US2576282A - Injector for injecting caustic or acid fluids - Google Patents

Injector for injecting caustic or acid fluids Download PDF

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US2576282A
US2576282A US757885A US75788547A US2576282A US 2576282 A US2576282 A US 2576282A US 757885 A US757885 A US 757885A US 75788547 A US75788547 A US 75788547A US 2576282 A US2576282 A US 2576282A
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sack
injector
caustic
chamber
pressure
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US757885A
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Russell J Chambers
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/08Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having tubular flexible members
    • F04B43/10Pumps having fluid drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04FPUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F1/00Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/02Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped using both positively and negatively pressurised fluid medium, e.g. alternating
    • F04F1/04Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped using both positively and negatively pressurised fluid medium, e.g. alternating generated by vaporising and condensing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in injectors particularly'of the-type adapted to inject highly caustic or acid fluids into water or steam systems for the-purposes of'conditioning them.
  • jectors of this type must also inject the caustic or acid fluid into boiler feed and steam lines underconsiderablepressure.
  • a pump unit consisting of two chambers connected by a tube: or'ductl
  • the upper chamber has positioned thereini an electrical. immersion heater.
  • the lower chamber contains a rubber sack substantially completely filling the interior of. such chamber.
  • the interior of the sack is connected to the source of. supply of caustic. or acid fluid and to thewater' or: steam ineinto which the fluid is to be injected.
  • Acheckcvalve is positioned between such interior andrthe: reservoir and automatically closes when pressure is greater than atmosphere.
  • Another checlcvalve is positionedbetween such interior and the line into which injection: is to; be made. This check Valve is automatically closed: by pressure in such line and opens only when the; pressure in.
  • the upper chamber and: that. part of the lower chamber exterior of; thesaick; is: completely filled with alcohol or otherfiuiidwhich has a low boiling pointand: high expansion.
  • the actionof: the heater may be controlled by an' adjustable timing device. When the element is heated the alcohol. boils and: converts to vapor exerting a. high pressure in the upper chamber. When this. pressure exceeds the pressure in the water feed line or steam line into which caustic: fl uidis. to be injected, it will cause thesack to be compressed and Will urge the fluid from. the interior of the sack into such line.
  • Fig. 1 is a View in plan elevation of an injector embodying. the invention
  • Fig. 2g is a view in endelevationof such injector
  • Fig. 3a is a sectional Viewv taken on the line 3-3 of 'Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4'. is a; fragmentary sectoinal view taken on the line i e-of Fig. 3.,
  • the: injector consists of, two connected chambers.
  • Thev chambers and connections between them: are all formed of standard high pressure steel pipe fittings, such as nipples, Ts, couplings, plugs, and, flanges. These fittings are made: of sections strong. enough to withstand pressures of well over five. hundred pounds per square inch.
  • the upper chamber in consists. of a. nipple H- to one end. of which is threaded a coupling i2 and to the other end a. T I3, An electrical immersion heater Id of standard design supplied with terminals I5 is threaded into. the coupling l2: and projects a substantial distance into the chamber 10.
  • the lower chamber I6 is.
  • a nipple H to one end of'which is connected a flange It and to the other end a T [9.
  • The. two chambers are connected by a nipple Elli between the two, Ts l3 and i9.
  • the lower chamber it contains a rubber sack 2
  • the end 22 of the sack 2! is stretched over the surface of the flange 18- and a fibre washer 23 is inserted between such end and the flange.
  • Another flange 2 1 is bolted to the flange 13 by bolts and nuts 25' and grips the ends- 22 between itself and the flange it.
  • a reducer 26 fits within the flange 24. Its inner face holds a U-shaped copper tube support 27 The support 21 is almost coextensive-withthe sack 2! when in its extended 'cools and the vapor pressure decreases.
  • a small T 28 is connected by a nipple 29 to the reducer 26.
  • ! of standard design is fitted to one opening of the T 2 3 and opens toward the T to permit fiuid to be drawn into the sack 2
  • is Secured to the opposite end of the T 28 and operates to permit fluid to pass out of the sack 2
  • the check valve 30 is connected by piping with a reservoir for the caustic or acid fluid and the check valve 3
  • the check valves 3! and Si are of standard construction with the exception that they should preferably be made of acid-resisting steel.
  • the upper and lower chambers IQ and I are mounted as a unit on a base 32 by a bracket member 33.
  • a 'panel 34 is mounted on the base 32 and extends across the face of the unit. In the panel 34 there is mounted a pressure gauge 35, a timing device 36, and an adjuster 3'1, all of standard design.
  • a cover member 38 may be placed over the injector unit.
  • a continuous injection can be arranged.
  • the amount of the caustic or acid fluid being injected can be properly adjusted and proportioned to the flow of the water or steam into which such fluid is being injected. This adjustment is accomplished by regulatin the length of time that the immersion heater is heated.
