US2664366A - Plasticized sponge material and method of making same - Google Patents

Plasticized sponge material and method of making same Download PDF

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US2664366A
US2664366A US116642A US11664249A US2664366A US 2664366 A US2664366 A US 2664366A US 116642 A US116642 A US 116642A US 11664249 A US11664249 A US 11664249A US 2664366 A US2664366 A US 2664366A
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sponge
polyvinyl alcohol
formaldehyde
solution
sponge material
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Wilson Christopher Lumley
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36—After-treatment
    • C08J9/40—Impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
    • C08J2329/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a sponge material comprising partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol, and relates particularly to such a sponge-material having incorporated therein a plasticizer to maintain the sponge in a softand resilient'con dition.
  • Sponge and expanded materials comprising partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol and their preparation are described in my copending application Serial No. 29,657, filed May 27, 1948, and now Patent No. 2,609,347, which is a continuation-in-part of my prior copending application Serial No. 769,537, filed August 19, 1947, now abandoned.
  • These sponge materials are prepared by reacting the formaldehyde with polyvinyl alcohol so that only a portion of the hydroxyl groups of the alcohol enters into the reaction.
  • solution of the materials is expanded as by beating air into the solution and the reaction is then permittedto proceed so that a solid is formed containing openings formerly occupied by the bubbles of air or other gas.
  • an acid catalyst is employed in order to speed up the reaction.
  • the sponge materials described therein are made by a process comprising providing an aqueous solution of formaldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol containing less than residual hydrolyzable material in the molecule, an acid catalyst in whichthe acid functional group is inorganic and having a dissociation constant of at least 10- and a froth-stabilizing wetting agent soluble in and substantially stable to said solution; forming a substantially stable and homogeneous froth with said solution stabilized with the wetting agent; reacting the polyvinyl alcohol and the formaldehyde in the solution thereby causing gellation and solidification of the froth with the production of interconnectedpores simultaneously with the progression of the re,- action, the. froth being formed prior to appreciable reaction between the polyvinyl alcohol and the formaldehyde; and stopping said reaction when approximately 35-80% of the hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol have been reacted with the formaldehyde.
  • Sponge materials prepared in: theabove manner are soft and resilient when they containappreciable amounts of water.
  • the sponge materials become dry, however, they shrink to a certain extent and become hard and rigid. They are immediately softened as soonas wateris. reintroduced into the sponge material. This re-wetting of the sponge material immediately changes it from a rigid solid to a resilient elastic material and the drying out of the material causes no deleteriousefiects, the dry sponge material, does not havea-s pleasing' an appearance to the prospective purchaser.
  • the sponge material may be maintained soft and resilient if a plasticizer is incorporated therewith.
  • plasticizers are p-olyhydric alcohols. and derivatives thereof and may be introduced by soaking the sponge material in an aqueous solution of the alcohol.
  • the polyhydric alcohols are preferably those that are liquid at ordinary room temperatures. After soaking in the solution, the excess solution is removed.
  • These plasticizers maintain the sponge material in a soft, resilient condition.
  • One of the features of this invention is to provide a method of making a soft, resilient sponge material comprising providing a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol sponge and soaking the sponge in an aqueous solution of a polyhydric alcohol; another feature of this invention is the provision of a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol sponge material containing as a plasticizera polyhydric alcohol.
  • plasticizers that have been discovered are diethylene glycol; triethylene glycol and other polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of at least 200; trimethylene glycol; tetramethylene glycol; pentamethylene glycol; Z-methyl-1,3-pentanediol; Z-methyI-Z/lpentanediol; 1,2,4 butanetriol; 1,2,5 pentanetriol; mixtures of pentanediols constituting the residue of hydrogenated furfural; butanediol-L3; butanetriols; pentanetriols; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; (ii-ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and propylene glycol.
  • plasticizers may be used. alone or in combinations of two or more and may be used in combination with hygroscopic materials such as glycerol and calcium chloride. Glycerol alone may be employed as a plasticizer, but this is not preferred.
