US2497868A - Underground exploitation of fuel deposits - Google Patents
Underground exploitation of fuel deposits Download PDFInfo
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- US2497868A US2497868A US702533A US70253346A US2497868A US 2497868 A US2497868 A US 2497868A US 702533 A US702533 A US 702533A US 70253346 A US70253346 A US 70253346A US 2497868 A US2497868 A US 2497868A
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- heat
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 64
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000062730 Melissa officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010654 Melissa officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000865 liniment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of burning and degassing subterranean fuel deposits, and more particularly to a method of burning such fuel deposits without mining them, in order to obtain the products of distillation thereof and to release and utilize their heat energy;
- Underground deposits of such fuel minerals as shale and brown coal, having a high percentage of distillate products, are found in several locations in the United States, and are widely distributed in other parts of the world.
- a further object of this invention resides in the provision of a method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of underground fuel deposits without mining them.
- Still another object of this invention resides in the cheap and convenient method which it provides for releasing the heat energy and distillate products of underground fuel deposits.
- the numeral l designates generally an underground deposit of lignitic fuel lying'between a noncombustible layer 2 of soil and rock which extends to the earth's surface and a layer of bed rock 3 underlying the fuel bed.
- the first step in the application of the method of this invention is to drill a series of spaced apart holes 4 into the fuel deposit. Ordinarily these holes would be drilled from the surface of the earth though they might be drilled from the terial in quantities sufllcient to maintain satis-
- the single figure represents a sectional view 55 factory combustion.
- the air pumped into the fuel deposit is preheated in a suitable preheater 6.
- the preheating of the air facilitates the ignition and combustion 'of the fuel.
- Tubes or other suitable ducts l are inserted into the holes in the combustion area 8, and a heat absorbing medium such as water or a watersteam emulsion is continuously forced through them by means of a, pump 9.
- a heat absorbing medium such as water or a watersteam emulsion
- the temperature of combustion of the fuel bed in the combustion area 8 may be regulated so as to keep it below the sintering temperature of the fuel.
- the heat energy of the medium so heated may be collected at some central point III as for instance a common steam dome. This enables the heat energy absorbed from the burning fuel bed 8 to be put to useful purposes in. any known manner.
- the tubes or ducts I are, of course, removable from the holes into which they are inserted to enable the same to be moved from place to place as required to most effectively utilize the heat of the burning fuel, and similarly the collecting unit I0 should be movable.
- distillation of the fuel material occurs as a result of the heating of the material in that zone by combustion of the fuel which is already burning.
- the .distillates so re- 3 leased are recovered by means of pipes I2 connected to the mouths of holes in the zone of distillation, which lead to a suitable accumulator I3 in which the distillates may be stored to be available for refinement or other desired use.
- the initially ignited area 8 burns through, and the combustion process spreads to the residual coke l I left in the wake of distillation.
- Dry distillation now occurs in a new zone surrounding or adjacent to the zone ll of original distillation, as a result of the combustion of the residual coke, and the distillate products in the new zone of distillation are recovered in the manner described.
- the combustion and distillation processes will spread outward, from the point of initial ignition as a center, with distillation occurring in the zone of unburnedfuel in the neighborhood of the combustion area.
- combustion occurs in the residual coke.
- distillation gas may be bled off from the accumulator l3 by a valved duct l4 which leads to the inlet of the pump 5. In this manner a readily combustible gaseous fuel mixture will be pumped into the fuel bed.
- an exhaust fan I8 is provided to more positively effect the withdrawal of the smoke and waste gases.
- the hoods l5 are movable and the ducts l6 are adjustable to enable necessary shifting of the hoods with little or no need for moving the stack or chimney.
- this invention provides a method for burning and degassing subterranean fuel deposits in order to release and recover from them their distillate products and heat energy without necessitating digging them out of the earth.
- the method of degassing and burning a subterranean fuel deposit which comprises the steps of drilling a plurality of spaced apart holes into the fuel deposit from the surface of the earth; igniting the fuel deposit at one point; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit through at least one of the holes in order to sustain combustion of the fuel deposit; inserting tubes into the holes in the area of combustion; circulating a cooling medium through said tubes to thereby regulate the heat of combustion of the burning fuel bed to keep it below the sintering point of the fuel; and collecting from the mouths of holes in a zone adjacent to the combustion area the distillation products released by the heat of combustion.
