US2641556A - Magnetic sheet material provided - Google Patents

Magnetic sheet material provided Download PDF

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US2641556A
US2641556A US2641556DA US2641556A US 2641556 A US2641556 A US 2641556A US 2641556D A US2641556D A US 2641556DA US 2641556 A US2641556 A US 2641556A
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coating
sheet material
methyl cellulose
refractory
magnetic
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
    • C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
    • H01F1/18—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets with insulating coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a separator coating for magnetic sheet materials. It is particularly concerned with a refractory coating which can be applied to magnetic sheet materials to function as a separator between adjacent laminations of such sheet materials during heat treatment thereof.
  • sheet material as used herein and in the appended claims is intended to include both strip material used, for example, in forming a wound transformer core as well as the cut or punched laminations employed in forming stacked transformer cores and the laminated stator or rotor components of motors, generators and the like.
  • Examples of magnetic sheet materials are nickel iron alloys, silicon steel, common iron, and similar materials used in the above-identified electrical apparatus.
  • such magnetic sheet materials are supplied to the conlike, the product is given a final heat treatment for the purpose of developing its magnetic properties.
  • This heat treatment is ordinarily a closed or box anneal, generally in a controlled atmosphere. If the material to be heattreated is still in the form of a stri of substantial length, the
  • the strip is conveniently wound into the form of a roll and placed in the annealing furnace in that form. If the material is in the form of plates or sheets of reasonable length or in the form of small punchings such as those employed in motor manufacture, these are stacked or packed into boxes for loading into the heat treating furnace. In either case, the material is heat treated in a multi-ply assembly in which the surface of adjacent laminations of the magnetic sheet material are in contact with one another over relatively large areas with the result that at the more ele- 'vated temperatures employed for developing the magnetic qualities of the material, the adjacent laminations tend to stick together unless some means is provided for separatin the laminations during the heat treatment.
  • a, finelydivided refractory material such as magnesium oxide, alumina, calcined dolomite, r zirconia
  • a, finelydivided refractory material such as magnesium oxide, alumina, calcined dolomite, r zirconia
  • the separator material be applied in the form of a paint comprising the finely-divided refractory material suspended in a solution of a decomposable binder such as a solution of an alkyd resin, cellulose acetate or the like in suitable organic solvents.
  • a decomposable binder such as a solution of an alkyd resin, cellulose acetate or the like in suitable organic solvents.
  • the resinous component of the paint served to bond the refractory material to the surfaces of the magnetic sheet material in the form of a film which would not become loose or dislodged during normal handling operations, including the punching or cutting of a sheet or strip into suitable laminations.
  • This process involved on a commercial scale the use of large quantities of expensive binders and solvents.
  • the refractory layer remaining after decomposition of the binder durin the annealing operation was no longer bonded to the magnetic sheet material. It could be brushed from the surfaces with the same ease as those separator coatings applied in the dry state or from a water slurry. This was apparently due to the fact that the individual particles of refractory oxide as applied to the magnetic sheet material were completely coated or surrounded by a layer of the resinous binder and actually spaced from the surfaces of the sheet material by this layer.
  • the separation was still existent so that at no time during the process was there a substantial percentage of the oxide particles in such intimate contact with the surfaces of the sheet material as to obtain an actual bonding or adhesion of the particles themselves to the surfaces of the sheet material during anneal to form a permanent film thereon.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive, general purpose coating which can be easily applied to magnetic strip material and which will resist brushing off by normal handling of the strip material either while it is being punched into laminations or wound into toroidal cores, or being shipped. It
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a separator coatingcontaininga decomposable binder which bonds the particles of separator material in such intimate, contact with the surfaces of the sheet material that upondecomposition of the binder during the heat treatment, the particles of separator material actually adhere to the sheet material to form thereon a permanent inorganic layer having insulative qualities.
  • the refractory component of the coatings of the present invention includes any one or more of those finely-divided refractory or semi-refractory materials previously-employed for this purpose.
  • examples of such materials are magnesia, alumina, calcined dolomite, zirconia, silica, or mixtures of two or more of these oxides.
  • a coating for magnetic sheet materials comprising a water-soluble, colloidal cellulose ether, such as methyl celluose, as the heat-decomposable binder for the refractory separator material. It has been found that coatings of the methyl cellulose bonded refractory material tightly adhere to the surfaces of the said material so that the coated sheets may be shipped, handled, punched, or
  • Methyl cellulose which is the preferred watersoluble cellulose ether, is a material obtainable commercially in the form of a dry powder which can be dispersed in water to obtain what appears to be a colloidal solution.
