US20140200447A1 - Multi-dimensional image reconstruction - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional image reconstruction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140200447A1 US20140200447A1 US14/214,960 US201414214960A US2014200447A1 US 20140200447 A1 US20140200447 A1 US 20140200447A1 US 201414214960 A US201414214960 A US 201414214960A US 2014200447 A1 US2014200447 A1 US 2014200447A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tissue
- imaging
- marker
- analyzing
- imager
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents
-
- A61B19/54—
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4057—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis by using radiation sources located in the interior of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4208—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
- A61B6/4258—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/486—Diagnostic techniques involving generating temporal series of image data
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5211—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B6/5217—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5211—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B6/5229—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image
- A61B6/5235—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image combining images from the same or different ionising radiation imaging techniques, e.g. PET and CT
- A61B6/5241—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image combining images from the same or different ionising radiation imaging techniques, e.g. PET and CT combining overlapping images of the same imaging modality, e.g. by stitching
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/007—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests for contrast media
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
- G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
- G01T1/166—Scintigraphy involving relative movement between detector and subject
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to multi-dimensional image reconstruction and, more particularly, but not exclusively to such image reconstruction based on a diffuse radioactive source or sources.
- Radiological imaging is generally carried out on a living target, which of course means a mix of tissues in close proximity, if not actually overlapping.
- the general procedure is to feed the patient with one or more radioactive markers prior to the imaging process.
- the radioactive markers are taken up by the digestive system and pass into the bloodstream. From the bloodstream the marker passes into the different tissues at varying rates depending on the tissue type. Some tissues absorb markers faster than others and some tissues absorb certain markers faster than others. Furthermore certain tissues flush out the markers faster than others, and again the rate of flushing out may also depend on the kind of marker being used.
- radioactive marking in fact creates a dynamic system in the body in which the relative darkness of a given tissue is related to a time factor.
- the radiologist knows that if he wants a good image of say the liver following application of a given marker then he should wait a certain number of hours from application of the marker before taking the image. Even so, the liver is not differentiated clearly from the other tissues.
- radiopharmaceuticals examples include monoclonal antibodies or other agents, e.g., fibrinogen or fluorodeoxyglucose, tagged with a radioactive isotope, e.g., 99Mtechnetium, 67gallium, 201thallium, 111indium, 123iodine, 125iodine and 18fluorine, which may be administered orally or intravenously.
- the radiopharmaceuticals are designed to concentrate in the area of a tumor, and the uptake of such radiopharmaceuticals in the active part of a tumor, or other pathologies such as an inflammation, is higher and more rapid than in the tissue that neighbors the tumor.
- a radiation-emission-measuring-probe which may be configured for extracorporeal or intracorporeal use, is employed for locating the position of the active area.
- Another application is the detection of blood clots with radiopharmaceuticals such as ACUTECT from Nycomed Amersham for the detection of newly formed thrombosis in veins, or clots in arteries of the heart or brain, in an emergency or operating room.
- Yet other applications include radioimaging of myocardial infarct using agents such as radioactive anti-myosin antibodies, radioimaging specific cell types using radioactively tagged molecules (also known as molecular imaging), etc.
- the usual preferred emission for such applications is that of gamma rays, which emission is in the energy range of approximately 11-511 KeV. Beta radiation and positrons may also be detected.
- Radioactive-emission imaging is performed with a radioactive-emission-measuring detector, such as a room temperature, solid-state CdZnTe (CZT) detector, which is among the more promising that is currently available. It may be configured as a single-pixel or a multi-pixel detector, and may be obtained, for example, from eV Products, a division of II-VI Corporation, Saxonburg Pa., 16056, or from IMARAD IMAGING SYSTEMS LTD., of Rehovot, ISRAEL, 76124, www.imarad.com, or from another source.
- a radioactive-emission-measuring detector such as a room temperature, solid-state CdZnTe (CZT) detector, which is among the more promising that is currently available. It may be configured as a single-pixel or a multi-pixel detector, and may be obtained, for example, from eV Products, a division of II-VI Corporation, Saxonburg Pa., 16056, or from IMARAD I
- solid-state detector such as CdTe, HgI, Si, Ge, or the like, or a combination of a scintillation detector (such as NaI(Tl), LSO, GSO, CsI, CaF, or the like) and a photomultiplier, or another detector as known, may be used.
- a scintillation detector such as NaI(Tl), LSO, GSO, CsI, CaF, or the like
- a photomultiplier or another detector as known, may be used.
- certain biological or chemical substances such as targeted peptides, monoclonal antibodies and others, are used for tagging specific living molecules for diagnostic purposes.
- these antibodies are specific to the desired type of cells, based on adhering only to specific molecular structures in which the antigene matching the antibody is highly expressed.
- imaging devices such as a nuclear gamma probe or a visual video probe can detect radiation emanating from taggants such as radionuclei or fluorescent dies that have been appended to the antibody before being delivered to the living body.
- taggants such as radionuclei or fluorescent dies that have been appended to the antibody before being delivered to the living body.
