US2685508A - High wet strength paper and its preparation - Google Patents
High wet strength paper and its preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2685508A US2685508A US198733A US19873350A US2685508A US 2685508 A US2685508 A US 2685508A US 198733 A US198733 A US 198733A US 19873350 A US19873350 A US 19873350A US 2685508 A US2685508 A US 2685508A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- parts
- solution
- melamine
- pulp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013055 pulp slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 11
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000186140 Asperula odorata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008526 Galium odoratum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/31—Gums
- D21H17/32—Guar or other polygalactomannan gum
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- D21H17/49—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with compounds containing hydrogen bound to nitrogen
- D21H17/51—Triazines, e.g. melamine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
Definitions
- This invention relates to the improvement of physical properties of paper of the high wet strength type by adding to a pulp slurry melamine-formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar prior to forming the paper web on the felt or wire of a paper machine.
- the paper In certain types of uses such as the base for photographic paper it is desirable that the paper have high wet strength, fold endurance, resistance to liquid penetration and dry bursting strength and that the rate of liquid absorption be less than is ordinaril encountered in paper. It has been previously recognized in U. S. appli cation Serial No. 532,299 of Fred W. Boughton, filed April 22, 1944, now Patent No. 2,548,513, that the addition of an aqueous acid solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin to a pulp slurry will increase the wet strength of the paper formed therefrom. It is also known that the mucilage from the seeds of guar when added to pulp slurry will impart an increased wet and dry strength to the finished paper.
- the melamine-formaldehyde resin is that which is ordinarily employed as a beater sizing in the preparation of high wet strength paper and is readily available on the market such as under the trade name Parez 607.
- the melamine-formaldehye resin is added in the form of a solution in dilute hydrochloric acid.
- Oxidized guar is the oxidation product of the mannogalactan mucilage from seeds of guar.
- One method by which this oxidized guar can be obtained is by first slowly adding the guar to an aqueous borax solution followed by the addition thereto of a solution of sodium hypochlorite and allowing the reaction to continue until substantially all of the hypochlorite is consumed.
- Oxidized guar is available on the market under the trade name Royal Lycoid.
- beater sizing materials are rosin, hydro genated rosin or stearic acid which has been saponified with caustic soda or the like. Ordinarily the size may be prepared from the rosin, hydrogenated rosin, or stearic acid by treating the material with one-third of its weight of caustic soda. The soap thus formed can be employed in the beater in any dilution desired. It is preferred that the amount of caustic soda be kept to a minimum as otherwise larger proportions of acid in the beater sizing operation would be necessary. After the beater sizing and the acid imparting material has been thoroughly incorporated in the pulp there is then added thereto the melamine-formaldehyde resin and the oxidized guar.
- the proportions of the melamine-formaldehyde resin and the oxidized guar which have been found to be the most useful lie within the range of 1-2% of the former and /.;-2% of the latter, these percentages being based on the bone dry weight of the pulp. For instance good results have been obtained using 2% of each, 2% of the melamine-formaldehyde resin and 1 of the oxidized guar, 1% of the resin and of the oxidized guar and 2% of the resin and of the oxidized guar. If one of these constituents is to predominate, it is preferable that the melamine-formaldehyde resin be that predominating constituent.
- Example I 141 parts of an aqueous solution of sodium stearate which stoiohiometrically contains approximately 2% stearic acid was added to 6,000 parts of a slurry of pulp and water containing parts of dry pulp. This mass was agitated for a minute or two whereupon an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride of 14% strength was added in sufficient amount to depress the pH of the slurry to approximately 4.2.
- Example II The procedure of Example I was repeated except that 101 parts of a hot aqueous 1% solution of oxidized guar was employed instead of the melamine-formaldehyde resin solution. This procedure was also for the purpose of preparing a product for comparison with the products in accordance with my invention.
- Example III The procedure of Example I was repeated except that after the addition of the melamineformaldehyde resin and approximately 5 minutes of agitation, 101 parts of a 1% solution of oxidized guar was added to the mass and thoroughly incorporated therein.
- Example IV Example 11 was repeated except that after the addition of the oxidized guar solution and agitation for approximately 5 minutes, 20 parts of a 7.5% solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin in aqueous hydrochloric acid was incorporated and the paper sheet was then formed.
