US2434143A - Supersonic signal transmitter and receiver - Google Patents

Supersonic signal transmitter and receiver Download PDF

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Publication number
US2434143A
US2434143A US503785A US50378543A US2434143A US 2434143 A US2434143 A US 2434143A US 503785 A US503785 A US 503785A US 50378543 A US50378543 A US 50378543A US 2434143 A US2434143 A US 2434143A
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plastic material
receiver
signal transmitter
piezoelectric
sheets
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US503785A
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Chilowsky Constantin
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Priority claimed from US483514A external-priority patent/US2420864A/en
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Priority to US503785A priority Critical patent/US2434143A/en
Priority to FR944718D priority patent/FR944718A/en
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Publication of US2434143A publication Critical patent/US2434143A/en
Priority to CH278746D priority patent/CH278746A/en
Priority to GB6352/48A priority patent/GB665451A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • B06B1/0674—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a low impedance backing, e.g. air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N30/09—Forming piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
    • H10N30/092—Forming composite materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
    • H10N30/852—Composite materials, e.g. having 1-3 or 2-2 type connectivity

Definitions

  • An object of the invention is to provide such a device for the reception and emission of supersonic waves which includes one or moresheets or' plates of piezoelectric plastic material which may be substantially larger than the piezoelectric elements heretofore known and used.
  • a further object consists in providing certain improvements in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts whereby the above'named 'and other objects may effectively be attained.
  • the material will be electrically polarized in one or the other direction according to the sign of the compression andy opposite electric charges will appear on opposite surfaces of a lamination in this material.
  • the saturation of the plastic material with the uniformly oriented piezoelectric crystals should be substantially as dense as possible.
  • the orientation of the crystal particles may be produced either in the course of the preparation of the material or after its otherwise complete fabrication, as set forth in the application above referred to.
  • FIG. 1 represents a face view of a signaling device
  • Fig. 2- represents a vertical section taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 represents a corresponding vertical section of a modified form of the device.
  • the-apparatus shown is intended for the emission and reception of supersonic waves and utilizes the piezoelectric plastic material described above: the apparatus being preferably of large linear dimensions and operative in two opposite directions.
  • a metallic plate i is placed in the middle between two layers of ultra-sound reecting material 2 which may be. for instance. solidl foams of plastic material.
  • ultra-sound reecting material 2 which may be. for instance. solidl foams of plastic material.
  • Next to the reflecting layersz are placed thin sheets of metal 3 and next to these sheets are layers of piezoelectric plastic material 4;' all said layers and sheets being intimately connected, as by cementing.
  • the assembly of parts lust described is surrounded at its periphery by a ring of insulating material 5 within a metallic reinforcing ring 8 and the plate i is grounded' to at -zero v the ring B so that it will be maintained potential.
  • Protective coverings of ultra-sound transparent material may be provided for the exposed surfaces of the layers t, if desired.
  • the metal sheets 3 are connected, respectively. to the lead wires I which are encased within a watertight housing or cable 8: the wires 1 being associated with a suitable source of alternating potential for signal emission, or with suitable signal translating apparatus for signal reception.
  • the middle sheet I at zero potential, forms an electrical separation between the twooperating halves of the device, and the outer surfaces of the layers 4, whether covered or uncovered. .are also at zero potential.
  • a layer of reflecting material 9 is placed in the middle, between metallic sheets i0 which are grounded to the outer metallic ring il.
  • the layers of piezoelectric plastic material i2 are placed next to the metal sheets i0, and metallic sheets or electrodes i3 are provided on the outer surfaces of the layers i2. except The whole assembly, the ring ii, is contained within an insulating case il. the' flat walls of which are transparent to ultra-sound.
  • the sheets or electrodes electrical apparatus for eniission or reception, as previously described. Because the piezoelectric plastic material may be manufactured in any desired size or shape, it isv possible to make ultra-sound detecting devices of the type exemplinedherein in sizes and shapes which have heretofore been impossible,
  • a supersonic signal transmitter and receiver comprising, a metallic backing sheet, a sheet of ultra-sound reecting material adjacent said backing sheet, a layer of piezoelectric plastic material having one surface facing said reflecting material and the other surface facing the direction of transmission and reception of supersonic signals, and an insulated electrode on one of said surfaces, the backing sheet being positioned between the reecting material and the piezoelectric plastic material, and the electrode being covered by a layer of ultra-sound transparent insulating material.
  • a supersonic signal transmitter and receiver comprising, a sheet of ultra-sound reflecting material, metallic backing sheets on both surfaces of said reecting sheet, layers of piezoelectric plastic material adjacent said backing sheets, electrodes on the face of each layer of plastic material opposite to the backing sheets, and layers of ultra sound transparent insulating material covering said electrodes.
  • a supersonic signal transmitter and receiver adapted for operation simultaneously in two opposite directions comprising, two metallic backing sheets, a. sheet of ultra-sound reecting material .between said backing sheets, layers of piezoelectric plastic material on the sides of said backing sheets opposite from the reflecting material, vwhereby each backing sheet is positioned between the reflecting material and a respective layer of piezoelectric plastic material, each of said l0 layers having one surface facing said reflecting material and the other surface facing a direction of transmission and reception of supersonic signals, and having an insulated electrode on one of said surfaces covered by a layer of ultra-sound transparent insulating material.