  • the best plasticizers appear to be diols or those compounds containing two hydroxy groups in the organic molecule. Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and pentamethylene glycolhave been found to be particularly effective. These diols appear to have a somewhat better softening eifect than other hydroxy compounds and are efiective for greater lengths of time.
  • plasticizer desired any amount of plasticizer desired may be used so long as a plasticizing effect is achieved.
  • approximately 50% of the anhydrous plasticizer should be introduced into the sponge by'weight of the dry sponge material.
  • Ordinarily not more than about 100% is required; but in some instances it may be advisable to use mores Under conditions 'of-Nhigh humidity, the
  • minimum amount may be reduced below 30%.
  • 20% is satisfactory if the relative humidity of the atmosphere surrounding the sponge is at least 85-90%.
  • Examplel An 8.9 gram specimen of dry resin material prepared as described in my prior Patent No 2,609,347 was soaked in a mixture of 125 parts by weight of ethylene illustrate methods of inch basket at 5,090 B. P. M. to remove the excess liquid. The sponge material retained 8.85 grams of the liquid and remained flexible for an appreciable period of time.
  • Example 2 5 grams of the dry sponge material was soaked in asolution of 73 parts by weight of glycerol and 36 parts of water. The wet sponge material was centrifuged as described in Example 1 and retained 2.8 grams of the liquid. The resulting sponge material was quite flexible, but retained these properties only in atmospheres having a humidity above 85%.
  • Example 3 7 grams of dry sponge material was soaked in a mixture of 12 parts by weight of pentamethylene glycol, 5 parts of calcium chloride and 20 parts of water. The sponge material retained grains of the solution after centrifuging as described above and was found to be quite soft and flexible for a relatively long period of time.
  • Example 4 6.5 grams of dry sponge material was soaked in a mixture of 73 parts by volume of glycerol, 25 parts of pentamethylene glycol and 36 parts of water. After centrifuging, the sponge matee rial retained 5 grams of the mixture and remained flexible.
  • Example 6 The dry sponge material was treated with a mixture of 36 parts by weight of water and 80 parts of 1,2,5-pentanetriol. After centrifuging, the sponge material remained flexible when exposed to air.
  • Example 7 13.5 grams of dry sponge material containing 16 grams of a mixture of 36 parts by weight glycerol, 73 parts of 2-methyl-2, l-pentanediol, 36 parts of ethylene glycol and 216 parts of water remained flexible upon exposure to air.
  • Example 8 A dry sponge material containing an equal weight of a mixture of 73 parts by weightof glycerol, 90parts and 144 parts of water remained flexible when exposed to air.
  • Example 9 10 grams of the dry sponge material was treated glycol and 36 parts of water. The sponge material was then centrifugedin a by weight of 1,3-butanediol 4 with a solution of 11.5 parts by volume of 2- methyl-1,3-pentanediol and 45 parts of water. After centrifuging, 22 grams of this solution was retained. The sponge material remained flexible upon exposure to air.

Description

Patented Dec. 29,, 1953 OFFICE PLASTICIZED SPONGE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Christopher Lumley Wilson, Columbus, Ohio No Drawing. Application September 19, 1949, Serial No. 116,642
'7 Claims. (o1.117 '1se.8)
This invention relates to a sponge material comprising partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol, and relates particularly to such a sponge-material having incorporated therein a plasticizer to maintain the sponge in a softand resilient'con dition.
Sponge and expanded materials comprising partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol and their preparation are described in my copending application Serial No. 29,657, filed May 27, 1948, and now Patent No. 2,609,347, which is a continuation-in-part of my prior copending application Serial No. 769,537, filed August 19, 1947, now abandoned. These sponge materials are prepared by reacting the formaldehyde with polyvinyl alcohol so that only a portion of the hydroxyl groups of the alcohol enters into the reaction. Preferably solution of the materials is expanded as by beating air into the solution and the reaction is then permittedto proceed so that a solid is formed containing openings formerly occupied by the bubbles of air or other gas. In the preferred procedure, an acid catalyst is employed in order to speed up the reaction.
