US2080623A - Oil well pump - Google Patents

Description

May 18,A 1937. w. F. MCMAHON 2,080,623

OIL WELL PUMP INVENTOR.

May 18, 1937. w. F. McMAHoN 2,080,623

OIL WELL PUMP Filed Aug. 12, 19:55 2 sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR.

Patented May 18, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I 6 Claims.

My invention relates to oil well pumping apparatus.

An object is to provide an assemblage of fixed and/or moving parts so arranged so as to utilizeV thereof, in the oil well, that will be subjected towear and to provide a means to speedily remove and replace said two parts.

Another object is to provide an oil well pump` ing apparatus that will not sand up and/or an oil well pumping apparatus in which al1` moving parts, that heretofore were subjected to sanding up, are eliminated.

A further object is to provide a new and novel means for replacing the Venturi tube and/or nozzle and Venturi orifice of a 'jet pump in an oil well without having to pull the tubing out of the oil well, but to do so by merely pulling the macaroni.

A main object is to provide a split Venturi tube.

A main object is to utilize the combined volumes of circulating liquid used as a motive medium and the entrained liquid to reduce the upstream flow or head from the bottom -of the pumping apparatus in the oil well tothe surface of the earth, by means of a hemispherical cup construction, in the oil well pumping apparatus, or its equivalent.

A further object is to-r provide, in van oil well pumping apparatus operated by a circulating liquid, a hemispherical cu`p to induce the circulating liquid to leave the hemispherical cup at an angle of about one hundred eighty degrees thereby almost ldoubling its effective pressure in doing work.

Another object is to provide a new and useful use for a tubing catcher in an oil well pumping apparatus, which is, that of reducing the stretch of the tubing or reducing the longitudinal movement of the tubing which movementv would have been caused by the reaction of the circulating liquid leaving a hemispherical cup, or its equivaient, in an oil well pumping apparatus.

With these and other objects in View, the invention resides and consists in the construction and novel combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and pointed out in the claims hereto appended, it being understood that various changes in the form, proportion, design, size and details of construction may be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departure from the `spirit or intent of this invention.

similiar characters of reference denote like or corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the accompanying drawings forming a' part of this specification, and upon which;

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the oil well pumping apparatus, showing it in an oil well, and showing the construction and novel combination and arrangement of parts thereof.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the new improved oil well pumping apparatus. ('I'he arrows indicate the direction of flow of liquid therein.)

at AU-AH Fig. 3 is a transverse section of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section at B-B of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section at CC" of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section at DD" of Fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a. diagrammatic sectional view of the end of the Venturi tube and the hemisphericai cup, showing the direction of motion of flow of liquid from the Venturi tube and leaving the hemispherical cup.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view, in section, vof my improved split Venturi tube, showing that it is formed of two truncated cones split at the smallest diameter. This split Venturi tube is an outstanding improvement in jet pumps for oil wells.

As this improved pumping apparatus is operated by a continuous circulated liquid used as a motive medium in connection with a split Venturi tube to entrain iluid from oil deposits in the earth and to raise the entrained uid thence to the surface of the earth, I will first describe the mode of operation, which is as follows;

A surface pump 1, adapted to create a pressure upon a iluid or liquid, is provided to draw liquid out of a tank on the surface of the earth, through pipe 8 and to discharge this liquid under pressure through pipe 9 into the macaroni tubing l0. (The said tank is not illustrated.) This pump 'I will be driven or operated by means deriving its energy from some external source.

This liquid being circulated by surface pump 1, under pressure will move through macaroni tubing I0 into the upstream half I of the split Venturi tube 6, hence into the downward' or downstream half 2 of the said split Venturi tube 6, where it is jetted, together with the fluid entrained, onto the hemispherical cup II located in chamber I2 of pump body I3.

