US2679112A - Clothes drier - Google Patents

Description

May 25, 1954 E. H. THOMPSON CLOTHES DRIER 4 Sheets- Sheet 1 Filed June 30 195l- M y 25, 1954' E. H. THOMPSON ,1

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Patented May 25, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 9 Claims.

This. invention relates to a clothes dryer and V particularly one of small size adaptable for apartments and the like, the dryer including a housing which servesthe additional purpose of aseat when it is not in use as a dryer for clothing and, other laundry items, the design being such that the top of the dryer is approximately the'height of a standard chair.

One-object of; the invention is to provide. a clothes dryer which is comparatively inexpensive to manufacture, and whichiquickly and efficiently dries clothing. in a perforated tumbling cylinder thereof located withinthe housing, the-drying action being effected by the use of heated and.

circulated air;

Another object is to provide a clothes dryer to which accesscan be had by opening the" top of the housing to gain. access to a lid on. the tumbling cylinder.

Still another object is of this general. character inwhich the tumblin cylinder is driven by. a small electric motor and air is circulated through the housing by a fan on the motor, the: direction of circulation being preferably the same as the direction of rotation of the tumbling cylinder.

A further object'is to provide a-tumbling cylinder which can be manually rotated for positioning the lid thereof uppermost,.for ready access tothe interior of the cylinder for removing the dried clothing andinserting another batch of wet clothing, clutch means being provided for declutching the tumbling cylinder with respect-to the driving motor therefor so as to perm-it of such manual rotation.

Stillafurtl ier object is to provide a clothes dryer of the character disclosed having atumbling cylinder which is readily removable so that lint can be readily cleaned therefrom and having a motor, fan andheater unit also removable for ready cleaning, the housing (lf fille' clothes dryer thereupon being accessible for cleaning lint therefrom while the tumbling cylinder-and the unit are removed.

An' additional objectis to provide a clothes dryer which is small in size so as to require no more than the electric ourrentpermitted from the usual. service outlet, the device being thus readily portable and capable of'being plugged into anyoutlet: in the home. Another additional object'is toprovide a safety stop means onxthe. tumblingbylinder tostop it from-rotatingin case the;currentzis-turned on before the lid of the" tumblmg, cylinder iszclosed; Still another additional objectisto provide a to provide a clothes dryer .1; timer has stopped it, yet it is.

modified form of clothes: dryer inwhichv the tumbling cylinder motor may be controlled by a timer, and to provide a manually operable means for operating: the motor again after the desirable to rotate the cylinder suificientlyto bring the lid to uppermost position, the manual means. then serving as a stop forthe cylinder in. suchposition.

A further additional object is to provide the .smodified form. with a manually controllable means; to energize the motor and. at the same time: loosen a drive belt. for; the. tumbling cylinder to .rotate the cylinder to: the stepped position whereupon the manually operable means may be: releasedwhiclrwilli again de-energize the motor and the; cylinder willstay in the stopped position for removal ofv the clothing therefrom.

Still a further additional object is to provide a relatively inexpensive housing construction for clothesdryers and; similar cabinet structures which may be. formetdxofi insulatingboard (such as those made of corn stalks or": any suitable fibrous materials)" in the formv of panels which are secured together; at" the. corners by novel fittings: particularly adapted for this purpose, after. which the walls; of. the housing and the fittings: may be completely covered, by asuitable. covering material to providera finished appearance;

With theseandother. objects in view, my invention consists in the construction,- arrangement andv combination: of. the various parts of my clothes dryer, whereby the. objects contemplated are attained, aslhereinafter more. fully set. forth, pointed. out. in my claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l isa vertical sectional view; through a clothes. dryer embodying my present invention and showing'the. top openand the tumbling cylinder stopping means in the: depressed positionfor stopping the cylinder.

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional viewon the line 2--2 of Figure 1'.

Figure 3- is a vertical sectional View on the line 33 of Figure 1,, the top being? closed.

' Figure dis a vertical sectional view onthe line 4 l' of Figure I, the top being closed in this figurealso.

Figurefi is a. view similar to the upper. right hand. corner of. Figure 1 showing the parts in the normal positionwhenthe.- clothing' isbeing. dried therein and; the topic closed.

