US2458104A - Fluorescent materials - Google Patents
Fluorescent materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2458104A US2458104A US580488A US58048845A US2458104A US 2458104 A US2458104 A US 2458104A US 580488 A US580488 A US 580488A US 58048845 A US58048845 A US 58048845A US 2458104 A US2458104 A US 2458104A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- color
- colored
- fluorescent
- ultra
- under
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 6
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- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 3
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 2
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- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960001506 brilliant green Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HXCILVUBKWANLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N brilliant green cation Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 HXCILVUBKWANLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CO ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(6+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+6].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLEITUFVKZSFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran-1,3-dione;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 QLEITUFVKZSFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LRVGFLGDZYGMKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid dimethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C(C=1C(C(=O)OC)=CC=CC1)(=O)OC.C(C)(=O)O LRVGFLGDZYGMKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBJJRSFLZVLCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);diborate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] XBJJRSFLZVLCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methoxyethyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCOC HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cellulose acetate Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O.CC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(C)=O)O1.CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PCYQQSKDZQTOQG-NXEZZACHSA-N dibutyl (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)OCCCC PCYQQSKDZQTOQG-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWFPZBFBFHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 4-[(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=CC2=CC=CC=C12 VPWFPZBFBFHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HYLDLLCHFLSKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lissamine flavine FF Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C1=O)C(=O)C2=C3C1=CC=CC3=C(N)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C2 HYLDLLCHFLSKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013225 prussian blue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B tin(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZWRNSARCRTXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropionin Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CC)COC(=O)CC YZWRNSARCRTXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
Definitions
- This invention relates to colored objects which are fluorescent under the excitation of ultra-violet light and relates more particularly to fluorescent, colored objects whose color under light in the visible portion of the spectrum is substantially identical to the fluorescent color exhibited under the action of ultra-violet light.
- An object of thisinvention is the provision of improved colored objects capable of fluorescence under the excitation of ultra-violet light in a color substantially identical with that of the object under visible light.
- Another object of this invention is the production of colored objects which are readily identifiable by their color whether illuminated by visible light or invisible ultra-violet light.
- Objects such as control knobs, indicators, signs, safety markers, valves, fire-fighting equipment and other accessories in tanks, aircraft, motorized equipment and industrial plants are frequently colored in accordance with a predetermined scheme so that they may be readily identified or recognized at all times by color alone.
- the fluorescent color of a particular material and its normal color under visible light are never alike. Such a situation where two distinct colors must serve to identify a particular object practically defeats the main purpose of employing recognition colors.
- the combination of a fluorescent dye or pigment with the usual type of dye or pigment in asingle formulation to obtain a color which is practically the same under daylight and ultra-violet light is unsatisfactory.
- a bright and easily recognized daylight color requires a high concentration of pigment.
- the addition of a dye or pigment normally fluorescent in the same color to such a composition is practically ineifective since the heavy concentration of ordinary pigment screens the fluorescent material and only the outermost layer of fluorescent dye or pigment will be effective when the material is subjected to the influence of ultra-violet light.
- the illumination by ultra-violet light of such a relatively small amount of fluorescent material does not give the desired bright and easily recognized color.
- colored materials exhibiting the'identical color under both daylight and the excitation of ultra-violet light may be obtained by incorporating a suitable dye or pigment in any desired vehicle whereby an opaque surface of the desired daylight color is obtained and then superimposing thereon a layer of a colored transparent material containing a fluorescent dye or pigment fluorescent in the background or base color.
- the fluorescent dye or pigment incorporated in and coloring the transparent layer is employed in suflicient amount to yield the desired fluorescent effect, the additive eflect of the colored transparent layer and the colored opaque surface below being such as to yield the identical color underboth daylight and ultra-violet light.
- With a suitable choice of dye or pigment to give the desired opaque colored surface in combination with a suitable fluorescent dye or pigment in the transparent layer many satisfactory colors may be obtained, which colors will be identical whether viewed under daylight or illuminated by invisible, ultra-violet light.
