US2604667A - Yarn process - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2604667A
US2604667A US181092A US18109250A US2604667A US 2604667 A US2604667 A US 2604667A US 181092 A US181092 A US 181092A US 18109250 A US18109250 A US 18109250A US 2604667 A US2604667 A US 2604667A
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spinneret
spun
fiber
spinning
polyethylene terephthalate
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US181092A
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Hebeler Harold Henry
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to US181092A priority Critical patent/US2604667A/en
Priority claimed from GB1532452A external-priority patent/GB712951A/en
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/04Polyester fibers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for spinning synthetic linear polyesters and is more particularly concerned with a high-speed process for melt-spinning polyethylene terephthalate material to produce useful as-spun fibers and yarns.
  • the objects of this invention are accomplished by a process which comprises extruding a molten fiber-forming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a spinneret and pulling the extruded fibers away from the spinneret by winding up or forwarding the fibers to the next operation at a spinning speed, measured after the fibers have completely solidified, in excess of 5200 yards per minute.
  • yarns are prepared having tenacities of at least 3 grams per denier and shrinkages of about 4% or less in the as-spun state.
  • fiber-forming material is meant an ethylene terephthalate polymer which preferably has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.3, since polymers having lower intrinsic viscosities are essentially non-fiber forming.
  • the expression intrinsic viscosity is used herein as a measure of the degree of polymerization of the polyester and may be defined as wherein r is the viscosity of a dilute solution of the polyester in a mixture of 60 parts phenol and 40 parts tetrachloroethane, divided by the viscosity of the phenol-tetrachloroethane mixture per se, measured in the same units at the same temperature, and C is the concentration in grams of polyester per cc. of solution.
  • the fiber-forming material is principally polyethylene terephthalate, but the inclusion therein of up to 10 mol percent of modifying materials is intended whenever the expression polyethylene terephthalate material is used.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate itself is a polycondensation product of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid or an ester forming derivative thereof.
  • minor amounts of a modifying material may be added, e. g., another glycol and/or another dicarboxylic acid.
  • a suitable funicular structure comprised essentially of polyethylene terephthalate may have included in the polymer molecule up to 10 mol percent of another glycol, such as diethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, or hexamethylene glycol. Or again, the molecule may contain up to 10 mol percent of another acid.
  • suitable examples of Limit modifying acids there may be mentioned hexahydroterephthalic acid, bibenzoic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, the naphthalic acids, 2,5-dimethyl terephthallc acid and bis-p-carboxy phenoxy-ethane.
  • modifiers may be added as one of the initial reactants during the polymerization process, but the modifying materials may also be polymerized separately and then melt-blended with the polyethylene terephthalate. In either case the total amount of modifier in the final polymeric material should not exceed 10 mol percent. While the polymerization process is preferably carried out in the melt, it may also be performed in the solid phase, or in solution or emulsion by conventional procedures. An explanation of suitable polymerization processes for the type of polyesters comprehended herein is contained in United States Patent No. 2,465,319 to Whinfield and Dickson.
  • spinning speed is meant the speed of the yarn at a point after complete solidification has occurred when no more reduction in denier is being observed.
  • a convenient point for determining this speed is at the wind-up or forwarding regions. It will be obvious that the speed of an extruded polymer stream will not be the same while in the fluid or semi-fluid state as it is at the wind-up or forwarding place.
  • the polymer prepared by a conventional polymerization process, is cooled, broken into chips and dried. The chips are then melted on a heated grid and pumped by means of a metering pump of the type commonly :used in the synthetic textile industry through a filter pack and spinneret orifices into room temperature air.
  • the extruded filaments cool and solidify by passage through the air and are subjected after solidification to a means for forwarding them at speeds in excess of 5200 yards per minute.
  • the forwarding means may comprise a high speed wheel, roll or pinch rolls, an air jet or other suitable means.
  • the filaments Under the impetus imposed by the forwarding means, the filaments elongate in the distance between the spinneret face and the point of complete solidification.
  • the inertia of the material and the drag of the surrounding air apparently supplies sufficient tension in the form of drag on the filaments to induce orientation of the polymer molecules in the solidification range.
  • no useful orientation takes place until the filamentary streams begin to solidify.
  • the filaments for several inches from the spinneret appear to be just dangling from the spinneret.
  • the filaments In the solidification range, the filaments can be seen to accelerate and become taut fibers, moving along their length at high speeds. The phenomenon can further be detected byfeeling the air dragged along with the filaments beginning at the solidification range. It is the orientation that takes place at this point which accounts for the useful properties of the yarn spun by the process of this invention.
