US2616820A - Vibratory cleansing of objects - Google Patents

Vibratory cleansing of objects Download PDF

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US2616820A
US2616820A US27079A US2707948A US2616820A US 2616820 A US2616820 A US 2616820A US 27079 A US27079 A US 27079A US 2707948 A US2707948 A US 2707948A US 2616820 A US2616820 A US 2616820A
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vibrations
deposit
cleaning
liquid
mould
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Bourgeaux Maurice Marce Eugene
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Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations

Definitions

  • the word cleaning as used in this specification is defined as the act of making clean and includes the removal of adhering matter froman object without particular regard to the nature of the matter or the composition of the object. Thus, it includes such things, as the removal of dirt, scale, and rust, or other oxides, and the removal of certain deposits formed during chemical or physico-chemical treatments from the bodies that have been treated.
  • the methods previously used to remove such deposits include washing with water or detergents, scouring with solids .or liquids, and chemical attack, to name some of the more common methods.
  • There is no limit to the size of the cleaning operations that may be undertaken by this invention which extend from tableware as exemplary of objects of moderate size, to the apparatus and metal pieces of massive size used in heavy industry.
  • the Wrds"c1eaning liquid refer to any liquid having a tendency to free adherent matter from an object. Such liquids may act as solvents, detergents, emulsifiers, and chemical or physicochemical reagents for the adherent matter, or they may act in other ways according to their own natures when employed in accordance with this invention, and when so employed will beef increased effectiveness.
  • Another object of the invention is to construct apparatus capable of efliciently carrying out the new methods of cleaning
  • n r y sp a n by s bmitti an PM??? .9 be cleaned to the action of elastic vibrations of hi h requ c t sa vi t qn b i g pr fer.- ably ultra-sonoric.
  • the vibrations may be ap- 5 plied directly to the object or they may be transmitted to it through the medium surrounding it, which is preferably liquid.
  • the frequency of the vibrations employed may be varied within large limits but isIwi'thin'the sonoricQultra-sonoric range.
  • the .lowestYfrequency is on the order of 500 periods per second and the highest, on the order of 190,000 periods per second. This range extends, therefore, from well within the range of audible musical sounds to an ultrasonoric rate far above cement: the human ear.
  • the order of 500 periods er second gives bad results and the order of lQQO periods per second is considered to be a-practical minimum with metal molds as used in glassmaking a preferred range is 16,000- ,to 50,000 cycles per second.
  • the medium that surrounds the piece may be provided with a chemical composition that acts upon the material constituting the deposit. This permits, in the cleaning of the object and the removal of the deposit, the superimposing of the chemical action of the surrounding medium upon the mechanical action of the vibrations.
  • the medium surrounding the object to be cleaned is a liquid
  • the liquid so that it will facilitate the action of the vibrations, either for example, by wetting the deposit and thus making its removal easier, or by dissolving the deposit, or by causing it to enter into an emulsion, or by reacting chemically or physico-chemically on the matter constituting the deposit.
  • Apparatus may be used in accordance with the invention, employing magneto-strictive emitters of sonoric or ultrasonoric vibrations.
  • Another useful form of apparatus includes a piezo-electric emitter of ultrasonoric vibrations.
  • the object to be cleaned may itself be placed in a receptacle or vat containing a liquid which is submitted to vibrations produced by the emitter and this is a preferred form of the invention.
  • the glass industry is chosen because the moulds used in shaping glass objects are particularly subject to the accumulation of deposits and the deposits themselves have heretofore proved hard to remove.
  • the glass moulds are generally cleaned with the aid of an abrasive such as emery paper either by hand or by the employment of a cutter driven, for example, by a Bowden wire.
  • the abrasive has for its object to remove the deposits of rust or of scale that are present on the mould and which in the case of scale result from the incomplete combustion of the lubricating oil.
  • the abrasive has in practice the inconvenience of grinding away some of the metal constituting the mould.
  • the object to be cleaned for instance a perfume bottle mould
  • the object to be cleaned is subjected to elastic vibrations in the range specified which are applied directly or preferably through a cleaning liquid.
  • the frequency of the vibrations may vary throughout large limits, but a frequency of 20,000 periods per second gives good results in practice both as to speed of operation, quality of work, quantity of energy consumed, and the silent operation of the apparatus. The operation is quick, complete, silent, and the energy consumed is moderate.
  • the liquid employed may be water, an aqueous acid solution, an aqueous basic solution, or a neutral aqueous solution; it is also equally possible to employ with advantage diverse products, such as for example, gasoline, mineral oil, benzine, and carbon tetrachloride.
  • a particular liquid is known to have a detergent effect in connection with removal of a particular foreign body, it is useful to employ such a solution in the process of this invention. For instance prior art pickling solutions when employed in this process are of increased effectiveness when employed in accordance with this invention.
  • the treatment according to the invention may be employed in advancing chemical reactions between liquids and solids, and this may be done at the same time as the cleaning of the mould, by choosing appropriate solutions, or thereafter.
  • the inventor has shown that the vibrations described facilitate such chemical reactions.
  • phosphoric acid solutions containing up to 45 cubic centimeters of 60 B. phosphoric acid per liter have been employed to clean a glass mould and at the same time to accomplish the phosphatation of its walls.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus embodying the principles of the invention, dia grammatically displayed.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section through another form of apparatus.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section through yet another form of apparatus.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show vertical sectional views of apparatus having vatsadapted to produce elastic vibrations of the type specified by means of emitters operating on principles of magneto-striction.
