US2623572A - Apparatus for creping paper - Google Patents

Apparatus for creping paper Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2623572A
US2623572A US162873A US16287350A US2623572A US 2623572 A US2623572 A US 2623572A US 162873 A US162873 A US 162873A US 16287350 A US16287350 A US 16287350A US 2623572 A US2623572 A US 2623572A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
paper
creping
crepe
longitudinal
transverse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US162873A
Inventor
Haas Rudolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zellsloff Fabrik Waldhof AG
Original Assignee
Zellsloff Fabrik Waldhof AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zellsloff Fabrik Waldhof AG filed Critical Zellsloff Fabrik Waldhof AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2623572A publication Critical patent/US2623572A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/12—Crêping

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a process and apparatus for the creping of paper or other material capable of being creped (hereinafter briefly called paper), preferably in continuous widths, and so that in a single working operation a ductility in length and crosssection is obtained.
  • Paper creped in two directions has already been produced by a method such that in a known way (for example by means of a crepe scraper) transversely creped paper was subsequently drawn together from the edges under a band or strap running with it (see for example U. S. Patent No. 2,165,728, in the name of Rosenfeld et al.).
  • the lateral pushing together was rendered more diflicult, and the existing trans verse folds stiffened the paper track. Longitudinal folds resulted in the crepe which were coarser than the transverse folds. Thus a superposition of transverse and longitudinal folds resulted, which was undesirable for many reasons.
  • the points at which the forward drive of the paper occurs, and the points at which the braking takes place, lie in a plane, that is to say the plane of the length of smooth paper.
  • a method of creping paper or other material capable of being creped in which a more or less longitudinally waved length of paper, preferably moistened in its full width, is driven forward at various points of the longitudinal waving, and at intermediate points lying in a different plane is retarded, so that transverse and oblique running crepe folds are produced at and between the driving and the retarding points.
  • the length of paper is driven forward at the tops of the waves and is braked in the troughs of the waves, or vice versa.
  • transverse crepe folds are preferably provided both in the crest of a wave and its trough. Intensive practical tests have however shown that these crepe folds proceed toward both sides, so that the whole surface of the sheet of paper undergoes creping, which can be fixed in known manner by pressure whilst damp, and drying.
  • the method of the invention presents several important advantages compared with the present position of the art.
  • the propelling cylinders (which, in accordance with the disclosure of French Patent No. 898,966, are provided with mutually interoperating grooves or clearances so as to allow room for the braking parts) may be non-grooved smooth rubber rollers of the normal construction, because their surfaces cease to come in contact with the braking element in the depth of the paper waves.
  • the degree of length of the creping that is to say the ductility of the paper in transverse direction, depends upon the height of the rollers by which the material is fed, to the forward motion of the crepe. Should the rollers be so smooth that they provide no substantial diminution of the width of paper, then transverse folds only will result.
  • the longitudinal waving which is not a subject of this invention, may be effected by any known method used in the production of creped ordinary furrowed paper guided through pairs of rollers, whose space diminishes in the direction of the run of the paper. Any other means may, however, be employed for contracting or shrinksheet of paper. Paper is gripped by two interacting rotating rolls,
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a creping apparatus according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal section of Fig. 1,
  • Figs. 3 to 5 are cross-sections of three further forms of construction
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a piece of paper creped in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a partial longitudinal section of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, for the production of transverse crepe.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 a is the longitudinally waved At the crests of these waves the of which the lower roll I) is provided with a tor- .sion contact surface, so that only the ribs or combs c act on the paper; the upper roll d may be free-running and present a smooth ungrooved surface, for example of rubber, to ensure a firm grip and a drive in the direction of the arrow. To ensure the fullest use of the rubber coating and long life of the roll 11, this latter can be moved slowly to and fro in the direction of the double arrow, 50 that all the parts of the surface are maintained in full pressing action with the comb c of the creperolls.