- An example is a cancerous cell of a prostate tumor on whose membrane there is an over expression of the Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA).
- PSMA Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen
- a monoclonal antibody such as Capromab Pendetide (commercially available as ProstaScint manufactured by Cytogen Corp.) is labeled with radioactive Indium (In 111) and is systemically delivered to the body
- the Mab is carried by the blood stream and upon reaching the prostate tissue, adheres to the PSMA.
- the high energy radiation photons emitted by the radioactive Indium can be detected using a nuclear camera, indicating the presence and the specific location of the tumor.
- the same antigen is also expressed in more than just the tissue under investigation.
- the antibody will thus also “paint” additional tissues such as infection areas, in addition to the tissue of interest.
- the radioactive readings taken from this additional tissue will be falsely interpreted as tumor areas, reducing the specificity of the test being performed.
- the ‘Target to Background’ ratio that characterizes every such antibody for a given target cell type is one of the major issues that determine the ability to perform proper diagnosis, and guided procedures.
- apparatus for radiation based imaging and analysis of a non-homogenous target area having distinguishable regions therein comprising:
- apparatus for radiation based imaging of a non-homogenous target area having distinguishable regions therein comprising:
- apparatus for radiation based imaging and analysis of a target area comprising:
- a method of radiation based imaging comprising:
- a method for improved tomographic reconstruction of radiation intensities comprising:
- a method of optimization of therapy of the human or animal body comprising:
- apparatus for multi-dimensional image reconstruction based on data acquired from an imaging unit for obtaining radiation intensity data from a target region in the spatial dimensions and at least one other dimension comprising:
- Implementation of the method and system of the present invention involves performing or completing certain selected tasks or steps manually, automatically, or a combination thereof.
- several selected steps could be implemented by hardware or by software on any operating system of any firmware or a combination thereof.
- selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a chip or a circuit.
- selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a computer using any suitable operating system.
- selected steps of the method and system of the invention could be described as being performed by a data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing a single detector detecting over a target region
- FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram showing two detector positions (not necessarily simultaneously) allowing three-dimensional information to be obtained from a target region;
- FIGS. 3A-3D show a series of four time absorption characteristics for different radiopharmaceuticals within different tissues
- FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram showing a device for driving an imaging head and allowing control of the imaging head by the image analyzer device;
- FIG. 5 is a simplified flow chart illustrating the image analysis process carried out by the analyzer in FIG. 4 in the case of a single marker
- FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate two sets of successive images of the same target area taken using two different markers respectively, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7A is a simplified flow chart illustrating a procedure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention using two or more markers for first of all identifying an organ and then secondly determining the presence or otherwise of a pathology within that organ;
- FIG. 7B is a simplified flow chart showing a generalization of FIG. 7A for the general case of two specific patterns
- FIG. 8 is a simplified flow chart illustrating a procedure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention using two or more markers for identifying a region of low emissivity within a target area and using that identification to control imaging resources to better image the identified region;
- FIGS. 9A-9D illustrate two sets of successive images of the same target area taken using two different markers, in a similar way to that shown in FIG. 6 , except that this time the regions of interest are one inside the other.
- the present embodiments comprise an apparatus and a method for radiation based imaging of a non-homogenous target area having regions of different material or tissue type or pathology.
- the imaging uses multi-dimensional data of the target area in order to distinguish the different regions.
- the multi-dimensional data involves time as one of the dimensions.
- a radioactive marker has particular time-absorption characteristics which are specific for the different tissues, and the imaging device is programmed to constrain its imaging to a particular characteristic.
- the result is not merely an image which concentrates on the tissue of interest but also, because it is constrained to the tissue of interest, is able to concentrate imaging resources on that tissue and thus produce a higher resolution image than the prior art systems which are completely tissue blind.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a simple Geiger counter taking an image of a target according to the prior art.
- Geiger counter 10 is placed in association with target 12 and absorbs any radioactive particles that come its way.
- the radioactive particles arriving at the Geiger counter arrive from somewhere within cone 14 .
- the Geiger counter has no information as to the depth from which the particle comes and cannot even distinguish between particles arriving from different directions within the cone.
- the prior art Geiger counter gives low resolution one dimensional information.
- the data from the different positions can be built up into a low resolution two-dimensional image.
- FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram showing how three-dimensional information can be obtained from the target. Parts that are the same as in previous figures are given the same reference numerals and are not referred to again except as necessary for understanding the present embodiment.
- a second Geiger counter 16 is placed essentially at right angles to the first Geiger counter and obtains a similar kind of image to the first Geiger counter. However, since the two cones overlap, the images produced can be cross-correlated to infer the presence of hot or cold radiation sources in three dimensions.
- FIG. 3 is a sequence of graphs illustrating the different absorption characteristics for different tissues of a given radioactive marker.
- Typical markers that may be considered are Thalium 201 and Technitium 99.
- FIG. 3 a indicates a typical absorption characteristic of thalium 201 for blood, thalium 201 being a particularly good marker for blood.
