US20150209431A1 - Antibody and protein formulations - Google Patents
Antibody and protein formulations Download PDFInfo
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- US20150209431A1 US20150209431A1 US14/421,607 US201314421607A US2015209431A1 US 20150209431 A1 US20150209431 A1 US 20150209431A1 US 201314421607 A US201314421607 A US 201314421607A US 2015209431 A1 US2015209431 A1 US 2015209431A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39591—Stabilisation, fragmentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
- A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/22—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/38—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against protease inhibitors of peptide structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
- C07K2317/41—Glycosylation, sialylation, or fucosylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to antibody and other protein formulations that are isosmotic and of low viscosity, including formulations that are useful for injection and general administration.
- Hemophilia patients have bleeding disorders that result in delayed blood clotting after an injury or surgery. Prolonged bleeding is caused by a genetic deficiency in one or more blood clotting factor.
- Two common types of hemophilia are known—hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in factor VIII whereas hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency in factor IX. About 75-80% of total hemophilia patients have hemophilia A.
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor is a human inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and functions in anticoagulation.
- Antibodies that are directed against TFPI including anti-TFPI monoclonal antibodies (aTFPI mAb), are being developed in an effort to block TFPI function.
- aTFPI mAb anti-TFPI monoclonal antibodies
- One such aTFPI mAb is a human IgG2 anti-TFPI mAb. that is being developed for the treatment of hemophilia A and B patients.
- Antibody and other proteins may be administrated to patients via intravenous, intramuscular, and/or subcutaneous injection.
- subcutaneous injection dosage forms be isotonic and include small injection volumes ( ⁇ 2.0 ml per injection site).
- proteins are often administered within the range of 1 mg/ml to 150 mg/ml.
- a protein and antibody dosage form may present many challenges in formulation development, especially for liquid formulation.
- phase separation can occur through precipitation, gelation, and/or crystallization.
- the stability of an antibody or other protein can become problematic due to the formation of soluble and insoluble protein-protein aggregates.
- Highly concentrated protein formulations are frequently highly viscous, which presents difficulties for processing, such as ultrafiltration and sterile filtration, and for injection of the dosage solution.
- high concentrations of stabilizers such as sucrose and sodium chloride, are required to achieve long-term protein stability.
- the resulting hypertonic solutions often cause injection pain due to tissue damage. Therefore, it is critical to balance the amount of stabilizers for stability and osmolality of the high protein concentration formulation.
- antibody and other protein-based therapeutic formulations in liquid form that exhibit high protein concentrations without the problem of significantly increased protein aggregation, osmolality, or viscosity and/or decreased protein stability. It is, therefore, desirable that antibody and other protein-based formulations contain limited amounts of excipients and small volumes for ease of therapeutic administration or delivery. It is further desirable that antibody and other protein-based therapeutic formulations be amenable to lyophilization to enhance protein stability under prolonged storage conditions.
- the present disclosure provides liquid and lyophilized antibody and protein-based formulations that are substantially isotonic and low viscosity and that contain substantially no inorganic salt.
- the antibody and other protein formulations presented herein contain from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine; from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant such as, for example, polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20; from about 88 mM to about 292 mM of a sugar or sugar alcohol such as, for example, mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine; from about 0 mM to about 133 mM glycine or alanine; from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine; and from about 1 mg
- the formulations disclosed herein exhibit a viscosity ranging from about 1 mPa-S to about 20 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 15 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 10 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 8 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 6 mPa-S at 22° C. and osmolality ranging from about 240 to about 380 mmol/kg.
- the present disclosure provides methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more formulations described herein.
- methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or other protein formulation as described in greater detail herein.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on the turbidity of 20 mg/ml anti-TFPI mAb formulations at pH 5.5.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of pH on the turbidity of an anti-TFPI mAb drug substance.
- the present disclosure provides antibody and other protein formulations that stabilize the antibody or other protein in liquid form or lyophilized form at intended storage conditions.
- the formulations described herein include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or stabilizers, and are contained in buffered media at a suitable pH and are substantially isosmotic with physiological fluids.
- injection is one route of administration, including intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injection.
- the presently disclosed protein formulations can be conveniently processed via, for example, ultrafiltration and sterile filtration and can be administered to a patient via injection, including subcutaneous injection. Moreover, because they are substantially isosmotic, the presently disclosed antibody and protein formulations reduce tissue damage or other adverse physiologic effects and thereby achieving favorable patient tolerance and increased patient compliance.
- the formulations described herein are characterized by the substantial absence of added salt, which provides the flexibility for increasing the concentrations of other stabilizers, such as sucrose, while maintaining the osmolality of the formulation for improved in vivo tolerability and, consequently, increased patient compliance. Moreover, the low viscosity of the presently described formulations permits convenient processing, including but not limited to ultrafiltration and sterile filtration, and injection of the drug product solution through the needle.
- the low viscosity, substantially isosmotic formulations disclosed herein are typically characterized by having a viscosity ranging from about 1 mPa-S to about 20 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 15 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 10 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 8 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 6 mPa-S at 22° C.
- osmolality refers to a measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of mmole of solute per kg of solution.
- a desired level of osmolality can be achieved by the addition of one or more stabilizer such as a sugar or sugar alcohol including, but not limited to, mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose. Additional stabilizers that are suitable for providing osmolality are described in references such as the handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (Fourth Edition, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Science & Practice Publishers) or Remingtons: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Nineteenth Edition, Mack Publishing Company).
- the term “about” refers to +/ ⁇ 10% of the unit value provided.
- the term “substantially” refers to the qualitative condition of exhibiting a total or approximate degree of a characteristic or property of interest.
- the terms “isosmotic” and “isotonic” are used interchangeably with the terms “substantially isosmotic,” and “substantially isotonic” and refer to formulations characterized by having an osmotic pressure that is the same as or at least substantially equivalent to the osmotic pressure of another solution, which is achieved by formulations wherein the total concentration of solutes, including both permeable and impermeable solutes, in the formulation are the same as or at least substantially equivalent to the total number of solutes in another solution.
- isosmotic and “isotonic” formulations that are used for in vivo administration generally have an osmolality ranging from about 270 mmol/kg to about 310 mmol/kg
- the terms “isosmotic,” “isotonic,” “substantially isosmotic,” and “substantially isotonic” are used interchangeably to refer to formulations having an osmolality ranging from about 240 mmol/kg to about 380 mmol/kg, or from about 270 mmol/kg to about 370 mmol/kg, or from about 300 mmol/kg to about 330 mmol/kg.
- the presently disclosed low viscosity, substantially isosmotic antibody and other protein formulations contain from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine; from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant such as, for example, polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20; from about 88 mM to about 292 mM of a sugar or sugar alcohol such as, for example, mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine; from about 0 mM to about 133 mM glycine or alanine; from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine; and from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH from about pH 4 to about pH 6.
- the formulations disclosed herein exhibit a viscosity ranging viscosity ranging from about 1 mPa-S to about 20 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 15 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 10 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 8 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 6 mPa-S at 22° C. and osmolality ranging from about 240 to about 380 mmol/kg.
- histidine is a buffer agent, that can be used to maintain the formulation pH from about pH 4 to about pH 6.0, or about pH 5 to about pH 6, such as about pH 5, about pH 5.5, or about pH 6.
- Sugar or sugar alcohols such as mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose, are used separately or in combination, both as cryo-protectants and a stabilizer the antibody in liquid formulations as well as during and after lyophilization.