- the method of obtaining the heat energy and distillates of an underground fuel deposit which comprises the steps of: drilling a plurality of spaced apart holes from the surface of the earth into the fuel deposit; igniting the deposit at one point; continuously forcing combustion supporting fluid into the deposit near the point of combustion to sustain combustion; inserting tubes into holes in the deposit in the area of combustlon; passing a cooling medium through said tubes whereby the temperature of combustion of the burning fuel will be kept below the sintering point of the fuel; collecting and utilizing the heat energy absorbed by the cooling medium; and
- the method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of subterranean fuel deposits which comprises the steps of: boring a plurality of spaced apart holes from the surface of the earth into the fuel deposit; igniting the fuel deposit at one point: forcing combustion supporting fluid through one of said holes into the fuel deposit to sustain combustion thereof; inserting tubes in to holes in the area of combustion; passing a heat transfer medium through said tubes in such quantitles as to regulate the heat of combustion of the fuel in order to keep it below the sintering point thereof; and collecting the heat transfer medium and utilizing the heat absorbed by it.
- the method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of a subterranean fuel deposit which comprises the steps of: boring a plurality of spaced apart holes into the fuel deposit; igniting the fuel deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit to sustain combustion thereof; inserting steam generating coils into the holes in the area of combustion; positively circulating a water steam emulsion from a common steam accumulator through all of the coils and back to the accumulator to thus carry off the heat of combustion and convert it into steam energy; and moving the steam generating coils from burned out areas into freshly burning areas as combustion of the fuel deposit proceeds.
- the method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of a subterranean fuel deposit which comprises the steps of: boring a plurality of spaced apart holes into the fuel deposit; igniting the fuel deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit to sustain combustion thereof; inserting steam generating coils into the holes in the area of combustion; positively circulating a water steam emulsion from a common steam accumulator through all of the coils and 5 back to the accumulator to thus carry oi! the heat of combustion and convert it into steam energy: collecting the smoke and waste products of combustion issuing from the holes which lead to the burning portions of the fuel deposit; and con-- and wasteproducts to veying the collected smoke a stack.
- the method of exploiting an underground fuel deposit which comprises: igniting the fuel deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit to sustain the combustion thereof inserting heat exchange ducts into the fuel de posit in the area of combustion; circulating a heat exchange medium through said ducts to thereby maintain the temperature of combustion of the fuel below its sintering point; and collecting the heat exchange medium so circulated and utilizing the heat energy absorbed by it.
- the method of exploiting an underground fuel deposit which comprises: forming a plurality of holes into the deposit; igniting the deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid under pressure into the fuel deposit through at least one of said holes to sustain combustion; inserting heat exchange ducts into said holes in the area of combustion; circulating heat exchange medium 6 through said ducts; regulating the flow of said heat exchange medium through said ducts to thereby control the temperature of combustion of the fuel; collecting said heat exchange medium to utilize the heat absorbed by it; and collecting from the mouth of a hole in a zone adjacent to the combustion area the products of distillation released by the heat of combustion.
Description
Feb. 21, 1950 D. DALIN UNDERGROUND EXPLOI'I'A'IIO}! 0F DEPOSITS Filed Oct. 10, 1945 gu x3558? av 27 Balm 0 4m OP Patented Feb. 21, 1950 UNDERGROUND EXPLOITATION 0F FUEL DEPOSITS David Dalin, Sodertalje, Sweden Application October 10, 1946, Serial No. 702,533 8 Claims. (Cl. 2621) This invention relates to a method of burning and degassing subterranean fuel deposits, and more particularly to a method of burning such fuel deposits without mining them, in order to obtain the products of distillation thereof and to release and utilize their heat energy;
Underground deposits of such fuel minerals as shale and brown coal, having a high percentage of distillate products, are found in several locations in the United States, and are widely distributed in other parts of the world.
Heretofore it has been necessary, in order to obtain the volatile products of such deposits, to unearth them and subject them to dry distillation in large, specially constructed retorts.