- the colored opaque surface may be obtained in any convenient manner and may be formed of any suitable material. It may be wood, cement, ceramic, metal, and the like, covered with a'suitable opaque pigmented coating which may be obtained, for example, by applying a colored paint or enamel to the surface.
- the opaque colored surface may also comprise an opaque colored glass or other opaque colored refractory or ceramic material.
- Suitably pigmented thermosetting or thermoplastic materials also may be employed for forming the colored opaque surface.
- colored opaque base materials there may be mentioned pigmented cellulose esters, such as, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate and cellulose nitrate as well as colored cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose or benzyl cellulose.
- pigmented cellulose esters such as, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate and cellulose nitrate
- colored cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose or benzyl cellulose.
- Pigmented phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde condensation condensation products pigmented alkyd resins, such as glycerol-phthalic anhydride condensation products, polymerized vinyl resins having a basis of a polymerized vinyl ester such as polyvinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymerized methacrylic acid esters, suchas polymerized methyl methacrylate and other polymeric resin forming compounds which may be pigmented in the desired opaque color and shaped to any desired form are also suitable.
- a polymerized vinyl ester such as polyvinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymerized methacrylic acid esters, suchas polymerized methyl methacrylate and other polymeric resin forming
- the coloring matters employed may be organic or inorganic pigments ordyestuffs having the desired color characteristics.
- inorganic materials such as ochre, sienna, chrome yellow, tin bronze, etc., may be employed.
- red color Venetian red, red lead, vermillion, etc.
- blue color For a blue color.
- ultramarine, Prussian blue, milori blue, etc. may be For a yellow color.
- any suitable method of preparing the sheet material may be utilized.
- the sheets may be formed by mixing the base material and the pigments or fluorescent materials at ordinary or elevated temperature in the desired proportions with or without the addition of volatile solvents, and then flowing or casting the plastic mixture obtained into films Thicker sheets may be cut from blocks or extruded in the desired width or thickness through a suitable slit.
- chrome green may be employed.
- raw umber, burnt umber or Vandyke brown may be used.
- the pigments may be mixed as is will understood in the art.
- Increased opacity if desired, may be obtained by incorporating a suitable white pigment in the colored opaque base material.
- white inorganic pigments are tin oxide, tin phosphate, antimony oxide, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, lead sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, barium borate, calcium borate, and silicates such as china clay or other clays, talc or mica.
- the layer of transparent material containing the desired fluorescent dye and superimposed on the opaque colored base material may have a basis of any suitable transparent material such as glass.
- the outer layer is preferably of a thermoplastic material.
- the transparent outer layer may also be joined to the opaque under layer by a suitable colorless-adhesive or the transparent outer layer may be applied by dissolving the desired transparent film-forming base in a volatile solvent, adding the fluorescent pigment or dyestufi thereto and applying the dope or lacquer obtained to the base in the form of a coating of the desired thickness as by brushing, spraying or the like.
- the transparent outer layer may also be applied by injection or compression molding operations using the opaque colored base as a core or insert.
- the desired compositions may also be employed in the form of a molding powder of suitable composition which may be prepared in v accordance with methods well known in the art.
- plasticizers such as,
- the plasticizer may be present in amounts up to 60% or more on the weight of cellulose derivative in the composition.
- Example I To obtain a composite sheet material exhibiting a. brilliant green color in daylight as well as a brilliant green fluorescence under ultra-violet light, an opaque sheet material 0.125 inch in thickness is prepared from the following composition: I
- This sheet is combined with a transparent fluorescent cellulose acetate sheet 0.02 inch thick of the following composition:
- Rhodamine B Extra (0. I. No. 749) daylight color and a bright, glowing fluorescent color under ultra-violet light which colors are substantially identical whether viewed under daylight or ultra-violet light.
