the fibers to effectively protect the fiber surfaces against abrasion and make the resulting strand or yarn considerably more durable.
- the coatings on adjacent fiber surfaces coalesce to weld the filaments together into a well bonded highly integral bundle to thereby cause all the filaments to act together to resist stresses rather than being loaded unequally. As a result, the tensile strength of the strand is greatly increased. 1
- the molten material applied to the individual filaments cools and solidifies or increases in viscosity almost immediately after its application to the filaments or at least prior to the time the strand reaches the winding drum and consequently is not displaced or redistributed through the body of strand wound on the drum, with the result that the filaments of the finished strand are uniformly coated throughout the length and cross-section of the strand.
- waxes such as rnicrocrystalline Waxes, amorphous waxes, such as ozokerite, montan wax, ceresin wax and other waxy compositions having a mineral origin.
- amorphous waxes such as ozokerite, montan wax, ceresin wax and other waxy compositions having a mineral origin.
- Parafiin wax, carnauba wax, beeswax and other waxes including synthetic waxes such as hydrogenated castor oil are also usable.
- synthetic and natural resins, rosin, and another heat softenable materials may be used.
- organo-silicon compound selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzable organo-silanes and their polysiloxanes.
- organo-silicon compounds constituted with an organo group attached to the silicon atom through carbon or in the alternative through oxygen attached to carbon in the manner of an oxy group.
- the following is a representative formula of a polymerized organo-silicon compound.
- Compatibility of the low molecular weight polymers with some waxes is improved by the presence of aromatic R groups. Therefore when combined with such waxes the polymers having phenyl groups and the like, such as methyl phenyl polysiloxane, diphenyl polysiloxane, dimethyl phenyl polysiloxane and the like in liquid or solid form are preferred. As little as 0.5% organo-silane calculated on the weight of the entire composition is effective to increase the water resisting characteristics of the coating. Also when used with paraffin and other petroleum waxes, the silicones appear to soften the waxy substance and to give it greater strength. As much as organo-silicon compound can be used advantageously and additional amounts may be used when economically feasible.
- the higher molecular weight polymers of the organo-silicon compounds do not undesirably affect the viscosity of the composition and they impart better adhesion of the wax to the glass.
- Many suitable formulations may be prepared with a mixture of low and high molecular weight organo-silicon compounds to effect desirable combinations of characteristics in the formulated lubricant.
- organo-silicon compounds may be wholly or partially replaced in the lubricating composition by a cationic-active amine compound having more than eight carbon atoms.
- a cationic-active amine compound having more than eight carbon atoms.
- plastic materials of the type polyethylene, polyacrylates, polybutylene, hydrogenated rosin esters, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyamide, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, and thermoplastic phenolics and polyesters which are thermoset by addition of crosslinking agents, and elastomers of the type butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer, chlorinated rubber, rubber hydrochloride, natural rubber and the like, and mixes thereof.
- polyethylene which, in combination with paraffin in proportions of 3 to 5 parts paraffin to 1 of polyethylene, imparts considerable strength and film forming characteristics to the composition and greatly increases its affinity for the glass fiber surfaces.
- These substances are compatible at melt temperature.
- Polyethylene may be used alone as a modifier for paraffin or like waxy substance, or it may be used in combination with an organo-silicon compound or cationic-active substance in the lubrication and treatment of glass fibers.
- the amounts of other high molecular weight materials may be of the same order, but more often less is used depending on the method of application, the compatibility of the materials and the strength and adhesive characteristics which his desired to develop.
- the lower limit 2'- of concentration is of the order of that for the organesilicon.
- molten glass is passed through a feeder 12 of conventional kind so as to fiow in a plurality of streams 14 arranged closely spaced in one or more rows.
- the streams are attenuated into filaments 16 by being gathered into a strand over a gathering roll 18 and then wound as a strand onto a drum 20 driven in any suitable manner.
- traversing mechanism may be associated with'the drum to move the strand back and forth along the drum as it is wound thereon.
- the gathering roll 18 is on a bracket 19 suspended by spring arms 22 from a platform 24 that carries a container 26 provided with a discharge pipe 28 arranged to feed a lubricant or other coating material for the strand onto the gathering roll 18.
- an applicator 32 is arranged to coat the individual filaments with a molten coating material as the filaments move from their zone of formation toward the gathering roll.
- the applicator includes a chamber 34 that acts as a reservoir for the supply 35 of molten coating material. Heating elements 36 sub merged in the coating material maintain it at the desired temperature.
- a roll 38 is journaled at its ends in the side walls of the casing 39 of the applicator 32 and is in engagement with a doctor roll 41 also journaled for rotation in the end walls of the casing and partly immersed in the supply of coating material in the reservoir.
- Means for rotating the roller 33, and with it, by frictional engagement, the doctor roll 41 comprises a motor 44 geared to the shaft of the roller 38 through a suitable gear reduction mechanism 46.
- the roller 38 is driven at the speed that will transfer to the filaments passing over the roller the desired amount of coating material, the direction of rotation being preferably that causing the surface of the roller where it contacts the filaments to move in the same direction as the filaments.
- the rate of rotation of the roller is nor mally about 15 to 40 R. P. M. when the rate of attenuation of the filaments is in the order of 5,000 to 10,000 feet per minute, and this rate may be increased or decreased to increase or decrease, respectively, the amount of coating material transferred to the filaments.