  • the paper is pressed on a firm, preferably arched surface I at the troughs of the waves. This can be accomplished for example by stretched wires 9', or alternatively straps, springs, fingers or the like may be used.
  • the surface F is provided with slots to ensure the passage of the ribs 0 of the crepe roll 17.
  • the member 1 may consist of a number of parts L so formed that a braking of the paper in the troughs of the waves may result.
  • the degree of longitudinal creping depends, as will be gathered from Fig. 2, on the amplitude of the waves as compared with the wave length.
  • the wave depths in their turn demand a certain adaptation of distance of the fixed brake surfaces J from the crepe rolls :1. If, for example, a smaller length of creping is desired, then 1 must be set nearer to d. This can, as is shown in Fig. 1, be accomplished, for example, by providing a pivot h on one side of the brake surface 1, and a lever i on the other side for lifting said surface the required amount.
  • the creping rolls b, 0 may naturally be adjusted in height.
  • the disparity between 01 and 1 corresponds with the degree to which the ribs 0 of the roll b project from the surface 3.
  • a movable particularly a rotatable face
  • Fig. 3 shows one example, in which b and c are, as before, the grooved crepe rolls, d the counterrol'ls preferably rubber-covered, and g the system of wires or the like for the braking of the paper (not shown) in the depth of the grooves.
  • a number of rings is used, which may be run faster or slower according to the required degree of transverse creping.
  • Fig.4 shows a further embodiment. In this of the paper.
  • Fig. 5 shows that the method in accordance V with this invention can be carried out with a grooved crepe roll I), c, a system of rings a and a second roll t, whereby the degree of transverse crepin results from the different peripheral velocities with which the two rolls are driven.
  • the rings is moreover (as already shown in Fig. 4) are mounted in the rolls 1, 111,11, but the rings a are mounted in other rolls 0, w, x.
  • This arrangement offers the advantage that the elasticity of the rings to the yielding pressure on'the ribs of the two rolls can be utilized, so that the use of an elastic material, such as rubber, is unnecessary.
  • the lateral lead of the rings of one system can be effected by the roller ribs of the other, and vice versa.
  • the character of the creping according to this invention is shown, by way of example, in Fig. 6.
  • the folds of the crepe run, in the main, transversely and obliquely, but partially longitudinally, in consequence of the working into the crepe folds, of the surplus material produced in the paper width.
  • Fig. 7 there is shown how a clear transverse creping is produced in accordance with the invention.
  • the waves in the paper a are so shallow that the ribs 0 of the creping rolls scarcely stand out from the brake surface f. Between 1 and (1 so much space is left that the brake members shown at y are on their part not seized by the rubber rolls.
  • a more or less stron longitudinal crepe can be produced in the apparatus without transverse creping, by arranging that after successful creping the length of paper is so quickly withdrawn that the original transverse creping is practically removed and only the associated longitudinal creping remains in its original state.
  • Apparatus for creping paper by forming corrugations, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the paper comprisin means for driving forward the longitudinal corrugated paper at the tops of the longitudinal corrugations in the one plane and retarding the paper at the other tops of the corrugations in the other plane, said means including a grooved roll and a counter roll, whereby the forward motion is exercised by the grooved roll bearing into the longitudinal corrugations and bya counterroll, and brake means to retard the paper.
  • Apparatus for creping paper by forming corrugations, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the paper, comprising a grooved, roll and a counter roll which will drive the longitudinal corrugated paper forward at the tops of the longitudinal corrugations in the one plane, and two independent brake means, which will retard the paper at the other tops of the corrugations in the opposite plane, the drive roll being provided with peripheral grooves and the counterroll being smooth.
  • I V V 3 Apparatusfor creping paper according to 5 claim 2, in which the counterroll has an elastic surface.
  • Apparatus for creping paper in which a system of band-like devices is provided, by which the paper is pressed against a braking surface, which is rigid and consists of one part or parts which can be arched.