Figurefisisia'n electrodiagrammati-c:view-showingzthamotonandgheating element; andv a. timer switch therefor, together with an auxiliary switch operable by the cylinder stopping means.

Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view through a modified and preferred form of my invention, the cylinder thereof being shown in end elevation.

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view on the line i of Figure '7.

Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 99 of Figure 7-.

Figure 10 is a vertical line id-Jfi of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a vertical detail sectional View on the line ii-ll of Figure 10.

Figure 12 is an enlarged vertical sectional view on the line i-Z-lZ of Figure 10.

Figure 13 is a sectional view on the line |3-l3 of Figure 12.

Figure 14 is a perspective view of a fitting for securing adjacent edges of panels of the dryer housing together; and

Figure 15 is a sectional view through two of the panels for forming the housing and showing one of the fittings of Figure 14 in installed position with the section being taken on the indicated line id-ifi of Figure 14.

On the accompanying drawings I have used the reference numeral it to indicate the bottom wall of a housing for my clothes dryer, it one end wall thereof, and 52 the other end wall thereof. These three walls, together with side walls is and it, form a housing which is preferably of insulating material such as a molded plastic.

Atop i5 is provided for the housing and it is shown relatively thick so that it is strong enough to support the weight of a person sitting thereon. The top it is preferably hinged as at it to the dryer housing, and the bottom wall it of the housing is provided with casters H for convenience in transporting the housing about the dwellinc of the user.

A perforated cylinder i8 is provided in which there is a single projection '53 for tumbling the clothing. The cylinder 98 has end walls 5 9 which are journalled in bearings 26 and ill. A minor portion of the cylinder indicated at 22 serves as an openable lid for the cylinder and is hinged thereto as at 23. A hook 24 or the like may be provided to normally retain the lid 22 .in the closed position.

A relatively large ring-like pulley 25 is secured to one end wall E9 of the tumbling cylinder l3 and a belt 25 extends around this pulley, through a slot 36a of the partition 36 and around a relatively small pulley 2?. A pulley 28 is connected to the pulley 2i and a small belt 29 extends around the pulley 28 and around a pulley 3o mounted on the shaft M of a motor M. Also on the motor shaft is an air circulating fan 32.

The end wall 52 of the clothes dryer housing is hinged at 33 for convenience in gaining access to a heating element HE and the motor M together with the associated mechanism. The heating element is mounted on a partition 36 in which there is an opening Bl. Also the end wall it has an opening 3 and it is screened as indicated at 35.

When the motor M is energized, the fan 32 thereof circulates air through the opening 34, the screen 35, past the heating element HE and through the opening 3'! of the partition 36 as indicated by arrows in Figure 1, and this air travels around substantially the major portion of the cylinder l8 and in the direction of rotation sectional view on the 4 thereof. The moisture laden air is discharged through an opening 38 adjacent the top of the wall i2 which is provided with a screen 39.

Referring to Figure 6, a timer switch T is provided for the heating element HE and the motor M, the timer having separate circuits for these as indicated by the terminals h and m. The timer may be of the ordinary electrically or spring driven clockworks type to be set for a certain period of time sufiiciently long to dry the charge of clothing deposited in the clothes dryer. At the end of the timing period it cuts oi? the current to both the heating element HE and the motor M. Line wires ii and 42 are illustrated for energizing the motor and the heating element.

I provide an auxiliary switch td shunting the motor circuit of the timer T for a purpose which will hereinafter appear. Within the clothes dryer dryer housing I provide. a lever 53 pivoted at to and spring biased to the position of Figure 5 by a spring 55. A combined handle and stop 43a extends from one side of the lever A3. A belt tightening lever 46 is provided pivoted at i! an having an idler pulley it carried thereby for normally engaging and tightening the belt 23 as in Figure 5 or loosening it as in Figure 1 if desired. The lever 46 is connected by a link 29 to the lever 33. The tumbling cylinder is provided with a projection as to strike the lever 43 as will hereinafter be described.

Referring to Figures 9 to 13, I show a modified and preferred form of my invention. The housing in this case consists of a bottom wall 56, end walls 5? and iii}, a pair of side Walls 58, and a top so hinged as at 59a to one of the side walls 69.