- the marker is generally absorbed by the blood fairly rapidly following digestion and then gradually disappears as it is taken up by the various tissues and organs including the kidneys. Marker material from the tissues eventually finds its way back into the blood for excretion. That which is absorbed by the kidneys is excreted directly and not seen again.
- FIGS. 3B , 3 C and 3 D show time absorption characteristics for technitium 99 for different tissues, and it will be seen that the characteristic is generally curved but peaks at different times for the different tissues.
- Apparatus 20 comprises an imaging unit 22 which itself consists of a series of small Geiger counters 24.1 . . . 24.n arranged on an imaging head.
- the imaging unit is controlled by motion controller 26 to take readings from different locations around the target area.
- the motion of the imaging head is controlled by software via servo-motors.
- the motions either of the individual Geiger counters or of groupings of the Geiger counters, is also controlled by software via servo-motors.
- the signals received from the individual Geiger counters are summed to form a three-dimensional image of the target area.
- the system could also be based on a two-dimensional image. In either case, the signals are fed to an image analyzer 28 , where the signals are analyzed to form images.
- the image analyzer is able to use the marker take up characteristics to compare successive images and identify regions of particular interest, and then to concentrate imaging resources on those regions. That is to say the image analyzer is in fact able to control further operation of the imager.
- FIG. 5 is a simplified flow chart illustrating the image analysis process carried out by analyzer 28 in the case of a single marker.
- a series of images of the same views are taken at different times, stage 30 , and a three-dimensional overall image of the target is formed for each time.
- the analyzer then analyzes each of the three-dimensional overall images for local intensities at different locations around the target, stage 32 .
- the local intensities are noted and the same locations on the different images are superimposed in stage 34 . From the superpositioning, local rates of change of intensity between the images may be obtained in stage 36 .
- the rates of change are compared with the pre-obtained characteristics for the marker with the different tissues in stage 38 , and the data are then constrained to those localities which conform to the desired predetermined characteristics in stage 40 .
- the imaging process can be used to identify and concentrate on localities of interest and data from other localities can be jettisoned. Consequently, the image analysis is able to concentrate its resources on the tissues of interest and a higher resolution final image can be produced.
- tissue in many cases two types of tissue may be superimposed, of which only one of the tissues is of interest. In this case it is of equal importance both to exclude the one tissue that is not of interest and to include the tissue that is of interest. It may be that the best marker for one tissue may not be the best marker for the other tissue.
- the system as described with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5 may be adapted to use with two or more markers, as exemplified in FIG. 6 .
- Each marker produces a radioactive particle of different energy level, and therefore the data from the different markers can be collected and summed separately to form different images.
- the different data sets obtained from the different energy level signals may be treated as different dimensions of a multi-dimensional vector.
- the appropriate characteristics are used to identify the tissues of interest, and the results can be cross-checked between the different markers.
- the different tissues can be mapped and the image analysis can concentrate on the area of interest.
- the system uses both time and particle energy as separate dimensions in addition to the spatial dimensions in order to characterize or map the tissues.
- the image analysis unit is able to produce a final result treating the various tissue regions as separate entities. Furthermore, as the system is aware of the regions as entities it is able to further direct the imaging process to concentrate on the regions of interest.
- An example in which regions at least partially overlap is the heart.
- scans of the heart are interested in the muscular walls of the heart.
- the chambers of the heart are filled with blood, any signal coming from the blood is in fact noise to this kind of scan. It is therefore advantageous to carry out an imaging process which is able to positively identify signals from the muscular heart walls and at the same time exclude the blood.
- the patient ingests two markers, thalium 201 and technetium 99.
- the first of these is an effective blood marker and two successive thalium images are shown in FIGS. 6 a and 6 b
- the second is more effective at marking muscle tissue and two successive images thereof are shown in FIGS. 6 c and 6 d .
- the heart is imaged at intervals chosen both for the characteristic for thalium 201 in blood and for the characteristic of technetium 99 in muscle.
- the result is a series of images for each of the markers.
- the series for thalium 201 may be constrained to show the regions of blood quite clearly, and to filter out other regions.
- FIGS. 6 c and 6 d show muscle wall structures.
- the first of the two images apparently shows larger structures but in fact all that it is showing is that much technetium has not yet been absorbed in the muscle.
- the second image 6 d may therefore be used to constrain the first image 6 c to show only the muscle walls regions.
- the two series of images may then be superimposed to filter out from the technetium 99 images 6 c and 6 d anything that appears strongly in the thalium images 6 a and 6 b.
- the filtering may additionally remove anything that appears strongly in both images as coming from outside the region.
- regions were of respectively positive and negative interest, meaning one for concentrating on and the other for filtering out. It will be appreciated that several regions or several tissue types may be of positive interest or there may be any combination of regions with just one being of positive interest. Alternatively all regions may be of positive interest but importance may be attached to discriminating between the different signals from the different regions.
- the system is able to use the mapping to generate an image comprising the different tissue regions as distinct entities.