Description

Jan. 6, 1948. cfcHlLowsKY I SUERSONIC SIGNAL TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER Original Filed April 17, 1943 V151; .IIIIIIIIIIIII- I F' .1.. *PI
By L
Mmmm:
Patented Jan. 6, 1948 Constantin Chiiowsky, New York. N. Y.
Original application Apqrll 0.
483,514, now Patent 20, 1947. Divided an This invention relates to a submarine signaling device and particularly to such a device which' may have large linear dimensions and which includes, as an active element. a sheet or plate of piezoelectric plastic material described in application Serial No. 483,514, filed April 1'1, 1943, now Patent No. 2,420,864, May 20, 1947,-of which'application this is a division.
An object of the invention is to provide such a device for the reception and emission of supersonic waves which includes one or moresheets or' plates of piezoelectric plastic material which may be substantially larger than the piezoelectric elements heretofore known and used.
A further object consists in providing certain improvements in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts whereby the above'named 'and other objects may effectively be attained.
As described in said application Serial No. 483,514, it is proposed to incorporate in a suitable plastic material a quantity of piezoelectric substance in the form of ne particles evenly distributed in the plastic material, thus4 forming a composite mass which retains a certain degree of elasticity. In order that this product may, as a whole, exhibit useful piezoelectric characteristics, the crystals of the imbedded piezoelectric substance are oriented in substantially the same direction with respect to their electrical artes. so that the compression and expansion of the composite material will cause the appearance onthe faces` ofthe crystal particles 17, 1943, Seri N0. 2,420,884, dated Ml! d this application Septembex-.25, 1943. Serial No. 503,785
3 Claims. (Cl. 177-386) of uniformly oriented opposite electric charges.
As a result the material will be electrically polarized in one or the other direction according to the sign of the compression andy opposite electric charges will appear on opposite surfaces of a lamination in this material. Conversely,- of course, when a sheet, plate or lamination of the material is placed in an electrical field of suitable high alternating frequency it will respond with Ahigh frequency vibrations. For obtaining the most pronounced effect, the saturation of the plastic material with the uniformly oriented piezoelectric crystals should be substantially as dense as possible.' The orientation of the crystal particles may be produced either in the course of the preparation of the material or after its otherwise complete fabrication, as set forth in the application above referred to.
A practical embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 represents a face view of a signaling device;
' I3 are connected to suitable Fig. 2- represents a vertical section taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1. and
Fig. 3 represents a corresponding vertical section of a modified form of the device.
Referring to the drawings. it will be understood that the-apparatus shown is intended for the emission and reception of supersonic waves and utilizes the piezoelectric plastic material described above: the apparatus being preferably of large linear dimensions and operative in two opposite directions. In thisk device a metallic plate i is placed in the middle between two layers of ultra-sound reecting material 2 which may be. for instance. solidl foams of plastic material. Next to the reflecting layersz are placed thin sheets of metal 3 and next to these sheets are layers of piezoelectric plastic material 4;' all said layers and sheets being intimately connected, as by cementing. The assembly of parts lust described is surrounded at its periphery by a ring of insulating material 5 within a metallic reinforcing ring 8 and the plate i is grounded' to at -zero v the ring B so that it will be maintained potential. Protective coverings of ultra-sound transparent material (metal foil forinstance) may be provided for the exposed surfaces of the layers t, if desired. The metal sheets 3 are connected, respectively. to the lead wires I which are encased within a watertight housing or cable 8: the wires 1 being associated with a suitable source of alternating potential for signal emission, or with suitable signal translating apparatus for signal reception. The middle sheet I, at zero potential, forms an electrical separation between the twooperating halves of the device, and the outer surfaces of the layers 4, whether covered or uncovered. .are also at zero potential.