- the temperature and viscosity of the coating material may be varied to change the amount of coating material transferred to the filaments.
- the roller 38 and the roll 41 may be urged together under the adjustable force of springs or other conventional means so that the thickness of the film of coating material on the roller 38 can be adjusted.
- One or more or all of these factors may be adjusted to vary the quantity of coating material applied to the filaments. Simple trial will demonstrate which adjustments are proper in the case of any coating material to provide the normally desired 10% to 30% coating on the strand.
- a series of radiant burners 52 may be arranged to direct heat onto the strand as it travels toward the attenuating drum 20. These burners are adapted to heat the coating material on the strand to cause the material on the different fibers to coalesce into a single body of coating material. This heating operation is usually required only in the cases where the degree of coalescence that takes place when the filaments are gathered together by the gathering roll is insufiicient to bond the filaments to the degree desired.
- Figure 3 illustrates on a greatly enlarged scale the manner in which each filament as it passes over the roller 33 is uniformly coated over its entire surface with a film 54 of coating material.
- the fact that the coating is applied to the filaments immediately after their formation and before they have had a chance to take up moisture from the atmosphere apparently aids the coating material in distributing itself in a highly uniform fashion about the filament and along the length of the filament; I
- the coating material has normally not cooled to thepoint of solidification.
- the filaments are protected against abrasion from each other and from the external abrasion incident to being drawn over guides and other parts of textile processing machinery.
- the filaments are so well bonded together that when the strand of filaments is subjected to tensile stress all of the filaments are loaded uniformly and the maximum strength of-the strand is realized.
- roller applicator it has been found preferable to position the roller applicator so that its axis of rotation is about ten or twelve inches below the orifices in the feeder 14 in the case where the rate of attenuation of the molten glass streams to filaments is at about 5,000 to 10,000 feet per minute.
- axis of rotation is about ten or twelve inches below the orifices in the feeder 14 in the case where the rate of attenuation of the molten glass streams to filaments is at about 5,000 to 10,000 feet per minute.
- other locations are possible and it may, for instance, be as close as three or four inches from the orifices where it is desired to apply the coating to the filaments while the filaments are hot and before they have cooled sufliciently to take up atmospheric moisture.
- compositions of coating materials for application to the filaments in the manner described are as follows:
- glycol ester of hydrogenated rosin (Staybelite Ester No. 10, Hercules Powder Company) 18% ethyl cellulose, 14 centipoises (N 14, Hercules Powder Company) 32% paraflin, m. pt. 130 F. 1% octyl phenol
- the above compositions are merely representative of the large number of combinations which may be made with the materials previously described.
- the compositions form compatible melts while being maintained at the preferred temperature for application to the glass fiber filaments which temperature is usually that providing a viscosity of the coating material in the order of 5 to 500 centipoises.
- any of these materials by the roller applicator 38 may be followed by a second coating of the strand at the gathering roll 18.
- a heavier coating may surround the strand and this second coating may be compatible with the first-applied coating or it may be incompatible therewith so as to form a sleeve over the coated strand.
- a second coating of paraflin either molten or in an aqueous emulsion may be applied to the filaments at the roll 18 as the filaments are gathered together.
- a substance incompatible with the parafiin for example, gelatin or animal glue, may be applied over the parafiin at the gathering roll so as to form a hard smooth sleeve encasing the parafiin-coated filaments.
- an oil or other lubricant may be applied at the gathering roll that is incompatible with the coating applied to the filaments at the roller applicator to thereby keep the filaments separate and capable of relative movement in the strand.
- a vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer resin might be applied at the roller applicator followed by the application of a light petroleum oil or vegetable oil, such as cocoanut oil, at the gathering roll.
- An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a size on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of mineral wax, up to 5 percent by weight of an organosilicon compound selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes, and polyethylene present in the ratio of 3-5 parts by Weight mineral wax to one part by weight polyethylene.
- An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a size on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of mineral wax and polyethylene present in the ratio of 3-5 parts by weight mineral wax to one part by Weight polyethylene.
- An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of 95 to 99.5 percent by weight mineral wax and an organo-silicon selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes in amounts from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of the coating composition.
- An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of 95 to 99.5 percent by weight mineral wax and from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of a polysiloxane.
- the method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of mineral wax, up to 5 percent by weight of an organo-silicon compound selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes, and polyethylene present in the ratio of 3-5 parts by weight mineral wax to 1 part by weight polyethylene.
- the method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of mineral wax and polyethylene present in the ratio of 35 parts by weight mineral wax to 1 part by weight polyethylene.
- the method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of 95 .to 99.5 percent by Weight mineral Wax and an organo-silicon selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes in amounts from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of the coating composition.
- the method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of 95 to 99.5 percent by weight mineral wax and from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of a polysiloxane.
Description
8, 1955 P. BIEFELD ETAL 2,723,215
GLASS FIBER PRODUCT AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed May 31, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet l l- 46/ I 44 f LL u [iii 32 Q 1 1/ wr- F A L 111 3 mmvrom:
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v- 8, 1955 L. P. BIEFELD ETAL 2,723,215
GLASS FIBER PRODUCT-AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed May 31, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .ZTTYS- United States Patent GLASS FIBER PRODUCT AND METHOD OF G SAME Lawrence P. Biefeld, Granville, Ohio, and William Kenneth Lydic, Attleboro, Mass., assignors to Owens- Corning Fiberglas Corporation, Toledo, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application May 31, 1950, Serial No. 165,214
8 Claims. Cl. 154-91 The invention relates to strands, yarns, cords and other textile products, and particularly to glass fiber strands, yarns and cords and to methods and apparatus for making them.