- Non-ionic surfactants such as polysorbates, including polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80; polyoxamers, including poloxamer 184 and 188; pluronic® polyols; and other ethylene/polypropylene block polymers, stabilize the antibody during processing and storage by reducing interfacial interaction and prevent protein from adsorption.
- Arginine is a protein solubilizer and also a stabilizer that reduces antibody and other protein aggregation, such as aTFPI mAb aggregation, and glycation.
- Methionine is an antioxidant that prevents antibody oxidation during processing and storage.
- Sugars and inorganic salts are commonly used as protein stabilizers; however, both sugars and inorganic salts are also effective tonicity agents. If a formulation requires a high concentration of one or more sugars to stabilize a protein, the inorganic salt concentration should be zero or kept very low in order to maintain the formulation's osmolality such that injection pain is reduced upon administration. Quite surprisingly, it was found that sodium chloride increased the turbidity of antibody formulations. Consequently, inorganic salts are substantially excluded from addition to the formulations described herein. These non-salt formulations maintain the osmolality of the antibody and other protein formulations with increased stability, and reduced phase change, such as precipitation or aggregation.
- salt refers to inorganic salts, which include but not limited to sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), magnesium chloride (MgCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ), ammonium thiocyanate (NH 4 SCN), ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ), zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and the like, or combinations thereof.
- the antibody and other protein formulations disclosed herein are characterized by a substantial absence of added salt and are, therefore, referred to herein as salt-free antibody and/or protein formulations. It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the presence of inorganic salts within the presently disclosed formulations that are introduced by pH adjustment are not considered to be added salts and such inorganic salts, if present in a formulation according to the present disclosure, should not exceed a concentration of about 2 mM.
- surfactant includes non-ionic surfactants including, without limitation, polysorbates, such as polysorbate 20 or 80, and the polyoxamers, such as poloxamer 184 or 188, Pluronic® polyols, and other ethylene/polypropylene block polymers. Amounts of surfactants effective to provide stable antibody and other protein formulations are usually in the range of 50 ppm to 200 ppm. The use of non-ionic surfactants permits the formulations to be exposed to shear and surface stresses without causing denaturation of the antibody or other protein, and also reduce the adsorption on the surfaces during processing and storage.
- formulations disclosed herein include, without limitation, formulations having one or more non-ionic surfactant(s) including, for example, one or more polysorbate(s), such as polysorbate 20 or 80; one or more polyoxamers, such as poloxamer 184 or 188; one or more Pluronic® polyol(s); and/or one or more ethylene/polypropylene block polymer(s).
- polysorbate such as polysorbate 20 or 80
- polyoxamers such as poloxamer 184 or 188
- Pluronic® polyol(s) such as poloxamer 184 or 188
- Pluronic® polyol(s) such as Pluronic® polyol(s)
- ethylene/polypropylene block polymer(s) such as polysorbate 20 (Tween® 20) or polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80).
- protein refers to amino acid polymers that contain at least five constituent amino acids that are covalently joined by peptide bonds.
- the constituent amino acids can be from the group of amino acids that are encoded by the genetic code, which include: alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, glycine, proline, arginine, histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.
- protein is synonymous with the related terms “peptide” and “polypeptide”.
- antibody refers to a class of proteins that are generally known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies include full-length monoclonal antibodies (mAb), such as IgG 2 monoclonal antibodies, which include immunoglobulin Fc regions. The term antibody also includes bispecific antibodies, diabodies, single-chain molecules, and antibody fragments such as Fab, F(ab′) 2 , and Fv.
- mAb monoclonal antibodies
- the term antibody also includes bispecific antibodies, diabodies, single-chain molecules, and antibody fragments such as Fab, F(ab′) 2 , and Fv.
- anti-TFPI antibody refers to an antibody having binding specificity against the human TFPI protein as well as fragments and variants of the human TFPI protein.
- Anti-TFPI antibodies presented herein can be IgG2 antibodies and include anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibodies, such as chimeric, humanized, and fully-human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibodies.
- Anti-TFPI antibodies are exemplified in the present disclosure by human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibodies having a light chain comprising the sequence presented herein as SEQ ID NO: 1 and/or a heavy chain presented herein as SEQ ID NO: 2.
- anti-TFPI monoclonal antibodies including full-length antibodies and antigen binding fragments and variants thereof, that are also suitable for use in the formulations disclosed herein are presented in PCT Patent Publication NOs. WO 2011/109452 and WO 2010/017196, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- “Monoclonal antibodies” are characterized by having specificity for a single antigenic determinant. Monoclonal antibodies can, for example, be made by the hybridoma method described by Kohler and Milstein, Nature 256:495 (1975) or by recombinant DNA methods such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567. Monoclonal antibodies can also be isolated from phage display libraries using the techniques such as those described in Clackson et al., Nature 352:624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222:581-597 (1991).
- Monoclonal antibodies include “chimeric monoclonal antibodies” wherein a portion of a heavy and/or light chain includes sequences from antibodies derived from one species, while the remainder of the antibody, including the Fc region, includes sequences from antibodies derived from a second species, typically the second species is human. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567 and Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6851-6855 (1984).
- Monoclonal antibodies also include “humanized monoclonal antibodies” wherein one or more complementarity determining region (CDR) from a heavy and/or light chain sequence from antibodies derived from one species replace one or more CDR from a heavy and/or light chain sequence from antibodies derived from a second species, typically the second species is human.
- CDR complementarity determining region
- the process of “humanization” is usually applied to monoclonal antibodies developed for administration to humans. See, e.g., Riechmann et al., Nature 332(6162):323-27 (1988) and Queen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86(24):10029-33 (1989).
- Monoclonal antibodies also include “fully-human monoclonal antibodies” wherein the entire heavy and light chain sequences are derived from human antibody sequences.
- Fully-human monoclonal antibodies can be generated by phage display technologies and can be isolated from mice that have been genetically engineered to express the human antibody repertoire. See, e.g., McCafferty et al., Nature 348(6301):552-554 (1990), Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222(3):581-597 (1991), and Carmen and Jermutus, Brief Funct. Genomic Proteomic 1(2):189-203 (2002).
- the term “Pharmaceutically effective amount” of an antibody or other protein formulation refers to an amount of the formulation that provides therapeutic effect in an administration regimen.
- the antibody and protein formulations disclosed herein typically include an antibody or other protein at a concentration ranging from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 100 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 50 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 20 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml, or from about 10 mg/ml to about 20 mg/ml, or from about 20 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 50 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 60 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 70 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 80 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 90 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from from about
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 30 mM histidine, about 100 ppm Tween 80, about 292 mM sucrose, about 20 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm Tween 80, about 234 mM sucrose, about 50 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm Tween 80, about 234 mM sucrose, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm Tween 20, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 200 ppm Tween 20, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 10 mM to about 50 mM arginine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 10 mM arginine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 30 mM lysine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm about Tween 80, about 234 mM sucrose, about 30 mM arginine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0.
- the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 0 mM to 10 mM methionine.
- IgG2 antibodies such as anti-tissue factor pathway inhibitor antibodies (aTFPI Abs), including the human IgG2 monoclonal antibody having a light chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- aTFPI Abs anti-tissue factor pathway inhibitor antibodies
- the present disclosure provides anti-TFPI mAb formulations, including anti-TFPI IgG 2 mAb formulations, wherein the anti-TFPI mAb is soluble at high protein concentrations.