In the modified form of apparatus shown in Fig. 3. a layer of reflecting material 9 is placed in the middle, between metallic sheets i0 which are grounded to the outer metallic ring il. The layers of piezoelectric plastic material i2 are placed next to the metal sheets i0, and metallic sheets or electrodes i3 are provided on the outer surfaces of the layers i2. except The whole assembly, the ring ii, is contained within an insulating case il. the' flat walls of which are transparent to ultra-sound. The sheets or electrodes electrical apparatus for eniission or reception, as previously described. Because the piezoelectric plastic material may be manufactured in any desired size or shape, it isv possible to make ultra-sound detecting devices of the type exemplinedherein in sizes and shapes which have heretofore been impossible,
and such devices, even up ,to one meter or more in diameter, will be able to withstand vibrations and high pressures without damage while proving far more effective for signal transmission and reception than the small quartz crystal devices used heretofore.
It will be understood that various changes may be made in the construction, form' and arrangement of the several parts without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention and hence I do not intend to be limited to the particular embodiment herein shown and described, but what I claim is:
l. A supersonic signal transmitter and receiver comprising, a metallic backing sheet, a sheet of ultra-sound reecting material adjacent said backing sheet, a layer of piezoelectric plastic material having one surface facing said reflecting material and the other surface facing the direction of transmission and reception of supersonic signals, and an insulated electrode on one of said surfaces, the backing sheet being positioned between the reecting material and the piezoelectric plastic material, and the electrode being covered by a layer of ultra-sound transparent insulating material.
2. A supersonic signal transmitter and receiver comprising, a sheet of ultra-sound reflecting material, metallic backing sheets on both surfaces of said reecting sheet, layers of piezoelectric plastic material adjacent said backing sheets, electrodes on the face of each layer of plastic material opposite to the backing sheets, and layers of ultra sound transparent insulating material covering said electrodes.
3. A supersonic signal transmitter and receiver adapted for operation simultaneously in two opposite directions comprising, two metallic backing sheets, a. sheet of ultra-sound reecting material .between said backing sheets, layers of piezoelectric plastic material on the sides of said backing sheets opposite from the reflecting material, vwhereby each backing sheet is positioned between the reflecting material and a respective layer of piezoelectric plastic material, each of said l0 layers having one surface facing said reflecting material and the other surface facing a direction of transmission and reception of supersonic signals, and having an insulated electrode on one of said surfaces covered by a layer of ultra-sound transparent insulating material.
CONSTANTIN CHILOWSKY.
REFERENCES CITED UNTED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,105,010 Sawyer Jan. 11, 1938 1,788,405 Nicolson Jan. 13, 1931 1,830,328 Nicolson Nov. 3, 1931 2,283,285 Pohlman May 19, 1942 2,233,992 Wyckoi Mar. 4, 1941 2,009,451 Kunze July 30, 1935 2,086,891 Bachmann et al. July 13, 1937 1,471,547 Chilowsky et al. Oct. 23, 1923 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 476,506 Germany May 22, 1929
US503785A 1943-04-17 1943-09-25 Supersonic signal transmitter and receiver Expired - Lifetime US2434143A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US503785A US2434143A (en) 1943-04-17 1943-09-25 Supersonic signal transmitter and receiver
FR944718D FR944718A (en) 1943-04-17 1947-04-04 Artificial piezoelectric material and method and devices for its manufacture
CH278746D CH278746A (en) 1943-04-17 1948-02-27 A process for the manufacture of a piezoelectric compound material and a piezoelectric compound material obtained by this process.
GB6352/48A GB665451A (en) 1943-04-17 1948-02-29 Piezoelectric plastic material and method of making same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US483514A US2420864A (en) 1943-04-17 1943-04-17 Piezoelectric plastic material and method of making same
US503785A US2434143A (en) 1943-04-17 1943-09-25 Supersonic signal transmitter and receiver