Description

Dec. 30, 1952 R. HAAS APPARATUS FOR CREPING PAPER 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Filed May 19, 1950 Dec. 30, 1952 HAAS APPARATUS FOR CREPING PAPER 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Filed May 19, 1950 1721/672ZL0P RucZuZf H226 By 6 May? w Patented Dec. 30, 1952 UNITED STATES TENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR CREPING PAPER Mannheim-Waldhof, joint-stock company Germany,
a German Application May 19, 1950, Serial No. 162,873 In Germany May 25, 1949 (C1. E L-39) 9 Claims. 1
This invention concerns a process and apparatus for the creping of paper or other material capable of being creped (hereinafter briefly called paper), preferably in continuous widths, and so that in a single working operation a ductility in length and crosssection is obtained.
Paper creped in two directions has already been produced by a method such that in a known way (for example by means of a crepe scraper) transversely creped paper was subsequently drawn together from the edges under a band or strap running with it (see for example U. S. Patent No. 2,165,728, in the name of Rosenfeld et al.). In this method, the lateral pushing together was rendered more diflicult, and the existing trans verse folds stiffened the paper track. Longitudinal folds resulted in the crepe which were coarser than the transverse folds. Thus a superposition of transverse and longitudinal folds resulted, which was undesirable for many reasons.
Also, attempts have been made to crepe paper which is wave-formed in longitudinal direction and drawn together, firmly held together on a grooved crepe cylinder with the help of a scraper, thus formin transverse creping whose crepe edge of the paper waves is correspondingly developed (see for example U. S. Patents Nos. 1,627,966 and 2,425,207). In this method there is difficulty in the setting up and maintenance of such complicated crepe mechanism. Further, the waving of the cylinder-surfaces and of the scraper plates was suitable for a given wave-depth only, and consequently only for one quite definite longitudinal-crepe ratio.
Numerous attempts have been made to overcome these faults.
Means have been proposed for transverse creping plain paper in lengths, consisting in that the material is, in its running direction, driven forward at some places in its width, and at other, intermediate places halted or retarded. In this method the paper is gripped by sheaves, discs, or the like, and drawn or pushed in the intermediate spaces between cylinders, which brake or interrupt its further movement (see French Patent No. 896,965 in the name of Zellstofffabrik Waldhof).
The points at which the forward drive of the paper occurs, and the points at which the braking takes place, lie in a plane, that is to say the plane of the length of smooth paper.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of creping paper or other material capable of being creped, in which a more or less longitudinally waved length of paper, preferably moistened in its full width, is driven forward at various points of the longitudinal waving, and at intermediate points lying in a different plane is retarded, so that transverse and oblique running crepe folds are produced at and between the driving and the retarding points.
Preferably the length of paper is driven forward at the tops of the waves and is braked in the troughs of the waves, or vice versa.
in order that the waved length of paper may be pushed forward on one side, and braked on the other side, transverse crepe folds are preferably provided both in the crest of a wave and its trough. Intensive practical tests have however shown that these crepe folds proceed toward both sides, so that the whole surface of the sheet of paper undergoes creping, which can be fixed in known manner by pressure whilst damp, and drying.
The method of the invention presents several important advantages compared with the present position of the art.
Firstly: No friction is set up between the metal surfaces, as in creping by scrapers. Consequently all metal grinding is avoided, along with the repair work involved therewith.
Secondly: It is easy to regulate the width of the crepe in relation to the purpose for which it is to be used, since, as will be explained, the members of the creping mechanism can easily be set in juxtaposition with each other.