The invention finds particular utility in the manufacture of glass strands and yarns of the continuous-type. These are made by drawing out streams of molten glass without interruption into continuous filaments which are gathered together as they are formed in a strand. The strand is made up of a compact bundle of fine filaments all extending in side by side relation and continuously throughout any normal length of strand.
It is an object of the present invention to increase the strength of glass fiber strands and yarns, especially yarns and strands of the continuous filament type, and, further, to make the strength of the strands lasting and the strands more durable.
It is another object of the invention to apply to the surfaces of each filament in the strand a coating in sufiicient quantities to fully protect the surfaces. The fibers are prevented from rubbing on each other and thus scratching and eventually weakening each other.
In prior processes, the coatings were applied at a collecting or gathering eye or pad as the filaments were being gathered into a strand. Because of the speed at which the filaments traveled, the coating material did not completely and uniformly penetrate the strand but instead was largely concentrated at the outer portions of the strand and the filaments at the interior of the strand had little or no coating material thereon. This was particularly the case where more viscous coatings, such as molten waxes, were applied to the strand. If more fluid coatings or coatings that remained fluid longer were applied at the pad or gathering eye, the material might reach the inte-' rior of the strand but because of its fluidity be shaken off or thrown out by centrifugal force during the winding of the strand. Also, the more fluid coatings had to be in the form of dilute solutions or dispersions with the result that only very little coating material could be applied to the filament, often insuflicient to form Well coated surfaces on the filaments so that as a result the strand was weakened by the mutual abrasion of the filaments.
It is another object of the invention to coat the individual fibers with sufficient coating so that when the fibers are gathered together as they are attenuated and wound on a rotating drum the fibers will form a strand which is well bound and that can be fabricated into woven textiles without twisting.
As mentioned previously, the need to have the coating penetrate the strand resulted in prior processes in the application of dilute solutions of coating materials. But this permitted only a small amount of coating material on the strand which was not enough to bond the filaments together securely enough to allow the strand to be efiiciently handled in weaving operations without first having been twisted.
It is another object of the invention to apply coatings in substantial quantity to the individual fiber surfaces without the use of aqueous solutions or dispersions and before the filaments have been exposed to the atmosphere for any appreciable length of time. This assures good wetting of the fiber surfaces by the coating material and avoids the presence of moisture on the fibers at the time the coating is applied.
It is another object of the invention to provide a process and apparatus usable in the making of glass strands by which coating materials can be applied that previously could not be used because they are not available in the forms required by prior processes.
A further object is to provide a method for treating individual glass fibers before they are combined into strand form to permit the application of a high concentration of lubricant having strong adhesion to glass, and having flow characteristics which militate against undesirable redistribution of the lubricant by centrifugal forces during the winding of the strand.
A still further object is to provide coating compositions which may be applied without diluents to glass fiber surfaces, and which exhibit the desired adhesion for glass to integrate the fibers in a fiber bundle for further processing but without making the strand stiff or wiry.
These and other objects and advantages of this invention will hereinafter appear from the disclosure of an embodiment in the following description and drawings, in which latter:
Figure l is a partially schematic elevational view of apparatus for carrying out the invention in the manufacture of continuous type glass fiber strands;
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus of Figure 1 taken on the line 22 of that figure;
Figure 3 is a highly enlarged cross-sectional View of a glass fiber treated in accordance with this invention; and Figure 4 is a greatly magnified cross-sectional view of a strand of glass fibers made according to the invention.
The invention comprises the application to glass filaments as they are formed of a molten coating material, the material being applied to the individual filaments before they are gathered together into a strand. The molten material may be deposited on the filaments in large quantities to provide a substantial coating on the fibers to effectively protect the fiber surfaces against abrasion and make the resulting strand or yarn considerably more durable. As the filaments are gathered together into a strand, the coatings on adjacent fiber surfaces coalesce to weld the filaments together into a well bonded highly integral bundle to thereby cause all the filaments to act together to resist stresses rather than being loaded unequally. As a result, the tensile strength of the strand is greatly increased. 1
The molten material applied to the individual filaments cools and solidifies or increases in viscosity almost immediately after its application to the filaments or at least prior to the time the strand reaches the winding drum and consequently is not displaced or redistributed through the body of strand wound on the drum, with the result that the filaments of the finished strand are uniformly coated throughout the length and cross-section of the strand.
When applied in molten condition to the individual glass filaments as they are formed, it is possible to secure deposition of the protective coating in amounts ranging from 10% to 30% and even more by weight, quantities which were heretofore impossible to achieve in a manner that also provided uniform distribution of the coating material through the cross-section of the strand.
It is preferred to employ as coating compositions, waxes such as rnicrocrystalline Waxes, amorphous waxes, such as ozokerite, montan wax, ceresin wax and other waxy compositions having a mineral origin. Parafiin wax, carnauba wax, beeswax and other waxes including synthetic waxes such as hydrogenated castor oil are also usable. In addition, synthetic and natural resins, rosin, and another heat softenable materials may be used.