- the system is able to be aware electronically of the different regions and thus control both the imaging head and the analysis unit to concentrate their resources on specific regions. The result is greater resolution for the regions of interest.
- the preferred embodiments may be used to expand the information obtained from the markers, using either or both of examining the kinetics of the markers over time and using several markers concurrently.
- second substances with reactivity and pharmaco-kinetics differing from those of the first substance can be used in order to enhance the differentiation between the different pathologies, as explained above with respect to FIG. 6 .
- the secondary substance in this case thalium, ideally marks only a subset of the population marked by the primary substance and does so at different rates. Such a difference exists because of different affinity to various cell types and different participation in metabolic reactions of different tissues. The difference is associated with the rate of marking and/or with the location of the marking.
- spatial properties that reflect typical relationships between neighboring voxels may also be a criteria and represented as part of the pattern of the tissue type.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an additional statistical approach.
- an automatic algorithm based on expected intensities may be used to determine if the entire organ or region is diseased or non-diseased. Once it is possible to become tissue-aware, as explained above, then it is no longer necessary to carry out such analysis on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Rather the system is able to determine where the organ lies say using a first marker and then a second marker may be imaged using the constraint of the organ location, the second marker being able to locate the presence of the pathology.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a method for using the tissue aware properties of the present embodiments in order to tune detection to match tissue or organ emissivities.
- any region no matter how much radiation it produces, can always be imaged sufficiently simply by leaving the measuring device in position for long enough.
- the present embodiments can be used to identify regions that may be expected to produce less emission.
- the system may then tune imaging resources or resolution onto those tissues according to the number of photons available. Clearly the more photons obtained the more reliable is the data, and therefore a tissue aware system is able to concentrate more detectors on the weaker signaling tissues.
- tissue regions may be identified using multiple markers.
- the above-described embodiment may lead to controlled sensitivity levels, currently not available with radioimaging.
- the specificity of a single antibody carrying a drug determines the chance for non-target tissue to receive the drug, and thus be subject to any toxicity of the drug.
- a combination of antibodies may be used to improve the overall specificity, and thus to reduce overall toxicity and enable higher efficacy of treatment.
- a first antibody (A1) based drug binds to the target N1 folds its affinity to the closest non-target tissue (B1)
- a second antibody (A2) with similar drug has target affinity which is N2 folds higher than its closest non-target tissue (B2)
- using a merged therapy will enable better target vs. non-target specificity, which is better than N1 and N2 (assuming B1 and B2 are different).
- the system may include a signal analysis module, including a library of patterns that are typical for every cell type. Each type of cells has one or more patterns associated with it, and the pattern determines how a set of markers injected according to a specific protocol (dosage, time, etc) may be expressed in that cell type.
- the analysis includes classification of the readings from each voxel based on correlation, or other statistical tools for assessing the most probable tissue classification for each voxel.
- the algorithm may be optimized to determine the exact tissue type per voxel or region.
- the algorithm may be optimized to determine the general property of diseased/non-diseased, while taking the specific classification only as a factor in the statistical analysis.
- the system may allow for various protocols for administering the markers, where injection of the various markers may be simultaneous, or multiple injections at various times, as various markers have different lifetime in the circulation.
- An intensity distribution I is now redefined as a vector of distributions over the volume U, forming our input space.
- Each dimension of the vector is a different one of the radiopharmaceuticals.
- the universal set U comprises a set of basic elements u (e.g., pixels in two dimensional spaces, voxels in three dimensional spaces), and I(u) is the intensity in a given basic element u ⁇ U.
- I(u)(j,t) An inverse (or reconstruction) problem arises when one cannot sample directly from I, but can sample from a given set of views ⁇ .
- a projection ⁇ is defined by the set of probabilities ⁇ (u):u ⁇ U ⁇ , where ⁇ (u) is the probability of detecting a radioactive emission from a voxel u, as defined by viewing parameters, such as the physical and geometrical properties of the detecting unit, as well as the attenuation parameters of the viewed volume U, and the time parameters.
- viewing parameters such as the physical and geometrical properties of the detecting unit, as well as the attenuation parameters of the viewed volume U, and the time parameters.
- I is the intensity of a radioactive substance
- the viewing parameters include the geometrical properties of a collimated detecting unit and the detecting unit's position and orientation with respect to volume U.
- the number of radioactive emissions counted by the detecting unit within a time interval is a Poisson distribution, where ⁇ (u) is the detection probability of a photon emitted from voxel u ⁇ U and the mean of the distribution is the weighted sum ⁇ u ⁇ U ⁇ (u)I(u).
- the projection set is thus defined by a matrix ⁇ , whose rows are the projections of the chosen views.
- I is a vector of densities (specified per each element in U)
- ⁇ I is a vector of respective effective intensity levels for the views in the set.
- a vector of measurements y is obtained by a random sample from each view (according to the associated Poisson distribution).
- the problem is solved (an image created) one of the vectors say once an hour.
- the rates of change are determined.