  • a colloidalsolution is an excellent base for preparinga suitable slurry or suspension of'the refractory oxide. It has been found that the amount of the methyl cellulose which must be included in'such a water slurry of the refractory oxide to obtain the desired bonding action between the dried coating and the magnetic sheet material is quite small and ordinarily will not exceed about 2 per cent by weight of the slurry. Even in those cases where punchings, for example, in the form of small transformer or motor laminations are.
  • the amount of methyl cellulose employed should comprise at least about 0.3 per cent to .5 per cent by weight of the total slurry. While the binding action of the cellulose ether is such as to permit the usual processing of thecoated material, the cost of a cellulose ether coating is substantially less than the. cellulose 4. ployed. In addition, as compared with the cellu-- lose acetate or alkyd resin coatings containing the same oxide or mixture of oxides, the dried methyl cellulose coatings are substantially thinner and hence provide a space factor advantage during the annealing operation.
  • the coating can be applied to the continuous strip material as it comes from the supplier.
  • the coated material can be cut or punched into laminations or strips of the desired size and shape by the consumer and the coated products stacked or rolled into the form of a multi-ply assembly for thefi'nal. anneal without further treatment in so far as the problem of separation of adjacent laminations in the assembly during the anneal is concerned.
  • hot water preferably at a temperature from to C. and'in an amount comprising from one-fifth to one-third of the total'water required in the final slurry be used to form a preliminary dispersion of the methyl cellulose in the form of a colloidal methyl-oellulcse-water mixture.
  • the methyl cellulose becomes substantially wetted after which the mixture is cooled and the remaining water at room temperature or colder is mixed with the cooled water dispersion of the methyl cellulose to form a stable colloidal dispersion of the methyl cellulose.
  • the formation of the dispersion of the methyl-cellulose in the total volume of water will be accelerated as the temperature of the mixture is lowered once the methyl cellulose has been wet by the hot water.
  • the magnesia or other refractory material or materials can then be mixed with the resultant methyl cellulose dispersion-or if desired the refractory material can be incorporated in the form of a slurry in the cold water which is mixed with the cooled water-methyl cellulose mixture.
  • the resultant dispersion of refractory material is cooled to at least room temperature prior to use.
  • the water should be removed therefrom by drying at temperatures which do not exceed about C. and. at a not too rapid a rate in order that the film forming properties of the dried methyl cellulose'are not'destroyed. If the Water is removed too rapidly or at more elevated temperatures, the binding effect of the methyl cellulose may be destroyed so that the coating is easily brushed from the surface of the magnetic material during subsequent handling.
  • magnesia particles become bonded to the surfaces of the sheet material to form a permanent inorganic. film. Thishas been found to be the case with all of the magnetic sheet materials including nickel steels, common iron, etc. In some cases, as with silicon steel, this bonding may also be of a chemical nature resulting from the re action of the magnesia, calcium oxide or thelik'e with the constituents, such as silica, present in the. natural scale on the steel.
  • the coating which is applied to the steel may contain two or more reactive oxides which at heat treating temperatures will react to form adherent electrically insulating coatings having better insulating values than those obtained with a single oxide.
  • a small amount of colloidal silica can be incorporated into a slurry of magnesia or lime prior to the application thereof to the surface of the magnetic sheet material.
  • satisfactory coatings on the annealed product have been obtained by employing a slurry composed of 0.5 per cent by weight methyl cellulose, 7 per cent magnesium oxide and 2 per cent colloidal silica, balance water.
  • the slurry as employed in the practice of the present invention should preferably contain at least 2 per cent by weight of the refractory oxide.
  • the maximum percentage of the refractory oxide will depend somewhat upon the ease with which it can be maintained in the dispersed or suspended form in the slurry and the maximum thickness of the final coating which can be tolerated.
  • a second coating can be applied after the first has dried.
  • it may be advantageous to form the desired coating by a process in which the sheet material is first coated with a dilute methyl-cellulose-water coating and after this coating has dried the sheet material is passed through a water suspension of the refractory oxide which adheres to the cellulose film. After this coating has dried, it will be found that the refractory oxide is bonded to the sheet material to substantially the same degree as when the oxide and cellulose are mixed prior to application to the sheet material.