The velocity of the-falling liquid, being circulated by the surface pump 1, through the smallest inside diameters 3 and 4 respectively of both I halves I and 2 of the Venturi tube 6 will be of such velocity that same will equal or be greater than the velocity that would be caused by the head of liquid above or on the vdownstream side of the split Venturi tube 6, which column of liquid would, in this case, be that formed in the annular passageway I4 between the outside of the macaroni tubing I0 and the inside diameter I5 of the tubing I6. This velocity of circulating liquid creates a dynamic energy in split Venturi tube 6 and thereby entrains into the pumping apparatus through passageway I9 of chamber I1 in the pump body I3. In the downstream half 2 of the split Venturi tube 6, the entrained fluid combines with the circulating liquid and forms a new volume of fluid which is discharged or jettedy into chamber I2 and whose direction of motion is guided by the shape of the hemispherical cup II and said new volume leaves said hemispherical cup II at an angle of 180 degrees from that direction of motion that it left the split Venturi tube 6.

A check valve I8 is incorporated in chamber I1 of the pump body I3 to permit fluid to enter into said chamber I 1 through passageway I9, and to prevent fluid to leave the chamber I1 of the pump body I3. This check valve may be eliminated if desired and the pumping apparatus will function equally as well. i

From chamber I2 the now combined volume of circulating liquid and the fluid from the oil deposit and entrained into the pumping apparatus, ilows in an upward direction to the surface of the earth 20 through annular passageway I4, hence to discharge pipe 2I to a surface tank (not illustrated).

I am enabled to use the same volume of circulating liquid as a motive medium over and over again whilel the volume of fluid entrained from the oil deposits 22 will be surplus relative to the volume of circulating liquid.

The velocity of liquid through the split Venturi tube 6 will be such that vacuum is created in chamber I1 of pump body I3, and uid is thus entrained from the oil deposits.

The velocity of liquid through the split Venturi tube 6 will be that velocity caused by the pressure head created on the liquid by the surface pump 1 plus the static head or distance` from the surface of the earth 23 to the pump body I3, the total head being the said pressure head plus the said static head. With my new constructed split Venturi tube 6 the volume of circulated liquid passing therethrough will be that volume identically due to the said total head relative to the size of oriiice 24 at the end portion 3 of the upstream cone half I of Venturi tube 6. In other words the total liquid discharged from theupstream half I of the Venturi tube 6 will be practically unaffected by the column of liquid on the downstream side of the Venturi tube 6, in so far as the velocity of liquid therethrough is concerned relative to the said total head on the upstream side of the Venturi tube 6.

'Ihis highly important result is due to my novel and new constructed split Venturi tube 6 as applied to deep oil wells. It is this particular construction that it is mainly my desire to cover as new in the art as applied to deep oil wells and this construction is: a Venturi tube 6 split and parted at the smallest diameter portion of two truncated cones I and 2. The smallest inside diameter 3 of the upstream cone portion I and the smallest inside diameter 4 of the downstream cone portion 2 are approximately the same, the difference in diameters, if any, being less than one-sixteenth of an inch and the width of the split 5 between the cones I and 2 being about or less than three-sixteenths of an inch. This new construction is more clearly shown by reference to Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings. In other words, what I claim as new in the art is a Venturi tube formed of two truncated cones and split or parted at their smallest inside diameters as shown in Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings. 'It should be noted that the proportions of the both truncated cones l and 2 of the Venturi tube 6 are approximately the same. Therefore I have eliminated the well known nozzle construction in this oil well pumping apparatus, and have solely aI split Venturi tube 6. A typical nozzle construction was disclosed in my U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,801,520, led July 26th, l928, while a Venturi tube was disclosed in my U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,992,436 led June 23, 1932.

Threaded engagement 25 of cone I with the pump body I3 and threaded engagement 26 of cone 2 with the same pump body I3 provides a means for imparting relative longitudinal movement of one cone to the other cone.`

The ratio of liquid circulated to uid raised or entrained will be about two or more volumes to one. The volume of liquid entrained will vary in proportion in accordance with the variation of the pressure exerted on theliquid by the surface pump 1.

Referring again to the construction of my split Venturi tube 6 it may be well to state that by referring to Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings it is shown that I have merely taken a Venturi tube and sawed it in half, by a hacksaw three.- sixteenths of an inch or less wide, on the downstream side of the smallest inside diameter of the Venturi tube thereby forming two parted truncated cones I and 2, proving I have provided solely a split or parted Venturi tube, which construction is new in the art.