- the problem is solved for another of the vectors at similar time intervals and the rates of change are determined.
- a stage of cross-identification is carried out between the two images, so that wanted tissues as identified by each image minus unwanted tissues identified by each image are concentrated on to form a new image.
- Cross-identification may be an iterative process.
- the areas identified by the blood marker are subtracted.
- the areas identified by the muscle marker are added, and those tissues not identified by either are likewise ignored as being signals from outside the target region.
- the non-homogenous target area is typically a region of living tissue, generally belonging to a patient.
- the distinguishable regions within can be different tissues, different organs, a mixture of blood and organ tissue as with the above example of the heart, or tissue regions exhibiting differential pathologies.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/656,548 filed Jan. 23, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/034,007 filed Jan. 13, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,176,466, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/535,830 filed Jan. 13, 2004. The contents of the above applications are all incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein in their entirety.
- The present invention relates to multi-dimensional image reconstruction and, more particularly, but not exclusively to such image reconstruction based on a diffuse radioactive source or sources.
- Radiological imaging is generally carried out on a living target, which of course means a mix of tissues in close proximity, if not actually overlapping. The general procedure is to feed the patient with one or more radioactive markers prior to the imaging process. The radioactive markers are taken up by the digestive system and pass into the bloodstream. From the bloodstream the marker passes into the different tissues at varying rates depending on the tissue type. Some tissues absorb markers faster than others and some tissues absorb certain markers faster than others. Furthermore certain tissues flush out the markers faster than others, and again the rate of flushing out may also depend on the kind of marker being used.
- As a result, radioactive marking in fact creates a dynamic system in the body in which the relative darkness of a given tissue is related to a time factor. The radiologist knows that if he wants a good image of say the liver following application of a given marker then he should wait a certain number of hours from application of the marker before taking the image. Even so, the liver is not differentiated clearly from the other tissues.
- Examples of radiopharmaceuticals include monoclonal antibodies or other agents, e.g., fibrinogen or fluorodeoxyglucose, tagged with a radioactive isotope, e.g., 99Mtechnetium, 67gallium, 201thallium, 111indium, 123iodine, 125iodine and 18fluorine, which may be administered orally or intravenously. The radiopharmaceuticals are designed to concentrate in the area of a tumor, and the uptake of such radiopharmaceuticals in the active part of a tumor, or other pathologies such as an inflammation, is higher and more rapid than in the tissue that neighbors the tumor. Thereafter, a radiation-emission-measuring-probe, which may be configured for extracorporeal or intracorporeal use, is employed for locating the position of the active area. Another application is the detection of blood clots with radiopharmaceuticals such as ACUTECT from Nycomed Amersham for the detection of newly formed thrombosis in veins, or clots in arteries of the heart or brain, in an emergency or operating room. Yet other applications include radioimaging of myocardial infarct using agents such as radioactive anti-myosin antibodies, radioimaging specific cell types using radioactively tagged molecules (also known as molecular imaging), etc.
- The usual preferred emission for such applications is that of gamma rays, which emission is in the energy range of approximately 11-511 KeV. Beta radiation and positrons may also be detected.
- Radioactive-emission imaging is performed with a radioactive-emission-measuring detector, such as a room temperature, solid-state CdZnTe (CZT) detector, which is among the more promising that is currently available. It may be configured as a single-pixel or a multi-pixel detector, and may be obtained, for example, from eV Products, a division of II-VI Corporation, Saxonburg Pa., 16056, or from IMARAD IMAGING SYSTEMS LTD., of Rehovot, ISRAEL, 76124, www.imarad.com, or from another source. Alternatively, another solid-state detector such as CdTe, HgI, Si, Ge, or the like, or a combination of a scintillation detector (such as NaI(Tl), LSO, GSO, CsI, CaF, or the like) and a photomultiplier, or another detector as known, may be used.
- Considering the issue in greater detail, certain biological or chemical substances such as targeted peptides, monoclonal antibodies and others, are used for tagging specific living molecules for diagnostic purposes. Ideally, these antibodies are specific to the desired type of cells, based on adhering only to specific molecular structures in which the antigene matching the antibody is highly expressed. The use of imaging devices such as a nuclear gamma probe or a visual video probe can detect radiation emanating from taggants such as radionuclei or fluorescent dies that have been appended to the antibody before being delivered to the living body. An example is a cancerous cell of a prostate tumor on whose membrane there is an over expression of the Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA). When a monoclonal antibody (Mab) such as Capromab Pendetide (commercially available as ProstaScint manufactured by Cytogen Corp.) is labeled with radioactive Indium (In 111) and is systemically delivered to the body, the Mab is carried by the blood stream and upon reaching the prostate tissue, adheres to the PSMA. The high energy radiation photons emitted by the radioactive Indium can be detected using a nuclear camera, indicating the presence and the specific location of the tumor.
- Unfortunately, given the complexity of living organisms, in many instances the same antigen is also expressed in more than just the tissue under investigation. The antibody will thus also “paint” additional tissues such as infection areas, in addition to the tissue of interest. The radioactive readings taken from this additional tissue will be falsely interpreted as tumor areas, reducing the specificity of the test being performed.