  • the construction of the electrical timing device indicated generally at 36 is not important per se and will not be described. Any device, such as a telechron clock, in which there are substituted for the hour and minute hands discs with contact segments, or any other well-known type of timing mechanism, may be used to regulate the time during which the immersion heater 4 is energized.
  • a control for the timing mechanism is indicated at 31.
  • cuit in which the immersion heater I4 is connected and disconnected from the source of supply by a direct switch, or by an interposed relay switch controlled by the timing device may be utilized.
  • the timing device is by itself not important, it is an essential element of the combination. Its timing prevents the pump from becoming over-pressurized and coordinates the operation of multiple pump units to obtain a steady delivery.
  • the timing device also acts as an additional safety feature as it causes pressure to drop before the safety pressure factor has been reached even if there were a failure of some other part such as a check valve.
  • An injector having an upper chamber and a lower chamber formed of high pressure steel pipe nipples connected at respective ends by Ts and connecting nipple, there being plugs in said TS to provide access to said chambers, an immersion type heater in said upper chamber, an inlet having an inwardly opening check valve and an outlet having an outwardly opening check valve both connected to said lower chamber, a flexible rubber sack in said lower chamber having an expanded volume substantially equal to the volume of said lower chamber, the open end of said sack being held between connecting flanges positioned on the end of the nipple comprising said lower chamber and communicating with said inlet and outlet, and a charge of alcohol normally in liquid state in said upper chamber duct and portion of the lower chamber exterior of said sack, said alcohol being vaporized by said heater to cause the collapse of said sack.
  • An injector having a chamber with several portions, one of said portions having a length greater than its width, a collapsible elongated sack, in said one portion having its open end Any well-known ciracvaasa sack and said heater, said alcohol being vaporized 'by said heater when energized to collapse the side walls of said sack.
  • An injector having a chamber with several portions, one of said portions having a length greater than its width, 9, collapsible elongated sack in said one portion having its open end secured at one end of said chamber, a valved inlet and outlet for said chamber communicating 'with the interior of said sack, a rigid support member mounted within said sack and preventing the closed end of said sack from being moved to the open end thereof as said sack is collapsed,
  • an immersion heater in another of said portions and a charge of alcohol normally in liquid state filling the space within said chamber not occupied by said sack and said heater, said alcohol being vaporized by said heater when energized to collapse the side walls of said sack.

Description

R. .J; CHAMBERS 2,576,282
INJECTOR FDR INJECTING CAUSTIC OR ACID FLUIDS Nov. 27, 1951 Filed June 28. 194';
INVENTOR. RUSSELL J. CHAMBERS ATTORNEY I BY Patented Nov. 27, 1951 INJECTOR FORINJECTI-NG GAUSTIG R ACID FLUIDS Russell J. Chambers, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Application June 28, 1947, Serial No. 757,885
3 Claims. 1
This invention relates to improvements in injectors particularly'of the-type adapted to inject highly caustic or acid fluids into water or steam systems for the-purposes of'conditioning them.
Withunits of this type, the corrosive action of the caustic acidusually destroys the working parts in extremely short order even when expensivemater-ials are usedin their manufacture. In-
jectors of this type must also inject the caustic or acid fluid into boiler feed and steam lines underconsiderablepressure.
It is anobject of'this" invention, therefore, to provide an injector which is. automatic in its operation, which wil-l resistdestruction from thecorrosive action of caustic or acid fluids, and-which will operate at pressures up to ashigh as five hundred pounds persquare inch.
It is also an object of this invention to provide an injectorby' which the amount of injection of the fluid may-be readily controlled;
Ittis a further object of this invention. to provide: an injector whichv has a: minimum number of moving working partsand which may beeconomically manufactured and operated.