Although this method is efficient in that it recovers a high percentage of the distillates present in the minerals, it nevertheless requires that the fuel be mined and specially handled.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a. method of recovering the distillate products of subterranean fuel deposits without the necessity of unearthing such deposits or constructing special apparatus for their distillation.
A further object of this invention resides in the provision of a method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of underground fuel deposits without mining them.
In this connection it is another object of this invention to provide a. steam generating unit adapted to be removably inserted into selected portions of a bed of burning subterranean fuel deposits and to be moved from place to place as combustion proceeds so as to utilize the heat energy of the fuel to the best advantage for the generation of steam.
Still another object of this invention resides in the cheap and convenient method which it provides for releasing the heat energy and distillate products of underground fuel deposits.
With the above and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, this invention resides in the novel method as hereinafter described and more particularly defined by the appended claims, it being understood that such changes in the precise embodiment of the hereindisclosed invention may be made as come within the scope'of the claims.
The accompanying drawing illustrates one complete example of the physical embodiment of the invention constructed in accordance with the best mode so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which:
through an underground fuel deposit and illustrates one adaptation of this invention.
Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawing, the numeral l designates generally an underground deposit of lignitic fuel lying'between a noncombustible layer 2 of soil and rock which extends to the earth's surface and a layer of bed rock 3 underlying the fuel bed.
The first step in the application of the method of this invention is to drill a series of spaced apart holes 4 into the fuel deposit. Ordinarily these holes would be drilled from the surface of the earth though they might be drilled from the terial in quantities sufllcient to maintain satis- The single figure represents a sectional view 55 factory combustion.
Preferably, though not necessarily, the air pumped into the fuel deposit is preheated in a suitable preheater 6. The preheating of the air facilitates the ignition and combustion 'of the fuel.
Tubes or other suitable ducts l are inserted into the holes in the combustion area 8, and a heat absorbing medium such as water or a watersteam emulsion is continuously forced through them by means of a, pump 9. By regulating the flow of the heat absorbing medium, the temperature of combustion of the fuel bed in the combustion area 8 may be regulated so as to keep it below the sintering temperature of the fuel.
The heat energy of the medium so heated may be collected at some central point III as for instance a common steam dome. This enables the heat energy absorbed from the burning fuel bed 8 to be put to useful purposes in. any known manner. I
The tubes or ducts I are, of course, removable from the holes into which they are inserted to enable the same to be moved from place to place as required to most effectively utilize the heat of the burning fuel, and similarly the collecting unit I0 should be movable.
In the zone 'I I surrounding the combustion area or adjacent thereto, distillation of the fuel material occurs as a result of the heating of the material in that zone by combustion of the fuel which is already burning. The .distillates so re- 3 leased are recovered by means of pipes I2 connected to the mouths of holes in the zone of distillation, which lead to a suitable accumulator I3 in which the distillates may be stored to be available for refinement or other desired use.
As the combustion process continues, the initially ignited area 8 burns through, and the combustion process spreads to the residual coke l I left in the wake of distillation.
Dry distillation now occurs in a new zone surrounding or adjacent to the zone ll of original distillation, as a result of the combustion of the residual coke, and the distillate products in the new zone of distillation are recovered in the manner described. Thus the combustion and distillation processes will spread outward, from the point of initial ignition as a center, with distillation occurring in the zone of unburnedfuel in the neighborhood of the combustion area. As distillation is completed, combustion occurs in the residual coke.
To sustain combustion and maintain the distillation process, it is only necessary that compressed air be continuously forced into the neigh borhood of the combustion area. If desired some of the distillation gas may be bled off from the accumulator l3 by a valved duct l4 which leads to the inlet of the pump 5. In this manner a readily combustible gaseous fuel mixture will be pumped into the fuel bed.
As the process advances through the fuel bed it is necessary from time to time to move the air supply 6 and the tubes 1 through which the heat absorbing medium flows, together with the pipes I2 and other means for collecting the distillate products.
The smoke and other waste products of combustion rising from the holes 4 which lead to the combustion zone are collected in hoods [5 appropiately placed over these holes, and ducts l6 carry these waste gases to a stack or chimney l'l. Preferably an exhaust fan I8 is provided to more positively effect the withdrawal of the smoke and waste gases. Like all the other apparatus, the hoods l5 are movable and the ducts l6 are adjustable to enable necessary shifting of the hoods with little or no need for moving the stack or chimney.