  • the apparatus of Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows apparatus designed to produce ultra-sonoric frequencies by the aid of a piezo-electric emitter.
  • l is a receptacle or vat containing a liquid 2 beneath which is an emitter 3 operating on principles of magneto-striction.
  • the emitter is constructed of a laminated bar ll made of nickel or some other magneto-strictive alloy. Around this bar are disposed a coil 4 through which a direct current can be passed and which will serveto produce a constant magnetic field when the current is turned on, and a coil 5 which is served by an alternating current which acts to produce a variable magnetic field which is superimposed on the constant field.
  • Armatures 0 of magnetic metal enclose the two coils, and prevent the dispersion of the lines of force of the coils into the air.
  • the extremities 7 and 3 of the bar 3 are vibrated in the direction of the arrows f and g at the frequency of the alternating current used.
  • the bar 3 With the object of increasing by resonance the vibratory amplitude of the bar, one gives to the bar 3 a length equal to the length of the wave of the vibration produced.
  • Fig. 2 the numerals employed have the same significance described hereinabove, but in this figure the laminated bar 3, which also has the half length of the wave of vibration produced, is attached at its upper part 'i to the bottom of the vat while there has been attached to its base a bar 317. Therefore, there exists in the plane 1 of Fig. 2 a surface that vibrates in the direction of the arrows h and which communicates its vibrations to the bottom of the vat.
  • a piezoelectric emitter which is made of a piece-electric substance such as a sheet of quartz, for example.
  • the piezo-electric emitter is placed inside a vat 1 preferably made of a material not conductive of electricity, such vat being filled with a liquid 2, the emitter being fixed by any suitable means such as, for example, the screws shown at 25 in the figure.
  • the current is led to the lower face 24 of the emitter through the piston 26 set on a rod 2'! said piston may be brought by a convenient controlling means to a small distance from said lower face.
  • the rod 2? is connected to a current supply line '20.
  • the current is led to the upper face 23 of the emitter through a basket 29 containing the articles 30 to be cleaned, said basket being connected to current supply line 3!.
  • the basket may also be brought by a convenient controlling means to a small distance from the upper face 23 of the emitter.
  • a general ad a-ntage of the invention is in the cleaning of objects of sort whatever.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is in the glass making industry in the cleaning of moulds.
  • the apparatus diagrammatically displayed is not difficult to construct and is efficient in operation. The extreme frequencies in the range described are useful in particular circumstances whereas the medium frequencies are of general utility.
  • the method of cleaning a metal object of an adhering hard deposit of different constitution, and of restoring it to its original form and size by removal of said deposit that comprises immersing the metal object in a liquid, and subjecting the liquid contacting the object to undamped elastic vibrations propagating themselves inside of said deposit and deflecting themselves at least partially towards the inside of said deposit on the metallic surface to which the deposit adheres, said vibrations having a periodicity circa 20,000 periods per second, the values of the frequency and energy of said vibrations being chosen so as to create inside said deposit instantaneous mechanical strains greater than the rupture limits thereof.
  • the method of cleaning a dense and rigid object having an adhering hard deposit of different acoustic impedance that includes the steps of transforming an alternating current to an electromagnetic pulsation, transforming the electromagnetic pulsation to mechanical vibration within a liquid, and subjecting the object to the mechanical action of the liquid, the said current being selected and arranged to produce a magnetic pulsation rate, and the pulsation rate a vibration rate, in a wide range about 20,000 cycles per second.
  • the method of cleaning a metallic glass mould of a solid deposit gathered in molding glass comprising immersing said mould in a liquid, and subjecting the liquid contacting the mould to undamped elastic vibrations propagating themselves inside of said deposit, and reflecting themselves at least partially towards the inside of said deposit on the surface of the mould, said vibrations having a periodicity circa 20,000 periods per second, the values of the frequency and energy of said vibrations being chosen so as to create inside said deposits instantaneous mechanical strains greater than the rupture limit thereof.
  • the method of cleaning and phosphating a metal object that includes the step of subjecting the object to elastic, mechanical vibrations in the range between 16,000 and 50,000 periods per second in contact with phosphoric acid solution.
  • the method of cleaning and phosphating a metallic glass mold that includes the step of subjecting the mold to mechanical vibrations in the range between 16,000 and 50,000 periods per second in contact with phosphoric acid solution containing 45 cubic centimeters per liter of 60 B. H3PO4.
  • the method of cleaning a rigid impervious body comprising a foreign deposit that includes the steps of subjecting the body to mechanical vibrations in a broad range about 20,000 periods per second in contact with a cleaning liquid comprising a detergent.
  • the method of cleaning a rigid, impervious body of an adhering foreign deposit that comprises subjecting such body to elastic vibrations in a cleaning liquid, propagating themselves inside of said deposit and reflecting themselves at least partially towards the inside of said deposit on the surface to which the deposit adheres, said vibrations having a periodicity circa 20,000 period-s per second, the values of the frequency and energy of said vibrations being chosen so as to create inside said deposit instantaneous mechanical strains greater than the rupture limits thereof.