Further, the propelling cylinders (which, in accordance with the disclosure of French Patent No. 898,966, are provided with mutually interoperating grooves or clearances so as to allow room for the braking parts) may be non-grooved smooth rubber rollers of the normal construction, because their surfaces cease to come in contact with the braking element in the depth of the paper waves.
The degree of length of the creping, that is to say the ductility of the paper in transverse direction, depends upon the height of the rollers by which the material is fed, to the forward motion of the crepe. Should the rollers be so smooth that they provide no substantial diminution of the width of paper, then transverse folds only will result.
The longitudinal waving, which is not a subject of this invention, may be effected by any known method used in the production of creped ordinary furrowed paper guided through pairs of rollers, whose space diminishes in the direction of the run of the paper. Any other means may, however, be employed for contracting or shrinksheet of paper. paper is gripped by two interacting rotating rolls,
3 ing the width of the paper track in wave form (see for example U. S. Patents Nos. 762,033; 1,627,966; 1,689,037; 1,715,260).
The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings illustrating a few embodiments of creping apparatus and in which:
Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a creping apparatus according to the invention,
Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal section of Fig. 1,
Figs. 3 to 5 are cross-sections of three further forms of construction,
Fig. 6 illustrates a piece of paper creped in accordance with the invention,
Fig. 7 is a partial longitudinal section of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, for the production of transverse crepe.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a is the longitudinally waved At the crests of these waves the of which the lower roll I) is provided with a tor- .sion contact surface, so that only the ribs or combs c act on the paper; the upper roll d may be free-running and present a smooth ungrooved surface, for example of rubber, to ensure a firm grip and a drive in the direction of the arrow. To ensure the fullest use of the rubber coating and long life of the roll 11, this latter can be moved slowly to and fro in the direction of the double arrow, 50 that all the parts of the surface are maintained in full pressing action with the comb c of the creperolls.
The paper is pressed on a firm, preferably arched surface I at the troughs of the waves. This can be accomplished for example by stretched wires 9', or alternatively straps, springs, fingers or the like may be used. The surface F is provided with slots to ensure the passage of the ribs 0 of the crepe roll 17. Instead of this,
the member 1 may consist of a number of parts L so formed that a braking of the paper in the troughs of the waves may result.
The degree of longitudinal creping depends, as will be gathered from Fig. 2, on the amplitude of the waves as compared with the wave length. The wave depths in their turn demand a certain adaptation of distance of the fixed brake surfaces J from the crepe rolls :1. If, for example, a smaller length of creping is desired, then 1 must be set nearer to d. This can, as is shown in Fig. 1, be accomplished, for example, by providing a pivot h on one side of the brake surface 1, and a lever i on the other side for lifting said surface the required amount. Alternatively, the creping rolls b, 0 may naturally be adjusted in height. The disparity between 01 and 1 corresponds with the degree to which the ribs 0 of the roll b project from the surface 3.
In place of the fixed brake surface 1 a movable, particularly a rotatable face, may be, employed. Fig. 3 shows one example, in which b and c are, as before, the grooved crepe rolls, d the counterrol'ls preferably rubber-covered, and g the system of wires or the like for the braking of the paper (not shown) in the depth of the grooves. In place of the braking surf-ace a number of rings is are used, which may be run faster or slower according to the required degree of transverse creping. These have their bearings in rolls Z, m and n, of which one, preferably the middle one 111., can be formed as a toothed wheel, whose speed of rotation is appropriate for the rotation of the rings k, and therewith for the accomplishment of the transverse creping.
Fig.4 shows a further embodiment. In this of the paper.