  • the spinning speed can be increased up to speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs.
  • the upper limit is about 6500 yards per minute.
  • the spinning speed can also be higher without excessive filament breaking at the spinneret.
  • the upper practical limit for extrusion rate is about 41,000 denyards per spinneret hole.
  • the spinning speeds essential in the process of this invention may be obtained by several methods. There may be used a driven bobbin, a high s eed pirn take-up, or an air jet may be used as a tensiom'ng and forwarding device so that the yarn can be forwarded directly to a staple cutter without an intermediate wind-up.
  • the molten polymer may be extruded through a spinneret at temperatures within the range of 260 to 310 C. For optimum results this extrusion temperature should be between 280 to 295 C., although properties of the final yarn vary but little over the entire range.
  • the preferred temperature range is from 10 to 20 C. lower than copolymers of ethylene terephthalate are used, depending on the copolymer, and typically in the range of'from 270 to 285 C.
  • the resulting filaments should be allowed to travel at least 45-50 inches before they reach the forwarding means. This distance is required for complete solidification. When the distance is in the range of 30-40 inches, fused filaments often result with an otherwise standard spinning procedure because of inadequate quenching time.
  • the outstanding advantage of the present invention is that valuable polyethylene terephthalate fibers and yarns having high tenacity and low shrinkage, are produced directly in the asspun condition without the necessity of an afterdrawing operation.
  • the spinning process also operates at exceptionally high speeds. Both of these advantage contribute to increased production and a considerable saving in manpower and equipment.
  • the high tenacity, low shrinkage yarns produced by the process of this invention have great z utility in the apparel, industrial, and other fields. in water for five minutes.
  • they may be Intrinsic Extrusion Denier Percent Percent Example Viscos- Temp. 5 2 5? per flla- 3 Elon- Shrinkity (O.) ment y gation age
  • the spinning speed can be varied over a wide range above 5200 yards per minute. Lower spinning speeds in the range of from 3000 to 5200 1 yards per minute result in high shrinkage yarns of quite different properties, which spontaneously crimp to a wool-like resiliency upon heating in a relaxed condition, as disclosed in'detail in'my ..copending application, Serial No.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate yarns also find use in blanket bindings, table cloths, Slip covers, theatre curtains, sails, lace, fishing lines, chair seats, lamp shades, deck chair fabrics, shoe fabrics, upholstery both flat and plush, veilings, and velvets.
  • a process for producing tenacious as-spun fibers which comprises extruding a molten fiberforming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a spinneret, cooling the extruded material until solidified to a fiber, and pulling the extruded material away from the spinneret at a spinning speed, measured afterthe material has com pletely solidified to a fiber, in excess of 5200 yards per minute and below speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs, said extruding being at a rate in denyards equal to the product of said spinning speed and the spun denier desired;
  • a process for producing tenacious, as-spun fibers which comprises extruding, at a temperature within the range of from 260' to 310 C., a
  • molten fiber-forming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a. spinneret, cooling the extruded material until solidified to a fiber, and pulling the extruded material away from the spinneret at a spinning speed, measured after the material has completely solidified to a fiber, in excess of 5200 yards per minute and below speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs, said extruding being at a rate in denyards equal to the product of said spinning speed and the spun denier desired.
  • a process for producing tenacious, as-spun fibers which comprises extruding, at a temperature within the range of from 270 to 295 C., a molten fiber-forming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a spinneret, cooling the extruded material until solidified to a fiber, and pulling the extruded material away from the spinneret at a spinning speed, measured after the material has completely solidified to a fiber, in excess of 5200 yards per minute andbelow speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs, said extruding being at a rate in denyards equal to the product of said spinning speed and the spun denier desired.

Description

Patented July 29, 1952 YARN PROCESS Harold Henry Hebeler, Eggertsville, N. Y., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del.
No Drawing. Application August 23, 1950, Serial No. 181,092
3 Claims. 1
This invention relates to a process for spinning synthetic linear polyesters and is more particularly concerned with a high-speed process for melt-spinning polyethylene terephthalate material to produce useful as-spun fibers and yarns.