- Example V Example I was repeated except that instead of adding 20 parts of the melamine-formaldehyde resin solution, 101 parts of a 1% solution of oxidized guar and 20 parts of a 7.5% solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin were added simultaneously to the pulp mass and thoroughly incorporated therein whereupon the mass was diluted and paper was formed therefrom.
- the papers before testing were first conditioned for two hours at approximately 73 F. and approximately 50% relative humidity. This conditioning is in accordance with Tappi specification 402M4l.
- the testing as regards folds was carried out by placing strips of conditioned paper having a width of 15 mm. and a length of at least 6 inches in an M. I. T. folding endurance tester. The tester subjects the samples to 180 double folds per minute while under a constant load of l kilogram. The results are read directly from a counter and expressed as number of double folds.
- the .wet strength is determined in accordance with Tappi specification 403M41. In these tests the samples of paper were soaked in distilled water at room temperature for two hours. The bursting strength is then measured on a Minden paper tester. The results are expressed in pounds per square inch.
- the Mullen value was determined in accordance with Tappi specification 403M41. Samples of the conditioned paper were placed in an automatic Mullen paper tester and were subjected to increasing hydrostatic pressure over an area of one square inch. The results are expressed directly in points, one point being approximately one pound,
- the valley penetration recorded in seconds was obtained by mounting a 2" square sample of conditioned paper between two wooden blocks that have been drilled to allow an electrolyte (516 ml. distilled water, 24 g. of NaCl, 60 ml. glycerine) to contact both sides of the paper simultaneously over a circular area that is one inch in diameter. A potential is applied that allows 200 milliarnperes of current to flow when no paper sample is present.
- an electrolyte 516 ml. distilled water, 24 g. of NaCl, 60 ml. glycerine
- a potential is applied that allows 200 milliarnperes of current to flow when no paper sample is present.
- the Cobb size was determined in accordance with Tappi specification T441M45. This value is determined as follows:
- Eacample XIV There was added to the pulp suspension in the beater 141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size and sufficient aluminum chloride to inject a pH of 4. Paper was formed therefrom.
- Example XVI To the pulp suspension in the beater was added 141 parts of 1.92% sodium stearate size, AlC13, to impart a pH of 4 and 101 parts of 1% oxidized guar solution. Paper was formed therefrom.
- the pulp which is employed in preparing paper in accordance with my invention is preferably a high alphaoellulose pulp such as may be obtained by preparing pulp by a sulfite process and then subjecting it to defining steps as is known in the art for preparing high alphacellulose woodpulp. It is to be understood, however, that my invention is not confined to that type of pulp as the invention that I have described herein is useful for improving the properties of papers generally as regards their strength and resistance to the efiects of moisture, either water vapor or in liquid form.
- a method of preparing paper adapted for as a base for photographic paper which includes adding to the pulp slurry from which the paper is prepared melamine formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar prior to forming the paper web on the paper resin, the former being added in the proportion of .225-2% and the latter of /42% based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose.
- a method of preparing paper adapted for use as a base for photographic paper which includes the addition to the pulp slurry from which the paper is prepared for melamine formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar prior to forming the paper web on the paper resin, the former being added in the proportion of 1-2% and the latter of A -2% based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose.
- a method of making paper adapted for use as a base for photographic paper which comprises adding to a pulp suspension in a beater an acid precipitable sizing material and an acidifying agent selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate to bring the suspension to a pH of 4-5, subsequently adding to the pulp suspension .225-2% of melamine formaldehyde resin and 2% of oxidized guar which percentages are based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose and forming a paper web on the paper resin from that pulp suspension.
- a paper having high wet strength adapted for use as a base for photographic paper which contains melamine formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar, the former in the proportion of .225-2% and the latter of %-2% based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose.
Description
Patented Aug. 3, 1954 HIGH WET STRENGTH PAPER AND ITS PREPARATION Donald R. Spear, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application December 1, 1950, Serial No. 198,733
4 Claims.
1 This invention relates to the improvement of physical properties of paper of the high wet strength type by adding to a pulp slurry melamine-formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar prior to forming the paper web on the felt or wire of a paper machine.