- The ‘Target to Background’ ratio that characterizes every such antibody for a given target cell type is one of the major issues that determine the ability to perform proper diagnosis, and guided procedures.
- Since the uptake clearance of such a marker by the various tissues (target and background) varies over time, standard diagnosis protocols usually recommend taking an image at the time at which the ratio of Target emission vs. Background emission is the highest.
- In an experimental system tried out by researchers, two markers were supplied to various patients and then images were taken at successive intervals for each of the markers. Certain features in the target areas showed up clearly in all images, other features were clear for all images of one marker but faded in and faded out for the other marker, and yet other features faded in and out for both markers but at different times. The researchers were able to use their knowledge of the behaviors of the two markers with different tissues in order to identify the features in the images.
- The above system therefore relies on the knowledge of the researchers to put together information received from multiple images into an understanding of what the radio-imaging shows. In the general hospital environment it is not possible to guarantee that the necessary expertise is available, at least not for the amount of time that such a system would require.
- There is thus a widely recognized need for, and it would be highly advantageous to have, a radiological imaging system devoid of the above limitations.
- According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for radiation based imaging and analysis of a non-homogenous target area having distinguishable regions therein, the apparatus comprising:
-
- an imaging unit configured to obtain radiation emission data from said target region in the spatial dimensions and at least one other dimension, and
- an image multi-dimensional analysis unit associated with said imaging unit for analyzing said obtained emission data in said spatial dimensions and said at least one other dimension in order to discern patterns across said dimensions.
- According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for radiation based imaging of a non-homogenous target area having distinguishable regions therein, the apparatus comprising:
-
- an imaging unit configured to obtain radiation emission data from said target region in the spatial dimensions and a time dimension, and
- an image multi-dimensional analysis unit associated with said imaging unit for analyzing said obtained emission data in said spatial dimensions and said time dimension in order to discern at least one property from a time profile of a marker in said distinguishable regions of said target area.
- According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for radiation based imaging and analysis of a target area, the apparatus comprising:
-
- an imaging unit configured to obtain radiation emission data from said target region in the spatial dimensions and at least one other dimension, and
- an image multi-dimensional analysis unit associated with said imaging unit for analyzing said obtained emission data in said spatial dimensions and said at least one other dimension in order to discern patterns within a respective target region.
- According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of radiation based imaging, comprising:
-
- acquiring data;
- reconstructing an image from said data;
- automatically detecting at least one region, in said image; and
- automatic controlling at least one of said acquiring and said reconstructing to generate an improved image, based on said detecting.
- According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for improved tomographic reconstruction of radiation intensities, comprising:
-
- initially reconstructing at least one distinguishable region from said radiation intensities
- extracting parameters associated with different properties of said reconstructed distinguishable region;
- classifying said at least one reconstructed distinguishable region by the extracted parameters associated therewith;
- iteratively using the classification of said extracted parameters to improve delimitation of said classified reconstructed distinguishable region, thereby to improve reconstruction thereof.
- According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of optimization of therapy of the human or animal body, comprising:
-
- identifying a target region for said therapy;
- applying to a patient at least one radioactive marker;
- obtaining radiation emission data from said target region in the spatial dimensions and at least one other dimension, and
- analyzing said obtained emission data in spatial dimensions and at least one other dimension in order to discern patterns across said dimensions, thereby to characterize said target region, and
- optimizing said therapy based on said characterization.
- According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for multi-dimensional image reconstruction based on data acquired from an imaging unit for obtaining radiation intensity data from a target region in the spatial dimensions and at least one other dimension, the apparatus comprising:
-
- an image four-dimension analysis unit configured to analyze said obtained intensity data in said spatial dimension and said at least one other dimension in order to map at least one distinguishable region in terms of a property, said property being that of at least one member of the group comprising a tissue, a disease, a disease stage and a physiological process.
- Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
- Implementation of the method and system of the present invention involves performing or completing certain selected tasks or steps manually, automatically, or a combination thereof. Moreover, according to actual instrumentation and equipment of preferred embodiments of the method and system of the present invention, several selected steps could be implemented by hardware or by software on any operating system of any firmware or a combination thereof. For example, as hardware, selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a chip or a circuit. As software, selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a computer using any suitable operating system. In any case, selected steps of the method and system of the invention could be described as being performed by a data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions.
- The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented in order to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice.