It is also possible to employ as at least one constituent of the coating composition an organo-silicon compound selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzable organo-silanes and their polysiloxanes. These are organo-silicon compounds constituted with an organo group attached to the silicon atom through carbon or in the alternative through oxygen attached to carbon in the manner of an oxy group. The following is a representative formula of a polymerized organo-silicon compound.
Compatibility of the low molecular weight polymers with some waxes such as petroleum waxes is improved by the presence of aromatic R groups. Therefore when combined with such waxes the polymers having phenyl groups and the like, such as methyl phenyl polysiloxane, diphenyl polysiloxane, dimethyl phenyl polysiloxane and the like in liquid or solid form are preferred. As little as 0.5% organo-silane calculated on the weight of the entire composition is effective to increase the water resisting characteristics of the coating. Also when used with paraffin and other petroleum waxes, the silicones appear to soften the waxy substance and to give it greater strength. As much as organo-silicon compound can be used advantageously and additional amounts may be used when economically feasible.
Contrary to expectations, the higher molecular weight polymers of the organo-silicon compounds do not undesirably affect the viscosity of the composition and they impart better adhesion of the wax to the glass. Many suitable formulations may be prepared with a mixture of low and high molecular weight organo-silicon compounds to effect desirable combinations of characteristics in the formulated lubricant.
Although not equivalent, the organo-silicon compounds may be wholly or partially replaced in the lubricating composition by a cationic-active amine compound having more than eight carbon atoms. These include the compounds of the type described by Sloan in Patent No. 2,356,542.
Improved adhesion to glass fiber surfaces and still greater strength is secured by admixture of the waxy base with a compatible higher molecular weight compound, including natural substances and plastics such as the bitumens, couniaroneindene, dammar, and ester gum;
synthetic plastic materials of the type polyethylene, polyacrylates, polybutylene, hydrogenated rosin esters, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyamide, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, and thermoplastic phenolics and polyesters which are thermoset by addition of crosslinking agents, and elastomers of the type butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer, chlorinated rubber, rubber hydrochloride, natural rubber and the like, and mixes thereof.
For instance, greatly improved results are secured by the used of polyethylene which, in combination with paraffin in proportions of 3 to 5 parts paraffin to 1 of polyethylene, imparts considerable strength and film forming characteristics to the composition and greatly increases its affinity for the glass fiber surfaces. These substances are compatible at melt temperature. Polyethylene may be used alone as a modifier for paraffin or like waxy substance, or it may be used in combination with an organo-silicon compound or cationic-active substance in the lubrication and treatment of glass fibers. The amounts of other high molecular weight materials may be of the same order, but more often less is used depending on the method of application, the compatibility of the materials and the strength and adhesive characteristics which his desired to develop. The lower limit 2'- of concentration is of the order of that for the organesilicon.
Referring to the drawings, molten glass is passed through a feeder 12 of conventional kind so as to fiow in a plurality of streams 14 arranged closely spaced in one or more rows. The streams are attenuated into filaments 16 by being gathered into a strand over a gathering roll 18 and then wound as a strand onto a drum 20 driven in any suitable manner. If desired, traversing mechanism may be associated with'the drum to move the strand back and forth along the drum as it is wound thereon.
The gathering roll 18 is on a bracket 19 suspended by spring arms 22 from a platform 24 that carries a container 26 provided with a discharge pipe 28 arranged to feed a lubricant or other coating material for the strand onto the gathering roll 18.
Between the gathering roll 18 and the feeder 12 an applicator 32 is arranged to coat the individual filaments with a molten coating material as the filaments move from their zone of formation toward the gathering roll. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the applicator includes a chamber 34 that acts as a reservoir for the supply 35 of molten coating material. Heating elements 36 sub merged in the coating material maintain it at the desired temperature. A roll 38 is journaled at its ends in the side walls of the casing 39 of the applicator 32 and is in engagement with a doctor roll 41 also journaled for rotation in the end walls of the casing and partly immersed in the supply of coating material in the reservoir. Means for rotating the roller 33, and with it, by frictional engagement, the doctor roll 41, comprises a motor 44 geared to the shaft of the roller 38 through a suitable gear reduction mechanism 46.
The roller 38 is driven at the speed that will transfer to the filaments passing over the roller the desired amount of coating material, the direction of rotation being preferably that causing the surface of the roller where it contacts the filaments to move in the same direction as the filaments. The rate of rotation of the roller is nor mally about 15 to 40 R. P. M. when the rate of attenuation of the filaments is in the order of 5,000 to 10,000 feet per minute, and this rate may be increased or decreased to increase or decrease, respectively, the amount of coating material transferred to the filaments.
In addition to variation in speed of the roller, the temperature and viscosity of the coating material may be varied to change the amount of coating material transferred to the filaments. Also, the roller 38 and the roll 41 may be urged together under the adjustable force of springs or other conventional means so that the thickness of the film of coating material on the roller 38 can be adjusted. One or more or all of these factors may be adjusted to vary the quantity of coating material applied to the filaments. Simple trial will demonstrate which adjustments are proper in the case of any coating material to provide the normally desired 10% to 30% coating on the strand.