In certain types of uses such as the base for photographic paper it is desirable that the paper have high wet strength, fold endurance, resistance to liquid penetration and dry bursting strength and that the rate of liquid absorption be less than is ordinaril encountered in paper. It has been previously recognized in U. S. appli cation Serial No. 532,299 of Fred W. Boughton, filed April 22, 1944, now Patent No. 2,548,513, that the addition of an aqueous acid solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin to a pulp slurry will increase the wet strength of the paper formed therefrom. It is also known that the mucilage from the seeds of guar when added to pulp slurry will impart an increased wet and dry strength to the finished paper. I have found, however, that by incorporating melamine-formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar in a pulp slurry prior to the preparation of paper therefrom, that these materials exert a combined effect greater than would be expected so that a paper having a higher wet strength, fold endurance, dry burst strength and resistance to liquid penetration is obtained by the use of either of these materials alone.
The melamine-formaldehyde resin is that which is ordinarily employed as a beater sizing in the preparation of high wet strength paper and is readily available on the market such as under the trade name Parez 607. The melamine-formaldehye resin is added in the form of a solution in dilute hydrochloric acid. Oxidized guar is the oxidation product of the mannogalactan mucilage from seeds of guar. One method by which this oxidized guar can be obtained is by first slowly adding the guar to an aqueous borax solution followed by the addition thereto of a solution of sodium hypochlorite and allowing the reaction to continue until substantially all of the hypochlorite is consumed. Oxidized guar is available on the market under the trade name Royal Lycoid.
It is preferred in making paper in accordance with my invention that there be incorporated in the pulp suspension in the beater one of the usual beater sizings which suspension is acidified to a pH of 4 to 5 by the addition of an acidifying agent such as aluminum chloride or aluminum sulfate, the former being preferred, The
usual beater sizing materials are rosin, hydro genated rosin or stearic acid which has been saponified with caustic soda or the like. Ordinarily the size may be prepared from the rosin, hydrogenated rosin, or stearic acid by treating the material with one-third of its weight of caustic soda. The soap thus formed can be employed in the beater in any dilution desired. It is preferred that the amount of caustic soda be kept to a minimum as otherwise larger proportions of acid in the beater sizing operation would be necessary. After the beater sizing and the acid imparting material has been thoroughly incorporated in the pulp there is then added thereto the melamine-formaldehyde resin and the oxidized guar. These materials can be added either simultaneously or one can be added shortly prior to the other. This addition may take place in the beater proper or the beating operation can be completed and the pulp may then be put through the Jordan in which the addition of the melamine-formaldehyde resin and the oxidized guar may be made. After this operation the paper stock is then ready for deposit on the wire of the paper machine wherein paper is prepared therefrom.
The proportions of the melamine-formaldehyde resin and the oxidized guar which have been found to be the most useful lie within the range of 1-2% of the former and /.;-2% of the latter, these percentages being based on the bone dry weight of the pulp. For instance good results have been obtained using 2% of each, 2% of the melamine-formaldehyde resin and 1 of the oxidized guar, 1% of the resin and of the oxidized guar and 2% of the resin and of the oxidized guar. If one of these constituents is to predominate, it is preferable that the melamine-formaldehyde resin be that predominating constituent.
The fibers appear to take up the resin and the oxidized guar readily and thus these proportions also carry over to the paper prepared in accordance with my invention. The following examples illustrate my invention:
Example I 141 parts of an aqueous solution of sodium stearate which stoiohiometrically contains approximately 2% stearic acid was added to 6,000 parts of a slurry of pulp and water containing parts of dry pulp. This mass was agitated for a minute or two whereupon an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride of 14% strength was added in sufficient amount to depress the pH of the slurry to approximately 4.2.
After agitating the mass for a few minutes 20 parts of a 7.5% solution of melamineformalde hyde resin in dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid was added, The mixture was placed in a Noble Wood proportioner and sufficiently diluted that one quart of the slurry will form a sheet having dimensions of 8" x 8" weighing 2.5 grams after pressing between two pieces of felt to approximately 35% moisture content and drying on a rotary dryer at 200-210 F. for 3 to 4 minutes. This paper was prepared to be used for comparison for papers in which a mixture of melamine-formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar is used.
Example II The procedure of Example I was repeated except that 101 parts of a hot aqueous 1% solution of oxidized guar was employed instead of the melamine-formaldehyde resin solution. This procedure was also for the purpose of preparing a product for comparison with the products in accordance with my invention.