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GB (1) GB665451A (en)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2518883A (en) * 1947-08-29 1950-08-15 Brush Dev Co Means for and method of moistureproofing a piezoelectric crystal element
US2636134A (en) * 1947-10-01 1953-04-21 Arnold B Arons Piezoelectric pressure gauge element
US2688121A (en) * 1951-11-03 1954-08-31 Andersen Lab Inc Ultrasonic delay line
US2746291A (en) * 1950-09-08 1956-05-22 Robert C Swengel Fluid velocity measuring system
US2748369A (en) * 1951-12-07 1956-05-29 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Transducer
US2775434A (en) * 1951-04-28 1956-12-25 Siemens Ag Immersion devices for treating liquids
US2875352A (en) * 1953-03-04 1959-02-24 Gulton Ind Inc Blast gauge
US2961635A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-11-22 Winfield J Trott Low-frequency underwater sound flexure mode ring drive transducer
US3202962A (en) * 1959-09-03 1965-08-24 Honeywell Inc Transducer
US3321648A (en) * 1964-06-04 1967-05-23 Sonus Corp Piezoelectric filter element
US3443170A (en) * 1968-02-09 1969-05-06 Charles F Pulvari Ohmic contact to a substrate of insulating material having a doped semiconductive oxide providing a stepped energy gap
US3555311A (en) * 1969-01-23 1971-01-12 Marquardt Corp High pressure piezoelectric transducer
US3562451A (en) * 1968-06-11 1971-02-09 Us Navy Microphone and headset for underwater swimmer
US3798474A (en) * 1971-07-08 1974-03-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Pressure wave piezoelectric sensor of continuous structure
US3943387A (en) * 1973-03-29 1976-03-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for making a piezoelectric body
FR2469852A1 (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-05-22 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd ULTRA-SOUND TRANSDUCER FOR USE AS A SONAR
US4326155A (en) * 1980-06-03 1982-04-20 Griebeler Elmer L Shockwave probe
WO1992018256A1 (en) * 1991-04-20 1992-10-29 Jones Richard W Device for acoustic wave generation

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE965542C (en) * 1952-09-27 1957-06-13 Siemens Ag Piezoelectric oscillator made of ceramic
DE2914031C2 (en) * 1979-04-06 1981-01-15 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Ultrasonic transducer
GB2219129B (en) * 1988-05-26 1992-06-03 Plessey Co Plc Improvements in and relating to piezoelectric composites