Since sintering of the underground fuel deposit would seriously interfere with its proper combustion, it is necessary that the temperature of combustion be kept below that at which sintering occurs in the particular fuel. This is accomplished by regulating the flow of the heat absorbing medium through the tubes or ducts l which, however, at all times serves the additional purpose of recovering the heat energy released by the burning fuel.
From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, it will be readily apparent that this invention provides a method for burning and degassing subterranean fuel deposits in order to release and recover from them their distillate products and heat energy without necessitating digging them out of the earth.
What I claim as my invention is:
1. The method of degassing and burning a subterranean fuel deposit which comprises the steps of drilling a plurality of spaced apart holes into the fuel deposit from the surface of the earth; igniting the fuel deposit at one point; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit through at least one of the holes in order to sustain combustion of the fuel deposit; inserting tubes into the holes in the area of combustion; circulating a cooling medium through said tubes to thereby regulate the heat of combustion of the burning fuel bed to keep it below the sintering point of the fuel; and collecting from the mouths of holes in a zone adjacent to the combustion area the distillation products released by the heat of combustion.
2. The method of obtaining the heat energy and distillates of an underground fuel deposit which comprises the steps of: drilling a plurality of spaced apart holes from the surface of the earth into the fuel deposit; igniting the deposit at one point; continuously forcing combustion supporting fluid into the deposit near the point of combustion to sustain combustion; inserting tubes into holes in the deposit in the area of combustlon; passing a cooling medium through said tubes whereby the temperature of combustion of the burning fuel will be kept below the sintering point of the fuel; collecting and utilizing the heat energy absorbed by the cooling medium; and
collecting from the mouths of holes in a zone ad- I circulating a heat transfer medium through said tubes; and collecting said heat transfer medium and utilizing the heat energy absorbed thereby.
4. The method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of subterranean fuel deposits which comprises the steps of: boring a plurality of spaced apart holes from the surface of the earth into the fuel deposit; igniting the fuel deposit at one point: forcing combustion supporting fluid through one of said holes into the fuel deposit to sustain combustion thereof; inserting tubes in to holes in the area of combustion; passing a heat transfer medium through said tubes in such quantitles as to regulate the heat of combustion of the fuel in order to keep it below the sintering point thereof; and collecting the heat transfer medium and utilizing the heat absorbed by it.
5. The method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of a subterranean fuel deposit which comprises the steps of: boring a plurality of spaced apart holes into the fuel deposit; igniting the fuel deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit to sustain combustion thereof; inserting steam generating coils into the holes in the area of combustion; positively circulating a water steam emulsion from a common steam accumulator through all of the coils and back to the accumulator to thus carry off the heat of combustion and convert it into steam energy; and moving the steam generating coils from burned out areas into freshly burning areas as combustion of the fuel deposit proceeds.
6. The method of releasing and utilizing the heat energy of a subterranean fuel deposit which comprises the steps of: boring a plurality of spaced apart holes into the fuel deposit; igniting the fuel deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit to sustain combustion thereof; inserting steam generating coils into the holes in the area of combustion; positively circulating a water steam emulsion from a common steam accumulator through all of the coils and 5 back to the accumulator to thus carry oi! the heat of combustion and convert it into steam energy: collecting the smoke and waste products of combustion issuing from the holes which lead to the burning portions of the fuel deposit; and con-- and wasteproducts to veying the collected smoke a stack.
7. The method of exploiting an underground fuel deposit which comprises: igniting the fuel deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid into the fuel deposit to sustain the combustion thereof inserting heat exchange ducts into the fuel de posit in the area of combustion; circulating a heat exchange medium through said ducts to thereby maintain the temperature of combustion of the fuel below its sintering point; and collecting the heat exchange medium so circulated and utilizing the heat energy absorbed by it.