Beneath the gathering roll 18 a series of radiant burners 52 may be arranged to direct heat onto the strand as it travels toward the attenuating drum 20. These burners are adapted to heat the coating material on the strand to cause the material on the different fibers to coalesce into a single body of coating material. This heating operation is usually required only in the cases where the degree of coalescence that takes place when the filaments are gathered together by the gathering roll is insufiicient to bond the filaments to the degree desired.
Figure 3 illustrates on a greatly enlarged scale the manner in which each filament as it passes over the roller 33 is uniformly coated over its entire surface with a film 54 of coating material. The fact that the coating is applied to the filaments immediately after their formation and before they have had a chance to take up moisture from the atmosphere apparently aids the coating material in distributing itself in a highly uniform fashion about the filament and along the length of the filament; I
When the coated filaments are gathered together into a strand at the gathering roll 18, the coating material has normally not cooled to thepoint of solidification. As a result, the coatings on the different filaments'flow together to form a continuous body 56 of coating material in which all of the filaments 16 are encased and by which they are all securely bonded together in the strand. As a result of this, the filaments are protected against abrasion from each other and from the external abrasion incident to being drawn over guides and other parts of textile processing machinery. In addition, the filaments are so well bonded together that when the strand of filaments is subjected to tensile stress all of the filaments are loaded uniformly and the maximum strength of-the strand is realized.
It has been found preferable to position the roller applicator so that its axis of rotation is about ten or twelve inches below the orifices in the feeder 14 in the case where the rate of attenuation of the molten glass streams to filaments is at about 5,000 to 10,000 feet per minute. However, other locations are possible and it may, for instance, be as close as three or four inches from the orifices where it is desired to apply the coating to the filaments while the filaments are hot and before they have cooled sufliciently to take up atmospheric moisture.
Suitable compositions of coating materials for application to the filaments in the manner described are as follows:
Example 1:
99% paraflin 1% diallyl diethoxysilane Example 2:
98% paraffin 2% methylp'henyl polysiloxane Example 3:
99% ozokerite 1% octadecylamine Example 4:
1% diphenyl polysiloxane 1% of the reaction product of tetraethylene pentamine and stearic acid It is possible to incorporate a coloring agent in the coating composition to thereby dye or color the filaments and strand. The following example is a formulation of this kind:
Example 5:
97.5% mineral wax 0.5% diallyl diethoxy silane 2.0% Sudan Red BBA soluble dye Other formulations are:
Example 6:
76% paraffin 24% polyethylene Example 7:
70% parafiin polybutylene 20% polyethylene Example 8:
60% polyester of rosin abietic acid, maleic anhydride and glycerol (Amberol 800 P, Rohm and Haas Company) 13% parafiinm. pt. about 140 F. hydrogenated castor oil 12% castor oil Example 9:
45% polyester of rosin abietic acid, maleic anhydride and glycerol (Amberol 800 P, Rohm and Haas Company) 15.2% paraflinm. pt. about 140 F.
16.6% hydrogenated castor oil 13.2% castor oil 10% ethyl cellulose10 centipoises. (This viscosity describes the degree of polymerization. The degree of ethylation is 2.43 to 2.54 moles of ethoxy groups per glucose unit.)
Example 10:
% Vuecote No. 307 (Monsanto Chemical -Co., a blend of polyvinyl butyral, polymerized rosin, and waxes) Example 11:
49% abietic acid crystals (Tallex, West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.) 20% ethyl cellulose, 14 centipoises (N 14, Hercules Powder Company) 30% parafiin- 111. pt. F. 1% octyl phenol Example 12:
33% abietic acid crystals 33% polystyrene7000-10000 mol. wt. 34% mineral oil plasticizer (Dutrex 20, Shell Oil Company) Example 13:
30% abietic acid crystals 20% cellulose acetate butyrate (Tenite II, Tennessee Eastman Corp.)
15% polyvinyl acetate (Gelva 2 /2, Shawinigan Products Corporation) 35% mineral oil plasticizer (Dutrex 20, Shell Oil Company) Example 14:
49% glycol ester of hydrogenated rosin (Staybelite Ester No. 10, Hercules Powder Company) 18% ethyl cellulose, 14 centipoises (N 14, Hercules Powder Company) 32% paraflin, m. pt. 130 F. 1% octyl phenol The above compositions are merely representative of the large number of combinations which may be made with the materials previously described. The compositions form compatible melts while being maintained at the preferred temperature for application to the glass fiber filaments which temperature is usually that providing a viscosity of the coating material in the order of 5 to 500 centipoises.
The application of any of these materials by the roller applicator 38 may be followed by a second coating of the strand at the gathering roll 18. In this way a heavier coating may surround the strand and this second coating may be compatible with the first-applied coating or it may be incompatible therewith so as to form a sleeve over the coated strand. For example, where a wax such as paraflin is applied to the filaments at the roller applicator, a second coating of paraflin, either molten or in an aqueous emulsion may be applied to the filaments at the roll 18 as the filaments are gathered together. Alternatively, a substance incompatible with the parafiin, for example, gelatin or animal glue, may be applied over the parafiin at the gathering roll so as to form a hard smooth sleeve encasing the parafiin-coated filaments. Also, for certain uses of the strand, an oil or other lubricant may be applied at the gathering roll that is incompatible with the coating applied to the filaments at the roller applicator to thereby keep the filaments separate and capable of relative movement in the strand. For example, a vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer resin might be applied at the roller applicator followed by the application of a light petroleum oil or vegetable oil, such as cocoanut oil, at the gathering roll.