Example III The procedure of Example I was repeated except that after the addition of the melamineformaldehyde resin and approximately 5 minutes of agitation, 101 parts of a 1% solution of oxidized guar was added to the mass and thoroughly incorporated therein.
Example IV Example 11 was repeated except that after the addition of the oxidized guar solution and agitation for approximately 5 minutes, 20 parts of a 7.5% solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin in aqueous hydrochloric acid was incorporated and the paper sheet was then formed.
Example V Example I was repeated except that instead of adding 20 parts of the melamine-formaldehyde resin solution, 101 parts of a 1% solution of oxidized guar and 20 parts of a 7.5% solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin were added simultaneously to the pulp mass and thoroughly incorporated therein whereupon the mass was diluted and paper was formed therefrom.
The various papers prepared by the procedure of Examples I to V were subjected to a series of physical tests and the results obtained indicate that the combination of the malamine-formaldehyde resin and the oxidized guar therein give desirable physical properties which could not be attained by the use of either one of these add tions alone. The results in the various physical tests were as follows:
The papers before testing were first conditioned for two hours at approximately 73 F. and approximately 50% relative humidity. This conditioning is in accordance with Tappi specification 402M4l.
The testing as regards folds was carried out by placing strips of conditioned paper having a width of 15 mm. and a length of at least 6 inches in an M. I. T. folding endurance tester. The tester subjects the samples to 180 double folds per minute while under a constant load of l kilogram. The results are read directly from a counter and expressed as number of double folds.
The .wet strength is determined in accordance with Tappi specification 403M41. In these tests the samples of paper were soaked in distilled water at room temperature for two hours. The bursting strength is then measured on a Minden paper tester. The results are expressed in pounds per square inch.
The Mullen value was determined in accordance with Tappi specification 403M41. Samples of the conditioned paper were placed in an automatic Mullen paper tester and were subjected to increasing hydrostatic pressure over an area of one square inch. The results are expressed directly in points, one point being approximately one pound,
The valley penetration recorded in seconds was obtained by mounting a 2" square sample of conditioned paper between two wooden blocks that have been drilled to allow an electrolyte (516 ml. distilled water, 24 g. of NaCl, 60 ml. glycerine) to contact both sides of the paper simultaneously over a circular area that is one inch in diameter. A potential is applied that allows 200 milliarnperes of current to flow when no paper sample is present. When a paper sample is mounted in the blocks the time in seconds is noted from the moment the electrolyte is first brought into contact with the paper sample until 160 milliamperes of current flows through the sample. This time in seconds is the valley penetration value of the paper.
The Cobb size was determined in accordance with Tappi specification T441M45. This value is determined as follows:
An open cylinder with cross-sectional area of 100 cm. is clamped over the sample of conditioned paper to be tested. A piece of felt under the sample acts as a seal. 50 ml. of distilled water is poured in the top of the cylinder and allowed to remain in contact with the surface of the paper sample a predetermined length of time. In this case, 2 minutes. At the end of the period the water is poured out of the cylinder, the paper sample blotted to remove excess moisture and the sample weighed. The difference in wet and dry weight is expressed in grams and is a measure of the sizing of the paper.
Further examples involving the preparation of a high wet strength paper in accordance with my invention are as follows, in every case 6,080 parts of aqueous pulp slurry containing 2 pulp being used which slurry has been beaten to a Williams slowness of 20 to 25 seconds.
Example VI The procedure described was repeated but the additions to the pulp were as follows:
141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size solution 85 parts 14% AlCla solution 36 parts 7.5% melamine-formaldehyde solution The values obtained upon testing the paper were as follows:
Wet Valley Cobb Fold Mullen Strength Penetration Size Example VII In this example and those following, the materials listed were added to the pulp in the beater or after. The additions to the pulp in the beater were as follows:
141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size solution 85 parts 14% A1013 solution 36 parts 7.5% melamine-formaldehyde solution 67.5 parts 0.5% oxidized guar solution The last two items ware added simultaneously. Paper was prepared and the values obtained were:
Wet Valley Cobb Fold Mullen Strength Penetration Size Example VIII 141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size solution 85 parts 14% A101;
4.5 parts 7.5% melamine-formaldehyde solution 540 parts 0.5% oxidized guar solution Values obtained from the paper prepared were:
Wet Valley Cobb Mullen Strength Penetration Size Example IX 141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size solution 85 parts 14% A1013 540 parts 0.5% oxidized guar solution 141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size solution 85 parts AlCla The values obtained from the paper resulting were:
Wet Valley Cobb F 01d Mullen Strength Penetration Size The following examples serve to demonstrate that with the exception of fold, little difierence is found whether the melamine-formaldehyde resin and the oxidized guar are added simultaneously or one is added following the other.