As these two truncatedconesll and 2 are about the only parts subjected to wear and to save labor in replacing them, I have provided means of withdrawing them without dismantling the tubing I6 or in other words, without having to pull the tubing I6.

In assembling the pumping apparatus in an oil well for operation, the shoe 21, which comprises of a tapered seat 28, is secured to tubing IS by threaded engagement 29. Then the tubing I6 is lowered into the oil well 30, which has a casing 3I, to some point 32 in the oil deposit 22. This tubing I6 will be then secured to the casing head 33 which is secured on the casing 3|.

The pump body I3, in which the two truncated cones I and 2 are secured against longitudinal movement, has on its upper end portion 34 an outward disposed tapered formation 35 adapted to take the seat 28 of the shoe 21 on the tubing I6.

This pump body I3 is then secured onto the inner tubing or macaroni I I) and lowered with the macaroni I0 directly through the tubing I Ii` until the tapered formation 35 seats on thev seat 28 of the shoe 21 of the tubing I6. This macaroni tubing I will extend through the casing head 33 by means of a stuffing box and gland 36. This macaroni tubing I0 is then connected up with the surface pump 1 by piping 9. A tubing catcher, of any well known commercial make, may be attached to tubing I6 to have engagement with the casing 3l so as to eliminate longitudinal movement of the tubing I6 when the liquid is being circulated through the tubing I6 andpump body I3. This is a new use for a tubing catcher 31 with this combination of elements.

From the above description it is seen that two continuous columns of iiuid are formed by the macaroni tubing Ill and the inside diameter I5 of tubing I6. An annular passageway 38 is formed between the tubingv I6 and the casing 3l. It is in this annular passageway 38 that gas from the oil deposits 22 can escape therefrom to and through gas escape pipe-39.

The pump body I3 will contain an upper chamber I1 and a lower chamber I2. Longitudinal passageways extend from the upper end portion 34 to the lower chamber I2. Upstream truncated cone I and downstream truncated cone 2 are located in a central position in the body I3 and in alignment with the macaroni tubing I0. Said cones I and 2 have threaded engagements 25 and 26 respectively with the pump body I3. y The upper end portion 34 of body I3 will be of such diameter that the same can be moved through tubing I 6 This upper portion 34 will have an outwardly disposed taper formation 35 adapted to seat on the shoe 21. An inlet passageway I9 in the side wall of the body I3 permits iiuid to enter into chamber I1 from the oil deposit. A check valve I8 is provided in this passageway I9. The liquid circulated through cones I and 2 creates a vacuum in this upper chamber I1 and entrains iiuid `from the deposit 22 therein. Therefore the circulating liquid and the iiuid entrained from the oil deposits combines in the upstream cone 2' and is discharged therefrom onto the hemispherical cup I I in the lower chamber I2 of pump body I3.

This hemispherical cup is one of my new and novel features. It is provided to induce the stream leaving the cone 2 to leave this hemispherical cup I I at an angle of about one hundred eighty degrees. (See Fig. l of the accompanying drawings.) The inducing of the volume of the combined circulating liquid and fluid entrained to leave the hemispherical cup at an angle of l one hundred eighty degrees creates a new and useful result of doubling the hydrostatic pressure of this volume. 'This is ahighlyimpertant de-V tail when one considers a liquid falling some six thousand feet and having its hydrostatic pressure doubled.

In other words, the pressure of the stream leaving the cup Il is twice as great as when or if the said stream strikes a fiat plate at right angles to the direction of its motion. This is proven by the fact that, the impact of the stream, leaving the`cone 2, produces a pressureon the surface 4I that would tend to move it were it not secured against longitudinal movement. On leaving the cone 2, the momentum of the mass of liquid is equal to that mass multiplied by. its velocity in feet per second; but on leaving the smooth surface 4I of the hemispherical cup II, the velocity component in* the direction of the cone 2 is velocity in feet per second multiplied by the cosine of the angle -at which the stream y fore the mass multiplied by the velocity of the stream, multiplied by the cosine of the angle of the departure from the surface 4I.