  • the methyl cellulose disintegrates into substantially volatile components, leaving the finely-divided refractory in intimate contact with the surface of the magnetic material to which it becomes bonded at the annealing temperatures.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is that the magnetic material in continuous strip form can be coated with the methyl cellulose slurry by the manufacturer of the magnetic material just prior to the winding of the strip material into the form of rolls suitable for shipment to a consumer.
  • This advantage will become more apparent when it is considered that ordinarily unrolling coating and rerolling of the strip material constitute additional operations on the part of the consumer whereas the coating process readily fits into those operations subsequent to the final open anneal and prior to the winding of the strip material for shipment by the manufacturer thereof.
  • the method which comprises providing magnetic sheet material with a coating composed of a suspension of a finely divided refractory separator material in water containing from about 0.3 to 2% by weight of methyl cellulose, drying the coating, at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed, mechanically processing the coated material to place it in the physical condition desired prior to the final anneal thereof to develop its optimum magnetic properties, and box annealing the coated sheet material in multi-ply assembly to develop the magnetic preperties thereof and to form on said sheet material a tightly adhering coating of the inorganic separator material.
  • the method for providing a magnetic sheet material with an adherent coating of finely divided refractory material adapted to act as a separator during the box anneal of the magnetic sheet material comprises applying the refractory material to the surfaces of the magnetic material in the form of a suspension thereof in a methyl cellulose-water mixture containing from about 0.3 to 2% by weight methyl cellulose and immediately drying the coating at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed to form a tightly adherent coating of the refractory material bonded to the magnetic material by means of the methyl cellulose.
  • the method which comprises providing a continuous strip of magnetic material with a coating of a finely divided refractory material in water containing from about 0.3 to 2% by weight of methyl cellulose as a dispersing and-bonding agent, drying the coated material at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed and subjecting the coated material to a box anneal to decompose the methyl cellulose binder into substantially completely volatile components leaving a layer of the refractory powderadhering to and separating the annealed laminations.
  • the method which comprises providing a continuous strip of magnetic material with a coating of slurry of a finely divided refractory oxide, water, and from 0.3 to 1% by weight methyl cellulose, drying the coating at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed to remove the water content thereof and subsequently box annealing the coated material to decompose the methyl cellulose component thereof and to leave on the surface of the magnetic material a tightly adhering coating of the refractory oxide.
  • the method for providing magnetic sheet material with an insulating coating during the anneal thereof comprises applying to the material prior to anneal a coating of a slurry of finely divided magnesium oxide, colloidal silica and from about 0.3 to 2% by weight of methyl cellulose in water, drying said coating at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed and subsequently box annealing the coated material to a temperature up to 1200 C. to decompose the methyl cellulose and atom-@155 to. form. an: adherent insulatingv coating-of the magnesium oxide and silica on" the surface of said sheet material.
  • a silicon steel sheet material having there,- on an adherent coating consisting essentially of a refractory oxide mixture consisting of magnesia and silica in finely divided form and a small amount of; methyl. cellulose; binder "bonding the refractory oxide mixture in vsuch intimate: C011? tactwith the surface of said silicon steel Sheet material that upon decomposition of the methyl cellulose binder during anneal of the sheet material particles. of the, refractory oxide mixture form on the surface of the sheet material a permanent, inorganic, electrically insulating layer.

Description

Patented June 9, 1953 MAGNETIC SHEET MATERIAL PROVIDED WITH A SEPARATOR COATING AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME John C. Robinson, Pittsfield, Mass, assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application March 14, 1951, Serial No. 215,650
7 Claims.
The present invention relates to a separator coating for magnetic sheet materials. It is particularly concerned with a refractory coating which can be applied to magnetic sheet materials to function as a separator between adjacent laminations of such sheet materials during heat treatment thereof. The term sheet material as used herein and in the appended claims is intended to include both strip material used, for example, in forming a wound transformer core as well as the cut or punched laminations employed in forming stacked transformer cores and the laminated stator or rotor components of motors, generators and the like. Examples of magnetic sheet materials are nickel iron alloys, silicon steel, common iron, and similar materials used in the above-identified electrical apparatus.