These and other changes may be made in the invention with respect to materials and amounts and to variations in the method of application without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a size on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of mineral wax, up to 5 percent by weight of an organosilicon compound selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes, and polyethylene present in the ratio of 3-5 parts by Weight mineral wax to one part by weight polyethylene.
2. An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a size on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of mineral wax and polyethylene present in the ratio of 3-5 parts by weight mineral wax to one part by Weight polyethylene.
3. An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of 95 to 99.5 percent by weight mineral wax and an organo-silicon selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes in amounts from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of the coating composition.
4. An article of manufacture comprising glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces consisting essentially of 95 to 99.5 percent by weight mineral wax and from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of a polysiloxane.
5. The method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of mineral wax, up to 5 percent by weight of an organo-silicon compound selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes, and polyethylene present in the ratio of 3-5 parts by weight mineral wax to 1 part by weight polyethylene.
6. The method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of mineral wax and polyethylene present in the ratio of 35 parts by weight mineral wax to 1 part by weight polyethylene.
7. The method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of 95 .to 99.5 percent by Weight mineral Wax and an organo-silicon selected from the group consisting of silanes and polysiloxanes in amounts from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of the coating composition.
8. The method of treating glass fibers in forming comprising the steps of collecting the fibers together into strands and coating the fibers prior to formation into strands with a composition the solids of which consist essentially of 95 to 99.5 percent by weight mineral wax and from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight of a polysiloxane.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 609,452 Morris Aug. 23, 1898 1,421,306 Rawlings June 27, 1922 2,224,274 Powers Dec. 10, 1940 2,234,986 Slayter et al Mar. 18, 1941 2,333,535 Lauer Nov. 2, 1943 2,392,805 Biefeld Jan. 15, 1946 2,547,396 Jo'anen Apr. 3, 1951 2,550,438 Zoeller Apr. 24, 1951 2,582,037 Hyde Jan. 8, 1952
Claims (2)
1. AN ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE COMPRISING GLASS FIBERS AND A SIZE ON THE GLASS FIBER SURFACES CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF MINERAL WAX, UP TO 5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AN ORGANOSILICON COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SILANES AND POLYSILOXANSES, AND POLYETHYLENE PRESENT IN THE RATIO OF 3-5 PARTS BY WEIGHT MINERAL WAX TO ONE PART BY WEIGHT POLYETHTLENE.
5. THE METHOD OF TREATING GLASS FIBERS IN FORMING COMPRISING THE STEPS OF COLLECTING THE FIBERS TOGETHER INTO STRANDS AND COATING THE FIBERS PRIOR TO FORMATION INTO STRANDS WITH A COMPOSITION THE SOLIDS OF WHICH CONSIST ESSENTIALLY OF MINERAL WAX, UP TO 5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AN ORGANO-SILICON COMPOUND SELECTD FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SLIANES AND POLYSILOXANES, AND POLYETHYLENE PERSENT IN THE RATIO OF 3-5 PARTS BY WEIGHT MINERAL WAX TO 1 PART BY WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE.
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US165214A US2723215A (en) | 1950-05-31 | 1950-05-31 | Glass fiber product and method of making same |
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Cited By (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2798020A (en) * | 1953-06-23 | 1957-07-02 | Lof Glass Fibers Co | Method of making a glass fiber reinforced resinous product |
US2835221A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-05-20 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating fibrous glass with molten metal |
US2854059A (en) * | 1954-10-07 | 1958-09-30 | Versil Ltd | Apparatus for producing bonded staple lengths of grouped filaments |
US2920981A (en) * | 1954-03-30 | 1960-01-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Metal coated fibers and treatments therefor |
US2951780A (en) * | 1955-10-19 | 1960-09-06 | Gen Am Transport | Methods of making decorative glass fiber reinforced resin bodies |
US2958919A (en) * | 1958-05-14 | 1960-11-08 | Versil Ltd | Method and apparatus for producing insulating material |
US2968278A (en) * | 1955-07-07 | 1961-01-17 | Johns Manville Fiber Glass Inc | Method and apparartus for coating continuous fibers |
US2968334A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1961-01-17 | Pedersen Bent Hojberg | Process and apparatus for producing sheets of thermoplastic material |
US3002874A (en) * | 1955-02-01 | 1961-10-03 | Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp | Apparatus for the manufacture of pneumatic tyres |
US3022210A (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1962-02-20 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of making molding compounds of glass fiber reinforced plastics |
US3025205A (en) * | 1958-01-30 | 1962-03-13 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Filament delivery systems and methods |
US3027868A (en) * | 1958-08-21 | 1962-04-03 | Philbrick Strickland Laminates | Treating mechanism |
US3032813A (en) * | 1957-07-09 | 1962-05-08 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for forming and processing continuous filaments |
US3070981A (en) * | 1959-12-18 | 1963-01-01 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of and apparatus for forming strands of filaments |
US3116192A (en) * | 1959-07-07 | 1963-12-31 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass fiber treatiment |
US3192089A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1965-06-29 | Dow Corning | Compositions for sizing siliceous fibers and process |
US3220905A (en) * | 1960-06-08 | 1965-11-30 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of preparing fibrous glass reinforcements |
US3222149A (en) * | 1963-02-19 | 1965-12-07 | Warren W Drummond | Method for producing conductive glass fiber yarn |
US3276945A (en) * | 1957-08-23 | 1966-10-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Strand product |
US3453652A (en) * | 1962-11-01 | 1969-07-01 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Treated glass fiber bundles and combinations thereof with elastomeric material |
US3497375A (en) * | 1967-10-09 | 1970-02-24 | Chevron Res | Coated wooden concrete mold and a method for making same |
US3655353A (en) * | 1969-05-21 | 1972-04-11 | Ppg Industries Inc | Glass fiber size |
US3862853A (en) * | 1971-07-29 | 1975-01-28 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of coating yarn |
US3889038A (en) * | 1953-05-04 | 1975-06-10 | Sol B Wiczer | Coated filament and method of forming same |
USB557721I5 (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1976-03-23 | ||
