US2277520A - Method of making coated abrasives - Google Patents

Method of making coated abrasives Download PDF

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Publication number
US2277520A
US2277520A US66627A US6662736A US2277520A US 2277520 A US2277520 A US 2277520A US 66627 A US66627 A US 66627A US 6662736 A US6662736 A US 6662736A US 2277520 A US2277520 A US 2277520A
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adhesive
coating
grains
abrasive
coated
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US66627A
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Harry C Martin
Carl W Foss
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Unifrax 1 LLC
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Carborundum Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/001Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
    • B24D11/005Making abrasive webs

Definitions

  • Patenterl Mar. 24, 1942 METHOD OF MAKING COATED ABRASIVES Harry 0. Martin and Carl W. Foss, Niagara Falls, N. Y., assignors, by mesne assignments, to The Carborundum Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application March 2, 1936, Serial No. 66,627
  • This invention relates to an improved method of making coated abrasive articles such as abrasive sheets, belts, discs, and the like.
  • One object of the invention is to provide an improved form of coated abrasives characterized by an unusual cutting ability and exceptionally long life. Another object of the invention is to provide a method for making an article of the character described. Still another object of the invention is to provide abrasive articles and the method of manufacturing the same comprising a backing coat with a substantially single layer of abrasive grains some of which are additionally coated with a second layer of grains whereby the coating will consist of areas covered by a substantially single layer of grains interspersed with clusters or mounds of additional grains attached to some of the first mentioned grains.
  • Coated abrasive articles have heretofore commonly been made by coating a backing material with an adhesive, distributing the abrasive grain over the surface of the adhesive, and then setting up the adhesive so as to attach the grains firmly to the backing.
  • a second or sizing coating of adhesive is commonly applied over the surface of the abrasive grains to assist in attaching them to the backing.
  • an abrasive coated product having a cutting rate and an abrading life upwards of 3 to 50% greater than the life of the usual articles of this character can be made by first coating the backing with a restricted amount of grains and then adhesively coating the thus coated articles with additional abrasive grains.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of a backing coated with abrasive grains and adhesive by the first step of our process
  • Figure 2 represents the article of Figure 1 additionally coated with a layer of adhesive
  • Figure 3 shows the article of Figure 2 additionally coated with a second layer of abrasive grains
  • Figure 4 illustrates one form of finished article made according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a backing I to a surface of which is attached abrasive grains 2 by an adhesive 3.
  • the article of Figure 1 has been additionally coated with a layer of adhesive 4.
  • an adidtional coating of abrasive grains 5 has been applied to the article of Figure 2 and in Figure 4 a final or sizing coating of adhesive 6 is shown applied to the article of Figure 3.
  • the invention we commonly employ the conventional methods of applying the individual coats of adhesive and abrasive grains.
  • Such a method is fully described and illustrated in a bulletin issued by the Canadian Bureau of Mines as No. 699 entitled Artificial Abrasives and Manufactured Abrasive Products and Their Uses (pp. 72 to 79).
  • the method comprises passing a web between a pair of rotating rolls, one of which is partially submerged in a vat of adhesive whereby a layer of adhesive 3 is applied to the backing material I.
  • a controlled and restricted amount of grain is then applied uniformly over the adhesive coated surface to form what is known in the art as an open coating, the adhesive is hardened sufliciently to hold the grains to the surface, and the thus coated web is passed between a second pair 'of rotating rolls where the second making coat of adhesive 4 is applied over the backing and over the tops of the grains 2.
  • the thus coated web is then additionally coated with further abrasive grains 5 and is finally sized with the adhesive coating 6 in the manner described in connection with coatings 3 and 4. Following any or all of the applications of adhesive the coated web may be suitably treated to harden the adhesive.
  • This application of adhesive may be put on by either mixing the abrasive grains with a liquid adhesive or the grains may be covered with a layer of solid adhesive by any of a number of well known methods.
  • abrasive coated products are at present made with glue as the adhesive
  • our invention can be adapted to a variety of other adhesives such as resins, modified rubber, or other suitable adhesive material.
  • adhesives such as resins, modified rubber, or other suitable adhesive material.
  • These materials may be in the form of solutions, colloidal suspensions or dispersions, or they may be normally liquid materials which are heat hardenable such as certain phenolic condensation products which are'liquid when first reacted but which are converted to a solid condition by heating or other treatment,
  • the abrasive grains may be any of the types commonly employed such as silicon carbide, fused alumina, garnet or flint, and we have sometimes found it useful to employ different kinds of grains for the two coatings.
  • steps which comprise coating a backing material with a layer of adhesive, applying an open coating of abrasive grains to the ad hesive coating so as to leave a substantial proportion of the adhesive uncoated with the grains, and then additionally coating the coated surface with adhesive and. a secondary coating of abrasive grains, whereby the coated surface comprises uniformly distributed areas coated with single abrasive grains interspersed with areas coated with clusters containing a plurality of grains.
  • abrasive coated products comprising first coating a backing with a substantially uniformly distributed open coating of abrasive grains so as to leave a substantial proportion of the backing uncoated and then adhesively attaching a second I an adhesive, applying a substantially uniformly I coating in an amount sufficient to substanti:.lly cover the previously uncoated parts of the backing and the grains which were first applied, whereby the coated surface comprises uniformly distributed areas coated with single abrasive grains interspersed with areas coated with clusters containing a plurality of grains.
  • steps which comprise coating a backing material withan adhesive, applying a limited amount of abrasive grain to the adhesive coating so as to coat only a minor proportion of the surface with grain substantially uniformly distributed as an open coating, applying a second coating of adhesive to the coated side of the backing and then applying additional abrasive grain in a quantity sufficient to substantially completelycover both the adhesive surface and the first coating of abrasive grains.
  • the steps which comprise coating a backing with distributed open coating of abrasive grains to the backing in an amount sufficient to cover not more I than about 25 per cent of the surface of the backing, applying a second coating of adhesive to the thus coated backing, and then applying an additional coating of grains to the coated backing, whereby the coated surface comprises uniformly distributed areas coated with single abrasive grains interspersed with areas coated with clusters containing a plurality of grains.
  • an abrasive article comprising coating a backing material with an adhesive, applying a substantially uniformly distributed open coating of abrasive grain to the adhesive coating so as to coat only a minor proportion of the surface with grain, applying a second coating of adhesive to the coated side of the backing, applying additional abrasive grain in. a quantity sufficient to substantially completely cover both the adhesive surface and the first coating of abrasive grains, and finally applying a third coating of adhesive over the grain covered surfaces.
  • abrasive article in the method of making an abrasive article the steps which comprise coating a backing material with an adhesive, applying a substantially uniformly distributed open coating of abrasive grain to the adhesive coating so as to coat only a minor proportion of the surface with grain, applying a second coating of adhesive to the coated side of the backing and then applying additional abrasive grains which have been preliminarily provided with coatings of solid adhesive, said additional coating'being made in a quantity sufficient to substantially completely cover both the adhesive surface and the first coating of abrasive grains.