8. The method of exploiting an underground fuel deposit which comprises: forming a plurality of holes into the deposit; igniting the deposit; forcing combustion supporting fluid under pressure into the fuel deposit through at least one of said holes to sustain combustion; inserting heat exchange ducts into said holes in the area of combustion; circulating heat exchange medium 6 through said ducts; regulating the flow of said heat exchange medium through said ducts to thereby control the temperature of combustion of the fuel; collecting said heat exchange medium to utilize the heat absorbed by it; and collecting from the mouth of a hole in a zone adjacent to the combustion area the products of distillation released by the heat of combustion.
DAVID DALIN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,913,395 Karrick June 13, 1933 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 200,423 Germany July 17, 1908 OTHER REFERENCES American Gas Journal, pp. 28 and 29, January 1944.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US702533A US2497868A (en) | 1946-10-10 | 1946-10-10 | Underground exploitation of fuel deposits |
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US702533A US2497868A (en) | 1946-10-10 | 1946-10-10 | Underground exploitation of fuel deposits |
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US2497868A true US2497868A (en) | 1950-02-21 |
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US702533A Expired - Lifetime US2497868A (en) | 1946-10-10 | 1946-10-10 | Underground exploitation of fuel deposits |
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Cited By (64)
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US2761663A (en) * | 1952-09-05 | 1956-09-04 | Louis F Gerdetz | Process of underground gasification of coal |
US2780449A (en) * | 1952-12-26 | 1957-02-05 | Sinclair Oil & Gas Co | Thermal process for in-situ decomposition of oil shale |
US2786660A (en) * | 1948-01-05 | 1957-03-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Apparatus for gasifying coal |
US2795279A (en) * | 1952-04-17 | 1957-06-11 | Electrotherm Res Corp | Method of underground electrolinking and electrocarbonization of mineral fuels |
DE1024036B (en) * | 1952-05-16 | 1958-02-13 | Otto Kriegbaum | Process for heating an oil deposit for secondary extraction |
US2841375A (en) * | 1954-03-03 | 1958-07-01 | Svenska Skifferolje Ab | Method for in-situ utilization of fuels by combustion |
US2889882A (en) * | 1956-06-06 | 1959-06-09 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Oil recovery by in situ combustion |
US2901043A (en) * | 1955-07-29 | 1959-08-25 | Pan American Petroleum Corp | Heavy oil recovery |
US2902270A (en) * | 1953-07-17 | 1959-09-01 | Svenska Skifferolje Ab | Method of and means in heating of subsurface fuel-containing deposits "in situ" |
US2914309A (en) * | 1953-05-25 | 1959-11-24 | Svenska Skifferolje Ab | Oil and gas recovery from tar sands |
US2917112A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1959-12-15 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Inverse air injection technique |
US2946382A (en) * | 1956-09-19 | 1960-07-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for recovering hydrocarbons from underground formations |
US2954217A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1960-09-27 | Texaco Inc | Iodine extraction from underground waters |
US3109487A (en) * | 1959-12-29 | 1963-11-05 | Texaco Inc | Petroleum production by secondary recovery |
US3126955A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | Oil recovery process | ||
US3246697A (en) * | 1958-09-08 | 1966-04-19 | Richfield Oil Corp | Apparatus including a nuclear reactor for heating injection gases |
US3379248A (en) * | 1965-12-10 | 1968-04-23 | Mobil Oil Corp | In situ combustion process utilizing waste heat |
US3954140A (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1976-05-04 | Hendrick Robert P | Recovery of hydrocarbons by in situ thermal extraction |
US4018279A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1977-04-19 | Reynolds Merrill J | In situ coal combustion heat recovery method |
US4019577A (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1977-04-26 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Thermal energy production by in situ combustion of coal |
US4031956A (en) * | 1976-02-12 | 1977-06-28 | In Situ Technology, Inc. | Method of recovering energy from subsurface petroleum reservoirs |
US4092052A (en) * | 1977-04-18 | 1978-05-30 | In Situ Technology, Inc. | Converting underground coal fires into commercial products |
US4109718A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1978-08-29 | Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. | Method of breaking shale oil-water emulsion |
US4153110A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1979-05-08 | Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. | Ignition of fragmented oil shale below a sill pillar in an in situ oil shale retort |
US4248302A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1981-02-03 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Method and apparatus for recovering viscous petroleum from tar sand |
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