Fig. 5 shows that the method in accordance V with this invention can be carried out with a grooved crepe roll I), c, a system of rings a and a second roll t, whereby the degree of transverse crepin results from the different peripheral velocities with which the two rolls are driven. The rings is moreover (as already shown in Fig. 4) are mounted in the rolls 1, 111,11, but the rings a are mounted in other rolls 0, w, x. This arrangement offers the advantage that the elasticity of the rings to the yielding pressure on'the ribs of the two rolls can be utilized, so that the use of an elastic material, such as rubber, is unnecessary. The lateral lead of the rings of one system can be effected by the roller ribs of the other, and vice versa.
The character of the creping according to this invention is shown, by way of example, in Fig. 6. The folds of the crepe run, in the main, transversely and obliquely, but partially longitudinally, in consequence of the working into the crepe folds, of the surplus material produced in the paper width.
In Fig. 7 there is shown how a clear transverse creping is produced in accordance with the invention. With this object, the waves in the paper a are so shallow that the ribs 0 of the creping rolls scarcely stand out from the brake surface f. Between 1 and (1 so much space is left that the brake members shown at y are on their part not seized by the rubber rolls.
A more or less stron longitudinal crepe can be produced in the apparatus without transverse creping, by arranging that after successful creping the length of paper is so quickly withdrawn that the original transverse creping is practically removed and only the associated longitudinal creping remains in its original state.
What I claim is:
1. Apparatus for creping paper by forming corrugations, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the paper, comprisin means for driving forward the longitudinal corrugated paper at the tops of the longitudinal corrugations in the one plane and retarding the paper at the other tops of the corrugations in the other plane, said means including a grooved roll and a counter roll, whereby the forward motion is exercised by the grooved roll bearing into the longitudinal corrugations and bya counterroll, and brake means to retard the paper.
2. Apparatus for creping paper by forming corrugations, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the paper, comprising a grooved, roll and a counter roll which will drive the longitudinal corrugated paper forward at the tops of the longitudinal corrugations in the one plane, and two independent brake means, which will retard the paper at the other tops of the corrugations in the opposite plane, the drive roll being provided with peripheral grooves and the counterroll being smooth. I V V 3. Apparatusfor creping paper according to 5 claim 2, in which the counterroll has an elastic surface.
4. Apparatus for creping paper according to claim 2, in which the counterroll consists of rub ber and is movable to and fro in axial direction.
5. Apparatus for creping paper accordin to claim 2, in which the waved length of paper is retarded between band-like devices.
6. Apparatus for creping paper according to claim 2, in which a system of band-like devices is provided, by which the paper is pressed against a braking surface, which is rigid and consists of one part or parts which can be arched.
7. Apparatus for creping paper according to claim 2, in which the paper is retarded between a braking surface consisting of rotating rings and a system of band-like devices that are pressed against said braking surface, the rotary speed of the rotating rings bein adjustable to that of the driving roll.
8. Apparatus for creping paper according to claim 2, in which the paper is retarded between the braking surface consisting of rotating rings 6 and additional rotating rings which are pressed against said braking surface.
9. Apparatus for creping paper according to claim 2, in which the speed of both the grooved and braking rolls is variable in relation to each other.
RUDOLF HAAS.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,161,510 Nazel Nov. 23, 1915 1,911,001 Sheesley .a May 23, 1933 2,158,087 Rowe et a1. May 16, 1939 2,494,723 Rowe Jan. 17, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 896,966 France Ma 8, 1944
US162873A 1949-05-25 1950-05-19 Apparatus for creping paper Expired - Lifetime US2623572A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2623572X 1949-05-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2623572A true US2623572A (en) 1952-12-30