- In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing a single detector detecting over a target region; -
FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram showing two detector positions (not necessarily simultaneously) allowing three-dimensional information to be obtained from a target region; -
FIGS. 3A-3D show a series of four time absorption characteristics for different radiopharmaceuticals within different tissues; -
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram showing a device for driving an imaging head and allowing control of the imaging head by the image analyzer device; -
FIG. 5 is a simplified flow chart illustrating the image analysis process carried out by the analyzer inFIG. 4 in the case of a single marker; -
FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate two sets of successive images of the same target area taken using two different markers respectively, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7A is a simplified flow chart illustrating a procedure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention using two or more markers for first of all identifying an organ and then secondly determining the presence or otherwise of a pathology within that organ; -
FIG. 7B is a simplified flow chart showing a generalization ofFIG. 7A for the general case of two specific patterns; -
FIG. 8 is a simplified flow chart illustrating a procedure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention using two or more markers for identifying a region of low emissivity within a target area and using that identification to control imaging resources to better image the identified region; and -
FIGS. 9A-9D illustrate two sets of successive images of the same target area taken using two different markers, in a similar way to that shown inFIG. 6 , except that this time the regions of interest are one inside the other. - The present embodiments comprise an apparatus and a method for radiation based imaging of a non-homogenous target area having regions of different material or tissue type or pathology. The imaging uses multi-dimensional data of the target area in order to distinguish the different regions. Typically the multi-dimensional data involves time as one of the dimensions. A radioactive marker has particular time-absorption characteristics which are specific for the different tissues, and the imaging device is programmed to constrain its imaging to a particular characteristic.
- The result is not merely an image which concentrates on the tissue of interest but also, because it is constrained to the tissue of interest, is able to concentrate imaging resources on that tissue and thus produce a higher resolution image than the prior art systems which are completely tissue blind.
- The principles and operation of a radiological imaging system according to the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and accompanying description.
- Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
- Reference is now made to
FIG. 1 , which illustrates a simple Geiger counter taking an image of a target according to the prior art.Geiger counter 10 is placed in association withtarget 12 and absorbs any radioactive particles that come its way. In general the radioactive particles arriving at the Geiger counter arrive from somewhere withincone 14. The Geiger counter has no information as to the depth from which the particle comes and cannot even distinguish between particles arriving from different directions within the cone. Thus in principle the prior art Geiger counter gives low resolution one dimensional information. - If the counter is now moved to different positions over the surface of the target then the data from the different positions can be built up into a low resolution two-dimensional image.
- One way of increasing the resolution of the Geiger counter is to make it smaller. Then the cone, whilst retaining the same geometry, gives higher resolution data.
- The detector takes (yt)t=1 T samples to form a data set, which would typically be a two-dimensional image of the target from a given direction.
- Reference is now made to
FIG. 2 , which is a simplified diagram showing how three-dimensional information can be obtained from the target. Parts that are the same as in previous figures are given the same reference numerals and are not referred to again except as necessary for understanding the present embodiment. Asecond Geiger counter 16 is placed essentially at right angles to the first Geiger counter and obtains a similar kind of image to the first Geiger counter. However, since the two cones overlap, the images produced can be cross-correlated to infer the presence of hot or cold radiation sources in three dimensions. - Reference is now made to
FIG. 3 , which is a sequence of graphs illustrating the different absorption characteristics for different tissues of a given radioactive marker. Typical markers that may be considered areThalium 201 and Technitium 99.FIG. 3 a indicates a typical absorption characteristic ofthalium 201 for blood,thalium 201 being a particularly good marker for blood. The marker is generally absorbed by the blood fairly rapidly following digestion and then gradually disappears as it is taken up by the various tissues and organs including the kidneys. Marker material from the tissues eventually finds its way back into the blood for excretion. That which is absorbed by the kidneys is excreted directly and not seen again. -
FIGS. 3B , 3C and 3D show time absorption characteristics for technitium 99 for different tissues, and it will be seen that the characteristic is generally curved but peaks at different times for the different tissues. - The principle on which the present embodiments are based is as follows: Considering the graphs in
FIG. 3 , it will be apparent that a region belonging to a single tissue will behave in a uniform manner as regards signal intensity. That is to say, a given marker will be taken up and then expelled at the same rate over a given tissue, whereas this rate will be different for other tissues. If therefore a series of successive images are taken of the target and the images are analyzed region by region for rates of change of intensity, a particular desired region can be identified by virtue of having rates of change in intensity that fit with a given characteristic. The regions are distinguishable in this way even if the region of interest is heavily overlapped with other regions. - Reference is now made to
FIG. 4 , which shows apparatus for radiation-based imaging of a non-homogenous target area.Apparatus 20 comprises animaging unit 22 which itself consists of a series of small Geiger counters 24.1 . . . 24.n arranged on an imaging head. The imaging unit is controlled bymotion controller 26 to take readings from different locations around the target area. Preferably, the motion of the imaging head is controlled by software via servo-motors. In addition the motions, either of the individual Geiger counters or of groupings of the Geiger counters, is also controlled by software via servo-motors. - In a preferred embodiment, the signals received from the individual Geiger counters are summed to form a three-dimensional image of the target area. The skilled person will appreciate that the system could also be based on a two-dimensional image. In either case, the signals are fed to an
image analyzer 28, where the signals are analyzed to form images. - In the preferred embodiments, the image analyzer is able to use the marker take up characteristics to compare successive images and identify regions of particular interest, and then to concentrate imaging resources on those regions. That is to say the image analyzer is in fact able to control further operation of the imager.