US3951631A (en) * | 1974-08-19 | 1976-04-20 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Apparatus for coating continuously produced glass filaments |
FR2295836A1 (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-07-23 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | COMPOSITE OBJECT ARMED WITH FIBERS AND ITS REALIZATION PROCESS |
US4029006A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-06-14 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for printing indicia on a continuous, elongate, flexible three-dimensional member |
US4143006A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1979-03-06 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Size composition for treating glass fibers for reinforcement of paper comprising starch, a polyolefin emulsion and lubricant |
US4171212A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1979-10-16 | Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. | Molten glass separating device in glass fiber forming apparatus |
US4316358A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1982-02-23 | Oda Gosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | False-twisting system |
US4370157A (en) * | 1981-03-09 | 1983-01-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Stable sizing compositions used during forming of glass fibers and resulting fiber |
US4455400A (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1984-06-19 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Migratin-free size for glass fibers |
US4504619A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1985-03-12 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Irimellitic anhydride-containing unsaturated polyesters |
US4530860A (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1985-07-23 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Migration-free size for glass fibers |
US4579078A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1986-04-01 | Manville Service Corporation | Sizing applicator |
US4927445A (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1990-05-22 | Vetrotex Saint-Gobain | Apparatus for producing coated single twist glass yarns |
US5049407A (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1991-09-17 | Vetrotex Saint-Gobain | Process and apparatus for producing coated glass yarns |
US5171634A (en) * | 1986-02-12 | 1992-12-15 | Vetrotex Saint-Gobain | Process and apparatus for producing coated glass yarns and sizing coating therefor |
US5286562A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1994-02-15 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Weavable textile glass strand |
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US5972503A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1999-10-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Chemical treatments for fibers and wire-coated composite strands for molding fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite articles |
US6099910A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 2000-08-08 | Owens Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Chemical treatments for fibers |
US20040050579A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-03-18 | Hager Thomas P. | Low cost, high performance flexible reinforcement for communications cable |
EP1457466A2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2004-09-15 | PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. | Resin compatible yarn binder and uses thereof |
US20050100734A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2005-05-12 | Puckett Garry D. | Sizing composition for glass fibers and sized fiber glass products |
US20070079730A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-12 | Puckett Garry D | Compounds, rosins, and sizing compositions |
US20070252302A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2007-11-01 | Hager Thomas P | Low cost, high performance, flexible, water-swellable reinforcement for communications cable |
US7354641B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2008-04-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Resin compatible yarn binder and uses thereof |
US20080310801A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2008-12-18 | Hager Thomas P | Low cost, high performance, low profile flexible reinforcement for communications cable |
EP3026157A1 (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-06-01 | Murata Machinery, Ltd. | Yarn manufacturing device |
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US3889038A (en) * | 1953-05-04 | 1975-06-10 | Sol B Wiczer | Coated filament and method of forming same |
US2835221A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-05-20 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating fibrous glass with molten metal |
US2798020A (en) * | 1953-06-23 | 1957-07-02 | Lof Glass Fibers Co | Method of making a glass fiber reinforced resinous product |
US2920981A (en) * | 1954-03-30 | 1960-01-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Metal coated fibers and treatments therefor |
US2854059A (en) * | 1954-10-07 | 1958-09-30 | Versil Ltd | Apparatus for producing bonded staple lengths of grouped filaments |
US3002874A (en) * | 1955-02-01 | 1961-10-03 | Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp | Apparatus for the manufacture of pneumatic tyres |
US2968278A (en) * | 1955-07-07 | 1961-01-17 | Johns Manville Fiber Glass Inc | Method and apparartus for coating continuous fibers |
US2951780A (en) * | 1955-10-19 | 1960-09-06 | Gen Am Transport | Methods of making decorative glass fiber reinforced resin bodies |
US3022210A (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1962-02-20 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of making molding compounds of glass fiber reinforced plastics |
US2968334A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1961-01-17 | Pedersen Bent Hojberg | Process and apparatus for producing sheets of thermoplastic material |
US3032813A (en) * | 1957-07-09 | 1962-05-08 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for forming and processing continuous filaments |
US3276945A (en) * | 1957-08-23 | 1966-10-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Strand product |
US3025205A (en) * | 1958-01-30 | 1962-03-13 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Filament delivery systems and methods |
US2958919A (en) * | 1958-05-14 | 1960-11-08 | Versil Ltd | Method and apparatus for producing insulating material |
US3027868A (en) * | 1958-08-21 | 1962-04-03 | Philbrick Strickland Laminates | Treating mechanism |
US3116192A (en) * | 1959-07-07 | 1963-12-31 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass fiber treatiment |
US3070981A (en) * | 1959-12-18 | 1963-01-01 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of and apparatus for forming strands of filaments |
US3220905A (en) * | 1960-06-08 | 1965-11-30 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of preparing fibrous glass reinforcements |
US3192089A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1965-06-29 | Dow Corning | Compositions for sizing siliceous fibers and process |
US3453652A (en) * | 1962-11-01 | 1969-07-01 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Treated glass fiber bundles and combinations thereof with elastomeric material |
US3222149A (en) * | 1963-02-19 | 1965-12-07 | Warren W Drummond | Method for producing conductive glass fiber yarn |