- the anti-TFPI mAb in the formulations disclosed herein remain soluble at concentrations of between about 1 mg/ml and about 150 mg/ml and remain stable under isosmotic storage conditions and exhibit reduced viscosity as compared to currently available antibody formulations.
- the anti-TFPI antibody having a light chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 is an IgG 2 antibody that blocks tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Since TFPI down-regulates extrinsic coagulation, anti-TFPI antibodies can promote extrinsic pathway-driven coagulation by blocking TFPI, thereby bypassing FVIII or FIX deficiencies in the intrinsic pathway for hemophilia treatment.
- the salt free anti-TFPI antibody formulations presented herein can be administrated to the patients via subcutaneous injection or other injection routes.
- solubility and stability of anti-TFPI antibodies was affected by excipients.
- the solubility of anti-TFPI antibody increases with the decrease of NaCl concentrations. In the absence of NaCl, the solubility of anti-TFPI antibody is higher than formulations that include NaCl.
- positively changed amino acids such as arginine and lysine, could improve the stability anti-TFPI antibody and that pH greatly affected the anti-TFPI antibody solubility.
- the turbidity of the antibody solution increased with increases in pH; however, the precipitation was reversible when pH was decreased.
- the optimal pH for stabilizing the anti-TFPI antibodies presented herein ranges from about pH 4 to about pH 6 or from about pH 5 to about pH 6, such as about pH 5, about pH 5.5, or about pH 6.
- the antibody is an anti-TFPI antibody (aTFPI Ab).
- the anti-TFPI antibody is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody.
- the human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibody includes the antibody that contains a light chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the present disclosure also provides methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more formulations described herein.
- methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or other protein formulation that contains from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine and, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20, from about 88 mM to about 292 mM sucrose, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine, from about 0 mM to about 133 mM glycine or alanine, from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine, and from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH ranging from
- the present disclosure provides methods for the treatment of hemophilia A or hemophilia B in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-TFPI antibody formulation that contains from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine and, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20, from about 88 mM to about 292 mM sucrose, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine, from about 0% (0 mM) to about 1% (133 mM) glycine, from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine, and from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH ranging from about pH 4.0 to about pH 6.0.
- an anti-TFPI antibody formulation that contains from about 0 mM to about 30 m
- the anti-TFPI antibody formulation can be administered intravenously.
- the anti-TFPI antibody formulation can be administered subcutaneously.
- the antibody or other protein formulation can be administered intramuscularly.
- the anti-TFPI antibody is a human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibody such as, for example, the human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibody that contains a light chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- This Example discloses the effect of salt (NaCl) concentration and pH on the turbidity of solutions containing an anti-TFPI human monoclonal antibody having a light chain with the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain with the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the turbidity of solutions was measured by Nephelometry to quickly evaluate the effects of salt concentrations and pH on aTFPI Ab solutions.
- the formulation of anti-TFPI antibody used in this Example contained 10 mM acetate buffer, 88 mM sucrose, and 200 ppm Tween 80. NaCl concentrations were varied from 0 mM to 300 mM.
- the results of NaCl-dependent turbidity measurements for anti-TFPI formulations at pH 5.5 are presented in FIG. 1 . These data demonstrated that the turbidity of the anti-TFPI mAb formulations increased significantly with increasing concentration of NaCl.
- the presently disclosed aTFPI mAb molecule has 116 amino acids (42 arginines and 74 lysines) having side-chain carrying positive charges at the pH below PI.
- This anti-TFPI antibody has a PI at ⁇ 7.9.
- a pH below the PI such as pH 4-6, this anti-TFPI antibody has net positive charges.
- the repulsion of the positive charges on this anti-TFPI antibody surface likely prevents protein-protein association between individual molecules and, thereby, significantly increases solubility.
- substantially isosmotic anti-TFPI Ab formulations were prepared without NaCl. These formulations typically employed high sucrose concentrations to help stabilize the anti-TFPI Ab.
- Frozen anti-TFPI antibody was thawed and reformulated by dialysis according to formulations presented in Table 1. The formulations were prepared and were filtered with a 0.22 ⁇ m filter and filled in glass tubing vials and stoppered with rubber stoppers.
- Formulation Designation Formulation Composition PH5.0 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 pH 5.0 PH5.5 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 pH 5.5 PH6.
- aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 pH 6.0 6ARG 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 50 mM arginine pH 6.0 PH5.5LC 50 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 pH 5.5 PH5.5LCARG 50 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM arginine pH 5.5 PH5.5HCARG 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM arginine pH 5.5 PH6LCARG 50 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween
- the Example demonstrates that anti-TFPI Ab formulations containing arginine exhibit reduced antibody glycation as compared to anti-TFPI Ab formulations without added arginine.
- Anti-TFPI Ab formulations, with and without arginine, at pH 6 were stored at 40° C. for 14 days and tested by LC-MS.
- the results presented in Table 3 demonstrate that the positively-charged amino acid arginine reduces glycation of anti-TFPI Ab, possibly due to the unique structure of aTFPI Ab, to the level found in a reference standard.
Abstract
Provided are salt-free antibody and other protein formulations that are substantially isosmotic and of low viscosity. Also provided are methods for the treatment of diseases using the disclosed formulations.
Description
- This application is being filed on 28 Aug. 2013, as a PCT International patent application, and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/601,598, filed Aug. 31, 2012, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/843,780, filed Mar. 15, 2013, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- The present disclosure relates generally to antibody and other protein formulations that are isosmotic and of low viscosity, including formulations that are useful for injection and general administration.
- Hemophilia patients have bleeding disorders that result in delayed blood clotting after an injury or surgery. Prolonged bleeding is caused by a genetic deficiency in one or more blood clotting factor. Two common types of hemophilia are known—hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in factor VIII whereas hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency in factor IX. About 75-80% of total hemophilia patients have hemophilia A.
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a human inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and functions in anticoagulation. Antibodies that are directed against TFPI, including anti-TFPI monoclonal antibodies (aTFPI mAb), are being developed in an effort to block TFPI function. One such aTFPI mAb is a human IgG2 anti-TFPI mAb. that is being developed for the treatment of hemophilia A and B patients.
- Antibody and other proteins may be administrated to patients via intravenous, intramuscular, and/or subcutaneous injection. To ensure patient compliance, it is desirable that subcutaneous injection dosage forms be isotonic and include small injection volumes (<2.0 ml per injection site). To reduce injection volume, proteins are often administered within the range of 1 mg/ml to 150 mg/ml.
- While both liquid and lyophilized dosage forms are used for currently marketed antibody and other protein-based drug products, lyophilized forms are more frequently used for protein and antibody drug products having high protein concentrations.
- A protein and antibody dosage form may present many challenges in formulation development, especially for liquid formulation. For formulations in which the protein concentration is near its apparent solubility limit, phase separation can occur through precipitation, gelation, and/or crystallization. At high protein concentration, the stability of an antibody or other protein can become problematic due to the formation of soluble and insoluble protein-protein aggregates. Highly concentrated protein formulations are frequently highly viscous, which presents difficulties for processing, such as ultrafiltration and sterile filtration, and for injection of the dosage solution. And at protein concentrations that are desirable for formulations intended for intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, high concentrations of stabilizers, such as sucrose and sodium chloride, are required to achieve long-term protein stability. The resulting hypertonic solutions often cause injection pain due to tissue damage. Therefore, it is critical to balance the amount of stabilizers for stability and osmolality of the high protein concentration formulation.