- Example II A brilliantly colored orange sheet material may be obtained by combining an opaque base sheet of the following composition:
- Methyl phthallyl ethyl glycollate 30 The orange color of the composite material exhibited under ultra-violet light is substantially I identical to that under daylight. r
- Example III A brilliantly colored yellow sheet material having a bright yellow color under daylight and a bright yellow glow under ultra-violet light is obtained employing an opaque base sheet of the following composition:
- a transparent sheet .020 inch in thickness comprising Parts by weight Parts by weight Parts by weight Cellulose acetate (53% acety1) 100 AlizarineLake 63 (C. I. No. 1027) 0.021 Titanium dioxide (0. I. No. 1264) 0.301 Ultramarine blue 3P (0.1. No. 1290) 0.857 Triacetin 20 v witha transparent fluorescent sheet 0.020 inches 1 in thickness of the following composition:
- the step which comprises laminating a sheet of a colored, transparent cellulose acetate material having diethyl- M-amino-phenolphthalein incorporated therein to. a non-fluorescent, opaque, colored cellulose acetate base material pigmented with lead chromate, the resulting laminated material exhibiting an orange color substantially identical under both visible light and ultra-violet-light.
- Example Ill A bright blue material having a clear bright blue color under both visible light and ultra- I violet light is produced by combining a colored opaque base sheet o! the tollowing composition:
Description
Patented Jan. 4, 1949 FLUORESCENT MATERIALS Ernest Schweizer, East Orange, N. J., assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware N Drawing. Application March 1, 1945, Serial No. 580,488
' Claim. (Cl. 154-40) This invention relates to colored objects which are fluorescent under the excitation of ultra-violet light and relates more particularly to fluorescent, colored objects whose color under light in the visible portion of the spectrum is substantially identical to the fluorescent color exhibited under the action of ultra-violet light.
An object of thisinvention is the provision of improved colored objects capable of fluorescence under the excitation of ultra-violet light in a color substantially identical with that of the object under visible light.
Another object of this invention is the production of colored objects which are readily identifiable by their color whether illuminated by visible light or invisible ultra-violet light.
Other objects of this invention will appear from the following detailed description.
Objects such as control knobs, indicators, signs, safety markers, valves, fire-fighting equipment and other accessories in tanks, aircraft, motorized equipment and industrial plants are frequently colored in accordance with a predetermined scheme so that they may be readily identified or recognized at all times by color alone.
Where complete darkness is required in certain particular circumstances or operations, thus making the reading of normal printed material or recognition of a particular color impossible, an identifying color visible in total darkness becomes essential. To provide a color visible in total darkness, it has been customary to incorporate fluorescent materials in the objects to be rendered visible and to cause said materials to fluoresce by illuminating the latter with ultra-violet light. The fluorescent coloreifect obtained is satisface tory where the objects or signs are always under the influence of ultra-violet light since the color observed does not change. Where, however, the control knobs, indicators, signs or safety markers must also be provided with a recognition color which must be visible under normal daylight as well as under ultra-violet light, substantial difficulties are encountered. The fluorescent color of a particular material and its normal color under visible light are never alike. Such a situation where two distinct colors must serve to identify a particular object practically defeats the main purpose of employing recognition colors. The combination of a fluorescent dye or pigment with the usual type of dye or pigment in asingle formulation to obtain a color which is practically the same under daylight and ultra-violet light is unsatisfactory. A bright and easily recognized daylight color requires a high concentration of pigment. The addition of a dye or pigment normally fluorescent in the same color to such a composition is practically ineifective since the heavy concentration of ordinary pigment screens the fluorescent material and only the outermost layer of fluorescent dye or pigment will be effective when the material is subjected to the influence of ultra-violet light. The illumination by ultra-violet light of such a relatively small amount of fluorescent material does not give the desired bright and easily recognized color.