US3497375A (en) * | 1967-10-09 | 1970-02-24 | Chevron Res | Coated wooden concrete mold and a method for making same |
US3655353A (en) * | 1969-05-21 | 1972-04-11 | Ppg Industries Inc | Glass fiber size |
US3862853A (en) * | 1971-07-29 | 1975-01-28 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of coating yarn |
US3951631A (en) * | 1974-08-19 | 1976-04-20 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Apparatus for coating continuously produced glass filaments |
FR2295836A1 (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-07-23 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | COMPOSITE OBJECT ARMED WITH FIBERS AND ITS REALIZATION PROCESS |
US4035550A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1977-07-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Fiber reinforced composite of high fracture toughness |
USB557721I5 (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1976-03-23 | ||
US4013435A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1977-03-22 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Production of organic fibers with inorganic cores |
US4029006A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-06-14 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for printing indicia on a continuous, elongate, flexible three-dimensional member |
US4143006A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1979-03-06 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Size composition for treating glass fibers for reinforcement of paper comprising starch, a polyolefin emulsion and lubricant |
US4171212A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1979-10-16 | Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. | Molten glass separating device in glass fiber forming apparatus |
US4455400A (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1984-06-19 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Migratin-free size for glass fibers |
US4316358A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1982-02-23 | Oda Gosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | False-twisting system |
US4504619A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1985-03-12 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Irimellitic anhydride-containing unsaturated polyesters |
US4530860A (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1985-07-23 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Migration-free size for glass fibers |
US4370157A (en) * | 1981-03-09 | 1983-01-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Stable sizing compositions used during forming of glass fibers and resulting fiber |
US4579078A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1986-04-01 | Manville Service Corporation | Sizing applicator |
US5171634A (en) * | 1986-02-12 | 1992-12-15 | Vetrotex Saint-Gobain | Process and apparatus for producing coated glass yarns and sizing coating therefor |
US5049407A (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1991-09-17 | Vetrotex Saint-Gobain | Process and apparatus for producing coated glass yarns |
US4927445A (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1990-05-22 | Vetrotex Saint-Gobain | Apparatus for producing coated single twist glass yarns |
US5286562A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1994-02-15 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Weavable textile glass strand |
US5639292A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1997-06-17 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology Inc. | Process and apparatus for applying size to glass fibers |
US5773146A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-06-30 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Forming size compositions, glass fibers coated with the same and fabrics woven from such coated fibers |
US5972503A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1999-10-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Chemical treatments for fibers and wire-coated composite strands for molding fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite articles |
US6099910A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 2000-08-08 | Owens Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Chemical treatments for fibers |
US6533882B1 (en) | 1996-08-12 | 2003-03-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Chemical treatments for fibers and wire-coated composite strands for molding fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite articles |
WO1998041485A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Owens Corning | Apparatus for applying a sizing composition to glass fibers |
US5961685A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-10-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Technology, Inc. | Apparatus for applying a generally uniform sizing composition to glass fibers |
US20080310802A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2008-12-18 | Hager Thomas P | Low Cost, High Performance Flexible Reinforcement for Communications Cable |
US20080310801A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2008-12-18 | Hager Thomas P | Low cost, high performance, low profile flexible reinforcement for communications cable |
US8525031B2 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2013-09-03 | Neptco Jv Llc | Low cost, high performance flexible reinforcement for communications cable |
US8406591B2 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2013-03-26 | Neptco Jv, Llc | Low cost, high performance, low profile flexible reinforcement for communications cable |
US8126303B2 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2012-02-28 | Neptco Jv, Llc | Low cost, high performance, low profile flexible reinforcement for communications cable |
US20040050579A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-03-18 | Hager Thomas P. | Low cost, high performance flexible reinforcement for communications cable |
US20070252302A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2007-11-01 | Hager Thomas P | Low cost, high performance, flexible, water-swellable reinforcement for communications cable |
US8062746B2 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2011-11-22 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Resin compatible yarn binder and uses thereof |
EP1457466A2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2004-09-15 | PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. | Resin compatible yarn binder and uses thereof |
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US7291390B2 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2007-11-06 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Sizing composition for glass fibers and sized fiber glass products |
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US20050100734A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2005-05-12 | Puckett Garry D. | Sizing composition for glass fibers and sized fiber glass products |
US7354641B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2008-04-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Resin compatible yarn binder and uses thereof |
US20070079730A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-12 | Puckett Garry D | Compounds, rosins, and sizing compositions |
US7709599B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2010-05-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Compounds, rosins, and sizing compositions |
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