- For these reasons, there is a need in the art for antibody and other protein-based therapeutic formulations in liquid form that exhibit high protein concentrations without the problem of significantly increased protein aggregation, osmolality, or viscosity and/or decreased protein stability. It is, therefore, desirable that antibody and other protein-based formulations contain limited amounts of excipients and small volumes for ease of therapeutic administration or delivery. It is further desirable that antibody and other protein-based therapeutic formulations be amenable to lyophilization to enhance protein stability under prolonged storage conditions.
- The present disclosure provides liquid and lyophilized antibody and protein-based formulations that are substantially isotonic and low viscosity and that contain substantially no inorganic salt. The antibody and other protein formulations presented herein contain from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine; from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant such as, for example, polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20; from about 88 mM to about 292 mM of a sugar or sugar alcohol such as, for example, mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine; from about 0 mM to about 133 mM glycine or alanine; from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine; and from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH from about pH 4.0 to about pH 6.0. The formulations disclosed herein exhibit a viscosity ranging from about 1 mPa-S to about 20 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 15 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 10 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 8 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 6 mPa-S at 22° C. and osmolality ranging from about 240 to about 380 mmol/kg.
- Within further aspects, the present disclosure provides methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more formulations described herein. For example, provided are methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or other protein formulation as described in greater detail herein.
- These and other features of the present teachings are set forth herein.
- The skilled artisan will understand that the drawings, described below, are for illustration purposes only. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings in any way.
-
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on the turbidity of 20 mg/ml anti-TFPI mAb formulations at pH 5.5. -
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of pH on the turbidity of an anti-TFPI mAb drug substance. - As described above, the present disclosure provides antibody and other protein formulations that stabilize the antibody or other protein in liquid form or lyophilized form at intended storage conditions. The formulations described herein include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or stabilizers, and are contained in buffered media at a suitable pH and are substantially isosmotic with physiological fluids. For systemic administration, injection is one route of administration, including intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injection.
- Because of their low viscosity, the presently disclosed protein formulations can be conveniently processed via, for example, ultrafiltration and sterile filtration and can be administered to a patient via injection, including subcutaneous injection. Moreover, because they are substantially isosmotic, the presently disclosed antibody and protein formulations reduce tissue damage or other adverse physiologic effects and thereby achieving favorable patient tolerance and increased patient compliance.
- The formulations described herein are characterized by the substantial absence of added salt, which provides the flexibility for increasing the concentrations of other stabilizers, such as sucrose, while maintaining the osmolality of the formulation for improved in vivo tolerability and, consequently, increased patient compliance. Moreover, the low viscosity of the presently described formulations permits convenient processing, including but not limited to ultrafiltration and sterile filtration, and injection of the drug product solution through the needle.
- As used herein, the term “viscosity” refers to the resistance of a liquid formulation to flow, such as when injected through a syringe needle during administration to a patient. Viscosity measurements can be done by a cone and plate technique with a Peltier element set at a defined temperature, such as 22° C. as described herein. Typically, a well-defined shear stress gradient is applied to the liquid formulation and the resulting shear rate is measured. The viscosity is the ratio of the shear stress to the shear rate. As used herein, viscosity is expressed in units of mPa-S at 22° C. wherein 1 mPa-S=1 cP. The low viscosity, substantially isosmotic formulations disclosed herein are typically characterized by having a viscosity ranging from about 1 mPa-S to about 20 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 15 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 10 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 8 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 6 mPa-S at 22° C.
- As used herein, the term “osmolality” refers to a measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of mmole of solute per kg of solution. A desired level of osmolality can be achieved by the addition of one or more stabilizer such as a sugar or sugar alcohol including, but not limited to, mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose. Additional stabilizers that are suitable for providing osmolality are described in references such as the handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (Fourth Edition, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Science & Practice Publishers) or Remingtons: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Nineteenth Edition, Mack Publishing Company).
- As used herein, the term “about” refers to +/−10% of the unit value provided. As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to the qualitative condition of exhibiting a total or approximate degree of a characteristic or property of interest. One of ordinary skill in the biological arts will understand that biological and chemical phenomena rarely, if ever, achieve or avoid an absolute result. The term substantially is therefore used herein to capture the potential lack of completeness inherent in many biological and chemical phenomena. As used herein, the terms “isosmotic” and “isotonic” are used interchangeably with the terms “substantially isosmotic,” and “substantially isotonic” and refer to formulations characterized by having an osmotic pressure that is the same as or at least substantially equivalent to the osmotic pressure of another solution, which is achieved by formulations wherein the total concentration of solutes, including both permeable and impermeable solutes, in the formulation are the same as or at least substantially equivalent to the total number of solutes in another solution. Thus, while it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that “isosmotic” and “isotonic” formulations that are used for in vivo administration generally have an osmolality ranging from about 270 mmol/kg to about 310 mmol/kg, in the context of the low viscosity formulations of the present disclosure, the terms “isosmotic,” “isotonic,” “substantially isosmotic,” and “substantially isotonic” are used interchangeably to refer to formulations having an osmolality ranging from about 240 mmol/kg to about 380 mmol/kg, or from about 270 mmol/kg to about 370 mmol/kg, or from about 300 mmol/kg to about 330 mmol/kg.
- The presently disclosed low viscosity, substantially isosmotic antibody and other protein formulations contain from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine; from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant such as, for example, polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20; from about 88 mM to about 292 mM of a sugar or sugar alcohol such as, for example, mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine; from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine; from about 0 mM to about 133 mM glycine or alanine; from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine; and from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH from about pH 4 to about pH 6. The formulations disclosed herein exhibit a viscosity ranging viscosity ranging from about 1 mPa-S to about 20 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 15 mPa-S at 22° C., or from about 1 mPa-S to about 10 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 8 mPa-S at 22° C. or from about 1 mPa-S to about 6 mPa-S at 22° C. and osmolality ranging from about 240 to about 380 mmol/kg.
- In these formulations, histidine—is a buffer agent, that can be used to maintain the formulation pH from about pH 4 to about pH 6.0, or about pH 5 to about pH 6, such as about pH 5, about pH 5.5, or about pH 6. Sugar or sugar alcohols, such as mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and/or sucrose, are used separately or in combination, both as cryo-protectants and a stabilizer the antibody in liquid formulations as well as during and after lyophilization. Non-ionic surfactants such as polysorbates, including
polysorbate 20 andpolysorbate 80; polyoxamers, including poloxamer 184 and 188; pluronic® polyols; and other ethylene/polypropylene block polymers, stabilize the antibody during processing and storage by reducing interfacial interaction and prevent protein from adsorption. Arginine is a protein solubilizer and also a stabilizer that reduces antibody and other protein aggregation, such as aTFPI mAb aggregation, and glycation. Methionine is an antioxidant that prevents antibody oxidation during processing and storage. - Sugars and inorganic salts are commonly used as protein stabilizers; however, both sugars and inorganic salts are also effective tonicity agents. If a formulation requires a high concentration of one or more sugars to stabilize a protein, the inorganic salt concentration should be zero or kept very low in order to maintain the formulation's osmolality such that injection pain is reduced upon administration. Quite surprisingly, it was found that sodium chloride increased the turbidity of antibody formulations. Consequently, inorganic salts are substantially excluded from addition to the formulations described herein. These non-salt formulations maintain the osmolality of the antibody and other protein formulations with increased stability, and reduced phase change, such as precipitation or aggregation.