Description

INVENTOR. Way/Pm: WA/PCZL foam 5 Boummux ATTOP/VLJ/ M. M. E. BOURGEAUX VIBRATORY CLEANSING OF OBJECTS Flled May 14 1948 Patented Nov. 4, 1952 UNITED STATE-13 r c a FFl-CE VIBBA'EORY CLEANSING OF QBJECTS Application May 14, 1948, Serial No. 27,079 In France May 19, 1947 11 C aims- 1 This invention relates to the cleaning of deposits present on objects, particularly on. metallic objects. These. deposits may have been made intentionally, for example, by the application of protective coatings, or they may have been produced naturally or accidentally, for example as a. consequence, of the pieces remaining in a wet or oxidizing atmosphere, or by reason of the employment of pieces at elevated temperature,
or particularly, they may have been made in the presence of water containing salts, or in the presence of a lubricant. Consequently, the word cleaning as used in this specification is defined as the act of making clean and includes the removal of adhering matter froman object without particular regard to the nature of the matter or the composition of the object. Thus, it includes such things, as the removal of dirt, scale, and rust, or other oxides, and the removal of certain deposits formed during chemical or physico-chemical treatments from the bodies that have been treated. The methods previously used to remove such deposits include washing with water or detergents, scouring with solids .or liquids, and chemical attack, to name some of the more common methods. There is no limit to the size of the cleaning operations that may be undertaken by this invention, which extend from tableware as exemplary of objects of moderate size, to the apparatus and metal pieces of massive size used in heavy industry.
The Wrds"c1eaning liquid refer to any liquid having a tendency to free adherent matter from an object. Such liquids may act as solvents, detergents, emulsifiers, and chemical or physicochemical reagents for the adherent matter, or they may act in other ways according to their own natures when employed in accordance with this invention, and when so employed will beef increased effectiveness.
It has heretofore been proposed to agitate cleaning liquids in contact with the object to be cleaned or to project the cleaning liquid upon such object. This invention is not related to such agitating of the liquid about the object or the object within the liquid, but deals with phenomena of different sort.
It is a general object of the invention to clean objects with increased eificiencyby new methods, or by new methods combined with old methods by which the older methods are improved.
Another object of the invention is to construct apparatus capable of efliciently carrying out the new methods of cleaning,
The objects of the invention are accomplished,
(Cl. lid-6.15)
n r y sp a n by s bmitti an PM??? .9 be cleaned to the action of elastic vibrations of hi h requ c t sa vi t qn b i g pr fer.- ably ultra-sonoric. The vibrations may be ap- 5 plied directly to the object or they may be transmitted to it through the medium surrounding it, which is preferably liquid.
e an o c coat wit dGPQr ii t jected to the action of such elastic vibrationsof h h fre ue c e d sits wn e and. a e 9etach d e ou h he ma be s tua d in cavities, such as for example, grooves, inscriptions, or screw thre ads. This cleaning-is genr l b e ra dl It h be??? dem??- strated, on the other hand, that the mate 'al constituting; the object itself remains pra intact, contrary to that which has taken p ce when the removal of the deposit was effectuated by the usual methods, for instance soon brushing, and scraping. All the details. 0 the object, it is to be particularly noted, retai contours perfectly. The volume of cavities present in the piece remain constant. This 'is'of great ed n in ma industr e Pa ch i l he shaping of glass, of plastic or offmet'al ob During the moulding a portion'of the o ect shaped is apt to adhere tqthe mouldjah'dQthe mould itselfv is worn away in removing the, deposits. However, after the treatment with elastic vibrations the object presents walls that are perfectly clean and thatretain' massag ng-1 shape even as to fine lines. one is dealing with a machined object the aspectbf the, walls after cleaning by the new method is comparable to that it possessed immediate1y1aftenthe machining and before itsuse'. L
The frequency of the vibrations employedmay be varied within large limits but isIwi'thin'the sonoricQultra-sonoric range. The .lowestYfrequency is on the order of 500 periods per second and the highest, on the order of 190,000 periods per second. This range extends, therefore, from well within the range of audible musical sounds to an ultrasonoric rate far above cement: the human ear. The order of 500 periods er second gives bad results and the order of lQQO periods per second is considered to be a-practical minimum with metal molds as used in glassmaking a preferred range is 16,000- ,to 50,000 cycles per second.
The inventor has observed that it is practically useful to employ ultra-sonoric vibrations .of medium frequency and even to operate -on. .the border of the audible range. Thus, particularly advantageous results have been attained with a frequency of about 20,000 periods per second; such operations have been carried out with rapidity and to a particularly complete cleansing of the object. Furthermore, at such frequencies the quantity of energy consumed is moderate and the action of the apparatus is silent.
In accordance with one of the characteristics of the invention, the medium that surrounds the piece may be provided with a chemical composition that acts upon the material constituting the deposit. This permits, in the cleaning of the object and the removal of the deposit, the superimposing of the chemical action of the surrounding medium upon the mechanical action of the vibrations.
When the medium surrounding the object to be cleaned is a liquid, and this is the preferred form of the invention, it is possible to choose the liquid so that it will facilitate the action of the vibrations, either for example, by wetting the deposit and thus making its removal easier, or by dissolving the deposit, or by causing it to enter into an emulsion, or by reacting chemically or physico-chemically on the matter constituting the deposit.