In accordance with present-day practice, such magnetic sheet materials are supplied to the conlike, the product is given a final heat treatment for the purpose of developing its magnetic properties. This heat treatment is ordinarilya closed or box anneal, generally in a controlled atmosphere. If the material to be heattreated is still in the form of a stri of substantial length, the
strip is conveniently wound into the form of a roll and placed in the annealing furnace in that form. If the material is in the form of plates or sheets of reasonable length or in the form of small punchings such as those employed in motor manufacture, these are stacked or packed into boxes for loading into the heat treating furnace. In either case, the material is heat treated in a multi-ply assembly in which the surface of adjacent laminations of the magnetic sheet material are in contact with one another over relatively large areas with the result that at the more ele- 'vated temperatures employed for developing the magnetic qualities of the material, the adjacent laminations tend to stick together unless some means is provided for separatin the laminations during the heat treatment.
Heretofore, to prevent such sticking, a, finelydivided refractory material, such as magnesium oxide, alumina, calcined dolomite, r zirconia, has been carefully dusted on to the surfaces of the magnetic sheet material or applied thereto in the form of a slurry in water just prior to the time the material is wound into the form of ,a core or roll or stacked in preparation for the box anneal. Because of the nature of the coating material, the manner in which it is applied, and the fact that it is easily dislodged during handling of the material, it was necessary that this operation'be carried out immediately prior to the annealing step. Due to the ease with which such coatings could be brushed off by normal handling of the coated material, it was not possible to apply the coatings to the magnetic sheet material until after all of the preliminary operations such as punching or cutting had been carried out. Even the normal handlin of the wound strip materials would frequently result in the refractory material being rubbed off or displaced from some surface areas to an extent such that sticking would take place during subsequent anneal of the wound core.
To simplify the coating process, it has been proposed that the separator material be applied in the form of a paint comprising the finely-divided refractory material suspended in a solution of a decomposable binder such as a solution of an alkyd resin, cellulose acetate or the like in suitable organic solvents. After evaporation of the solvent, the resinous component of the paint served to bond the refractory material to the surfaces of the magnetic sheet material in the form of a film which would not become loose or dislodged during normal handling operations, including the punching or cutting of a sheet or strip into suitable laminations. This process, however, involved on a commercial scale the use of large quantities of expensive binders and solvents. In
.; addition, when such binders were used, the refractory layer remaining after decomposition of the binder durin the annealing operation was no longer bonded to the magnetic sheet material. It could be brushed from the surfaces with the same ease as those separator coatings applied in the dry state or from a water slurry. This was apparently due to the fact that the individual particles of refractory oxide as applied to the magnetic sheet material were completely coated or surrounded by a layer of the resinous binder and actually spaced from the surfaces of the sheet material by this layer. Upon decomposition of the binder, the separation was still existent so that at no time during the process was there a substantial percentage of the oxide particles in such intimate contact with the surfaces of the sheet material as to obtain an actual bonding or adhesion of the particles themselves to the surfaces of the sheet material during anneal to form a permanent film thereon.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive, general purpose coating which can be easily applied to magnetic strip material and which will resist brushing off by normal handling of the strip material either while it is being punched into laminations or wound into toroidal cores, or being shipped. It
is another object of the invention to provide a.
refractory separator coating which will adhere to the sheet material prior to andduring. the-necessary annealing operations and which will not affect the magnetic quality of the sheet material after anneal. A further object of the invention is to provide a separator coatingcontaininga decomposable binder which bonds the particles of separator material in such intimate, contact with the surfaces of the sheet material that upondecomposition of the binder during the heat treatment, the particles of separator material actually adhere to the sheet material to form thereon a permanent inorganic layer having insulative qualities.
The refractory component of the coatings of the present invention includes any one or more of those finely-divided refractory or semi-refractory materials previously-employed for this purpose. Examples of such materials are magnesia, alumina, calcined dolomite, zirconia, silica, or mixtures of two or more of these oxides.
The above objects and others which will become apparent from the following description of the invention have been attained by providing a coating for magnetic sheet materials comprising a water-soluble, colloidal cellulose ether, such as methyl celluose, as the heat-decomposable binder for the refractory separator material. It has been found that coatings of the methyl cellulose bonded refractory material tightly adhere to the surfaces of the said material so that the coated sheets may be shipped, handled, punched, or
wound through tension devices without seriously affecting the adhesion of coating. Following anneal of the coated material in any of the atmospheres previously employed in the anneal of such magnetic materials, there is no impairment of the magnetic characteristics thereof and no sign of adhesion between laminations during the heat treatment.