Example XI There was added to the pulp in the beater:
141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size 85 parts 43% A1013 solution 18 parts 7.5% melamine-formaldehyde solution 270 parts 0.5% oxidized guar solution The last two items were added simultaneously.
The values obtained from the paper resulting were:
. Wet Valley Cobb Told Mullen Strength Penetration Size Example XII There was added to the pulp suspension:
141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size parts 14% A1012 solution 270 parts 0.5% oxidized guar solution The suspension was agitated for 3 minutes and there was then added 18 parts of melamineformaldehyde resin solution. The values obtained from the paper resulting were:
Wet Valley Cobb Fold Mullen Strength Penetration Size Example XIII In this case there was added to the suspended pulp in the beater:
141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size 85 parts 14% AlCh solution 18 parts 7.5% melamine formaldehyde solution The suspension was agitated 3 minutes and there was then added 270 parts 0.5% oxidized guar solution. The values obtained from the paper resulting were:
Wet Valley Pen- Cobb F 01d Mullen Strength etration Size The following examples also illustrate the value of the addition of both melamine-formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar.
Eacample XIV There was added to the pulp suspension in the beater 141 parts 1.92% sodium stearate size and sufficient aluminum chloride to inject a pH of 4. Paper was formed therefrom.
Wet Valley Pen- Cobb Fold Mullen Strength etration Size Example XV To the pulp suspension in the beater there was added:
141 parts of 1.92% sodium stearate size Aluminum chloride to impart a pH of 4 and 18 parts of 7.5% melamine-formaldehyde resin solution Paper was formed therefrom.
Wet Valley Pen' Cobb Fold Mullen Strength etratlon Size 7 Example XVI To the pulp suspension in the beater was added 141 parts of 1.92% sodium stearate size, AlC13, to impart a pH of 4 and 101 parts of 1% oxidized guar solution. Paper was formed therefrom.
There was added to the pulp suspension in the beater:
141 parts of 1.92% sodium stearate size AlCb to impart a pH of 4 101 parts of oxidized guar solution 18 parts of melamine-formaldehyde resin solution Paper was formed therefrom.
Wet Valley Pcn- Cobb Fold Mullen Strength etration Size In Examples VI to XVII given above in every 9 case paper was prepared and subjected to tests which have been described herein and the values obtained are listed in those examples.
The pulp which is employed in preparing paper in accordance with my invention is preferably a high alphaoellulose pulp such as may be obtained by preparing pulp by a sulfite process and then subjecting it to defining steps as is known in the art for preparing high alphacellulose woodpulp. It is to be understood, however, that my invention is not confined to that type of pulp as the invention that I have described herein is useful for improving the properties of papers generally as regards their strength and resistance to the efiects of moisture, either water vapor or in liquid form.
I claim:
1. A method of preparing paper adapted for as a base for photographic paper which includes adding to the pulp slurry from which the paper is prepared melamine formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar prior to forming the paper web on the paper resin, the former being added in the proportion of .225-2% and the latter of /42% based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose.
2. A method of preparing paper adapted for use as a base for photographic paper which includes the addition to the pulp slurry from which the paper is prepared for melamine formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar prior to forming the paper web on the paper resin, the former being added in the proportion of 1-2% and the latter of A -2% based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose.
3. A method of making paper adapted for use as a base for photographic paper which comprises adding to a pulp suspension in a beater an acid precipitable sizing material and an acidifying agent selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate to bring the suspension to a pH of 4-5, subsequently adding to the pulp suspension .225-2% of melamine formaldehyde resin and 2% of oxidized guar which percentages are based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose and forming a paper web on the paper resin from that pulp suspension.