Family

ID=7996245

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US162873A Expired - Lifetime US2623572A (en) 1949-05-25 1950-05-19 Apparatus for creping paper

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2623572A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2814332A (en) * 1954-07-12 1957-11-26 Fiammiferi Ed Affiui Spa Fab Machine for manufacturing formed paper
US3104197A (en) * 1959-06-29 1963-09-17 Crown Zellerbach Corp Extensible paper and the process of producing the same
US3236718A (en) * 1958-07-15 1966-02-22 Samcoe Holding Corp Method of treating webs and product resulting therefrom
US4859169A (en) * 1986-11-20 1989-08-22 Richard R. Walton Web processing by longitudinal compression using matched drive disks and retarding fingers
US4921643A (en) * 1988-06-24 1990-05-01 Richard R. Walton Web processing with two mated rolls
US9649792B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2017-05-16 Velcro BVBA Forming longitudinally pleated products
US11400681B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2022-08-02 Giorgio Trani Process and apparatus for making a continuous web of fibrous material

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1161510A (en) * 1914-12-11 1915-11-23 Ralph W Nazel Corrugating-machine.
US1911001A (en) * 1930-01-24 1933-05-23 Continental Paper & Bag Corp Creping machine
US2158087A (en) * 1932-07-15 1939-05-16 Paper Service Co Apparatus for imparting stretchability to webs
FR896966A (en) * 1942-08-06 1945-03-08 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Apparatus and method for creping paper and the like
US2494723A (en) * 1940-02-19 1950-01-17 Cincinnati Ind Inc Creping corrugated papers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1161510A (en) * 1914-12-11 1915-11-23 Ralph W Nazel Corrugating-machine.
US1911001A (en) * 1930-01-24 1933-05-23 Continental Paper & Bag Corp Creping machine
US2158087A (en) * 1932-07-15 1939-05-16 Paper Service Co Apparatus for imparting stretchability to webs
US2494723A (en) * 1940-02-19 1950-01-17 Cincinnati Ind Inc Creping corrugated papers
FR896966A (en) * 1942-08-06 1945-03-08 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Apparatus and method for creping paper and the like

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2814332A (en) * 1954-07-12 1957-11-26 Fiammiferi Ed Affiui Spa Fab Machine for manufacturing formed paper
US3236718A (en) * 1958-07-15 1966-02-22 Samcoe Holding Corp Method of treating webs and product resulting therefrom
US3104197A (en) * 1959-06-29 1963-09-17 Crown Zellerbach Corp Extensible paper and the process of producing the same
US4859169A (en) * 1986-11-20 1989-08-22 Richard R. Walton Web processing by longitudinal compression using matched drive disks and retarding fingers
US4921643A (en) * 1988-06-24 1990-05-01 Richard R. Walton Web processing with two mated rolls
US9649792B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2017-05-16 Velcro BVBA Forming longitudinally pleated products
US10532535B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2020-01-14 Velcro BVBA Longitudinally pleated products
US11400681B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2022-08-02 Giorgio Trani Process and apparatus for making a continuous web of fibrous material

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3104197A (en) Extensible paper and the process of producing the same
US2263712A (en) Process of and apparatus for shrinking fabrics and yarns
US3849526A (en) Method of making webs of filter material
US4921643A (en) Web processing with two mated rolls
JPS6055429B2 (en) paper folding machine
US2960145A (en) Method of and apparatus for manufacturing longitudinally folded or longitudinally arched, particularly longitudinally corrugated webs of paper, carton, cardboard, plastics or the like
US5117540A (en) Longitudinal compressive treatment of web materials
US2765514A (en) Apparatus for treating textile materials
US2623572A (en) Apparatus for creping paper
DE2413050A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPRESSIVE SHRINKAGE OF TEXTILE FABRICS AT HIGH SPEED USING AN ADJUSTABLE ELASTIC SHRINKING UNIT
US2084367A (en) Apparatus for treating cloth
US1548783A (en) Apparatus for and method of making crinkled fabric
US3630837A (en) Compacting apparatus for fibrous webs
US2668573A (en) Apparatus and process for corrugating paper
US3188372A (en) Machine and method for compacting materials
US4859169A (en) Web processing by longitudinal compression using matched drive disks and retarding fingers
USRE20970E (en) Apparatus for imparting stretchability to webs
US1809681A (en) Method of and machine for treating flexible veneered sheets
US2054214A (en) Process and apparatus for making paper
US1588732A (en) Doctor plate
US1764676A (en) Creping machine
US3220116A (en) Increasing cross machine direction extensibility of paper webs
US3768712A (en) Process for cutting sheet material
US3628409A (en) Device for cutting sheet material
US1582839A (en) Paper-crinkling machine