It is possible to carry out the invention by any means that will cause elastic vibrations of high frequency to act upon the object directly or through a surrounding medium. Apparatus may be used in accordance with the invention, employing magneto-strictive emitters of sonoric or ultrasonoric vibrations. Another useful form of apparatus includes a piezo-electric emitter of ultrasonoric vibrations. The object to be cleaned may itself be placed in a receptacle or vat containing a liquid which is submitted to vibrations produced by the emitter and this is a preferred form of the invention.
In selecting from the wide fields of industry to which this invention is applicable, one field to be employed as illustrative, the glass industry is chosen because the moulds used in shaping glass objects are particularly subject to the accumulation of deposits and the deposits themselves have heretofore proved hard to remove. The glass moulds are generally cleaned with the aid of an abrasive such as emery paper either by hand or by the employment of a cutter driven, for example, by a Bowden wire. The abrasive has for its object to remove the deposits of rust or of scale that are present on the mould and which in the case of scale result from the incomplete combustion of the lubricating oil. The abrasive has in practice the inconvenience of grinding away some of the metal constituting the mould. The sharp angles of the mould are rapidly worn away so that the objects produced'by the mould no longer present the original sharp detail. Especially, seams and lines in the mould soon impart to the object moulded an inacceptable outline while the interior capacity of the mould increases until it exceeds the tolerances imposed by the customer. That process of cleaning furthermore does not permit the proper cleaning of the intaglios and other details present in the mould, such for example, as inscriptions and screw threads. The process according to the invention overcomes all these conditions.
In applying the invention to metal moulds used in glass manufacture, the object to be cleaned, for instance a perfume bottle mould, is subjected to elastic vibrations in the range specified which are applied directly or preferably through a cleaning liquid. The frequency of the vibrations may vary throughout large limits, but a frequency of 20,000 periods per second gives good results in practice both as to speed of operation, quality of work, quantity of energy consumed, and the silent operation of the apparatus. The operation is quick, complete, silent, and the energy consumed is moderate.
The liquid employed may be water, an aqueous acid solution, an aqueous basic solution, or a neutral aqueous solution; it is also equally possible to employ with advantage diverse products, such as for example, gasoline, mineral oil, benzine, and carbon tetrachloride. In general, if a particular liquid is known to have a detergent effect in connection with removal of a particular foreign body, it is useful to employ such a solution in the process of this invention. For instance prior art pickling solutions when employed in this process are of increased effectiveness when employed in accordance with this invention.
The experiments carried out by the inventor have shown that when a glass makers mould is subjected to the action of elastic vibrations in the sonoric or ultra-sonoric range, the vibrations being applied directly or transmitted by a liquid, rust and scale crumble at once and fall away from the object. This result is obtained rapidly and the metal constituting the mould remains practically intact. The process in accordance with the invention thus accomplishes by a short treatment cleaning of a mould so that its Walls are perfectly clean and have not been subjected to appreciable attack. The appearance of the walls is fully comparable to that which they possessed at the finish of the machining operation by which they were produced. The surfaces thus obtained are particularly suited to receive a protective revetment. The treatment according to the invention may be employed in advancing chemical reactions between liquids and solids, and this may be done at the same time as the cleaning of the mould, by choosing appropriate solutions, or thereafter. Thus, the inventor has shown that the vibrations described facilitate such chemical reactions. For instance, phosphoric acid solutions containing up to 45 cubic centimeters of 60 B. phosphoric acid per liter have been employed to clean a glass mould and at the same time to accomplish the phosphatation of its walls.
The following examples, in connection with the accompanying drawings, illustrate the methods and particular apparatus that are advantageous in carrying out the methods.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus embodying the principles of the invention, dia grammatically displayed.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through another form of apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through yet another form of apparatus.
Figs. 1 and 2 show vertical sectional views of apparatus having vatsadapted to produce elastic vibrations of the type specified by means of emitters operating on principles of magneto-striction. The apparatus of Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows apparatus designed to produce ultra-sonoric frequencies by the aid of a piezo-electric emitter.
In the different figures like numerals apply to similar objects. Referring first to Fig. l, l is a receptacle or vat containing a liquid 2 beneath which is an emitter 3 operating on principles of magneto-striction. The emitter is constructed of a laminated bar ll made of nickel or some other magneto-strictive alloy. Around this bar are disposed a coil 4 through which a direct current can be passed and which will serveto produce a constant magnetic field when the current is turned on, and a coil 5 which is served by an alternating current which acts to produce a variable magnetic field which is superimposed on the constant field. Armatures 0 of magnetic metal enclose the two coils, and prevent the dispersion of the lines of force of the coils into the air. Because of the variations in magnetic field the extremities 7 and 3 of the bar 3 are vibrated in the direction of the arrows f and g at the frequency of the alternating current used. With the object of increasing by resonance the vibratory amplitude of the bar, one gives to the bar 3 a length equal to the length of the wave of the vibration produced. As shown in Fig. 1, there may be fixed to the two extremities of the bar 3, for example by solder, two bars 311 and 32) made of any metal at all and provided with a convenient length in order to transmit vibrations to the liquid 2 by the end 0 of the bar 3a. From this it results that the plane 0 vibrates in the direction of the arrows f. It is possible to mechanically fix the bar with relation to a nodal plane illustrated at [2 in Figure 1.