4. A paper having high wet strength adapted for use as a base for photographic paper which contains melamine formaldehyde resin and oxidized guar, the former in the proportion of .225-2% and the latter of %-2% based on the bone dry weight of the cellulose.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,215,136 Schur Sept. 17, 1940 2,291,080 Hofierbert July 28, 1942 2,325,302 Britt July 2'7, 1944 2,338,602 Schur Jan. 4, 1944 2,502,520 Hansen Apr. 4, 1950 2,514,689 Woodward July 11, 1950 2,534,806 Webber et al. Dec. 19, 1950 2,548,513 Boughton Apr. 10, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 119,092 Australia Nov. 2, 1944 OTHER REFERENCES Broadbent et a1., World's Paper Trade Review, June 27, 1941, Tech. Sup., pages 49-56.
Collins, Paper Industry and Paper World, June 1943, pages 263-269.
Maxwell, Paper Trade Journal, May 13, 1943, pages 39-41.
Paper Industry and Paper World, December 1945, pages 1398, 1400, 1402 and 1404.
Swanson, TAPPI, February 1950, vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 77-81.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF PREPARING PAPER ADAPTED FOR USE AS A BASE FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER WHICH INCLUDES ADDING TO THE PULP SLURRY FROM WHICH THE PAPER IS PREPARED MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESIN AND OXIDIZED GUAR PRIOR TO FORMING THE PAPER WEB ON THE PAPER RESIN, THE OR BEING ADDED IN THE PROPORTION TO .225-2% AND THE LATTER OF 1/2-2% BASED ON THE NONE DRY WEIGHT OF THE CELLULOSE.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US198733A US2685508A (en) | 1950-12-01 | 1950-12-01 | High wet strength paper and its preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US198733A US2685508A (en) | 1950-12-01 | 1950-12-01 | High wet strength paper and its preparation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2685508A true US2685508A (en) | 1954-08-03 |
Family
ID=22734576
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US198733A Expired - Lifetime US2685508A (en) | 1950-12-01 | 1950-12-01 | High wet strength paper and its preparation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2685508A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2786759A (en) * | 1954-12-10 | 1957-03-26 | Armstrong Cork Co | Method of making felted, fibrous sheet material |
US2943013A (en) * | 1956-07-27 | 1960-06-28 | Hurlbut Paper Company | High ash content absorbent paper for the decorative laminating industry and a process for preparing the same |
US2998344A (en) * | 1957-07-11 | 1961-08-29 | St Regis Paper Co | Wet web binding process and product |
US3058873A (en) * | 1958-09-10 | 1962-10-16 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Manufacture of paper having improved wet strength |
US3184373A (en) * | 1961-07-05 | 1965-05-18 | Mead Corp | Filled paper containing a mixture of resin and mucilaginous material as a retention aid and process for producing said paper |
US3205125A (en) * | 1961-07-04 | 1965-09-07 | Gen Mills Inc | Forming paper containing periodate oxidized polygalactomannan gum and paper thereof |
US3236792A (en) * | 1963-12-12 | 1966-02-22 | Miles Lab | Water-dispersible form of dialdehyde polysaccharides and process therefor |
JPS495426U (en) * | 1972-04-18 | 1974-01-18 | ||
US5690790A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-11-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Temporary wet strength paper |
US5760212A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1998-06-02 | Smith; David Jay | Temporary wet strength additives |
US6319361B1 (en) | 1996-03-28 | 2001-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper products having wet strength from aldehyde-functionalized cellulosic fibers and polymers |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2215136A (en) * | 1937-07-19 | 1940-09-17 | Brown Co | Manufacture of wet-strengthened paper |
US2291080A (en) * | 1940-02-06 | 1942-07-28 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of producing paper having high wet strength and product thereof |
US2325302A (en) * | 1938-11-03 | 1943-07-27 | Scott Paper Co | High-wet-strength paper |
US2338602A (en) * | 1939-12-04 | 1944-01-04 | Reconstruction Finance Corp | Fabrication of wet-strengthened papers |
US2502520A (en) * | 1946-09-21 | 1950-04-04 | Staley Mfg Co A E | Preparation of molding powder consisting essentially of starch and an aminotriazine-formaldehyde resin |
US2514689A (en) * | 1946-11-07 | 1950-07-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Sized paper |