A change of momentum takes place and this is caused by the reaction of the surface 4I against the cone 2 in the direction of the said cone 2. Therefore as the angle of departure of a stream from a plane at right angles to it would be ninety degrees (the cosine of degrees being 0) and as the angle ofdeparture of the stream from the hemispherical cup II is one hundred eighty degrees (the cosine of degrees being l), it suffices to say that the pressure on Vthe hemispherical cup II or its reaction therefrom is twice as great aswhen the stream, from cone 2, strikes a fiat plate at right angles to the direction of its motion. This hemispherical cup I I with the stream of iiuid jetting from the split Venturi tube 6 on to it is therestream side 2 of the split Venturi tube 6, resulting in considerably less horsepower necessary tooperate the surface pump 1.

To take advantage of this said reaction o-f the stream jetting from cone 2 onto cup II, I have provided a tubing-catcher 31 to prevent this reaction from merely stretching -the tubing I6. The tubing catcher 31 will grip the walls of casing 3I and prevent the tubing I6 from moving in a downward longitudinal direction.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact details of construction herein shown and described for obvious modifications may appear to those skilled in the art, and this improvement may be applied to other mechanisms and uses and used to equal-A ly good advantage.

With my new split Venturi tube 6 and hemi- I0, to raise uids from deposits in the earth 22 to the surface of the earth 23, in other words, by reversing the direction of flow of liquid through the apparatus from that previously described.

It is also within my knowledge that the two truncated cones I and 2 can be secured directly onto macaroni tubing I0 and may be withdrawn for replacement without the necessityof pulling the tubing I6 or the pulling of pump body I3 which in this case would be directly secured by threaded engagement onto the tubing I5 and the disclosed valve` and seat 345 and 28 respectively would in that case be eliminated. While in my United States Lettersv Patent No. 1,779,483 filed April 23, 1926, I utilize a'hemispherical cup I5 Having thus described my invention,'what 'I' claim is:

1. In an oil well pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from oil deposits in the earth and 40 Vspherical cup I I it is obvious that, if desired, the

stream truncated cone portion, both said truncated cones being spaced apart and opposed to each other and having approximately the same inside diameter at their adjacent constricted end portions and connected with one of the said concentric conduits, an inlet passageway leading from the oil deposits to the space between the two truncated cones, said split Venturi tube connectedl to and in central alignment with the said concentricconduits and adapted to increase the .velocity of the full volume of the moving column of liquid to entrain fluid from the oil deposits into the said inlet passageway and continuous column of liquid, said removable seated connection adapted to permit the withdrawal of the said body together with the split Venturi tube'from the oil Well without having to remove the outer of the said concentric conduits.

2. In an oil well, a pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from an oil deposit in the earth and comprising connected concentric conduits adapted to form a continuous column of liquid extending from the surface of the earth to the oil deposits in the earth and back to the surface of the earth, means for imparting movement to the said continuous column of liquid, said concentric conduits comprising of an outer tubing and a macaroni tubing within the outer tubing, a single split Venturi tube being parted at right angles to its axis at its smallest inside diameter forming an upstream truncated cone portion and a downstream truncated cone portion, both said truncated cones being spaced apart and opposed tol each other and having approximately the same inside diameter at their adjacent constricted end portions, an inlet passageway leading from the oil deposit into the space between the two truncated cones, said truncated cones connected to and in central alignment with the said concentric conduits and adapted to increase the velocity of the full volume of moving column of liquid to entrain iluid from the oil deposit into the said inlet passageway and column vof liquid, means adapted to permit the withdrawal of the split Venturi tube together with the macaroni tubing without moving the said outer tubing in the oil well.

3. In an oil Well containing an oil deposit, a pumping apparatus comprising a pump body, concentric tubes and a mechanical pump deriving its energy from some external source for the purpose of moving a continuous column of liquid through said pump body and concentric tubes producing a liquid stream, said pump body connectcd with said concentric tubes being removably seated relative to the outer of the said concentric tubes and comprising a hemispherical surface in its lower end portion, a Venturi tube having communication with the oil deposit and adapted for changing the hydrostatic head of said liquid stream into a velocity head greater than that velocity head due to the distance from the surface of the-earth to the oil depositin the oil well to raise iiuid into said body, means for changing the pressure of the hydrostatic head of the moving column of liquid to an increased pressure by a change of momentum caused by the reaction of the hemispherical surface, in the said body, against the ilow of the liquid stream by providing an angle of departure of the liquid stream from the hemlspherical surface at an angle of one hundred eighty degrees said removably seated means adapted to permit the withdrawal of the said pump body from the oil well without removing the outer of the said concentric tubes,