In Fig. 2 the numerals employed have the same significance described hereinabove, but in this figure the laminated bar 3, which also has the half length of the wave of vibration produced, is attached at its upper part 'i to the bottom of the vat while there has been attached to its base a bar 317. Therefore, there exists in the plane 1 of Fig. 2 a surface that vibrates in the direction of the arrows h and which communicates its vibrations to the bottom of the vat.
In Fig. 3, there has been shown at 22 a piezoelectric emitter which is made of a piece-electric substance such as a sheet of quartz, for example. There is constituted between the upper face 23 and the lower face 24 of the emitter an alternative difference of potential such that the emitter is put in vibration in the direction of the arrows i at the frequency of the current employed.
The piezo-electric emitter is placed inside a vat 1 preferably made of a material not conductive of electricity, such vat being filled with a liquid 2, the emitter being fixed by any suitable means such as, for example, the screws shown at 25 in the figure. The current is led to the lower face 24 of the emitter through the piston 26 set on a rod 2'! said piston may be brought by a convenient controlling means to a small distance from said lower face. The rod 2? is connected to a current supply line '20. The current is led to the upper face 23 of the emitter through a basket 29 containing the articles 30 to be cleaned, said basket being connected to current supply line 3!. The basket may also be brought by a convenient controlling means to a small distance from the upper face 23 of the emitter.
A general ad a-ntage of the invention is in the cleaning of objects of sort whatever. A particular advantage of the invention is in the glass making industry in the cleaning of moulds. The apparatus diagrammatically displayed is not difficult to construct and is efficient in operation. The extreme frequencies in the range described are useful in particular circumstances whereas the medium frequencies are of general utility.
As many apparently widely different embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, except as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
l. The method of cleaning a metal object of an adhering hard deposit of different constitution, and of restoring it to its original form and size by removal of said deposit, that comprises immersing the metal object in a liquid, and subjecting the liquid contacting the object to undamped elastic vibrations propagating themselves inside of said deposit and deflecting themselves at least partially towards the inside of said deposit on the metallic surface to which the deposit adheres, said vibrations having a periodicity circa 20,000 periods per second, the values of the frequency and energy of said vibrations being chosen so as to create inside said deposit instantaneous mechanical strains greater than the rupture limits thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the vibrations are within the range of 16,000 to 50,000 periods per second.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the vibrations transmitted to the material of the deposit have a vibratory energy of about 2 watts or above per square centimeter of the acting surface of the used generator of waves.
e. The method of claim 2 in which the liquid is itself capable of acting on the deposit.
5. The method of claim 4 in which the liquid has detergent properties.
6. The method of cleaning a dense and rigid object having an adhering hard deposit of different acoustic impedance, that includes the steps of transforming an alternating current to an electromagnetic pulsation, transforming the electromagnetic pulsation to mechanical vibration within a liquid, and subjecting the object to the mechanical action of the liquid, the said current being selected and arranged to produce a magnetic pulsation rate, and the pulsation rate a vibration rate, in a wide range about 20,000 cycles per second.
'7. The method of cleaning a metallic glass mould of a solid deposit gathered in molding glass, comprising immersing said mould in a liquid, and subjecting the liquid contacting the mould to undamped elastic vibrations propagating themselves inside of said deposit, and reflecting themselves at least partially towards the inside of said deposit on the surface of the mould, said vibrations having a periodicity circa 20,000 periods per second, the values of the frequency and energy of said vibrations being chosen so as to create inside said deposits instantaneous mechanical strains greater than the rupture limit thereof.
8. The method of cleaning and phosphating a metal object that includes the step of subjecting the object to elastic, mechanical vibrations in the range between 16,000 and 50,000 periods per second in contact with phosphoric acid solution.
9. The method of cleaning and phosphating a metallic glass mold that includes the step of subjecting the mold to mechanical vibrations in the range between 16,000 and 50,000 periods per second in contact with phosphoric acid solution containing 45 cubic centimeters per liter of 60 B. H3PO4.
10. The method of cleaning a rigid impervious body comprising a foreign deposit that includes the steps of subjecting the body to mechanical vibrations in a broad range about 20,000 periods per second in contact with a cleaning liquid comprising a detergent.
11. The method of cleaning a rigid, impervious body of an adhering foreign deposit that comprises subjecting such body to elastic vibrations in a cleaning liquid, propagating themselves inside of said deposit and reflecting themselves at least partially towards the inside of said deposit on the surface to which the deposit adheres, said vibrations having a periodicity circa 20,000 period-s per second, the values of the frequency and energy of said vibrations being chosen so as to create inside said deposit instantaneous mechanical strains greater than the rupture limits thereof.
MAURICE .MARCEL EUGENE BOURGEAUX.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,290,476 Allen Jan. 7, 1919 1,738,565 Claypoole Dec. 10, 1929 2,075,237 Sexton Mar. 30, 1937 2,118,480 Somes May 24, 1938 2,246,165 Dawihl et a1 June 17, 1941 2,258,894 Janco Oct. 14, 1941 2,468,550 Fruth Apr. 26, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 213,620 Switzerland May 16, 1941

Claims (2)

  1. 8. THE METHOD OF CLEANING AND PHOSPHATING A METAL OBJECT THAT INCLUDES THE STEP OF SUBJECTING THE OBJECT TO ELASTIC, MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN THE RANGE BETWEEN 16,000 AND 50,000 PERIODS PER SECOND IN CONTACT WITH PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTION.