As further set forth in the above mentioned Patent 2,609,347, the sponge materials described therein are made by a process comprising providing an aqueous solution of formaldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol containing less than residual hydrolyzable material in the molecule, an acid catalyst in whichthe acid functional group is inorganic and having a dissociation constant of at least 10- and a froth-stabilizing wetting agent soluble in and substantially stable to said solution; forming a substantially stable and homogeneous froth with said solution stabilized with the wetting agent; reacting the polyvinyl alcohol and the formaldehyde in the solution thereby causing gellation and solidification of the froth with the production of interconnectedpores simultaneously with the progression of the re,- action, the. froth being formed prior to appreciable reaction between the polyvinyl alcohol and the formaldehyde; and stopping said reaction when approximately 35-80% of the hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol have been reacted with the formaldehyde.
Sponge materials prepared in: theabove manner are soft and resilient when they containappreciable amounts of water. When the sponge materials become dry, however, they shrink to a certain extent and become hard and rigid. They are immediately softened as soonas wateris. reintroduced into the sponge material. this re-wetting of the sponge material immediately changes it from a rigid solid to a resilient elastic material and the drying out of the material causes no deleteriousefiects, the dry sponge material, does not havea-s pleasing' an appearance to the prospective purchaser.
-Although I have discovered that the sponge material may be maintained soft and resilient if a plasticizer is incorporated therewith. These plasticizers are p-olyhydric alcohols. and derivatives thereof and may be introduced by soaking the sponge material in an aqueous solution of the alcohol. The polyhydric alcohols are preferably those that are liquid at ordinary room temperatures. After soaking in the solution, the excess solution is removed. These plasticizers maintain the sponge material in a soft, resilient condition.
One of the features of this invention is to provide a method of making a soft, resilient sponge material comprising providing a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol sponge and soaking the sponge in an aqueous solution of a polyhydric alcohol; another feature of this invention is the provision of a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol sponge material containing as a plasticizera polyhydric alcohol. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying claims.
Among the suitable plasticizers that have been discovered are diethylene glycol; triethylene glycol and other polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of at least 200; trimethylene glycol; tetramethylene glycol; pentamethylene glycol; Z-methyl-1,3-pentanediol; Z-methyI-Z/lpentanediol; 1,2,4 butanetriol; 1,2,5 pentanetriol; mixtures of pentanediols constituting the residue of hydrogenated furfural; butanediol-L3; butanetriols; pentanetriols; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; (ii-ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and propylene glycol. These plasticizers may be used. alone or in combinations of two or more and may be used in combination with hygroscopic materials such as glycerol and calcium chloride. Glycerol alone may be employed as a plasticizer, but this is not preferred. The best plasticizers appear to be diols or those compounds containing two hydroxy groups in the organic molecule. Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and pentamethylene glycolhave been found to be particularly effective. These diols appear to have a somewhat better softening eifect than other hydroxy compounds and are efiective for greater lengths of time.
Any amount of plasticizer desired may be used so long as a plasticizing effect is achieved. In general, approximately 50% of the anhydrous plasticizer should be introduced into the sponge by'weight of the dry sponge material. In actual practice, it has been found that excellent results are achieved when at least 30% of the plasticizer is employed by weight of the dry sponge material. Ordinarily not more than about 100% is required; but in some instances it may be advisable to use mores Under conditions 'of-Nhigh humidity, the
minimum amount may be reduced below 30%.
For example, 20% is satisfactory if the relative humidity of the atmosphere surrounding the sponge is at least 85-90%.
The following examples practicing this invention:
Examplel An 8.9 gram specimen of dry resin material prepared as described in my prior Patent No 2,609,347 was soaked in a mixture of 125 parts by weight of ethylene illustrate methods of inch basket at 5,090 B. P. M. to remove the excess liquid. The sponge material retained 8.85 grams of the liquid and remained flexible for an appreciable period of time.