- As used herein, the term “salt” refers to inorganic salts, which include but not limited to sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), magnesium chloride (MgCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and the like, or combinations thereof. The antibody and other protein formulations disclosed herein are characterized by a substantial absence of added salt and are, therefore, referred to herein as salt-free antibody and/or protein formulations. It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the presence of inorganic salts within the presently disclosed formulations that are introduced by pH adjustment are not considered to be added salts and such inorganic salts, if present in a formulation according to the present disclosure, should not exceed a concentration of about 2 mM.
- As used herein, the term “surfactant” includes non-ionic surfactants including, without limitation, polysorbates, such as
polysorbate polysorbate - As used herein, the term “protein” refers to amino acid polymers that contain at least five constituent amino acids that are covalently joined by peptide bonds. The constituent amino acids can be from the group of amino acids that are encoded by the genetic code, which include: alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, glycine, proline, arginine, histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. As used herein, the term “protein” is synonymous with the related terms “peptide” and “polypeptide”.
- As used herein, the term “antibody” refers to a class of proteins that are generally known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies include full-length monoclonal antibodies (mAb), such as IgG2 monoclonal antibodies, which include immunoglobulin Fc regions. The term antibody also includes bispecific antibodies, diabodies, single-chain molecules, and antibody fragments such as Fab, F(ab′)2, and Fv.
- As used herein, the term “anti-TFPI antibody” refers to an antibody having binding specificity against the human TFPI protein as well as fragments and variants of the human TFPI protein. Anti-TFPI antibodies presented herein can be IgG2 antibodies and include anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibodies, such as chimeric, humanized, and fully-human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibodies. Anti-TFPI antibodies are exemplified in the present disclosure by human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibodies having a light chain comprising the sequence presented herein as SEQ ID NO: 1 and/or a heavy chain presented herein as SEQ ID NO: 2. Other anti-TFPI monoclonal antibodies, including full-length antibodies and antigen binding fragments and variants thereof, that are also suitable for use in the formulations disclosed herein are presented in PCT Patent Publication NOs. WO 2011/109452 and WO 2010/017196, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- “Monoclonal antibodies” are characterized by having specificity for a single antigenic determinant. Monoclonal antibodies can, for example, be made by the hybridoma method described by Kohler and Milstein, Nature 256:495 (1975) or by recombinant DNA methods such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567. Monoclonal antibodies can also be isolated from phage display libraries using the techniques such as those described in Clackson et al., Nature 352:624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222:581-597 (1991).
- Monoclonal antibodies include “chimeric monoclonal antibodies” wherein a portion of a heavy and/or light chain includes sequences from antibodies derived from one species, while the remainder of the antibody, including the Fc region, includes sequences from antibodies derived from a second species, typically the second species is human. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567 and Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6851-6855 (1984).
- Monoclonal antibodies also include “humanized monoclonal antibodies” wherein one or more complementarity determining region (CDR) from a heavy and/or light chain sequence from antibodies derived from one species replace one or more CDR from a heavy and/or light chain sequence from antibodies derived from a second species, typically the second species is human. The process of “humanization” is usually applied to monoclonal antibodies developed for administration to humans. See, e.g., Riechmann et al., Nature 332(6162):323-27 (1988) and Queen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86(24):10029-33 (1989).
- Monoclonal antibodies also include “fully-human monoclonal antibodies” wherein the entire heavy and light chain sequences are derived from human antibody sequences. Fully-human monoclonal antibodies can be generated by phage display technologies and can be isolated from mice that have been genetically engineered to express the human antibody repertoire. See, e.g., McCafferty et al., Nature 348(6301):552-554 (1990), Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222(3):581-597 (1991), and Carmen and Jermutus, Brief Funct. Genomic Proteomic 1(2):189-203 (2002).
- As used herein, the term “Pharmaceutically effective amount” of an antibody or other protein formulation refers to an amount of the formulation that provides therapeutic effect in an administration regimen. The antibody and protein formulations disclosed herein typically include an antibody or other protein at a concentration ranging from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 100 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 50 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 20 mg/ml, or from about 1 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml, or from about 10 mg/ml to about 20 mg/ml, or from about 20 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 50 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 60 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 70 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 80 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 90 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 100 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 120 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, or from about 140 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml, Within some aspects the concentration of protein or antibody within these formulations is about 150 mg/ml. When administered subcutaneously, such formulations are typically administered in a volume of less than about 2.0 ml, or about 1.5 ml, or about 1 ml, or about 0.5 ml per injection site.
- Within certain aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 30 mM histidine, about 100
ppm Tween 80, about 292 mM sucrose, about 20 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75
ppm Tween 80, about 234 mM sucrose, about 50 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75
ppm Tween 80, about 234 mM sucrose, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75
ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75
ppm Tween 20, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 200
ppm Tween 20, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 30 mM to about 50 mM arginine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75
ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 10 mM to about 50 mM arginine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75
ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 10 mM arginine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75
ppm Tween 80, about 88 mM sucrose, about 133 mM glycine, about 30 mM lysine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. - Within other aspects, the antibody or other protein formulation contains about 10 mM histidine, about 75 ppm about
Tween 80, about 234 mM sucrose, about 30 mM arginine, about 100 mg/ml antibody or other protein at a pH ranging from about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0. Within related aspects, the antibody and other protein formulation also contains from about 0 mM to 10 mM methionine. - Exemplified herein are antibody formulations wherein the antibodies include IgG2 antibodies, such as anti-tissue factor pathway inhibitor antibodies (aTFPI Abs), including the human IgG2 monoclonal antibody having a light chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- Thus, the present disclosure provides anti-TFPI mAb formulations, including anti-TFPI IgG2 mAb formulations, wherein the anti-TFPI mAb is soluble at high protein concentrations. Typically, the anti-TFPI mAb in the formulations disclosed herein remain soluble at concentrations of between about 1 mg/ml and about 150 mg/ml and remain stable under isosmotic storage conditions and exhibit reduced viscosity as compared to currently available antibody formulations.
- The anti-TFPI antibody having a light chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 is an IgG2 antibody that blocks tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Since TFPI down-regulates extrinsic coagulation, anti-TFPI antibodies can promote extrinsic pathway-driven coagulation by blocking TFPI, thereby bypassing FVIII or FIX deficiencies in the intrinsic pathway for hemophilia treatment. The salt free anti-TFPI antibody formulations presented herein can be administrated to the patients via subcutaneous injection or other injection routes.
- As part of the present disclosure, it was found that solubility and stability of anti-TFPI antibodies was affected by excipients. The solubility of anti-TFPI antibody increases with the decrease of NaCl concentrations. In the absence of NaCl, the solubility of anti-TFPI antibody is higher than formulations that include NaCl. In addition, it was found that positively changed amino acids, such as arginine and lysine, could improve the stability anti-TFPI antibody and that pH greatly affected the anti-TFPI antibody solubility. The turbidity of the antibody solution increased with increases in pH; however, the precipitation was reversible when pH was decreased. The optimal pH for stabilizing the anti-TFPI antibodies presented herein ranges from about pH 4 to about pH 6 or from about pH 5 to about pH 6, such as about pH 5, about pH 5.5, or about pH 6.
- Exemplified herein are formulations, as recited above, wherein the antibody is an anti-TFPI antibody (aTFPI Ab). In at least one aspect, the anti-TFPI antibody is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody. For example, the human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibody includes the antibody that contains a light chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 2.