Theseaobject's areiattained by providing a pump unit: consisting of two chambers connected by a tube: or'ductl The upper chamber has positioned thereini an electrical. immersion heater. The lower chamber contains a rubber sack substantially completely filling the interior of. such chamber. The interior of the sack is connected to the source of. supply of caustic. or acid fluid and to thewater' or: steam ineinto which the fluid is to be injected. Acheckcvalve is positioned between such interior andrthe: reservoir and automatically closes when pressure is greater than atmosphere. Another checlcvalve is positionedbetween such interior and the line into which injection: is to; be made. This check Valve is automatically closed: by pressure in such line and opens only when the; pressure in. the interior of the sack and lower chamber-exceeds such line pressure. The upper chamber: and: that. part of the lower chamber exterior of; thesaick; is: completely filled with alcohol or otherfiuiidwhich has a low boiling pointand: high expansion. when converted to vaport: The: actionof: the heater may be controlled by an' adjustable timing device. When the element is heated the alcohol. boils and: converts to vapor exerting a. high pressure in the upper chamber. When this. pressure exceeds the pressure in the water feed line or steam line into which caustic: fl uidis. to be injected, it will cause thesack to be compressed and Will urge the fluid from. the interior of the sack into such line. As
soon as the heater is disconnected the alcohol vapor condenses and the pressure in the upper acteristic of the invention, are set forth with particulariiw in the appended claims... The invention. itself; however, both as to its organization and its method of operation, together with additional objects and: advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of a. specific embodiment when read in; connection with. the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a View in plan elevation of an injector embodying. the invention;
Fig. 2gis a view in endelevationof such injector;
Fig. 3ais a sectional Viewv taken on the line 3-3 of 'Fig. 2; and
Fig. 4'. is a; fragmentary sectoinal view taken on the line i e-of Fig. 3.,
Referring to the drawing by reference numerals, the: injector consists of, two connected chambers. Thev chambers and connections between them: are all formed of standard high pressure steel pipe fittings, such as nipples, Ts, couplings, plugs, and, flanges. These fittings are made: of sections strong. enough to withstand pressures of well over five. hundred pounds per square inch. The upper chamber in consists. of a. nipple H- to one end. of which is threaded a coupling i2 and to the other end a. T I3, An electrical immersion heater Id of standard design supplied with terminals I5 is threaded into. the coupling l2: and projects a substantial distance into the chamber 10. The lower chamber I6 is. also formed of a nipple H to one end of'which is connected a flange It and to the other end a T [9. The. two chambers are connected by a nipple Elli between the two, Ts l3 and i9. The lower chamber it contains a rubber sack 2|. This sack substantially completely fills the area of such chamber. It is preferably made of pure latex rubber which will remain flexible and which will resist the action of the caustic or acid fluid which is tobe pumped by the injector. The end 22 of the sack 2! is stretched over the surface of the flange 18- and a fibre washer 23 is inserted between such end and the flange. Another flange 2 1 is bolted to the flange 13 by bolts and nuts 25' and grips the ends- 22 between itself and the flange it. A reducer 26 fits within the flange 24. Its inner face holds a U-shaped copper tube support 27 The support 21 is almost coextensive-withthe sack 2! when in its extended 'cools and the vapor pressure decreases.
condition for the next injection cycle. length of time of the energization of the immershape. Its purpose is to hold the sack 2| in such extended position even when it is collapsed and thus prevent it from being forced out through the reducer 26. A small T 28 is connected by a nipple 29 to the reducer 26. A check valve 3|! of standard design is fitted to one opening of the T 2 3 and opens toward the T to permit fiuid to be drawn into the sack 2|. Another check valve 3| is Secured to the opposite end of the T 28 and operates to permit fluid to pass out of the sack 2|. To install the device for operation, the check valve 30 is connected by piping with a reservoir for the caustic or acid fluid and the check valve 3| is connected indirectly by piping or directly to the water or steam pipe line into which injection of the caustic or acid fluid is to be made. The check valves 3!) and Si are of standard construction with the exception that they should preferably be made of acid-resisting steel. The upper and lower chambers IQ and I are mounted as a unit on a base 32 by a bracket member 33. A 'panel 34 is mounted on the base 32 and extends across the face of the unit. In the panel 34 there is mounted a pressure gauge 35, a timing device 36, and an adjuster 3'1, all of standard design. A cover member 38 may be placed over the injector unit.
In order to charge the unit for operation, it'is preferable'to connect it in the line, bleed all of the air from the connecting tubing and sack, and
to fill such tubing, check valves 30 and 3|, T28. nipple 29, and interior of the sack 2| with the caustic or acid fluid which is to be injected. The sack 2| will then be extended to substantially its full amount as is shown in Fig. 3. When this has been done, the remaining area of lower chamber It, the interior of connecting nipple 2|], and all of upper chamber ID are completely exhausted of air and filled with alcohol, using either or both end openings in the Ts I3 and Hi. When this has been accomplished, plugs 39 and 43 are inserted in such end openings to seal the unit. The filling should take place when the immersion heater is deenergized and cool and 'while the unit is subjected to atmospheric pressures. When the device is so charged, if the rubber sack 2| to collapse, forcing the fluid in such sack out through the check valve 3| into such line. During this action the check valve remains closed preventing pressure from backing up into the reservoir. It has been found that if the immersion heater I4 is heated for two and one-half minutes a pressure of substantially five hundred pounds per square inch is developed. When the heater is deenergized it This creates a pressure less than atmophere in the chamber IE and the atmospheric pressure on the reservoir forces a new charge of liquid through the check valve 38 into the interior of the sack 2| again filling it and placing the injector in The One important fea ture of this invention is the positioning of the upper chamber l0 above the lower chamber l6. As a result, when the alcohol vaporizes, the alcohol in the lower chamber and nipple 2|] will remain liquid. Its liquid level, even when the sack 2| is entirely collapsed, will never be below the connecting nipple 20. Hence, heat from the immersion heater I4 is never conveyed in any harmful amount to the lower chamber I6 and the sack 2|.