Description

March 24,1942. H. c. MARTIN ETAL 2,277,520
METHOD OF MAKING COATED ABRASIVES Filed March 2, 1936 INVENTORS HARRY C, MARTIN BY CARL. W. FOSS ATTdRNEY.
Patenterl Mar. 24, 1942 METHOD OF MAKING COATED ABRASIVES Harry 0. Martin and Carl W. Foss, Niagara Falls, N. Y., assignors, by mesne assignments, to The Carborundum Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application March 2, 1936, Serial No. 66,627
6 Claims.
This invention relates to an improved method of making coated abrasive articles such as abrasive sheets, belts, discs, and the like.
One object of the invention is to provide an improved form of coated abrasives characterized by an unusual cutting ability and exceptionally long life. Another object of the invention is to provide a method for making an article of the character described. Still another object of the invention is to provide abrasive articles and the method of manufacturing the same comprising a backing coat with a substantially single layer of abrasive grains some of which are additionally coated with a second layer of grains whereby the coating will consist of areas covered by a substantially single layer of grains interspersed with clusters or mounds of additional grains attached to some of the first mentioned grains.
Coated abrasive articles have heretofore commonly been made by coating a backing material with an adhesive, distributing the abrasive grain over the surface of the adhesive, and then setting up the adhesive so as to attach the grains firmly to the backing. A second or sizing coating of adhesive is commonly applied over the surface of the abrasive grains to assist in attaching them to the backing.
We have found that an abrasive coated product having a cutting rate and an abrading life upwards of 3 to 50% greater than the life of the usual articles of this character can be made by first coating the backing with a restricted amount of grains and then adhesively coating the thus coated articles with additional abrasive grains.
We have illustrated our invention by a number of drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a backing coated with abrasive grains and adhesive by the first step of our process;
Figure 2 represents the article of Figure 1 additionally coated with a layer of adhesive;
Figure 3 shows the article of Figure 2 additionally coated with a second layer of abrasive grains; and
Figure 4 illustrates one form of finished article made according to the invention.
Referring to the drawing, Figure 1 shows a backing I to a surface of which is attached abrasive grains 2 by an adhesive 3. In Figure 2, the article of Figure 1 has been additionally coated with a layer of adhesive 4. In Figure 3, an adidtional coating of abrasive grains 5 has been applied to the article of Figure 2 and in Figure 4 a final or sizing coating of adhesive 6 is shown applied to the article of Figure 3.
In carrying out, the invention we commonly employ the conventional methods of applying the individual coats of adhesive and abrasive grains. Such a method is fully described and illustrated in a bulletin issued by the Canadian Bureau of Mines as No. 699 entitled Artificial Abrasives and Manufactured Abrasive Products and Their Uses (pp. 72 to 79). Briefly, the method comprises passing a web between a pair of rotating rolls, one of which is partially submerged in a vat of adhesive whereby a layer of adhesive 3 is applied to the backing material I.
A controlled and restricted amount of grain is then applied uniformly over the adhesive coated surface to form what is known in the art as an open coating, the adhesive is hardened sufliciently to hold the grains to the surface, and the thus coated web is passed between a second pair 'of rotating rolls where the second making coat of adhesive 4 is applied over the backing and over the tops of the grains 2. The thus coated web is then additionally coated with further abrasive grains 5 and is finally sized with the adhesive coating 6 in the manner described in connection with coatings 3 and 4. Following any or all of the applications of adhesive the coated web may be suitably treated to harden the adhesive.
While it is customary to apply the adhesive and the abrasive grains in the manner thus described, we sometimes find it convenient to apply one or more of the coatings by other methods such as by spraying or by brushing on the adhesive.
Furthermore, we have sometimes found it convenient to apply the third coating about the abrasive granules before they are put on the backing. This application of adhesive may be put on by either mixing the abrasive grains with a liquid adhesive or the grains may be covered with a layer of solid adhesive by any of a number of well known methods.
While most abrasive coated products are at present made with glue as the adhesive, our invention can be adapted to a variety of other adhesives such as resins, modified rubber, or other suitable adhesive material. These materials may be in the form of solutions, colloidal suspensions or dispersions, or they may be normally liquid materials which are heat hardenable such as certain phenolic condensation products which are'liquid when first reacted but which are converted to a solid condition by heating or other treatment,
The abrasive grains may be any of the types commonly employed such as silicon carbide, fused alumina, garnet or flint, and we have sometimes found it useful to employ different kinds of grains for the two coatings.
We have found that articles made in accordance with the method of our invention are exceptionally fast cutting and have unusually long abrading life, even with a weight of abrasive coating not materially greater than the weight of coating commonly employed by the older methods. Both the cutting rate and the abrading life are commonly found to be from 30 to 50% greater than the rate and life of articles made by the conventional method and carrying the same total weight of abrasive grains per unit of area.
We usually apply from about to of the total weight of abrasive grain in the first or open coating of grains 2 and the remainder in the second coating of grains 5. We have found that such proportions of the weights of coatings are satisfactory.