The preparation of useful synthetic linear textile fibers by previous melt-spinning processes has required the two separate operations of spinning and then drawing. Melt-spun fibers of synthetic linear polyesters and polyamides in the as-spun state havepreviously been very weak and not suitable for textile uses, except in very special applications, until drawn. The as-spun tenacities have been in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 grams per denier, at elongations of several hundred per cent. By a subsequent drawing operation, in which both orientation and crystallization occur, useful fibers are obtained having tenacities in the range of 4 to 10 grams per denier at elongations of 5 to This is generally true for synthetic yarns made from condensation or addition polymers.
It is apparent that considerable economic advantage would be achieved by providing a process which produces useful as-spun fibers. Elimination of the drawing operation subsequent to the normal spinning process would result in a considerable saving in both manpower and equipment and would speed up production considerably. Furthermore, for a given production capacity less space would be necessary, since the area currently needed for drawing yarn would be eliminated.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for. melt-spinning polyethylene terephthalate material at high speeds to produce useful as-spun high tenacity fibers and yarns having low shrinkage without the necessity of a,
subsequent drawing operation. Other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description and claims.
The objects of this invention are accomplished by a process which comprises extruding a molten fiber-forming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a spinneret and pulling the extruded fibers away from the spinneret by winding up or forwarding the fibers to the next operation at a spinning speed, measured after the fibers have completely solidified, in excess of 5200 yards per minute. By means of this process, yarns are prepared having tenacities of at least 3 grams per denier and shrinkages of about 4% or less in the as-spun state.
,By "fiber-forming material is meant an ethylene terephthalate polymer which preferably has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.3, since polymers having lower intrinsic viscosities are essentially non-fiber forming. The expression intrinsic viscosity is used herein as a measure of the degree of polymerization of the polyester and may be defined as wherein r is the viscosity of a dilute solution of the polyester in a mixture of 60 parts phenol and 40 parts tetrachloroethane, divided by the viscosity of the phenol-tetrachloroethane mixture per se, measured in the same units at the same temperature, and C is the concentration in grams of polyester per cc. of solution.
The fiber-forming material is principally polyethylene terephthalate, but the inclusion therein of up to 10 mol percent of modifying materials is intended whenever the expression polyethylene terephthalate material is used. Polyethylene terephthalate itself is a polycondensation product of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid or an ester forming derivative thereof. During the preparation of this polyester, minor amounts of a modifying material may be added, e. g., another glycol and/or another dicarboxylic acid. Thus. a suitable funicular structure comprised essentially of polyethylene terephthalate may have included in the polymer molecule up to 10 mol percent of another glycol, such as diethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, or hexamethylene glycol. Or again, the molecule may contain up to 10 mol percent of another acid. As suitable examples of Limit modifying acids, there may be mentioned hexahydroterephthalic acid, bibenzoic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, the naphthalic acids, 2,5-dimethyl terephthallc acid and bis-p-carboxy phenoxy-ethane.
These modifiers may be added as one of the initial reactants during the polymerization process, but the modifying materials may also be polymerized separately and then melt-blended with the polyethylene terephthalate. In either case the total amount of modifier in the final polymeric material should not exceed 10 mol percent. While the polymerization process is preferably carried out in the melt, it may also be performed in the solid phase, or in solution or emulsion by conventional procedures. An explanation of suitable polymerization processes for the type of polyesters comprehended herein is contained in United States Patent No. 2,465,319 to Whinfield and Dickson.
By spinning speed is meant the speed of the yarn at a point after complete solidification has occurred when no more reduction in denier is being observed. A convenient point for determining this speed is at the wind-up or forwarding regions. It will be obvious that the speed of an extruded polymer stream will not be the same while in the fluid or semi-fluid state as it is at the wind-up or forwarding place.
In preparing the useful high tenacity, low .shrinkage yarns by this invention, the following general procedure is used. The polymer, prepared by a conventional polymerization process, is cooled, broken into chips and dried. The chips are then melted on a heated grid and pumped by means of a metering pump of the type commonly :used in the synthetic textile industry through a filter pack and spinneret orifices into room temperature air. The extruded filaments cool and solidify by passage through the air and are subjected after solidification to a means for forwarding them at speeds in excess of 5200 yards per minute. The forwarding means may comprise a high speed wheel, roll or pinch rolls, an air jet or other suitable means. Under the impetus imposed by the forwarding means, the filaments elongate in the distance between the spinneret face and the point of complete solidification. The inertia of the material and the drag of the surrounding air apparently supplies sufficient tension in the form of drag on the filaments to induce orientation of the polymer molecules in the solidification range. Actually, no useful orientation takes place until the filamentary streams begin to solidify. The filaments for several inches from the spinneret appear to be just dangling from the spinneret. In the solidification range, the filaments can be seen to accelerate and become taut fibers, moving along their length at high speeds. The phenomenon can further be detected byfeeling the air dragged along with the filaments beginning at the solidification range. It is the orientation that takes place at this point which accounts for the useful properties of the yarn spun by the process of this invention.