Within the clothes dryer housing is a tumbling cylinder comprising a perforated cylindrical wall El, a pair of cylinder sides 52, and a lid 53. The lid 63 in this instance is slidably mounted, lid slot $4 being provided in which the lid may be slid in a clockwise direction from the closed position of Figure 10 to an open position after a latch 55 on the cylinder is released.

The tumbling cylinder is removably mounted by means of a stud 5t projecting from the center of each side 62 of the cylinder and having thereon a bearing sleeve 67. The bearing sleeves are adapted to be received in notches 58 of bearing blocks 69 secured to the side Walls 60 of the clothes dryer housing. Each stud has a head it thereon which is received in a head receiving slot H of its respective bearing block 69. This arrangement provides assurance that the bearings will be properly located for rotation of the studs 66 ,therein, yet the tumbling cylinder is readily removable for cleaning purposes.

For driving the tumbling cylinder I provide a motor M having a shaft 172. The motor is pivoted at 1s and is biased to rotate about the pivot in a counter-clockwise direction in Figure 7 by a spring I4. A bolt 15 limits such rotation, the bolt traveling in a slot l5 of a bracket ii that mounts the pivot is and thereby the motor M.

The bracket '57 also has a pivot l8 for a clutch lever l9. The clutch lever is constrained to rotate counter-clockwise about the pivot 18 in Figure 7 by means of a spring 81 The clutch lever carries a shaft 8! on which is rotatably mounted a wheel 82. A friction tire 83 surrounds the Wheel and is frictionally engaged by the motor shaft 72 under the action of the spr ng i -l. The wheel 82 and tire 83 extend through a slot 50 in the unit housing 86.

.An annular flange 84 is provided with attachingears' 85 secured tonne-side 62 of the tumbling cylinder asshown Figures- 7 and 11. Thefriction tire 83 is biased by the spring M! to contact with the annular flange 84' so that rotation is transmitted from the motor shaft 12 to the tumbling cylinder.

Within the clothes dryer housing, I provide a unit housing 38 which is removable in relation to the clothes dryer housing. Within this unit housing there is a blower housing 81 in which a blower 88' mounted on the motor shaft '52 is pro vided. The blower housing has an air intake 89 and it communicates with an intake screen so permanently mounted in the clothes dryer housing as shown particularly in Figure 9', arrows being used to indicate the path of the air inflow.

The blower housing 81 has an extension 9| serving as a reflector and this extension is doubled back as at 96 to provide a double-walled construction for heat insulating purposes. A pair of horizontal rods 92 extend transversely in the reflector housing formed by the reflector 9i and a pair of side walls 91 thereof shown in Figure 8. Other rods 93, vertically arranged, are secured to the rods 9-2 to form a heating element supporting framework. Brackets ea are secured to the rods as for supporting insulating elements 95, and the heating element shown at HE is t readedthrough the insulators as shown in Figures 8 and 10. In front of the heating element is" a screen 98 which is also part of the unit housing 56-. v

The unit housing 86 is merely set in the posi tion shown and is retained in that location by studs 9% extending from the housing side walls 6t as shown in Figure 9, with one or two ears as provided with keyhole slots coacting with headed studs we extending from the end wall 58 as shown in Figure 10-. Above the housing 86, a screen It! is removably mounted, being held in position by a pair or" flanges N32. The screen lei is located inside another screen 103 which is permanently mounted in the wall 53 of the housing.

The tumbling cylinder somewhat larger in diameter than the one shown in Figures 1 to (i, is provided with two projections [64 for tumbling the clothing, and a baiile wall Hi5 spans one corner of the housing as shown in Figure 10 for increasing the efliciency of the circulated and heated air through the clothes being tumbled and dried.

On the tumbling cylinder, I mount apivot stud Hi6 for a bell crank having arms i9! and Hit. A spring lflil constrains the bell crank to rotate counter-clockwise in Figure 9, but when the lid 53' is slid completely closed and latched, it is rotated to the position shown against the bias of the spring. In case the lid is left partially or fully open, however, the spring 199 rotates the bell crank Nil-4B8 to the dotted position so that anyattempt to operate the clothes dryer will result in the arm i133 striking the stop HI] and thereby stopping rotation of the drum even though the motor M" continues to be energized. The motor will then either stall or continue to rotate with its shaft 12' slipping on the tire 83. If the arm it misses the stop H0, then it will strike the stop Ill.