Upon examination our articles appear to contain mounds or clusters of grains formed about the grains applied in the first coating, interspersed with areas carrying a single layer of grains which are attached directly to the backing. Apparently this particular construction of the abrasive coating provides clearance spaces for the stock removed by the grains when the articles are used. As stated, the articles are very fast cutting and they are unusually sharp to the touch. They feel like articles made with coarse grits but develop the. surface characteristic of the particular grit size employed.
While we have described and illustrated our invention with reference to certain embodiments,
it is to'be understood that other modifications may be employed as defined by the appended claims.
We claim:
1. In the method of making abrasive coated products the. steps which comprise coating a backing material with a layer of adhesive, applying an open coating of abrasive grains to the ad hesive coating so as to leave a substantial proportion of the adhesive uncoated with the grains, and then additionally coating the coated surface with adhesive and. a secondary coating of abrasive grains, whereby the coated surface comprises uniformly distributed areas coated with single abrasive grains interspersed with areas coated with clusters containing a plurality of grains.
2. In the method of making abrasive coated products the steps which comprise first coating a backing with a substantially uniformly distributed open coating of abrasive grains so as to leave a substantial proportion of the backing uncoated and then adhesively attaching a second I an adhesive, applying a substantially uniformly I coating in an amount sufficient to substanti:.lly cover the previously uncoated parts of the backing and the grains which were first applied, whereby the coated surface comprises uniformly distributed areas coated with single abrasive grains interspersed with areas coated with clusters containing a plurality of grains.
3. In the method of making an abrasive article the steps which comprise coating a backing material withan adhesive, applying a limited amount of abrasive grain to the adhesive coating so as to coat only a minor proportion of the surface with grain substantially uniformly distributed as an open coating, applying a second coating of adhesive to the coated side of the backing and then applying additional abrasive grain in a quantity sufficient to substantially completelycover both the adhesive surface and the first coating of abrasive grains.
4. In the method of making an abrasive article the steps which comprise coating a backing with distributed open coating of abrasive grains to the backing in an amount sufficient to cover not more I than about 25 per cent of the surface of the backing, applying a second coating of adhesive to the thus coated backing, and then applying an additional coating of grains to the coated backing, whereby the coated surface comprises uniformly distributed areas coated with single abrasive grains interspersed with areas coated with clusters containing a plurality of grains.
5. In the method of making an abrasive article the steps which comprise coating a backing material with an adhesive, applying a substantially uniformly distributed open coating of abrasive grain to the adhesive coating so as to coat only a minor proportion of the surface with grain, applying a second coating of adhesive to the coated side of the backing, applying additional abrasive grain in. a quantity sufficient to substantially completely cover both the adhesive surface and the first coating of abrasive grains, and finally applying a third coating of adhesive over the grain covered surfaces.
6. In the method of making an abrasive article the steps which comprise coating a backing material with an adhesive, applying a substantially uniformly distributed open coating of abrasive grain to the adhesive coating so as to coat only a minor proportion of the surface with grain, applying a second coating of adhesive to the coated side of the backing and then applying additional abrasive grains which have been preliminarily provided with coatings of solid adhesive, said additional coating'being made in a quantity sufficient to substantially completely cover both the adhesive surface and the first coating of abrasive grains.
HARRY C. MARTIN. CARL W. FOSS.
US66627A 1936-03-02 1936-03-02 Method of making coated abrasives Expired - Lifetime US2277520A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2682733A (en) * 1950-08-16 1954-07-06 Bay State Abrasive Products Co Flexible abrasive band
US2755607A (en) * 1953-06-01 1956-07-24 Norton Co Coated abrasives
US3048482A (en) * 1958-10-22 1962-08-07 Rexall Drug Co Abrasive articles and methods of making the same
US3248189A (en) * 1962-01-02 1966-04-26 Dexco Corp Abrading tool structure
US3353308A (en) * 1963-06-04 1967-11-21 Zane Riccardo Flexible abrasive disc
US5921856A (en) * 1997-07-10 1999-07-13 Sp3, Inc. CVD diamond coated substrate for polishing pad conditioning head and method for making same
US20050025973A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-03 Slutz David E. CVD diamond-coated composite substrate containing a carbide-forming material and ceramic phases and method for making same
US20060283990A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-21 Mikael Lucander Method and apparatus for mechanical defibration of wood
US20100159805A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Goldsmith Paul S Rigid or flexible, macro-porous abrasive article
US8888878B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2014-11-18 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Coated abrasive aggregates and products containg same
US8968435B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-03-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for fine polishing of ophthalmic lenses
US9138867B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2015-09-22 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing surfaces
US9168638B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2015-10-27 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
US9321947B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-04-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing coated surfaces