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1471547A (en) * 1917-05-19 1923-10-23 Chilowsky Constantin Production of submarine signals and the location of suemarine orjects
DE476506C (en) * 1928-04-18 1929-05-22 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Process for the production of piezoelectric bodies
US1788405A (en) * 1927-01-11 1931-01-13 Fed Telegraph Co Composite piezo-electric acoustic device
US1830328A (en) * 1926-12-20 1931-11-03 Fed Telegraph Co Cast piezo-electric device
US2009451A (en) * 1931-01-17 1935-07-30 Submarine Signal Co Towing device
US2086891A (en) * 1934-10-23 1937-07-13 Bachmann Jakob August Method of treatment for fermented and distilled beverages and the like
US2105010A (en) * 1933-02-25 1938-01-11 Brush Dev Co Piezoelectric device
US2233992A (en) * 1938-01-03 1941-03-04 Gulf Research Development Co Method of and apparatus for surveying wells
US2283285A (en) * 1938-05-25 1942-05-19 Pohlman Reimar Massage

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1471547A (en) * 1917-05-19 1923-10-23 Chilowsky Constantin Production of submarine signals and the location of suemarine orjects
US1830328A (en) * 1926-12-20 1931-11-03 Fed Telegraph Co Cast piezo-electric device
US1788405A (en) * 1927-01-11 1931-01-13 Fed Telegraph Co Composite piezo-electric acoustic device
DE476506C (en) * 1928-04-18 1929-05-22 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Process for the production of piezoelectric bodies
US2009451A (en) * 1931-01-17 1935-07-30 Submarine Signal Co Towing device
US2105010A (en) * 1933-02-25 1938-01-11 Brush Dev Co Piezoelectric device
US2086891A (en) * 1934-10-23 1937-07-13 Bachmann Jakob August Method of treatment for fermented and distilled beverages and the like
US2233992A (en) * 1938-01-03 1941-03-04 Gulf Research Development Co Method of and apparatus for surveying wells
US2283285A (en) * 1938-05-25 1942-05-19 Pohlman Reimar Massage

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2518883A (en) * 1947-08-29 1950-08-15 Brush Dev Co Means for and method of moistureproofing a piezoelectric crystal element
US2636134A (en) * 1947-10-01 1953-04-21 Arnold B Arons Piezoelectric pressure gauge element
US2746291A (en) * 1950-09-08 1956-05-22 Robert C Swengel Fluid velocity measuring system
US2775434A (en) * 1951-04-28 1956-12-25 Siemens Ag Immersion devices for treating liquids
US2688121A (en) * 1951-11-03 1954-08-31 Andersen Lab Inc Ultrasonic delay line
US2748369A (en) * 1951-12-07 1956-05-29 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Transducer
US2875352A (en) * 1953-03-04 1959-02-24 Gulton Ind Inc Blast gauge
US2961635A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-11-22 Winfield J Trott Low-frequency underwater sound flexure mode ring drive transducer
US3202962A (en) * 1959-09-03 1965-08-24 Honeywell Inc Transducer
US3321648A (en) * 1964-06-04 1967-05-23 Sonus Corp Piezoelectric filter element
US3443170A (en) * 1968-02-09 1969-05-06 Charles F Pulvari Ohmic contact to a substrate of insulating material having a doped semiconductive oxide providing a stepped energy gap
US3562451A (en) * 1968-06-11 1971-02-09 Us Navy Microphone and headset for underwater swimmer
US3555311A (en) * 1969-01-23 1971-01-12 Marquardt Corp High pressure piezoelectric transducer
US3798474A (en) * 1971-07-08 1974-03-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Pressure wave piezoelectric sensor of continuous structure
US3943387A (en) * 1973-03-29 1976-03-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for making a piezoelectric body
FR2469852A1 (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-05-22 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd ULTRA-SOUND TRANSDUCER FOR USE AS A SONAR
US4326155A (en) * 1980-06-03 1982-04-20 Griebeler Elmer L Shockwave probe
US4459526A (en) * 1980-06-03 1984-07-10 Griebeler Elmer L Multi apertured lens shock wave probe
WO1992018256A1 (en) * 1991-04-20 1992-10-29 Jones Richard W Device for acoustic wave generation

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CH278746A (en) 1951-10-31
FR944718A (en) 1949-04-13
GB665451A (en) 1952-01-23

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