By installing several injector pumps operating in timed sequence, a continuous injection can be arranged. In such instance the amount of the caustic or acid fluid being injected can be properly adjusted and proportioned to the flow of the water or steam into which such fluid is being injected. This adjustment is accomplished by regulatin the length of time that the immersion heater is heated.
The construction of the electrical timing device indicated generally at 36 is not important per se and will not be described. Any device, such as a telechron clock, in which there are substituted for the hour and minute hands discs with contact segments, or any other well-known type of timing mechanism, may be used to regulate the time during which the immersion heater 4 is energized. A control for the timing mechanism is indicated at 31. cuit in which the immersion heater I4 is connected and disconnected from the source of supply by a direct switch, or by an interposed relay switch controlled by the timing device, may be utilized. In spite of the fact that the timing device is by itself not important, it is an essential element of the combination. Its timing prevents the pump from becoming over-pressurized and coordinates the operation of multiple pump units to obtain a steady delivery. The timing device also acts as an additional safety feature as it causes pressure to drop before the safety pressure factor has been reached even if there were a failure of some other part such as a check valve.
Although only one embodiment of the invention is shown and described herein, it will be understood that this application is intended to cover such changes or modifications as come within the spiritof the invention or scope of the following claims.
Iclaim:
1. An injector having an upper chamber and a lower chamber formed of high pressure steel pipe nipples connected at respective ends by Ts and connecting nipple, there being plugs in said TS to provide access to said chambers, an immersion type heater in said upper chamber, an inlet having an inwardly opening check valve and an outlet having an outwardly opening check valve both connected to said lower chamber, a flexible rubber sack in said lower chamber having an expanded volume substantially equal to the volume of said lower chamber, the open end of said sack being held between connecting flanges positioned on the end of the nipple comprising said lower chamber and communicating with said inlet and outlet, and a charge of alcohol normally in liquid state in said upper chamber duct and portion of the lower chamber exterior of said sack, said alcohol being vaporized by said heater to cause the collapse of said sack.
2. An injector having a chamber with several portions, one of said portions having a length greater than its width, a collapsible elongated sack, in said one portion having its open end Any well-known ciracvaasa sack and said heater, said alcohol being vaporized 'by said heater when energized to collapse the side walls of said sack.
3. An injector having a chamber with several portions, one of said portions having a length greater than its width, 9, collapsible elongated sack in said one portion having its open end secured at one end of said chamber, a valved inlet and outlet for said chamber communicating 'with the interior of said sack, a rigid support member mounted within said sack and preventing the closed end of said sack from being moved to the open end thereof as said sack is collapsed,
an immersion heater in another of said portions, and a charge of alcohol normally in liquid state filling the space within said chamber not occupied by said sack and said heater, said alcohol being vaporized by said heater when energized to collapse the side walls of said sack.
RUSSELL J CHAMBERS.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in th file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,314,376 Swan Aug. 26, 1919 1,603,593 Goodhue et a1 Oct. 19, 1926 2,039,999 Holyfield May 5, 1936 2,241,620 Shoeld May 13, 1941
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2867224A (en) * 1955-12-22 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Washing apparatus with water conditioning dispenser
US4090964A (en) * 1977-07-21 1978-05-23 Ecodyne Corporation Acid dispenser for water softener unit
US4265600A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-05-05 Harold Mandroian Pump apparatus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1314376A (en) * 1919-08-26 Expansion-motor
US1603593A (en) * 1924-07-09 1926-10-19 Trustees Of The Electro Thermo Electrically-operated valve
US2039999A (en) * 1935-02-04 1936-05-05 Earl F Holyfield Refrigeration compressor
US2241620A (en) * 1937-04-10 1941-05-13 Shoeld Mark Means for producing pulsating movement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1314376A (en) * 1919-08-26 Expansion-motor
US1603593A (en) * 1924-07-09 1926-10-19 Trustees Of The Electro Thermo Electrically-operated valve
US2039999A (en) * 1935-02-04 1936-05-05 Earl F Holyfield Refrigeration compressor
US2241620A (en) * 1937-04-10 1941-05-13 Shoeld Mark Means for producing pulsating movement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2867224A (en) * 1955-12-22 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Washing apparatus with water conditioning dispenser
US4090964A (en) * 1977-07-21 1978-05-23 Ecodyne Corporation Acid dispenser for water softener unit
US4265600A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-05-05 Harold Mandroian Pump apparatus

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