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2682733A (en) * 1950-08-16 1954-07-06 Bay State Abrasive Products Co Flexible abrasive band
US2755607A (en) * 1953-06-01 1956-07-24 Norton Co Coated abrasives
US3048482A (en) * 1958-10-22 1962-08-07 Rexall Drug Co Abrasive articles and methods of making the same
US3248189A (en) * 1962-01-02 1966-04-26 Dexco Corp Abrading tool structure
US3353308A (en) * 1963-06-04 1967-11-21 Zane Riccardo Flexible abrasive disc
US5921856A (en) * 1997-07-10 1999-07-13 Sp3, Inc. CVD diamond coated substrate for polishing pad conditioning head and method for making same
US7367875B2 (en) 2003-07-25 2008-05-06 Morgan Advanced Ceramics, Inc. CVD diamond-coated composite substrate containing a carbide-forming material and ceramic phases and method for making same
US20050025973A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-03 Slutz David E. CVD diamond-coated composite substrate containing a carbide-forming material and ceramic phases and method for making same
US20050276979A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-12-15 Slutz David E CVD diamond-coated composite substrate containing a carbide-forming material and ceramic phases and method for making same
US20060283990A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-21 Mikael Lucander Method and apparatus for mechanical defibration of wood
US7819149B2 (en) * 2005-06-03 2010-10-26 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and apparatus for mechanical defibration of wood
US20100159805A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Goldsmith Paul S Rigid or flexible, macro-porous abrasive article
US8734205B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2014-05-27 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Rigid or flexible, macro-porous abrasive article
US8888878B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2014-11-18 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Coated abrasive aggregates and products containg same
US9168638B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2015-10-27 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
US9931733B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2018-04-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
US9321947B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-04-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing coated surfaces
US9138867B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2015-09-22 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing surfaces
US8968435B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-03-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for fine polishing of ophthalmic lenses

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