Methyl cellulose, which is the preferred watersoluble cellulose ether, is a material obtainable commercially in the form of a dry powder which can be dispersed in water to obtain what appears to be a colloidal solution. Such a colloidalsolution is an excellent base for preparinga suitable slurry or suspension of'the refractory oxide. It has been found that the amount of the methyl cellulose which must be included in'such a water slurry of the refractory oxide to obtain the desired bonding action between the dried coating and the magnetic sheet material is quite small and ordinarily will not exceed about 2 per cent by weight of the slurry. Even in those cases where punchings, for example, in the form of small transformer or motor laminations are. punched from the coated material, it will be found that the methyl cellulose bonded coatings are not adversely affected by the punching operations. To obtain these results, the amount of methyl cellulose employed should comprise at least about 0.3 per cent to .5 per cent by weight of the total slurry. While the binding action of the cellulose ether is such as to permit the usual processing of thecoated material, the cost of a cellulose ether coating is substantially less than the. cellulose 4. ployed. In addition, as compared with the cellu-- lose acetate or alkyd resin coatings containing the same oxide or mixture of oxides, the dried methyl cellulose coatings are substantially thinner and hence provide a space factor advantage during the annealing operation.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the coating can be applied to the continuous strip material as it comes from the supplier. The coated material can be cut or punched into laminations or strips of the desired size and shape by the consumer and the coated products stacked or rolled into the form of a multi-ply assembly for thefi'nal. anneal without further treatment in so far as the problem of separation of adjacent laminations in the assembly during the anneal is concerned.
In preparing a slurry suitable for the practice of the present invention, it is important that hot water, preferably at a temperature from to C. and'in an amount comprising from one-fifth to one-third of the total'water required in the final slurry be used to form a preliminary dispersion of the methyl cellulose in the form of a colloidal methyl-oellulcse-water mixture. Upon agitation of the mixture of hot water and methyl cellulose, as, for example, after five minutes agitation, the methyl cellulose becomes substantially wetted after which the mixture is cooled and the remaining water at room temperature or colder is mixed with the cooled water dispersion of the methyl cellulose to form a stable colloidal dispersion of the methyl cellulose. The formation of the dispersion of the methyl-cellulose in the total volume of water will be accelerated as the temperature of the mixture is lowered once the methyl cellulose has been wet by the hot water. The magnesia or other refractory material or materials can then be mixed with the resultant methyl cellulose dispersion-or if desired the refractory material can be incorporated in the form of a slurry in the cold water which is mixed with the cooled water-methyl cellulose mixture. Preferably, the resultant dispersion of refractory material is cooled to at least room temperature prior to use.
Once the'refractory oxide slurry has been applied in the form of a thin coating on the magnetic sheet material by any suitable means, such as by immersion, spraying, brushing, etc, the water should be removed therefrom by drying at temperatures which do not exceed about C. and. at a not too rapid a rate in order that the film forming properties of the dried methyl cellulose'are not'destroyed. If the Water is removed too rapidly or at more elevated temperatures, the binding effect of the methyl cellulose may be destroyed so that the coating is easily brushed from the surface of the magnetic material during subsequent handling.
During the anneal of they coated sheet material, most of the refractory particles, for example, the magnesia particles become bonded to the surfaces of the sheet material to form a permanent inorganic. film. Thishas been found to be the case with all of the magnetic sheet materials including nickel steels, common iron, etc. In some cases, as with silicon steel, this bonding may also be of a chemical nature resulting from the re action of the magnesia, calcium oxide or thelik'e with the constituents, such as silica, present in the. natural scale on the steel. These thin coatings of a thickness of about 0.1 mil or less hav e acetate and alkyd resin coatings heretofore em- 75 i su t g p p t s efiective t0 c c y sulate the laminations from one another during subsequent use in a transformer or the like.
In accordance with a further modification of the invention, the coating which is applied to the steel may contain two or more reactive oxides which at heat treating temperatures will react to form adherent electrically insulating coatings having better insulating values than those obtained with a single oxide. For this purpose, a small amount of colloidal silica can be incorporated into a slurry of magnesia or lime prior to the application thereof to the surface of the magnetic sheet material. For example, satisfactory coatings on the annealed product have been obtained by employing a slurry composed of 0.5 per cent by weight methyl cellulose, 7 per cent magnesium oxide and 2 per cent colloidal silica, balance water. When magnetic sheet materials, such as common iron, nickel steels, etc., having such a coating are heat treated at temperatures in excess of 800 C., there is a reaction between the refractory oxide and the silica to form on the surfaces of the material a thin insulating coating probably comprising a silicate of the refractory oxide as, for example, magnesium silicate. Similar results with the formation of a similar coating can also be obtained by the use of lime or calcined dolomite in place of magnesia.