In Figures 14 and 15, I show how the panels that form the dryer housing may be formed and assembled by means of a special fitting i 12. This fitting is made of sheet metal having a plate portion H3, a stop flange H4, and pairs of prongs H5 and us. The prongs H5 extend at right of Figures 7 to 13, being acre-n2 anglesto the plate portion tit, while the prongs 6- are in the plane of the plate portion. The sto flange il' l extends at right angles to the plate portion H3 ina direction opposite the 5 prongs i it and from theedge of the plate portion H4 opposite the prongs H5.

The fitting H2, when thusformed is suitable for securing the" adjacent edges of two of the dryer housing walls together suchas the walls H and 13 in Figure 1-5 with the face or one of the walls engaging the edge of the other wall. The plate portion H3 is then engaged against the face of the wall it with the stop flange H 4 sub stantially flush with the end of the wall [3.

The prongsi Miare forced through the wall l3 (which may be formed of insulating board or the like) and clinchedover on the bend lines H1 as at tied, the clinch portion being preferably forced down into the material of the panel E3. The prongs it are then 'forced through the panel I' l and bend at the bend lines Hi to form the clinched parts 6a. the adjacent edges of the panels are readily secured together in a rigid manner.

The entire housing may a suitable cover material M3- on the inside, and l i 8' on the outside secured in position by adhesive or the like. The cover material may be imitation leather capable of standing the heat of the dryer, sheet plastic material, or any materialsuitable for the purpose.

Practical operation I In the operation of my clothes dryer, referring to Figure 1, it will be noted that the projection 53 has rotated to a position for engaging the clothing shown at 53th. It carries the clothing ahead or it to the dot-and-dash line positionand only then does the clothing drop on, it being noted that the projection 53 is well above the center of rotation. The speed of rotation I select is one which causes the clothing to stay on the projection by centrifugal force until it reaches the dot-and-dash line position. In actual practice, I find anywhere from 40 to 60 R. P. M. suitable for this purpose.

The timer switch T is set for the desired time and when the time runs out, the heating element is ale-energized and the motor is stopped. The lid 22, of course, may have stopped at any position and it is accordingly desirable to bring it around to the uppermost position. This isacthen be covered with complished, after opening the top to the position of Figure 1, by pressing downwardly on the handle 43a to move the lever t3 as indicated by the arrow 55 against the action of the spring 15 sothat the lever 43 is in the path of the projection 54 on the cylinder 58, the handle 43a being stopped by engaging a partition tea (see Figure l) Accordingly, the motor M being now energized by closure of the switch 4? there will be sufflcient traction between the loose belt 25 and the pulleys 2! and 25 to rotate the tumbling cylinder until the projection 54 strikes the lever Q3. The cylinder l8- will thus be stopped in the position shown, whereupon the handle 63c may be released and the lid 22 may then be opened as to the dot-anddash line position illustrated in this figure.

Since the timer has cut on the .motor, however, the motor M must be re-energized by some other means to cause the drum to rotate to the stopped position. At the same time it is desirable to prevent energization of the heating element and also prevent positive rotation of the tumbling cylinder. This is accomplished by loosening the belt tightener to the position shown in Figure I automatically through the link connection 49 when the lever 43 has been depressed and at that time energizing the motor which is accomplished by closure of the auxiliary switch 40.

In Figure the belt tightener has been tightened under the action of the spring 45 when the lever 43 is released. At that time the switch 49 is reopened so that the motor is then back under the control of the timer switch T.

In the operation of my preferred form of invention shown in Figures 7 to 13, the motor M and the heating element HE may be connected to a current supply suitable cord that can be plugged into a service outlet whenever it is desirable to operate the clothes dryer. If desirable, a control switch may be provided in the circuit for the motor and/or the heating element.