I have now found that colored materials exhibiting the'identical color under both daylight and the excitation of ultra-violet light may be obtained by incorporating a suitable dye or pigment in any desired vehicle whereby an opaque surface of the desired daylight color is obtained and then superimposing thereon a layer of a colored transparent material containing a fluorescent dye or pigment fluorescent in the background or base color. The fluorescent dye or pigment incorporated in and coloring the transparent layer is employed in suflicient amount to yield the desired fluorescent effect, the additive eflect of the colored transparent layer and the colored opaque surface below being such as to yield the identical color underboth daylight and ultra-violet light. With a suitable choice of dye or pigment to give the desired opaque colored surface in combination with a suitable fluorescent dye or pigment in the transparent layer many satisfactory colors may be obtained, which colors will be identical whether viewed under daylight or illuminated by invisible, ultra-violet light.
The colored opaque surface may be obtained in any convenient manner and may be formed of any suitable material. It may be wood, cement, ceramic, metal, and the like, covered with a'suitable opaque pigmented coating which may be obtained, for example, by applying a colored paint or enamel to the surface. The opaque colored surface may also comprise an opaque colored glass or other opaque colored refractory or ceramic material. Suitably pigmented thermosetting or thermoplastic materials also may be employed for forming the colored opaque surface.
As examples of colored opaque base materials there may be mentioned pigmented cellulose esters, such as, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate and cellulose nitrate as well as colored cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose or benzyl cellulose. Pigmented phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde condensation condensation products, pigmented alkyd resins, such as glycerol-phthalic anhydride condensation products, polymerized vinyl resins having a basis of a polymerized vinyl ester such as polyvinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymerized methacrylic acid esters, suchas polymerized methyl methacrylate and other polymeric resin forming compounds which may be pigmented in the desired opaque color and shaped to any desired form are also suitable.
The coloring matters employed may be organic or inorganic pigments ordyestuffs having the desired color characteristics. inorganic materials such as ochre, sienna, chrome yellow, tin bronze, etc., may be employed. For a red color, Venetian red, red lead, vermillion, etc., may be employed. For a blue color. ultramarine, Prussian blue, milori blue, etc., may be For a yellow color.
products, melamineformaldehyde I on suitable wheels or bands.
4 lulose acetate or other thermoplastic derivative of cellulose since the desirable properties of the cellulose derivative material enable it to be applied to the base material in practically any manner, as heretofore described, depending upon the form and purpose or the object which is to be provided with a recognition color visible under normal daylight and fluorescent in the same color under ultra-violet light.
Where the colored opaque basematerial and the colored transparentfluorescent outer layer are employed in sheet form, any suitable method of preparing the sheet material may be utilized. The sheets may be formed by mixing the base material and the pigments or fluorescent materials at ordinary or elevated temperature in the desired proportions with or without the addition of volatile solvents, and then flowing or casting the plastic mixture obtained into films Thicker sheets may be cut from blocks or extruded in the desired width or thickness through a suitable slit.
used. For' green, Guignets green, verdigris,
chrome green may be employed. For brown, raw umber, burnt umber or Vandyke brown may be used. To obtain any othercolors, the pigments may be mixed as is will understood in the art. Increased opacity, if desired, may be obtained by incorporating a suitable white pigment in the colored opaque base material. Examples of white inorganic pigments are tin oxide, tin phosphate, antimony oxide, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, lead sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, barium borate, calcium borate, and silicates such as china clay or other clays, talc or mica.
The layer of transparent material containing the desired fluorescent dye and superimposed on the opaque colored base material may have a basis of any suitable transparent material such as glass. a transparent cellulose derivative, clear, cast phenol-formaldehyde resins, or of a thermoplastic polymeric substance as mentioned-heretofore, namely polystyrene, polymerized methyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, or co-polymerized vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.
Wliere laminating operations under heat and pressure are employed for joining the transparent fluorescent outer layer to the colored opaque base, the outer layer is preferably of a thermoplastic material. The transparent outer layer may also be joined to the opaque under layer by a suitable colorless-adhesive or the transparent outer layer may be applied by dissolving the desired transparent film-forming base in a volatile solvent, adding the fluorescent pigment or dyestufi thereto and applying the dope or lacquer obtained to the base in the form of a coating of the desired thickness as by brushing, spraying or the like. The transparent outer layer may also be applied by injection or compression molding operations using the opaque colored base as a core or insert.