US2534806A (en) * | 1947-07-18 | 1950-12-19 | Behr Manning Corp | Coated abrasive articles |
US2548513A (en) * | 1944-04-22 | 1951-04-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of making high wet strength paper |
-
1950
- 1950-12-01 US US198733A patent/US2685508A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2215136A (en) * | 1937-07-19 | 1940-09-17 | Brown Co | Manufacture of wet-strengthened paper |
US2325302A (en) * | 1938-11-03 | 1943-07-27 | Scott Paper Co | High-wet-strength paper |
US2338602A (en) * | 1939-12-04 | 1944-01-04 | Reconstruction Finance Corp | Fabrication of wet-strengthened papers |
US2291080A (en) * | 1940-02-06 | 1942-07-28 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of producing paper having high wet strength and product thereof |
US2548513A (en) * | 1944-04-22 | 1951-04-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of making high wet strength paper |
US2502520A (en) * | 1946-09-21 | 1950-04-04 | Staley Mfg Co A E | Preparation of molding powder consisting essentially of starch and an aminotriazine-formaldehyde resin |
US2514689A (en) * | 1946-11-07 | 1950-07-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Sized paper |
US2534806A (en) * | 1947-07-18 | 1950-12-19 | Behr Manning Corp | Coated abrasive articles |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2786759A (en) * | 1954-12-10 | 1957-03-26 | Armstrong Cork Co | Method of making felted, fibrous sheet material |
US2943013A (en) * | 1956-07-27 | 1960-06-28 | Hurlbut Paper Company | High ash content absorbent paper for the decorative laminating industry and a process for preparing the same |
US2998344A (en) * | 1957-07-11 | 1961-08-29 | St Regis Paper Co | Wet web binding process and product |
US3058873A (en) * | 1958-09-10 | 1962-10-16 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Manufacture of paper having improved wet strength |
US3205125A (en) * | 1961-07-04 | 1965-09-07 | Gen Mills Inc | Forming paper containing periodate oxidized polygalactomannan gum and paper thereof |
US3184373A (en) * | 1961-07-05 | 1965-05-18 | Mead Corp | Filled paper containing a mixture of resin and mucilaginous material as a retention aid and process for producing said paper |
US3236792A (en) * | 1963-12-12 | 1966-02-22 | Miles Lab | Water-dispersible form of dialdehyde polysaccharides and process therefor |
JPS495426U (en) * | 1972-04-18 | 1974-01-18 | ||
US5690790A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-11-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Temporary wet strength paper |
US5760212A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1998-06-02 | Smith; David Jay | Temporary wet strength additives |
US6319361B1 (en) | 1996-03-28 | 2001-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper products having wet strength from aldehyde-functionalized cellulosic fibers and polymers |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3953283A (en) | Paperboard having improved oil resistance | |
US2685508A (en) | High wet strength paper and its preparation | |
US3266973A (en) | Method of preparing adsorbent filter paper containing crystalline zeolite particles, and paper thereof | |
US2944931A (en) | Sanitary paper and process of making the same | |
US2762270A (en) | Process of sizing paper with an aqueous emulsion of ketene dimer | |
Aiken | Effect of acetylation on water-binding properties of cellulose | |
US3320066A (en) | High wet strength paper | |
Browning | The nature of paper | |
US3116199A (en) | Water-laid web | |
US2646373A (en) | Treatment of papermaking fibers with organosilicon compounds | |
US3390046A (en) | Modified rosin oils and their use in paper | |
US2033452A (en) | Process for the chemical stabilization of paper and product | |
US2572932A (en) | Sizing of pulp with rosin and carboxymethylcellulose | |
US3104198A (en) | Papers with improved absorbent properties | |
Shaw et al. | Effect of filling and sizing materials on stability of book papers | |
US2635972A (en) | Coated paper and process for making same | |
US2801169A (en) | Method of sizing paper with the condensation product of a long chain alkylamine withmethylenebisacrylamide | |
US2258628A (en) | Cellulose product | |
DE1964531C3 (en) | Process for sizing paper | |
US2898293A (en) | Wax sized paper | |
US2558634A (en) | Paper impregnating or saturating composition | |
US2215136A (en) | Manufacture of wet-strengthened paper | |
US3060044A (en) | Paper coating composition | |
US4432834A (en) | Additive for felted cellulose fibers | |
US2336367A (en) | Paper and process for preparing the same |