  2. 11. THE METHOD OF CLEANING A RIGID, IMPERVIOUS BODY OF AN ADHERING FOREGIN DEPOSIT THAT COMPRISES SUBJECTING SUCH BODY TO ELASTIC VIBRATIONS IN A CLEANING LIQUID, PROPAGATING THEMSELVES INSIDE OF SAID DEPOSIT AND REFLECTING THEMSELVES AT LEAST PARTIALLY TOWARDS THE INSIDE OF SAID DEPOSIT ON THE SURFACE TO WHICH THE DEPOSIT ADHERES, SAID VIBRATIONS HAVING A PERIODICITY CIRCA 20,000 PERIODS PER SECOND, THE VALUES OF THE FREQUENCY AND ENERGY OF SAID VIBRATIONS BEING CHOSEN SO AS TO CREATE INSIDE SAID DEPOSIT INSTANTANEOUS MECHANICAL STRAINS GREATER THAN THE RUPTURE LIMITS THEREOF.
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Cited By (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2724393A (en) * 1952-07-05 1955-11-22 Heise Hermann Cleaning devices for dental instruments
US2760501A (en) * 1953-09-28 1956-08-28 Gruen Watch Co Apparatus for cleaning parts of horological instruments
US2771086A (en) * 1954-10-12 1956-11-20 Detrex Corp Apparatus for treatment with solvents
US2779695A (en) * 1954-11-15 1957-01-29 Bendix Aviat Corp Ball bearing assembly cleaner
US2802758A (en) * 1954-06-10 1957-08-13 Detrex Corp Method of cleaning
US2802476A (en) * 1954-06-10 1957-08-13 Detrex Corp Cleaning apparatus
US2814575A (en) * 1954-08-13 1957-11-26 Hodes Lange Corp Method and apparatus for cleaning ampoules with the aid of ultrasonic vibration
US2828114A (en) * 1950-09-22 1958-03-25 Raudszus Oswald Device for producing relative movements between a liquid and articles immersed in the same
US2842143A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-07-08 Detrex Chem Ind Apparatus for ultrasonic cleaning of parts with a solvent
US2852417A (en) * 1954-06-17 1958-09-16 Detrex Corp Cleaning method and apparatus
US2854012A (en) * 1954-01-15 1958-09-30 Telephonics Corp Sonic energy apparatus
US2860646A (en) * 1954-04-01 1958-11-18 Zucker Jacques Apparatus for the cleaning of metal parts
US2888939A (en) * 1955-03-14 1959-06-02 Nitsche Karl Paul Wolfgang Apparatus for cleaning or similar treatment of metallic articles
US2894860A (en) * 1953-07-30 1959-07-14 Capito & Klein Ag Method of de-scaling of metals by pickling
US2896649A (en) * 1957-11-19 1959-07-28 Faidley Hunter Clayton Apparatus for cleaning by ultrasonic vibrations
US2896646A (en) * 1954-05-05 1959-07-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Machine for vibration treatment of surfaces
US2900038A (en) * 1957-02-01 1959-08-18 Detrex Chem Ind Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
US2919215A (en) * 1952-02-21 1959-12-29 Thermofrigor Sa Apparatus for vibrating liquids
US2930913A (en) * 1957-10-02 1960-03-29 Bendix Aviat Corp Transducers for generating vibrations in liquids
US2941908A (en) * 1955-08-01 1960-06-21 Bendix Aviat Corp Ultrasonic cleaning method and apparatus
US2949121A (en) * 1956-10-03 1960-08-16 Detrex Chem Ind Cleaning apparatus
US2962695A (en) * 1955-05-13 1960-11-29 Harris Transducer Corp Resonant low-frequency transducer
US2994332A (en) * 1958-04-11 1961-08-01 Acoustica Associates Inc Apparatus for ultrasonic cleaning
US3025793A (en) * 1958-05-07 1962-03-20 Miehle Goss Dexter Inc Method and apparatus for changing inks in printing press fountains
US3033710A (en) * 1957-03-12 1962-05-08 Branson Instr Method of surface cleaning using ultrasonic energy
US3053338A (en) * 1959-10-30 1962-09-11 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Acoustic transducers
US3079209A (en) * 1960-05-24 1963-02-26 Marble Products Company Of Geo Dyeing natural stones and shells with oil soluble dyes
US3101089A (en) * 1961-12-19 1963-08-20 Oakland Metal Fabricators Inc Golf club cleaning machine
US3115885A (en) * 1962-06-25 1963-12-31 Gen Electric Tub for article washing machine
US3144361A (en) * 1955-11-10 1964-08-11 Klinghoffer Stefan Pretreating iron or steel
US3233837A (en) * 1963-05-13 1966-02-08 Hi Speed Blending And Mixing C Grinder-blenders
US3301535A (en) * 1966-01-04 1967-01-31 American Sterilizer Co Ultrasonic washing machine and transducer therefor
US3322573A (en) * 1965-01-19 1967-05-30 Oakite Prod Inc Metal cleaning compositions and method and baths therefor
US3367798A (en) * 1965-01-19 1968-02-06 Oakite Prod Inc Metal cleaning compositions, baths and method
US3387985A (en) * 1963-09-10 1968-06-11 Landis & Gyr Ag Method of producing permanently lubricated bearings
US3399869A (en) * 1967-08-31 1968-09-03 Walter J. Loria Liquid agitating device
US3505103A (en) * 1965-04-22 1970-04-07 Gen Motors Corp Method for metal wetting liners
US3517674A (en) * 1965-06-28 1970-06-30 Gen Electric Rupture of adhesive bonds
US3524768A (en) * 1964-05-29 1970-08-18 Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd Method of treating plastic film for electric insulation
US3633877A (en) * 1969-09-11 1972-01-11 Albert G Bodine Inductive cavitator
US3762368A (en) * 1970-04-14 1973-10-02 Siemens Ag Solder bath for flux-free tinning
US4122603A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-10-31 The Gillette Company Processes for treating cutting edges
US4122602A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-10-31 The Gillette Company Processes for treating cutting edges