Especially valuable results are obtained employing a transparent outer layer formed of cel- As stated, the desired compositions may also be employed in the form of a molding powder of suitable composition which may be prepared in v accordance with methods well known in the art.
. base material is employed, plasticizers such as,
for example, dimethyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, diethyl phthalate, triacetin, tripropionin, triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, dimethoxy ethyl phthalate, dibutyl tartrate, ethyl tolu e'ne sulfonamide, camphor and methyl fphthallyl ethyl glycollate are, suitable. The plasticizer may be present in amounts up to 60% or more on the weight of cellulose derivative in the composition.
In order further to illustrate my invention but without being limited thereto the following examples are given:
. Example I To obtain a composite sheet material exhibiting a. brilliant green color in daylight as well as a brilliant green fluorescence under ultra-violet light, an opaque sheet material 0.125 inch in thickness is prepared from the following composition: I
Parts by weight Cellulose acetate (53% acetyl, calculated as acetic acid Dimethyl phthalate ,30
C. P. Glen Green XXLT (color index r v No. 1298) V i 1.23
This sheet is combined with a transparent fluorescent cellulose acetate sheet 0.02 inch thick of the following composition:
Parts by weight Cellulose acetate (53% acetyl) 100f Dimethyl phthalate 30 Brilliant sulfo flavine FFA' (General Dyestuif N. Y.) 0.152
Rhodamine B Extra (0. I. No. 749) daylight color and a bright, glowing fluorescent color under ultra-violet light which colors are substantially identical whether viewed under daylight or ultra-violet light.
Example II A brilliantly colored orange sheet material may be obtained by combining an opaque base sheet of the following composition:
Methyl phthallyl ethyl glycollate 30 The orange color of the composite material exhibited under ultra-violet light is substantially I identical to that under daylight. r
Example III A brilliantly colored yellow sheet material having a bright yellow color under daylight and a bright yellow glow under ultra-violet light is obtained employing an opaque base sheet of the following composition:
Cellulose nitrate 10o Camphor g Chrome yellow (C. I. 1270) 1.85
and combining itwith a transparent sheet .020 inch in thickness comprising Parts by weight Parts by weight Parts by weight Cellulose acetate (53% acety1) 100 AlizarineLake 63 (C. I. No. 1027) 0.021 Titanium dioxide (0. I. No. 1264) 0.301 Ultramarine blue 3P (0.1. No. 1290) 0.857 Triacetin 20 v witha transparent fluorescent sheet 0.020 inches 1 in thickness of the following composition:
' Parts by weight Cellulose acetate (56% acetyl) 10o Calco Condensation Fluorescent Blue I..- Tripropionin.
It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
In a process for the production of orange colored materials capable of fiuorescing brightly under the influence of ultra-violet light in sub-' stantially the same orange color, the step which comprises laminating a sheet of a colored, transparent cellulose acetate material having diethyl- M-amino-phenolphthalein incorporated therein to. a non-fluorescent, opaque, colored cellulose acetate base material pigmented with lead chromate, the resulting laminated material exhibiting an orange color substantially identical under both visible light and ultra-violet-light.