' The properties of polyethylene terephthalate yarns spun under various conditions in accordance with the present invention are given in the table. The general procedure described was followed, with specific conditions as shown in the table. Spinning speed is given in yards per minute, tenacity is in grams per denier, and intrinsic viscosity is as defined previously. The percent shrinkage was calculated from the difference in length between fibers as-spun and boiled 4 August 23, 1950. Still lower spinning speeds produce low tenacity yarns having very high shrinkages, which approach the properties of conventional unoriented, as-spun polyesters or polyamides when the speed is reduced below 1500 yards per minute.
Above 5200 yards per minute the spinning speed can be increased up to speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs. For example, at extrusion rates of 15,000 denyards (denier times yards per minute), the upper limit is about 6500 yards per minute. At higher extrusion rates, the spinning speed can also be higher without excessive filament breaking at the spinneret. The upper practical limit for extrusion rate is about 41,000 denyards per spinneret hole.
The spinning speeds essential in the process of this invention may be obtained by several methods. There may be used a driven bobbin, a high s eed pirn take-up, or an air jet may be used as a tensiom'ng and forwarding device so that the yarn can be forwarded directly to a staple cutter without an intermediate wind-up.
The molten polymer may be extruded through a spinneret at temperatures within the range of 260 to 310 C. For optimum results this extrusion temperature should be between 280 to 295 C., although properties of the final yarn vary but little over the entire range. The preferred temperature range is from 10 to 20 C. lower than copolymers of ethylene terephthalate are used, depending on the copolymer, and typically in the range of'from 270 to 285 C.
When the molten polymer is extruded into room temperature air, the resulting filaments should be allowed to travel at least 45-50 inches before they reach the forwarding means. This distance is required for complete solidification. When the distance is in the range of 30-40 inches, fused filaments often result with an otherwise standard spinning procedure because of inadequate quenching time.
The outstanding advantage of the present invention is that valuable polyethylene terephthalate fibers and yarns having high tenacity and low shrinkage, are produced directly in the asspun condition without the necessity of an afterdrawing operation. The spinning process also operates at exceptionally high speeds. Both of these advantage contribute to increased production and a considerable saving in manpower and equipment.
The high tenacity, low shrinkage yarns produced by the process of this invention have great z utility in the apparel, industrial, and other fields. in water for five minutes. For example, in the apparel field, they may be Intrinsic Extrusion Denier Percent Percent Example Viscos- Temp. 5 2 5? per flla- 3 Elon- Shrinkity (O.) ment y gation age The spinning speed can be varied over a wide range above 5200 yards per minute. Lower spinning speeds in the range of from 3000 to 5200 1 yards per minute result in high shrinkage yarns of quite different properties, which spontaneously crimp to a wool-like resiliency upon heating in a relaxed condition, as disclosed in'detail in'my ..copending application, Serial No. 181,091, filed steam, compressed air and the like. Polyethylene terephthalate yarns also find use in blanket bindings, table cloths, Slip covers, theatre curtains, sails, lace, fishing lines, chair seats, lamp shades, deck chair fabrics, shoe fabrics, upholstery both flat and plush, veilings, and velvets.
As different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific processes disclosed except as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for producing tenacious as-spun fibers which comprises extruding a molten fiberforming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a spinneret, cooling the extruded material until solidified to a fiber, and pulling the extruded material away from the spinneret at a spinning speed, measured afterthe material has com pletely solidified to a fiber, in excess of 5200 yards per minute and below speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs, said extruding being at a rate in denyards equal to the product of said spinning speed and the spun denier desired;
2. A process for producing tenacious, as-spun fibers which comprises extruding, at a temperature within the range of from 260' to 310 C., a
molten fiber-forming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a. spinneret, cooling the extruded material until solidified to a fiber, and pulling the extruded material away from the spinneret at a spinning speed, measured after the material has completely solidified to a fiber, in excess of 5200 yards per minute and below speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs, said extruding being at a rate in denyards equal to the product of said spinning speed and the spun denier desired.