In general, the slurry as employed in the practice of the present invention should preferably contain at least 2 per cent by weight of the refractory oxide. The maximum percentage of the refractory oxide will depend somewhat upon the ease with which it can be maintained in the dispersed or suspended form in the slurry and the maximum thickness of the final coating which can be tolerated. If desired, a second coating can be applied after the first has dried. In some cases it may be advantageous to form the desired coating by a process in which the sheet material is first coated with a dilute methyl-cellulose-water coating and after this coating has dried the sheet material is passed through a water suspension of the refractory oxide which adheres to the cellulose film. After this coating has dried, it will be found that the refractory oxide is bonded to the sheet material to substantially the same degree as when the oxide and cellulose are mixed prior to application to the sheet material.
During the anneal of the coated material at temperatures up'to 1200 0., generally from about 700 to 1175 C., depending upon the particular magnetic material involved, and particularly dur-- ing the earlier stages of the anneal when the material is being brought up to temperature, the methyl cellulose disintegrates into substantially volatile components, leaving the finely-divided refractory in intimate contact with the surface of the magnetic material to which it becomes bonded at the annealing temperatures.
A particular advantage of the present invention is that the magnetic material in continuous strip form can be coated with the methyl cellulose slurry by the manufacturer of the magnetic material just prior to the winding of the strip material into the form of rolls suitable for shipment to a consumer. This advantage will become more apparent when it is considered that ordinarily unrolling coating and rerolling of the strip material constitute additional operations on the part of the consumer whereas the coating process readily fits into those operations subsequent to the final open anneal and prior to the winding of the strip material for shipment by the manufacturer thereof.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United'States is:
l. The method which comprises providing magnetic sheet material with a coating composed of a suspension of a finely divided refractory separator material in water containing from about 0.3 to 2% by weight of methyl cellulose, drying the coating, at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed, mechanically processing the coated material to place it in the physical condition desired prior to the final anneal thereof to develop its optimum magnetic properties, and box annealing the coated sheet material in multi-ply assembly to develop the magnetic preperties thereof and to form on said sheet material a tightly adhering coating of the inorganic separator material.
2. The method for providing a magnetic sheet material with an adherent coating of finely divided refractory material adapted to act as a separator during the box anneal of the magnetic sheet material, which method comprises applying the refractory material to the surfaces of the magnetic material in the form of a suspension thereof in a methyl cellulose-water mixture containing from about 0.3 to 2% by weight methyl cellulose and immediately drying the coating at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed to form a tightly adherent coating of the refractory material bonded to the magnetic material by means of the methyl cellulose.
3. The method which comprises providing a continuous strip of magnetic material with a coating of a finely divided refractory material in water containing from about 0.3 to 2% by weight of methyl cellulose as a dispersing and-bonding agent, drying the coated material at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed and subjecting the coated material to a box anneal to decompose the methyl cellulose binder into substantially completely volatile components leaving a layer of the refractory powderadhering to and separating the annealed laminations.
4. The method which comprises providing a continuous strip of magnetic material with a coating of slurry of a finely divided refractory oxide, water, and from 0.3 to 1% by weight methyl cellulose, drying the coating at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed to remove the water content thereof and subsequently box annealing the coated material to decompose the methyl cellulose component thereof and to leave on the surface of the magnetic material a tightly adhering coating of the refractory oxide.
5. The method for providing magnetic sheet material with an insulating coating during the anneal thereof, which method comprises applying to the material prior to anneal a coating of a slurry of finely divided magnesium oxide, colloidal silica and from about 0.3 to 2% by weight of methyl cellulose in water, drying said coating at such a temperature and such a rate that the film forming properties of the methyl cellulose are not destroyed and subsequently box annealing the coated material to a temperature up to 1200 C. to decompose the methyl cellulose and atom-@155 to. form. an: adherent insulatingv coating-of the magnesium oxide and silica on" the surface of said sheet material.