US4294805A (en) * 1978-08-09 1981-10-13 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Method of leaching the contents of a can
US4367098A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-01-04 Mccord James W Process for ultrasonic cleaning using two immiscible fluids
US4668384A (en) * 1983-01-31 1987-05-26 Holman Paul D Washing unit for cartridge filters and method therefor
US5641228A (en) * 1995-06-01 1997-06-24 Planisol, Inc. Transducer mounting assembly
US5665141A (en) * 1988-03-30 1997-09-09 Arjo Hospital Equipment Ab Ultrasonic treatment process
US5707453A (en) * 1994-11-22 1998-01-13 United Technologies Corporation Method of cleaning internal cavities of an airfoil
US5803099A (en) * 1994-11-14 1998-09-08 Matsumura Oil Research Corp. Ultrasonic cleaning machine
US5803978A (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-09-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method of removing blades from a turbo machine
US5906686A (en) * 1997-11-18 1999-05-25 Lucent Technologies Inc. Fiber optic connector cleaning process
EP1213370A2 (en) * 2000-12-05 2002-06-12 General Electric Company Method and composition for cleaning a turbine engine component
US20040033050A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-02-19 Steve Lytle Fiber-optic endface cleaning apparatus and method
US6821025B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2004-11-23 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning assembly and method

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US1738565A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-12-10 Texas Co Method and apparatus for utilizing high-frequency sound waves
US2075237A (en) * 1933-05-16 1937-03-30 George L Sexton Method of cleaning water conduits
US2118480A (en) * 1934-11-08 1938-05-24 Howard E Somes Method of treating metals or metallic articles
CH213620A (en) * 1938-09-19 1941-02-28 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process to prevent scale formation on iron workpieces.
US2246165A (en) * 1938-08-27 1941-06-17 Gen Electric Method for producing sintered hard metal from pulverulent materials
US2258894A (en) * 1940-05-13 1941-10-14 Reed Roller Bit Co Method of hard surfacing metal bodies
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1290476A (en) * 1917-01-08 1919-01-07 William H Allen Rust-proofing coating for iron and steel.
US1738565A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-12-10 Texas Co Method and apparatus for utilizing high-frequency sound waves
US2075237A (en) * 1933-05-16 1937-03-30 George L Sexton Method of cleaning water conduits
US2118480A (en) * 1934-11-08 1938-05-24 Howard E Somes Method of treating metals or metallic articles
US2246165A (en) * 1938-08-27 1941-06-17 Gen Electric Method for producing sintered hard metal from pulverulent materials
CH213620A (en) * 1938-09-19 1941-02-28 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process to prevent scale formation on iron workpieces.
US2258894A (en) * 1940-05-13 1941-10-14 Reed Roller Bit Co Method of hard surfacing metal bodies
US2468550A (en) * 1944-10-27 1949-04-26 Motorola Inc Method of and apparatus for cleaning by ultrasonic waves

Cited By (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2828114A (en) * 1950-09-22 1958-03-25 Raudszus Oswald Device for producing relative movements between a liquid and articles immersed in the same
US2919215A (en) * 1952-02-21 1959-12-29 Thermofrigor Sa Apparatus for vibrating liquids
US2724393A (en) * 1952-07-05 1955-11-22 Heise Hermann Cleaning devices for dental instruments
US2894860A (en) * 1953-07-30 1959-07-14 Capito & Klein Ag Method of de-scaling of metals by pickling
US2760501A (en) * 1953-09-28 1956-08-28 Gruen Watch Co Apparatus for cleaning parts of horological instruments
US2854012A (en) * 1954-01-15 1958-09-30 Telephonics Corp Sonic energy apparatus
US2860646A (en) * 1954-04-01 1958-11-18 Zucker Jacques Apparatus for the cleaning of metal parts
US2896646A (en) * 1954-05-05 1959-07-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Machine for vibration treatment of surfaces
US2802758A (en) * 1954-06-10 1957-08-13 Detrex Corp Method of cleaning
US2802476A (en) * 1954-06-10 1957-08-13 Detrex Corp Cleaning apparatus
US2852417A (en) * 1954-06-17 1958-09-16 Detrex Corp Cleaning method and apparatus
US2814575A (en) * 1954-08-13 1957-11-26 Hodes Lange Corp Method and apparatus for cleaning ampoules with the aid of ultrasonic vibration
US2771086A (en) * 1954-10-12 1956-11-20 Detrex Corp Apparatus for treatment with solvents
US2779695A (en) * 1954-11-15 1957-01-29 Bendix Aviat Corp Ball bearing assembly cleaner
US2888939A (en) * 1955-03-14 1959-06-02 Nitsche Karl Paul Wolfgang Apparatus for cleaning or similar treatment of metallic articles
US2962695A (en) * 1955-05-13 1960-11-29 Harris Transducer Corp Resonant low-frequency transducer
US2842143A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-07-08 Detrex Chem Ind Apparatus for ultrasonic cleaning of parts with a solvent
US2941908A (en) * 1955-08-01 1960-06-21 Bendix Aviat Corp Ultrasonic cleaning method and apparatus
US3144361A (en) * 1955-11-10 1964-08-11 Klinghoffer Stefan Pretreating iron or steel
US2949121A (en) * 1956-10-03 1960-08-16 Detrex Chem Ind Cleaning apparatus