-
-
Sequence Identifier Amino Acid Sequence (NH3-COOH) SEQ ID NO: 1 SYELTQPPSV SVSPGQTARI TCSGDNLPKY YAHWYQQKPG QAPVVVIFYD VNRPSGIPER FSGSNSGNTA TLTISGTQAM DEADYYCQAW WSSTPVFGGG TKLTVLGQPK AAPSVTLFPP SSEELQANKA TLVCLISDFY PGAVTVAWKA DSSPVKAGVE TTTPSKQSNN KYAASSYLSL TPEQWKSHRS YSCQVTHEGS TVEKTVAPTE CS SEQ ID NO: 2 EVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFTFS SYGMDWVRQA PGKGLEWVSS IRGSRGSTYY ADSVKGRFTI SRDNSKNTLY LQMNSLRAED TAVYYCARLY RYWFDYWGQG TLVTVSSAST KGPSVFPLAP CSRSTSESTA ALGCLVKDYF PEPVTVSWNS GALTSGVHTF PAVLQSSGLY SLSSVVTVPS SNFGTQTYTC NVDHKPSNTK VDKTVERKCC VECPPCPAPP VAGPSVFLFP PKPKDTLMIS RTPEVTCVVV DVSHEDPEVQ FNWYVDGVEV HNAKTKPREE QFNSTFRVVS VLTVVHQDWL NGKEYKCKVS NKGLPAPIEK TISKTKGQPR EPQVYTLPPS REEMTKNQVS LTCLVKGFYP SDIAVEWESN GQPENNYKTT PPMLDSDGSF FLYSKLTVDK SRWQQGNVFS CSVMHEALHN HYTQKSLSLS PG - The present disclosure also provides methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more formulations described herein. For example, provided are methods for the treatment of a disorder in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or other protein formulation that contains from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine and, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20, from about 88 mM to about 292 mM sucrose, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine, from about 0 mM to about 133 mM glycine or alanine, from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine, and from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH ranging from about pH 4.0 to about pH 6.0. Within at least one aspect of these methods, the antibody or other protein formulation can be administered intravenously. Within other aspects of these methods, the antibody or other protein formulation can be administered subcutaneously. Within other aspects of these methods, the antibody or other protein formulation can be administered intramuscularly.
- Within related aspects, the present disclosure provides methods for the treatment of hemophilia A or hemophilia B in a patient, comprising the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-TFPI antibody formulation that contains from about 0 mM to about 30 mM histidine and, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm polysorbate (Tween®) 80 or polysorbate (Tween®) 20, from about 88 mM to about 292 mM sucrose, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM arginine, from about 0 mM to about 50 mM lysine, from about 0% (0 mM) to about 1% (133 mM) glycine, from about 0 mM to about 10 mM methionine, and from about 1 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH ranging from about pH 4.0 to about pH 6.0. Within at least one aspect of these methods, the anti-TFPI antibody formulation can be administered intravenously. Within other aspects of these methods, the anti-TFPI antibody formulation can be administered subcutaneously. Within other aspects of these methods, the antibody or other protein formulation can be administered intramuscularly.
- According to certain aspects of these methods for the treatment of hemophilia A or hemophilia B in a patient, the anti-TFPI antibody is a human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibody such as, for example, the human anti-TFPI IgG2 monoclonal antibody that contains a light chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- For the purpose of interpreting this specification, the following definitions will apply and whenever appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural and vice versa. In the event that any definition set forth below conflicts with the usage of that word in any other document, including any document incorporated herein by reference, the definition set forth below shall always control for purposes of interpreting this specification and its associated claims unless a contrary meaning is clearly intended (for example in the document where the term is originally used). The use of “or” means “and/or” unless stated otherwise. The use of “a” herein means “one or more” unless stated otherwise or where the use of “one or more” is clearly inappropriate. The use of “comprise,” “comprises,” “comprising,” “include,” “includes,” and “including” are interchangeable and not intended to be limiting. Furthermore, where the description of one or more embodiments uses the term “comprising,” those skilled in the art would understand that, in some specific instances, the embodiment or embodiments can be alternatively described using the language “consisting essentially of” and/or “consisting of.”
- Aspects of the present disclosure may be further understood in light of the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present teachings in any way.
- This Example discloses the effect of salt (NaCl) concentration and pH on the turbidity of solutions containing an anti-TFPI human monoclonal antibody having a light chain with the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain with the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- The turbidity of solutions was measured by Nephelometry to quickly evaluate the effects of salt concentrations and pH on aTFPI Ab solutions. The formulation of anti-TFPI antibody used in this Example contained 10 mM acetate buffer, 88 mM sucrose, and 200
ppm Tween 80. NaCl concentrations were varied from 0 mM to 300 mM. The results of NaCl-dependent turbidity measurements for anti-TFPI formulations at pH 5.5 are presented inFIG. 1 . These data demonstrated that the turbidity of the anti-TFPI mAb formulations increased significantly with increasing concentration of NaCl. Increasing salt concentration from 0 to 300 mM resulted in an increase of 72 FNU in turbidity value by Nephelometry, which could be attributed to precipitation, aggregation or insolubilization of aTFPI Ab in solution. As the result of this finding, solutions without sodium chloride were recommended for the presently disclosed anti-TFPI antibody formulations. - Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the increased turbidity of the anti-TFPI mAb formulations with increasing NaCl concentration resulted from the neutralization of positive charges on the anti-TFPI mAb arginine side-chains. The phase behavior of aTFPI mAb at different pH with the impact of monovalent salt (NaCl) explains why the stable, soluble, non-salt, and substantial isosmolality aTFPI mAb formulations could be achieved.
- The presently disclosed aTFPI mAb molecule has 116 amino acids (42 arginines and 74 lysines) having side-chain carrying positive charges at the pH below PI. This anti-TFPI antibody has a PI at ˜7.9. At a pH below the PI, such as pH 4-6, this anti-TFPI antibody has net positive charges. The repulsion of the positive charges on this anti-TFPI antibody surface likely prevents protein-protein association between individual molecules and, thereby, significantly increases solubility. It is hypothesized that the anion (Cl−) of salt binds to the guanidinium group on arginine side-chains on the anti-TFPI antibody surface to neutralize the positive charges, which enhances protein-protein interactions and, hence, causes lower solubility and solution turbidity. By shifting the pH to 4-6, the non-salt formulations that are described herein were developed to achieve increased antibody solubility and stability (see,
FIG. 1 ). In absence of salt, the concentration of other stabilizers, such as sucrose, can be increased to >150 mM and <300 mM without compromising osmolality. - The effect of pH on the turbidity of anti-TFPI antibodies was also studied. As shown in
FIG. 2 , pH can also greatly affect the turbidity of aTFPI Ab solution. When pH was increased from 4 to 6.5, the turbidity of aTFPI Ab solution increased by 81 FNU. Further increasing pH to 7, the turbidity of solution was out of the range for accurate measurement. However, the formed precipitates in the solution were reversible when pH was decreased. This result could be attributed to the surface charge neutralization when pH was increased to the value close to the PI of aTFPI Ab, since the PI value of aTFPI Ab is approximately 7.9. According to this study, lower pH was preferred for aTFPI Ab formulations. However, low pH could cause tissue irritation during injection. Therefore, a neutral pH was preferred from patient compliance point of view. Balancing these two factors, the optimum pH of aTFPI Ab formulations is between pH 5 and pH 6. - Based upon the unexpected findings presented in Example 1, substantially isosmotic anti-TFPI Ab formulations were prepared without NaCl. These formulations typically employed high sucrose concentrations to help stabilize the anti-TFPI Ab.