3. A process for producing tenacious, as-spun fibers which comprises extruding, at a temperature within the range of from 270 to 295 C., a molten fiber-forming material containing at least 90 mol percent of polyethylene terephthalate through a spinneret, cooling the extruded material until solidified to a fiber, and pulling the extruded material away from the spinneret at a spinning speed, measured after the material has completely solidified to a fiber, in excess of 5200 yards per minute andbelow speeds where excessive filament breakage occurs, said extruding being at a rate in denyards equal to the product of said spinning speed and the spun denier desired.
HAROLD HENRY HEBELER.
, file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Whinfield et al Mar. 22, 1949

Claims (1)

1. A PRCOESS FOR PRODUCING TENACIOUS AS-SPUN FIBERS WHICH COMPRISES EXTRUDING A MOLTEN FIBERFORMING MATERIAL CONTAINING AT LEAST 90 MOL PERCENT OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE THROUGH A SPINNERET, COOLING THE EXTRUDED MATERIAL UNTIL SOLIDIFIED TO A FIBER, AND PULLING THE EXTRUDED MATERIAL AWAY FROM THE SPINNERET AT A SPINNING SPEED, MEASURED AFTER THE MATERIAL HAS COMPLETELY SOLIDIFIED TO A FIBER IN EXCESS OF 5200 YARDS PER MINUTE AND BELOW SPEEDS WHERE EXCESSIVE FILAMENT BREAKAGE OCCURS, SAID EXTRUDING BEING AT A RATE IN DENYARDS EQUAL TO THE PRODUCT OF SAID SPINNING SPEED AND THE SPUN DENIER DESIRED.
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GB1532452A GB712951A (en) 1952-06-18 1952-06-18 A process for melt spinning polyethylene terephthalate fibres or yarns

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Cited By (43)

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US2935371A (en) * 1954-05-05 1960-05-03 Du Pont Process for interfacial spinning in which one phase contains a thickening agent
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US4107252A (en) * 1974-05-22 1978-08-15 Polysar Limited Melt spinning synthetic filaments
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US5108675A (en) * 1982-05-28 1992-04-28 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for preparing easily dyeable polyethylene terephthalate fiber
US5141700A (en) * 1986-04-30 1992-08-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Melt spinning process for polyamide industrial filaments
US5250245A (en) * 1991-01-29 1993-10-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing polyester fine filaments
US5288553A (en) * 1991-01-29 1994-02-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester fine filaments
US5407621A (en) * 1991-01-29 1995-04-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing polyester fine filaments
US5414034A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-05-09 General Electric Company Processing stabilizer formulations
US5417902A (en) * 1986-01-30 1995-05-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of making polyester mixed yarns with fine filaments
US5543102A (en) * 1993-07-22 1996-08-06 General Electric Company Melt extrusion process
US5741587A (en) * 1991-01-29 1998-04-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High filament count fine filament polyester yarns
DE19705113A1 (en) * 1997-02-12 1998-08-13 Freudenberg Carl Fa Stretching device and method for producing stretched plastic filaments
US5827464A (en) * 1991-01-29 1998-10-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Making high filament count fine filament polyester yarns
US5849231A (en) * 1993-03-29 1998-12-15 General Electric Company Melt extrusion process
US6115893A (en) * 1996-12-20 2000-09-12 Rhodia Filtec Ag Process and device for producing industrial polyester yarn
US6444151B1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2002-09-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for spinning polymeric filaments

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Cited By (48)

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US2764468A (en) * 1952-02-23 1956-09-25 Du Pont Method of preparing resilient acrylonitrile polymer fibers
US2935371A (en) * 1954-05-05 1960-05-03 Du Pont Process for interfacial spinning in which one phase contains a thickening agent
DE1078210B (en) * 1956-02-23 1960-03-24 Licentia Gmbh Laminate based on polyethylene terephthalic acid ester
US3528129A (en) * 1964-10-24 1970-09-15 Freudenberg Carl Kg Apparatus for producing nonwoven fleeces
US3539676A (en) * 1966-08-29 1970-11-10 Celanese Corp Process for producing filaments and films of polymers of alkylene sulfides
US3895090A (en) * 1968-04-09 1975-07-15 Asahi Chemical Ind Method for direct spinning of polyethylene-1,2-diphenoxyethane-p,p{40 -dicarboxylate fibers
DE1950669A1 (en) * 1969-10-08 1971-07-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Novel endless thread fleece
DE2241718A1 (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-03-08 Du Pont METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TEXTURED YARN
US4000239A (en) * 1971-12-13 1976-12-28 Teijin Limited Process for spinning naphthalate polyester fibers
US3900549A (en) * 1972-06-06 1975-08-19 Kuraray Co Method of spinning composite filaments
US4107252A (en) * 1974-05-22 1978-08-15 Polysar Limited Melt spinning synthetic filaments