US2900038A (en) * 1957-02-01 1959-08-18 Detrex Chem Ind Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
US3033710A (en) * 1957-03-12 1962-05-08 Branson Instr Method of surface cleaning using ultrasonic energy
US2930913A (en) * 1957-10-02 1960-03-29 Bendix Aviat Corp Transducers for generating vibrations in liquids
US2896649A (en) * 1957-11-19 1959-07-28 Faidley Hunter Clayton Apparatus for cleaning by ultrasonic vibrations
US2994332A (en) * 1958-04-11 1961-08-01 Acoustica Associates Inc Apparatus for ultrasonic cleaning
US3025793A (en) * 1958-05-07 1962-03-20 Miehle Goss Dexter Inc Method and apparatus for changing inks in printing press fountains
US3053338A (en) * 1959-10-30 1962-09-11 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Acoustic transducers
US3079209A (en) * 1960-05-24 1963-02-26 Marble Products Company Of Geo Dyeing natural stones and shells with oil soluble dyes
US3101089A (en) * 1961-12-19 1963-08-20 Oakland Metal Fabricators Inc Golf club cleaning machine
US3115885A (en) * 1962-06-25 1963-12-31 Gen Electric Tub for article washing machine
US3233837A (en) * 1963-05-13 1966-02-08 Hi Speed Blending And Mixing C Grinder-blenders
US3387985A (en) * 1963-09-10 1968-06-11 Landis & Gyr Ag Method of producing permanently lubricated bearings
US3524768A (en) * 1964-05-29 1970-08-18 Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd Method of treating plastic film for electric insulation
US3322573A (en) * 1965-01-19 1967-05-30 Oakite Prod Inc Metal cleaning compositions and method and baths therefor
US3367798A (en) * 1965-01-19 1968-02-06 Oakite Prod Inc Metal cleaning compositions, baths and method
US3505103A (en) * 1965-04-22 1970-04-07 Gen Motors Corp Method for metal wetting liners
US3517674A (en) * 1965-06-28 1970-06-30 Gen Electric Rupture of adhesive bonds
US3301535A (en) * 1966-01-04 1967-01-31 American Sterilizer Co Ultrasonic washing machine and transducer therefor
US3399869A (en) * 1967-08-31 1968-09-03 Walter J. Loria Liquid agitating device
US3633877A (en) * 1969-09-11 1972-01-11 Albert G Bodine Inductive cavitator
US3762368A (en) * 1970-04-14 1973-10-02 Siemens Ag Solder bath for flux-free tinning
US4122603A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-10-31 The Gillette Company Processes for treating cutting edges
US4122602A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-10-31 The Gillette Company Processes for treating cutting edges
US4294805A (en) * 1978-08-09 1981-10-13 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Method of leaching the contents of a can
US4367098A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-01-04 Mccord James W Process for ultrasonic cleaning using two immiscible fluids
US4668384A (en) * 1983-01-31 1987-05-26 Holman Paul D Washing unit for cartridge filters and method therefor
US5665141A (en) * 1988-03-30 1997-09-09 Arjo Hospital Equipment Ab Ultrasonic treatment process
US5803099A (en) * 1994-11-14 1998-09-08 Matsumura Oil Research Corp. Ultrasonic cleaning machine
US5707453A (en) * 1994-11-22 1998-01-13 United Technologies Corporation Method of cleaning internal cavities of an airfoil
US5641228A (en) * 1995-06-01 1997-06-24 Planisol, Inc. Transducer mounting assembly
US5803978A (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-09-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method of removing blades from a turbo machine
US5906686A (en) * 1997-11-18 1999-05-25 Lucent Technologies Inc. Fiber optic connector cleaning process
EP1213370A2 (en) * 2000-12-05 2002-06-12 General Electric Company Method and composition for cleaning a turbine engine component
EP1213370A3 (en) * 2000-12-05 2002-11-27 General Electric Company Method and composition for cleaning a turbine engine component
SG97226A1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2003-07-18 Gen Electric Method and composition for cleaning a turbine engine component
US20040033050A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-02-19 Steve Lytle Fiber-optic endface cleaning apparatus and method
US6821025B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2004-11-23 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning assembly and method
US20050105859A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2005-05-19 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning assembly and method
US7147490B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2006-12-12 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning assembly and method
US7232262B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2007-06-19 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning apparatus and method
US20070196056A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2007-08-23 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning assembly and method
US20080152284A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2008-06-26 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning apparatus and method
US7566176B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2009-07-28 Westover Scientific, Inc. Fiber-optic endface cleaning apparatus and method

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