The tumbling cylinder will rotate clockwise in Figures 7 and 10 and air will be circulated and heated by the blower 88 and the heating element HE, the direction of circulation being first through the screen 5! then past the heating element, then through the tumbling barrel, and finally out through the screens It] and "33.

When the tumbling cylinder projections Hi4 reach approximately the position shown by dotand-dash lines, the clothes will tumble from in front of the upper projection into position just ahead of the lower projection thus being effectively picked up and carried around to a position almost at the top of the drum before they tumble down again. During the carrying of the clothes, of course, some of them will start the tumbling action and the result is a spreading of the clothes substantially throughout the area in which the heated air is circulated, and the clothes are subject to radiant heat from the reflector 9i as well as the heating element I-IE, thereby quickly and eiiiciently drying them.

When it is desirable to remove the dried clothing and insert a wet batch, the top at is opened after the motor and the heating element are deenergized. If the lid 83 of the tumbling cylinder is not uppermost, the clutch lever it can be swung toward the right in Figure 7 for removing the friction tire 83 from contact with the annular flange 34 of the tumbling cylinder. The cylinder can then be readily rotated by hand until the lid 63 is uppermost so that it can be unlatched and slid back in its slots E54, for opening the cylinder to remove the clothing therefrom.

After a wet batch of clothing has been placed in the tumbling cylinder, the top 552 can be closed and the heating element and motor again energized for drying the same. In the event that the operator forgets to slide the lid 63 to a closed and latched position, or only partially closes it, then the bell crank liliii8 will be in the dotted position and the path of travel of the arm [88 will be close enough to the side wall (ill on which the stops I i 9 and l i i are mounted that it will engage one or the other of these stops, thus stopping the rotation of the cylinder. The operator, not hearing the rotation of the tumbling cylinder, will thus be apprised of the fact that the lid 63 has not been closed.

Either form of my invention will be found oil".- cient in the drying operation and is particularly designed for providing a small compact clothes dryer especially adapted for apartment use and portability. At the same time the clothes dryer is one of the type that can be plugged into any service outlet, thus providing a clothes dryer in the nature oi an electrical appliance as distinguished from a permanent installation. While Q I have referred to my invention as a clothes dryer, it is to be understood as adaptable for drying all laundry items and not limited to the drying of clothes only.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of the parts of my clothes dryer without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claims any modified forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim as my invention:

1. in a portable clothes dryer, a housing having an openable top, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted on a horizontal axis in said housing and having a minor portion of its periphery openable, said cylinder having clothing engaging means to engage and cause the clothing to tumble in said cylinder, means for rotating said cylinder including an electric motor, a belt drive from said motor to said cylinder, a belt tightener therefor, means to stop the rotation of said cylinder at a position with said openable minor portion uppermost comprising a projection on said cylinder, a movable projection in said housing, and a connection between said movable projection and said belt tightener to loosen the tightener when said movable projection is moved to a position for engaging the projection of said cylinder.

2. In a clothes dryer, a housing, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted in said housing and having a portion of its periphery openable, means for rotating said cylinder including an electric motor, a belt drive from said motor to said cylinder, a belt tightener therefor, means to stop the rotation of said cylinder at a position with said openable portion uppermost comprising a projection on said cylinder, a movable projection in said housing, a switch for said motor, and a connection between said movable projection and said belt tightener to loosen the tightener and close said switch when said movable projection is moved to a position for engaging the projection of said cylinder.

3. A clothes dryer of the character disclosed comprising a housing having an openable top, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted in said housing and having a minor portion of its periphery openable, said cylinder having a clothes engaging projection therein, means for rotating said cylinder and for circulating heated air through said housing in a pat around the major portion of the circumference of said cylinder and in the direction of rotation thereof, selective means for stopping the rotation of said cylinder in a predetermined position with said openable minor portion uppermost, a timer for stopping the operation of said motor, and means for energizing said motor selectively when stopping the rotation of said cylinder in order to cause it to rotate to the stopped position, said means including a belt tightener which is loosened when said selective means is operated.

i. In a clothes dryer, a housing, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted in said housing and having a portion of its periphery openable, said cylinder having clothing engaging means therein, means for rotating said cylinder including an electric motor, means for heating air, said electric motor having a fan for causing circulation thereof, a timer for said heating means and said motor, an auxiliary switch for operating said motor independent of said timer, a belt drive from said motor to said cylinder, a belt tightener therefor, and means to stop the rotation of said cylinder at a position with said openable portion uppermost comprising a projection on said cylinder, a movable projection in said housing, and a connection between said movable projection and said belt tightener to loosen the tightener when said movable pro jection is moved to a position for engaging the projection of said cylinder, said movable projec tion closing said auxiliary switch when it moves to a position for stopping said tumbling cylinder.