Example 2 5 grams of the dry sponge material was soaked in asolution of 73 parts by weight of glycerol and 36 parts of water. The wet sponge material was centrifuged as described in Example 1 and retained 2.8 grams of the liquid. The resulting sponge material was quite flexible, but retained these properties only in atmospheres having a humidity above 85%.
Example 3 7 grams of dry sponge material was soaked in a mixture of 12 parts by weight of pentamethylene glycol, 5 parts of calcium chloride and 20 parts of water. The sponge material retained grains of the solution after centrifuging as described above and was found to be quite soft and flexible for a relatively long period of time.
Example 4 Example 5 6.5 grams of dry sponge material was soaked in a mixture of 73 parts by volume of glycerol, 25 parts of pentamethylene glycol and 36 parts of water. After centrifuging, the sponge matee rial retained 5 grams of the mixture and remained flexible.
Example 6 The dry sponge material was treated with a mixture of 36 parts by weight of water and 80 parts of 1,2,5-pentanetriol. After centrifuging, the sponge material remained flexible when exposed to air.
Example 7 13.5 grams of dry sponge material containing 16 grams of a mixture of 36 parts by weight glycerol, 73 parts of 2-methyl-2, l-pentanediol, 36 parts of ethylene glycol and 216 parts of water remained flexible upon exposure to air.
Example 8 A dry sponge material containing an equal weight of a mixture of 73 parts by weightof glycerol, 90parts and 144 parts of water remained flexible when exposed to air.
Example 9 10 grams of the dry sponge material was treated glycol and 36 parts of water. The sponge material was then centrifugedin a by weight of 1,3-butanediol 4 with a solution of 11.5 parts by volume of 2- methyl-1,3-pentanediol and 45 parts of water. After centrifuging, 22 grams of this solution was retained. The sponge material remained flexible upon exposure to air.
Plastieizers for the partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol sponges consisting of either poly- I ethylene glycols or polyalkanol amines are described and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 116,043, riled September 19, 1949.
invention as related to various embodiments or the same, it is my intention that the invention be not limited by any of the details of description unless otherwise specifled, but rather be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as setout in the accompanying claims.
I claim:
1. The method of making a soft, resilient sponge material having interconnected pores by reacting polyvinyl alcohol and iormaluenyde, which com rises: providing an aqueous solution of formaldehyde, polyvin l alcohol containing less than 1o 70 residual hydrolyzaole material in the molecule, an acid catal st in which the acid functional group is inorganic and having a dissoclation constant of at least 111- and a frothstabiiizing wetting agent soluble in and substantiaiiy stable to said solution; iormlng a substantially stable and homogeneous from with said solution 5521311121601. with the wetting agent; reacting the polyvinyl alcohol and formaldehyde in tile solution thereby causing gellation and solidification of the froth with the production of interconnected pores simultaneously with the progression of the reaction, the truth being formed prior to appreciable reaction between the polyvinyl alcohol and the formaldehyde; stopping said reaction when approximately 35-80% of the hydroxylrgroups of the polyvinyl alcohol have been reacted with the formaldehyde; whereby a sponge material is formed impregnating said sponge with an aqueous solutionof a polyhydric alcohol and then removing excess of Said solution until there remains deposited on said sponge about 20-100% of said polyhydric alcohol based on the dry weight of the sponge.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which said polyhyuric alcohol is pentamethylene glycol.
3. A method according to claim 1 in which said polyhyurlc alcohol is butanetriol.
4. A method according to claim 1 in which said polyhydrlc alcohol is diethylene glycol.
5. A method according to claim 1 in which said poiyhydric alcohol is ethylene glycol.
6. A method according to claim 1 in which said poly hydrlc alcohol is trletnylene glycol.
l. A sponge material prepared by the method of claim 1.