DE2514874A1 (en) * 1975-04-05 1976-10-14 Zimmer Ag PROCESS FOR FAST-SPIN POLYAMIDES
DE2623904A1 (en) * 1976-05-28 1977-12-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag TEXTILE MATERIAL MADE FROM SYNTHETIC YARN
US4134882A (en) * 1976-06-11 1979-01-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Poly(ethylene terephthalate)filaments
US4195051A (en) * 1976-06-11 1980-03-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing new polyester filaments
DE2839672A1 (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-04-05 Du Pont FLAT YARN OR ELECTRIC WIRE
FR2402720A1 (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-04-06 Du Pont POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) WIRE, WICK AND DISCONTINUED FIBERS WITH IMPROVED TINCTORIAL PROPERTIES
US4237187A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-12-02 Allied Chemical Corporation Highly oriented, partially drawn, untwisted, compact poly(ε-caproamide) yarn
US4425293A (en) 1982-03-18 1984-01-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Preparation of amorphous ultra-high-speed-spun polyethylene terephthalate yarn for texturing
US5108675A (en) * 1982-05-28 1992-04-28 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for preparing easily dyeable polyethylene terephthalate fiber
US4804508A (en) * 1983-02-16 1989-02-14 Rhone-Poulenc Fibres Process for spinning polyamide at high speed
US4818456A (en) * 1983-02-16 1989-04-04 Rhone-Poulenc Fibres Simplified process for obtaining polyester yarns at high speed
US4855099A (en) * 1983-12-30 1989-08-08 Snia Fibre S.P.A. Single stage process for producing continuous polyester-based multifilament yarns at high speed
EP0173200A2 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-03-05 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft High-strength filaments for a sewng-yarn, and process for manufacturing those filaments
DE3431834A1 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-03-06 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt HIGH-STRENGTH SUPPLY THREADS FOR SEWING YARNS AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
EP0173200A3 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-05-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft High-strength filaments for a sewng-yarn, and process for manufacturing those filaments
US4668566A (en) * 1985-10-07 1987-05-26 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Multilayer nonwoven fabric made with poly-propylene and polyethylene
US4778460A (en) * 1985-10-07 1988-10-18 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Multilayer nonwoven fabric
US4753834A (en) * 1985-10-07 1988-06-28 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven web with improved softness
US5417902A (en) * 1986-01-30 1995-05-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of making polyester mixed yarns with fine filaments
US4691003A (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-09-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Uniform polymeric filaments
US5141700A (en) * 1986-04-30 1992-08-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Melt spinning process for polyamide industrial filaments
US5034182A (en) * 1986-04-30 1991-07-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Melt spinning process for polymeric filaments
US4687610A (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-08-18 E. I. Du Pont De Neumours And Company Low crystallinity polyester yarn produced at ultra high spinning speeds
US5013506A (en) * 1987-03-17 1991-05-07 Unitika Ltd. Process for producing polyester fibers
US5741587A (en) * 1991-01-29 1998-04-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High filament count fine filament polyester yarns
US5250245A (en) * 1991-01-29 1993-10-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing polyester fine filaments
US5288553A (en) * 1991-01-29 1994-02-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester fine filaments
US5407621A (en) * 1991-01-29 1995-04-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing polyester fine filaments
US5827464A (en) * 1991-01-29 1998-10-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Making high filament count fine filament polyester yarns
US5849231A (en) * 1993-03-29 1998-12-15 General Electric Company Melt extrusion process
US5414034A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-05-09 General Electric Company Processing stabilizer formulations
US6022916A (en) * 1993-03-29 2000-02-08 General Electric Company Processing stabilizer formulations
US5543102A (en) * 1993-07-22 1996-08-06 General Electric Company Melt extrusion process
US6115893A (en) * 1996-12-20 2000-09-12 Rhodia Filtec Ag Process and device for producing industrial polyester yarn
DE19705113A1 (en) * 1997-02-12 1998-08-13 Freudenberg Carl Fa Stretching device and method for producing stretched plastic filaments
DE19705113C2 (en) * 1997-02-12 1999-04-29 Freudenberg Carl Fa Stretching device and method for producing stretched plastic filaments
US6444151B1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2002-09-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for spinning polymeric filaments

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