5. In a clothes dryer, a housing, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted in said housing and having a portion of its periphery openable, means for rotating said cylinder including an electric motor, a belt drive from said motor to said cylinder, a belt tightener therefor, a fan driven by said motor to circulate heated air through said cylinder, means to stop the rotation of said cylinder at a position with said openable portion uppermost comprising a projection on said cylinder, a movable projection in said housing, and a connection between said movable projection and said belt tightener to loosen the tightener when said movable projection is moved to a position for engaging the projection of said cylinder.

6. In a clothes dryer, a housing having an openable top, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted on a horizontal axis in said housing and having a minor portion of its periphery openable, said cylinder having clothing engaging means to engage and cause the clothing to tumble in said cylinder, means for heating the air in said housing, means for rotating said cylinder including an electric motor, a timer switch for both of said means, a switch for energizing said rotating means independent of said heating means, means to stop the rotation of said cylinder at a position with said openable minor portion uppermost comprising a projection on said cylinder, a movable projection in said housing, and a connection between said movable projection and said switch to energize said rotating means when said movable projection is l manually moved to a position for engaging the projection of said cylinder.

7. A clothes dryer of the character disclosed comprising a housing having an openable top, a

perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted in said housing and having a portion of its periphery operable, said cylinder having a clothes engaging projection therein, means for rotating said cylinder and for circulating heated air through said housing, a stop for the rotation of said cylinder in a predetermined position with said openable portion uppermost, a timer forv initially stopping the operation of said motor,

19 and means for energizing said motor independent of said timer and reducing the traction of the motor with respect to said cylinder in order to cause it to rotate yet be stopped by said stop.

8. In a clothes dryer, a housing, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted in said housing and having a portion of its periphery openable, said cylinder having clothing engaging means therein, means for rotating said cylinder including an electric motor, means for heating air, said electric motor having a fan for causing circulation thereof through said cylinder, a timer for said heating means and said motor, an auxiliary switch for operating said motor independent of said timer, a belt drive from said motor to said cylinder, a belt tightener therefor, means to stop the rotation of said cylinder at a position with said openable portion uppermost and a connection between said last means and said belt tightener to loosen the tightener when said last means is moved to a position for stopping said cylinder, said last means also closing said auxiliary switch at that time.

9. In a clothes dryer, a housing, a perforated clothes tumbling cylinder rotatably mounted in said housing and having a portion of its periphery openable, means for rotating said cylinder including an electric motor, a belt drive from said motor to said cylinder, a belt tightener therefor, a fan driven by said motor to circulate heated air through said cylinder, means to stop the rotation of said cylinder at a position with said openable portion uppermost, a switch for said motor, and a connection between said means and said belt tightener to loosen the tightener and close said switch when said means is operated to stop the rotation of said cylinder.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 135,805 Henson Feb. 11, 1873 1,060,801 Watkins May 6, 1913 1,193,152 Jenkins Aug. 1, 1916 1,607,418 Wheeler Nov. 16, 1926 1,751,841 Pickens Mar. 25, 1930 1,979,361 Allman Nov. 6, 1934 2,340,545 Marsh Feb. 1, 1944 2,362,904 Kramer Nov. 14, 1944 2,389,433 Hough Nov. 20, 1945 2,403,630 Blunk et a1 July 9, 1946 2,434,476 Wales Jan. 13, 1948 2,486,315 Morris Oct. 25, 1949 2,498,181 Reiter Feb. 21, 1950 2,498,478 Balph Feb. 21, 1950 2,518,548 Howland Aug. 15, 1950 2,570,437 Ellis Oct. 9, 1951 2,587,646 ONeil Mar. 4, 1952

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