ERNEST SCHWEIZER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
Ethyl cellulose Diethyl phthalate 30 Calcozlne Red 6 G Extra (C. I. No. 752) 0.044
' Example Ill A bright blue material having a clear bright blue color under both visible light and ultra- I violet light is produced by combining a colored opaque base sheet o! the tollowing composition:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date R 12,812 Hammer .June 16, 1908 1,244,058 Langer Oct. 23, 1917 1,813,491 Gillard July 7, 1931 1,967,261 Ripper July 24, 1934 2,246,095 Graves June 17, 1941 2,319,222
Ferris May 18, 1943
Priority Applications (1)
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US580488A US2458104A (en) | 1945-03-01 | 1945-03-01 | Fluorescent materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US580488A US2458104A (en) | 1945-03-01 | 1945-03-01 | Fluorescent materials |
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US2458104A true US2458104A (en) | 1949-01-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US580488A Expired - Lifetime US2458104A (en) | 1945-03-01 | 1945-03-01 | Fluorescent materials |
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US (1) | US2458104A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2924549A (en) * | 1955-12-15 | 1960-02-09 | Bayer Ag | Paper containing an organic fluorescent dye |
US3030870A (en) * | 1957-04-09 | 1962-04-24 | Karl W Flocks | Marker |
US3050578A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1962-08-21 | Gen Motors Corp | Retainer |
US3291668A (en) * | 1962-09-19 | 1966-12-13 | Julius Goldstein & Sons Co | Phosphorescent coated textile |
US3767516A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1973-10-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Laminate of cotton paper core with resin fluorescent material scribed to expose core |
US3767517A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1973-10-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Laminate of cotton paper core with resin phosphorescent material scribed to expose core |
US3922435A (en) * | 1971-10-15 | 1975-11-25 | Dennison Mfg Co | Heat transfer label |
US4157182A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1979-06-05 | Levine Alfred B | Falling target light game and target practice device |
US4784708A (en) * | 1986-06-11 | 1988-11-15 | Waldorf Corporation | Bonding method of employing gluability enhancement composition |
US20060264550A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Maurizio Porcelli | Non-infringment composition |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1244058A (en) * | 1916-03-15 | 1917-10-23 | Robert F Langer | Art of making phosphorescent colors. |
US1813491A (en) * | 1926-09-17 | 1931-07-07 | Vividad Holdings Ltd | Luminous advertisement |
US1967261A (en) * | 1926-05-15 | 1934-07-24 | Synthetic Plastics Company Inc | Condensation product of urea and formaldehyde and method of making same |
US2246095A (en) * | 1937-12-16 | 1941-06-17 | Du Pont | Coating composition |
US2319222A (en) * | 1941-12-22 | 1943-05-18 | Warren B Ferris | Fluorescent device |
-
1945
- 1945-03-01 US US580488A patent/US2458104A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1244058A (en) * | 1916-03-15 | 1917-10-23 | Robert F Langer | Art of making phosphorescent colors. |
US1967261A (en) * | 1926-05-15 | 1934-07-24 | Synthetic Plastics Company Inc | Condensation product of urea and formaldehyde and method of making same |
US1813491A (en) * | 1926-09-17 | 1931-07-07 | Vividad Holdings Ltd | Luminous advertisement |
US2246095A (en) * | 1937-12-16 | 1941-06-17 | Du Pont | Coating composition |
US2319222A (en) * | 1941-12-22 | 1943-05-18 | Warren B Ferris | Fluorescent device |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2924549A (en) * | 1955-12-15 | 1960-02-09 | Bayer Ag | Paper containing an organic fluorescent dye |
US3030870A (en) * | 1957-04-09 | 1962-04-24 | Karl W Flocks | Marker |
US3050578A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1962-08-21 | Gen Motors Corp | Retainer |
US3291668A (en) * | 1962-09-19 | 1966-12-13 | Julius Goldstein & Sons Co | Phosphorescent coated textile |
US3922435A (en) * | 1971-10-15 | 1975-11-25 | Dennison Mfg Co | Heat transfer label |
US3767516A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1973-10-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Laminate of cotton paper core with resin fluorescent material scribed to expose core |
US3767517A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1973-10-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Laminate of cotton paper core with resin phosphorescent material scribed to expose core |
US4157182A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1979-06-05 | Levine Alfred B | Falling target light game and target practice device |
US4784708A (en) * | 1986-06-11 | 1988-11-15 | Waldorf Corporation | Bonding method of employing gluability enhancement composition |
US20060264550A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Maurizio Porcelli | Non-infringment composition |
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