4. In an oil well pumping apparatus having concentric tubes and adapted to be operated by a circulating liquid for raising fluid from deposits in the earth, a pump body, a hemispherical cup in said pump body. a. split Venturi tube in said pump body, said pump body comprising a hemispherical cup and being removably seated with the outer of the said concentric tubes and having a continuous U tube passageway connected through the concentric tubes leading from said pump body to the surface of the earth, a mechanical pumping means for moving the circulating liquid through said concentric tubes and pump body, in cooperation with the split Venturi tube, to raise 'fluid from deposits in the earth, said means operatedby energy derived from some external source and energy derived from the use of the hemispherical cup forming the bottom of the said U tube passageway in the pump body, said split Venturi tube being parted at right angles to its axis at its smallest inside diameter forming an upstream truncated cone portion and a downstream truncated cone portion, the both said truncated cones being spaced apart and opposed to each other and having approximately the same inside diameter at their adjacent constricted end portions and connected with the said pump body4 the downstream truncated cone, said removable seated construction adapted to permit the withdrawal of the split Venturi tube and said pump body from the oil well without having to withdraw the outer of the said concentric tubes.

5. In an oil well pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from an oil well into the pumping apparatus and adapted to be operated by a continuous circulating liquid; a, mechanical pumping means for imparting a movement and pressure to the continuous circulating liquid; a pump body connected concentric conduits adapted to form a continuous passageway for the circulating liquid and connected vto the said means and the said pump body removably seated in a seat connected with the outer of the said concentric conduits; said pump body comprising of a split Venturi tube adapted to receive the full volume of the circulating liquid and located centrally therein in alignment with the concentric conduits, an upper chamber having access with the uid in the oil well, a lower enclosed chamber having a hemispherical cup therein, longitudinal passageways connected with the concentric conduits and extending from the upper portion of the pump body to the lower chamber; said split Venturi tube being parted at right angles to its axis at its smallest inside diameter forming an upstream truncated cone portion and a downstream truncated cone portion, both said truncated cones being spaced apart in the upper chamber and being opposed to each other and having approximately the same inside diameter at their adjacent constricted end portions, the downstream truncated cone portion extending into the lower' chamber and adapted to discharge the circulating liquid and uid onto the said hemispherical cup, means for creating a vacuum in the upper chamber by the increased velocity of the full volume of the circulating liquid through the constricted end portions of the opposed truncated cones to entrain uid into the downstream truncated cone and circulating liquid and to raise said fluid to the surface of the earth, means for taking oi the entrained fluid as the liquid circulated increases in Volume, said removable seated construction adapted to permit the withdrawal of the split Venturi tube from the oil well without vremoving the outer of the said concentric conduits.

6. In an oil well pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from deposits in the earth and corn- 'prising connected concentric conduits adapted to form a continuous column of liquid extending from the surface of the earth to the oil deposits in the earth and back to the surface of the earth,

a mechanical pumping means for imparting a movement to the said column of liquid, said movement of liquid in the vicinity of the oil deposits accelerated by a total head of liquid comprising of the pressure head created by the said means and the hydrostatic head caused by the said circulating liquid falling from the surface of the earth through the distance to the vicinity of the oil deposits, a pump body removably connected with the outer of the said concentric conduits and containing an inlet passageway with the oil deposit and comprising a. hemispherical surface and a split Venturi tube adapted to utilize the velocity of the full Volume of the circulating liquid caused by the said total head and to create thereby a vacuum to raise uid from the oildeposits into the said circulating liquid, the rst named means operated by energy derived from some external source and the energy created by means providing an angle of departure of the circulating liquid from one conduit into the other conduit at 'about one hundred eighty degrees or the like from said hemispherical surface, and means for taking oi the entrained fluid from the circulating liquid as the circulating liquid increases in volume, the inner of the said concentric conduits adapted to withdraw the said pump body from the oil well without removing the outer of the said concentric conduits.

FREDERICK MCMAHON.

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