- Frozen anti-TFPI antibody was thawed and reformulated by dialysis according to formulations presented in Table 1. The formulations were prepared and were filtered with a 0.22 μm filter and filled in glass tubing vials and stoppered with rubber stoppers.
- It was also found that in the absence of NaCl, and in the presence of sucrose 88 mM to 292 mM and
polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 20 (50-200 ppm), the positive charged amino acids, such as arginine (10-50 mM), can effectively inhibit aTFPI Ab from glycation. -
TABLE 1 Anti-TFPI Antibody Formulations Formulation Designation Formulation Composition PH5.0 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 pH 5.0 PH5.5 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 pH 5.5 PH6. 0 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 pH 6.0 6ARG 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb 30 mM histidine 292 mM sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80 50 mM arginine pH 6.0 PH5.5LC 50 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 pH 5.5 PH5.5LCARG 50 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM arginine pH 5.5 PH5.5HCARG 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM arginine pH 5.5 PH6LCARG 50 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 50 mM arginine pH at 6 PH6LCARG_L 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM arginine pH 6 3% STWN80 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 88 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM arginine 133 mM glycine pH 5.5 3% STWN20_L 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 88 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 20 30 mM arginine 133 mM glycine pH 5.5 3% STWN20_H 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 88 mM sucrose 200 ppm Tween 20 30 mM arginine 133 mM glycine pH at 5.5 5.5ARG10 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 88 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 10 mM arginine 133 mM glycine pH 5.5 5.5ARG10MET 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 88 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 10 mM arginine 10 mM methionine 133 mM glycine pH 5.5 5.5LYS30 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 88 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM lysine 133 mM glycine pH 5.5 PH5.5HCARGMET 100 mg/ml aTFPI Ab 10 mM histidine 234 mM sucrose 75 ppm Tween 80 30 mM arginine 10 mM methionine pH 5.5 - Each of these anti-TFPI mAb formulations was analyzed by HPLC-SEC for protein aggregation and degradation, LC-MS for aTFPI structural changes (glycation and oxidation), and nephlometry for turbidity assessment, viscometer for viscosity measurement, and osmolality instrument for osmolality measurement. The results for these analyses are presented in Table 2.
-
TABLE 2 Osmolality and Viscosity of Anti-TFPI Antibody Formulations Formulation Viscosity at Osmolality Composition 22° C. (mPa-S) (mmol/kg) aTFPI 50 mg/ml 1.8 272 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 aTFPI 50 mg/ml 1.6 339 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 2.9 335 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 50 mg/ml 2.3− 373 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 50 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 4.6 353* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 4.1 282* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 4.5 282 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 4.5 278 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 200 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml — 263* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 10 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml — 268* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 10 mM Methionine 10 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml — 288* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Lysine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 3.0 341 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Methionine 10 mM *Estimated osmolality based on calculations - The Example demonstrates that anti-TFPI Ab formulations containing arginine exhibit reduced antibody glycation as compared to anti-TFPI Ab formulations without added arginine.
- Anti-TFPI Ab formulations, with and without arginine, at pH 6 were stored at 40° C. for 14 days and tested by LC-MS. The results presented in Table 3 demonstrate that the positively-charged amino acid arginine reduces glycation of anti-TFPI Ab, possibly due to the unique structure of aTFPI Ab, to the level found in a reference standard.
-
TABLE 3 Arginine Reduces Anti-TFPI mAb Glycation Formulation Formulation Designation Composition LC-MS Profile PH6. 0 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb Glycation 30 mM Histidine 292 mM Sucrose 100 ppm Tween 80pH 6.0 6ARG 20 mg/ml aTFPI mAb Comparable to 30 mM Histidine Reference Standard 292 mM Sucrose 100 ppm Tween 8050 mM Arginine pH 6.0 - It can be concluded based on the results of this study that the stability of aTFPI Ab is highly impacted by formulation pH and the optimum pH for the stability of the formulation is between pH 5 and pH 6 when IV, IM and subcutaneous injection are considered. Arginine appeared to be able to prevent aTFPI Ab glycation. The formulation development and stability studies presented in Example 4 and Example 5 were designed based on these findings.
- The HPLC-SEC results and the LC-MS results of anti-TFPI Ab formulations are summarized in Tables 4-7.
-
TABLE 4 Stability of Anti-TFPI Ab Lyophilization Formulations after 3 Months at 5° C. HPLC-SEC Average rate of Formulation aggregation formation LC-MS Composition (%/day)2 (3 month) aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMaTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 50mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 30mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMGlycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 01 Y1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMGlycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 01 Y1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 200 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMGlycine 133 mM 1The calculation was based on 2 month value. 2If the rate is negative, zero was entered. Y: Comparable to the reference standard Y*: Comparable to the reference standard, with minor modification -
TABLE 5 Stability of Anti-TFPI Ab Lyophilization Formulations after 3 Months at 40° C. HPLC-SEC Average rate of Formulation aggregation formation LC-MS Composition (%/day)2 (3 month) aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0.01 Glycated Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.01 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMaTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 50mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.01 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 30mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.01 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMGlycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.041 Y1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMGlycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.041 Y1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 200 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mMGlycine 133 mM 1The calculation was based on 2 month value. 2If the rate is negative, zero was entered. Y: Comparable to the reference standard Y*: Comparable to the reference standard, with minor modification -
TABLE 6 Liquid Formulations at 5° C. for 3 Months HPLC-SEC Average rate of Formulation aggregation formation LC-MS Composition (%/day)2 (3 month) aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0 Y Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 50 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.01 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.01 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 01 Y1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 01 Y1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 200 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 10 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 10 mM Methionine 10 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.01 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Lysine 30 mM 1The calculation was based on 2 months value. 2If the rate is negative, zero was entered. Y: Comparable to the reference standard Y*: Comparable to the reference standard, with minor modification -
TABLE 7 Liquid Formulations at 40° C. for 3 Months HPLC-SEC Average rate of Formulation aggregation formation LC-MS Composition (%/day) (3 month) aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0.17 Glycated Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0.02 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.04 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 50 mg/ml 0.03 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 50 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.04 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 234 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 6.0 Arginine 30 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.04 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.041 Y*1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.0401 Y*1 Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 20 200 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 30 mM Glycine 133 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.07 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 10 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.06 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Arginine 10 mM Methionine 10 mM aTFPI 100 mg/ml 0.06 Y* Histidine 10 mM Sucrose 88 mM Tween 80 75 ppm pH 5.5 Lysine 30 mM 1The calculation was based on 2 month value. Y: Comparable to the reference standard Y*: Comparable to the reference standard, with minor modification
Claims (30)
1. A salt-free protein or antibody formulation, comprising:
a. 10 mM to 30 mM histidine;
b. 50 ppm to 200 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant;
c. 88 mM to 292 mM of a sugar or sugar alcohol selected from mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose, and sucrose;
d. 0 mM to 50 mM arginine;
e. 0 mM to 50 mM lysine;
f. 0 mM to 133 mM glycine or alanine;
g. 0 mM to 10 mM methionine; and
h. 1 mg/ml to 150 mg/ml of a protein or an antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 4.0 to pH 6.0 and wherein said protein formulation contains substantially no inorganic salt.
2. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 wherein said formulation has a viscosity ranging from 1 to 8 mPa-S at 22° C.
3. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 wherein said formulation has and osmolality ranging from 240 to 380 mmol/kg.
4. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of any of claim 1 wherein said non-ionic surfactant is a polysorbate selected from polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80.
5. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 wherein said sugar is sucrose.
6. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 comprising between 10 mM and 50 mM arginine.
7. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 30 mM histidine,
b. 100 ppm polysorbate 80,
c. 292 mM sucrose, and
d. 20 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
8. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm polysorbate 80,
c. 234 mM sucrose,
d. 50 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
9. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm polysorbate 80,
c. 234 mM sucrose, and
d. 100 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
10. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm polysorbate 80,
c. 88 mM sucrose,
d. 133 mM glycine, and
e. 100 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
11. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm polysorbate 20,
c. 88 mM sucrose,
d. 133 mM glycine, and
e. 100 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
12. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 200 ppm polysorbate 20,
c. 88 mM sucrose,
d. 133 mM glycine, and
e. 100 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
13. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm polysorbate 80,
c. 88 mM sucrose, and
d. 100 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
14. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm polysorbate 80,
c. 88 mM sucrose,
d. 10 mM arginine, and
e. 100 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
15. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising 5 mM to 10 mM methionine.
16. The salt-free protein or antibody formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm polysorbate 80,
c. 88 mM sucrose,
d. 30 mM lysine, and
e. 100 mg/ml protein or antibody;
wherein said protein or antibody formulation has a pH ranging from pH 5.0 to pH 6.0.
17. A salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation, comprising:
a. 10 mM to 30 mM histidine,
b. 50 ppm to 200 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant,
c. 88 mM to 292 mM of a sugar or sugar alcohol selected from mannitol, dextrose, glucose, trehalose and sucrose,
d. 0 mM to 50 mM arginine,
e. 0 mM to 50 mM lysine,
f. 0 mM to 133 mM glycine or alanine
g. 0 mM to 10 mM methionine, and
h. 1 mg/ml to 150 mg/ml of anti-TFPI antibody;
wherein said anti-TFPI antibody formulation has a pH of pH 4.0 to pH 6.0 and wherein said anti-TFPI antibody formulation contains substantially no inorganic salt.
18. The salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation of claim 17 wherein said formulation has a viscosity ranging from 1 to 8 mPa-S at 22° C.
19. The salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation of claim 17 wherein said formulation has and osmolality ranging from 240 to 380 mmol/kg.
20. The salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation of claims 17 wherein said non-ionic surfactant is a polysorbate selected from polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80.
21. The salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation of claim 17 wherein said sugar is sucrose.
22. The salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation of claim 17 , comprising:
a. 10 mM histidine,
b. 75 ppm Tween 80,
c. 234 mM sucrose,
d. 30 mM arginine, and
e. 10 mM methionine, and
f. 100 mg/ml anti-TFPI antibody;
wherein said anti-TFPI antibody formulation has a pH of 5.5.
23. The salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation of claim 17 wherein said anti-TFPI antibody is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody.
24. The salt-free anti-TFPI antibody formulation of claim 17 wherein said human IgG2 monoclonal antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
25. A method for the treatment of a disorder in a patient, said method comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a protein or antibody formulation comprising between 10 mM and 30 mM histidine, between 50 ppm and 200 ppm polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 20, between 88 mM and 292 mM sucrose, between 0 mM and 50 mM arginine, between 0 mM and 50 mM lysine, between 0 mM and 133 mM glycine, between 0 mM and 10 mM methionine, and between 1 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml of a protein or antibody at a pH of between pH 4.0 and pH 6.0, wherein said protein or antibody formulation contains substantially no inorganic salt.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein said protein or antibody formulation is administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly.
27. A method for the treatment of hemophilia A or hemophilia B in a patient, said method comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-TFPI antibody formulation that contains between 10 mM and 30 mM histidine, between 50 ppm and 200 ppm polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 20, between 88 mM and 292 mM sucrose, between 0 mM and 50 mM arginine, between 0 mM and 50 mM lysine, between 0 mM and 133 mM glycine, between 0 mM and 10 mM methionine, and between 1 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml of a protein at a pH of between pH 4.0 and pH 6.0, and wherein said anti-TFPI formulation contains substantially no inorganic salt.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein said anti-TFPI antibody is a human IgG2
monoclonal antibody.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein said human IgG2 monoclonal antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein said anti-TFPI antibody formulation is administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously.
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- 2013-08-29 AR ARP130103085A patent/AR092388A1/en unknown
- 2013-08-29 UY UY0001034995A patent/UY34995A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-08-30 TW TW102131180A patent/TWI609697B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-08-30 TW TW108113538A patent/TW201927338A/en unknown
- 2013-08-30 TW TW102131326A patent/TW201414496A/en unknown
- 2013-08-30 TW TW106131685A patent/TW201825116A/en unknown
- 2013-08-30 AR ARP130103099A patent/AR092400A1/en unknown
- 2013-12-16 US US14/107,658 patent/US20140105892A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2014
- 2014-08-12 US US14/457,408 patent/US9849181B2/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-02-11 IL IL237188A patent/IL237188A0/en unknown
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- 2015-11-27 HK HK15111675.2A patent/HK1210794A1/en unknown
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2017
- 2017-08-16 US US15/679,053 patent/US20180055940A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-10-18 US US15/787,610 patent/US20180028669A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2018
- 2018-05-11 AU AU2018203320A patent/AU2018203320B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2018-12-17 JP JP2018235273A patent/JP2019048886A/en active Pending
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2019
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- 2019-04-07 IL IL265864A patent/IL265864B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2019-07-18 HR HRP20191299TT patent/HRP20191299T1/en unknown
- 2019-08-16 CY CY20191100881T patent/CY1121989T1/en unknown
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2020
- 2020-01-08 AU AU2020200134A patent/AU2020200134A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-11-11 US US17/095,102 patent/US20230190637A9/en not_active Abandoned
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USRE47150E1 (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2018-12-04 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Optimized monoclonal antibodies against tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) |
US9849181B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2017-12-26 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | High concentration antibody and protein formulations |
US10646571B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2020-05-12 | Eagle Biologics, Inc. | Liquid protein formulations containing cimetidine |
US9925263B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2018-03-27 | Eagle Biologics, Inc. | Liquid pharmaceutical formulations for injection comprising procaine and uses thereof |
US9913905B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2018-03-13 | Eagle Biologics, Inc. | Liquid pharmaceutical formulations for injection comprising thiamine pyrophosphate 1-(3-aminopropyl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazole and uses thereof |
US10179172B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2019-01-15 | Eagle Biologics, Inc. | Liquid pharmaceutical formulations for injection comprising yellow 5 or orange G and uses thereof |
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US10849977B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2020-12-01 | Eagle Biologics, Inc. | Liquid Protein Formulations Containing Thiamine |
US11819550B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2023-11-21 | Eagle Biologics, Inc. | Liquid protein formulations containing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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US11103552B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2021-08-31 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | High concentration VEGF receptor fusion protein containing formulations |
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Owner name: BAYER HEALTHCARE LLC, NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MA, XINGHANG;XIANG, JUN;REEL/FRAME:035384/0175 Effective date: 20130611 |
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