6. A magnetic sheet material having thereon a thin coating consisting of at least one finely divided refractory oxide and a small amount of methyl cellulose binder bonding the refractory oxide to said sheet material in such intimate contact with the surface of said sheet material that upon decomposition of the methyl cellulose during anneal of the coated sheet material particles of the refractory oxide form on the surface of the sheet material a permanent, inorganic, electrically insulating layer.
7. A silicon steel sheet material having there,- on an adherent coating consisting essentially of a refractory oxide mixture consisting of magnesia and silica in finely divided form and a small amount of; methyl. cellulose; binder "bonding the refractory oxide mixture in vsuch intimate: C011? tactwith the surface of said silicon steel Sheet material that upon decomposition of the methyl cellulose binder during anneal of the sheet material particles. of the, refractory oxide mixture form on the surface of the sheet material a permanent, inorganic, electrically insulating layer.
JOHN C. ROBINSON.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,316,745 Robertson Apr. 13, 1943 2,515,788 MOIlill' July 18, 1950

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD WHICH COMPRISES PROVIDING MAGNETIC SHEET MATERIAL WITH A COATING COMPOSED OF A SUSPENSION OF A FINELY DIVIDED REFRACTORY SEPARATOR MATERIAL IN WATER CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 0.3 TO 2, BY WEIGHT OF METHYL CELLULOSE, DRYING THE COATING, AT SUCH A TEMPERATURE AND SUCH A RATE THAT THE FILM FORMING PROPERTIES OF THE METHYL CELLULOSE ARE NOT DESTROYED, MECHANICALLY PROCESSING THE COATED MATERIAL TO PLACE IT IN THE PHYSICAL CONDITION DESIRED PRIOR TO THE FINAL ANNEAL THEREOF TO DEVELOP ITS OPTIMUM MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, AND BOX ANNEALING THE COATED SHEET MATERIAL IN MULTI-PLY ASSEMBLY TO FORM ON SAID SHEET MATERIAL A TIGHTLY ADHERING COATING OF THE INORGANIC SEPARATOR MATERIAL.
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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871143A (en) * 1956-06-29 1959-01-27 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Magnetic material provided with separator coating
US2900272A (en) * 1957-10-28 1959-08-18 North American Aviation Inc Method of heat treating metals employing an oxidation scale inhibitor
US3132056A (en) * 1961-05-19 1964-05-05 Gen Electric Insulating coating for magnetic sheet material and method for producing the same
US3151000A (en) * 1959-08-28 1964-09-29 Hooker Chemical Corp Method of applying highly heat resistant protective coatings to metallic surfaces
US3151997A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-10-06 United States Steel Corp Separating-medium coating for preparation of electrical steel strip for annealing
US3192619A (en) * 1961-06-13 1965-07-06 Hooker Chemical Corp Lubricant coating composition and method of cold forming metals
US3326679A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-06-20 Alloys Res & Mfg Corp Process for improved sintering
US3333334A (en) * 1963-10-23 1967-08-01 Rca Corp Method of making magnetic body with pattern of imbedded non-magnetic material
US3389006A (en) * 1964-05-18 1968-06-18 Armco Steel Corp Process for forming a refractory coating on silicon-iron stock
US3475161A (en) * 1967-03-14 1969-10-28 Howmet Corp Method of forming cemented carbide coatings on metal surfaces by employing volatile,organic liquid solvents and organic binders
US3484344A (en) * 1965-05-10 1969-12-16 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Production of electrically resistive coatings by anodic deposition from aqueous monoaluminum phosphate
US4273810A (en) * 1978-07-14 1981-06-16 Brown, Boveri & Cie Aktiengesellschaft Method for preventing sintering in forging blocks
US4746376A (en) * 1986-10-22 1988-05-24 Kolene Corporation Method of preventing diffusion of N2, O2 or C in selected metal surfaces
US6149794A (en) * 1997-01-31 2000-11-21 Elisha Technologies Co Llc Method for cathodically treating an electrically conductive zinc surface
US6153080A (en) * 1997-01-31 2000-11-28 Elisha Technologies Co Llc Electrolytic process for forming a mineral
US6455100B1 (en) 1999-04-13 2002-09-24 Elisha Technologies Co Llc Coating compositions for electronic components and other metal surfaces, and methods for making and using the compositions
US6572756B2 (en) 1997-01-31 2003-06-03 Elisha Holding Llc Aqueous electrolytic medium
US6592738B2 (en) 1997-01-31 2003-07-15 Elisha Holding Llc Electrolytic process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby
US6599643B2 (en) 1997-01-31 2003-07-29 Elisha Holding Llc Energy enhanced process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby
US20030165627A1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2003-09-04 Heimann Robert L. Method for treating metallic surfaces and products formed thereby
US20040126483A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-07-01 Heimann Robert L. Coating compositions for electronic components and other metal surfaces, and methods for making and using the compositions
US20040188262A1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2004-09-30 Heimann Robert L. Method for treating metallic surfaces and products formed thereby

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US2316745A (en) * 1941-06-12 1943-04-13 E I Du Pont De Neumours & Comp Ceramic decorating composition
US2515788A (en) * 1945-10-22 1950-07-18 Gen Electric Process for coating magnetic materials

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US2316745A (en) * 1941-06-12 1943-04-13 E I Du Pont De Neumours & Comp Ceramic decorating composition
US2515788A (en) * 1945-10-22 1950-07-18 Gen Electric Process for coating magnetic materials

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871143A (en) * 1956-06-29 1959-01-27 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Magnetic material provided with separator coating
US2900272A (en) * 1957-10-28 1959-08-18 North American Aviation Inc Method of heat treating metals employing an oxidation scale inhibitor
US3151000A (en) * 1959-08-28 1964-09-29 Hooker Chemical Corp Method of applying highly heat resistant protective coatings to metallic surfaces
US3132056A (en) * 1961-05-19 1964-05-05 Gen Electric Insulating coating for magnetic sheet material and method for producing the same
US3192619A (en) * 1961-06-13 1965-07-06 Hooker Chemical Corp Lubricant coating composition and method of cold forming metals
US3151997A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-10-06 United States Steel Corp Separating-medium coating for preparation of electrical steel strip for annealing
US3333334A (en) * 1963-10-23 1967-08-01 Rca Corp Method of making magnetic body with pattern of imbedded non-magnetic material
US3389006A (en) * 1964-05-18 1968-06-18 Armco Steel Corp Process for forming a refractory coating on silicon-iron stock
US3326679A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-06-20 Alloys Res & Mfg Corp Process for improved sintering
US3484344A (en) * 1965-05-10 1969-12-16 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Production of electrically resistive coatings by anodic deposition from aqueous monoaluminum phosphate
US3475161A (en) * 1967-03-14 1969-10-28 Howmet Corp Method of forming cemented carbide coatings on metal surfaces by employing volatile,organic liquid solvents and organic binders
US4273810A (en) * 1978-07-14 1981-06-16 Brown, Boveri & Cie Aktiengesellschaft Method for preventing sintering in forging blocks
US4746376A (en) * 1986-10-22 1988-05-24 Kolene Corporation Method of preventing diffusion of N2, O2 or C in selected metal surfaces
US20030178317A1 (en) * 1997-01-31 2003-09-25 Heimann Robert I. Energy enhanced process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby
US6153080A (en) * 1997-01-31 2000-11-28 Elisha Technologies Co Llc Electrolytic process for forming a mineral
US6258243B1 (en) 1997-01-31 2001-07-10 Elisha Technologies Co Llc Cathodic process for treating an electrically conductive surface
US6149794A (en) * 1997-01-31 2000-11-21 Elisha Technologies Co Llc Method for cathodically treating an electrically conductive zinc surface
US6572756B2 (en) 1997-01-31 2003-06-03 Elisha Holding Llc Aqueous electrolytic medium
US6592738B2 (en) 1997-01-31 2003-07-15 Elisha Holding Llc Electrolytic process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby
US6599643B2 (en) 1997-01-31 2003-07-29 Elisha Holding Llc Energy enhanced process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby
US6994779B2 (en) 1997-01-31 2006-02-07 Elisha Holding Llc Energy enhanced process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby
US6455100B1 (en) 1999-04-13 2002-09-24 Elisha Technologies Co Llc Coating compositions for electronic components and other metal surfaces, and methods for making and using the compositions
US20040188262A1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2004-09-30 Heimann Robert L. Method for treating metallic surfaces and products formed thereby
US6866896B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2005-03-15 Elisha Holding Llc Method for treating metallic surfaces and products formed thereby
US20030165627A1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2003-09-04 Heimann Robert L. Method for treating metallic surfaces and products formed thereby
US20040126483A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-07-01 Heimann Robert L. Coating compositions for electronic components and other metal surfaces, and methods for making and using the compositions

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