CHRISTOPHER having described my LUMLEY WILSON.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,719,011 Pearce Oct. 21, 1930 2,037,049 Sager Apr. 14, 1936 2,056,796 Macht et a1 Oct. 6,1936 2,3'lu,125 Danie Feb. 27, 1945 2,398,049 Schneider et a1 Apr. 9, 1946 7 2,478,879 Ten Broeck Aug. 9, i949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country I Date I 57 3,966 Great Britain Dec. 14, 1945

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF MAKING A SOFT, RESILIENT SPONGE MATERIAL HAVING INTERCONNECTED PORES BY REACTING POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND FORMALDEHYDE, WHICH COMPRISES: PROVIDING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF FORMALDEHYDE, POLYVINYL ALCOHOL CONTAINING LESS THAN 10% RESIDUAL HYDROLYZABLE MATERIAL IN THE MOLECULE, AN ACID CATALYST IN WHICH THE ACID FUNCTIONAL GROUP IS INORGANIC AND HAVING A DISSOCIATION CONSTANT OF AT LEAST 10-2 AND A FROTHSTABILIZING WETTING AGENT SOLUBLE IN AND SUBSTANTIALLY STABLE TO SAID SOLUTION; FORMING A SUBSTANTIALLY STABLE AND HOMOGENEOUS FROTH WITH SAID SOLUTION STABILIZED WITH THE WETTING AGENT: REACTING THE POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND FORMALDEHYDE IN THE SOLUTION THEREBY CAUSING GELLATION AND SOLIDIFICATION OF THE FROTH WITH THE PRODUCTION OF INTERCONNECTED PORES SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH THE PROGRESSION OF THE REACTION, THE FROTH BEING FORMED PRIOR TO APPRECIABLE REACTION BETWEEN THE POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND THE FORMALDEHYDE; STOPPING SAID REACTION WHEN APPROXIMATELY 35-80% OF THE HYDROXYL GROUPS OF THE POLYVINYL ALCOHOL HAVE BEEN REACTED WITH THE FORMALDEHYDE; WHEREBY A SPONGE MATERIAL IS FORMED IMPREGNATING SAID SPONGE WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL AND THEN REMOVING EXCESS OF SAID SOLUTION UNTIL THERE REMAINS DEPOSITED ON SAID SPONGE ABOUT 20-100% OF SAID POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL BASED ON THE DRY WEIGHT OF THE SPONGE.
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US2753277A (en) * 1953-11-03 1956-07-03 Vernon L Smithers Absorbent material for floral arrangements
US2973301A (en) * 1959-03-12 1961-02-28 Lloyd Brothers Inc Soft gelatin capsule
US2992940A (en) * 1957-01-23 1961-07-18 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Treatment of cellular materials
US3102825A (en) * 1959-01-14 1963-09-03 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Treatment of polyurethane cellular products
US3143518A (en) * 1963-06-21 1964-08-04 United Resin Products Inc Hot melt polyvinyl alcohol adhesive plasticized with propylene glycol
US3190843A (en) * 1960-03-17 1965-06-22 Kalle Ag Process of making a modified polyvinyl alcohol foam
US3547837A (en) * 1965-08-25 1970-12-15 Kuraray Co Polyvinyl formal porous products obtained from aqueous solutions of zinc chloride or acetic acid
US4066488A (en) * 1976-04-09 1978-01-03 Lehr Alfred Von Der Process for the joining (bonding) of lines (strips)
US4098728A (en) * 1976-01-02 1978-07-04 Solomon Rosenblatt Medical surgical sponge and method of making same
US4552138A (en) * 1982-06-30 1985-11-12 Beiersdorf Aktiengesellschaft Dressing material based on a hydrogel, and a process for its production
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Cited By (85)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2753277A (en) * 1953-11-03 1956-07-03 Vernon L Smithers Absorbent material for floral arrangements
US2992940A (en) * 1957-01-23 1961-07-18 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Treatment of cellular materials
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