- Reference is now made to
FIG. 5 , which is a simplified flow chart illustrating the image analysis process carried out byanalyzer 28 in the case of a single marker. Preferably a series of images of the same views are taken at different times,stage 30, and a three-dimensional overall image of the target is formed for each time. The analyzer then analyzes each of the three-dimensional overall images for local intensities at different locations around the target,stage 32. The local intensities are noted and the same locations on the different images are superimposed instage 34. From the superpositioning, local rates of change of intensity between the images may be obtained instage 36. The rates of change are compared with the pre-obtained characteristics for the marker with the different tissues instage 38, and the data are then constrained to those localities which conform to the desired predetermined characteristics instage 40. As a result the imaging process can be used to identify and concentrate on localities of interest and data from other localities can be jettisoned. Consequently, the image analysis is able to concentrate its resources on the tissues of interest and a higher resolution final image can be produced. - It will be appreciated that in many cases two types of tissue may be superimposed, of which only one of the tissues is of interest. In this case it is of equal importance both to exclude the one tissue that is not of interest and to include the tissue that is of interest. It may be that the best marker for one tissue may not be the best marker for the other tissue. The system as described with respect to
FIGS. 4 and 5 may be adapted to use with two or more markers, as exemplified inFIG. 6 . Each marker produces a radioactive particle of different energy level, and therefore the data from the different markers can be collected and summed separately to form different images. Mathematically the different data sets obtained from the different energy level signals may be treated as different dimensions of a multi-dimensional vector. For each of the marker-images the appropriate characteristics are used to identify the tissues of interest, and the results can be cross-checked between the different markers. The different tissues can be mapped and the image analysis can concentrate on the area of interest. As a result the system uses both time and particle energy as separate dimensions in addition to the spatial dimensions in order to characterize or map the tissues. - As a result the image analysis unit is able to produce a final result treating the various tissue regions as separate entities. Furthermore, as the system is aware of the regions as entities it is able to further direct the imaging process to concentrate on the regions of interest.
- An example in which regions at least partially overlap is the heart. Generally, scans of the heart are interested in the muscular walls of the heart. Although the chambers of the heart are filled with blood, any signal coming from the blood is in fact noise to this kind of scan. It is therefore advantageous to carry out an imaging process which is able to positively identify signals from the muscular heart walls and at the same time exclude the blood.
- Referring now to
FIG. 6 , and in a preferred embodiment, the patient ingests two markers,thalium 201 and technetium 99. The first of these is an effective blood marker and two successive thalium images are shown inFIGS. 6 a and 6 b, and the second is more effective at marking muscle tissue and two successive images thereof are shown inFIGS. 6 c and 6 d. The heart is imaged at intervals chosen both for the characteristic forthalium 201 in blood and for the characteristic of technetium 99 in muscle. The result is a series of images for each of the markers. The series forthalium 201 may be constrained to show the regions of blood quite clearly, and to filter out other regions. In here a blood vessel is shown clearly in 6 a and more faintly in 6 b where the thalium has mostly been flushed out. The series for technetium 99,FIGS. 6 c and 6 d show muscle wall structures. The first of the two images apparently shows larger structures but in fact all that it is showing is that much technetium has not yet been absorbed in the muscle. The second image 6 d may therefore be used to constrain the first image 6 c to show only the muscle walls regions. The two series of images may then be superimposed to filter out from the technetium 99 images 6 c and 6 d anything that appears strongly in the thalium images 6 a and 6 b. The filtering may additionally remove anything that appears strongly in both images as coming from outside the region. - In the above example, two regions were of respectively positive and negative interest, meaning one for concentrating on and the other for filtering out. It will be appreciated that several regions or several tissue types may be of positive interest or there may be any combination of regions with just one being of positive interest. Alternatively all regions may be of positive interest but importance may be attached to discriminating between the different signals from the different regions.
- The system is able to use the mapping to generate an image comprising the different tissue regions as distinct entities. As a consequence of the mapping process, the system is able to be aware electronically of the different regions and thus control both the imaging head and the analysis unit to concentrate their resources on specific regions. The result is greater resolution for the regions of interest.
- The preferred embodiments may be used to expand the information obtained from the markers, using either or both of examining the kinetics of the markers over time and using several markers concurrently.
- In order to increase the specificity of the test, additional second substances (“secondary substances”), with reactivity and pharmaco-kinetics differing from those of the first substance can be used in order to enhance the differentiation between the different pathologies, as explained above with respect to
FIG. 6 . The secondary substance, in this case thalium, ideally marks only a subset of the population marked by the primary substance and does so at different rates. Such a difference exists because of different affinity to various cell types and different participation in metabolic reactions of different tissues. The difference is associated with the rate of marking and/or with the location of the marking. - Upon reading the radioactive signals emanating from the voxels stemming from different substances at different time instances, it is possible to build for every voxel a multi dimensional data matrix Sjk whose elements are intensity readings taken at instances K resulting from the interaction of Substance J. Examination of every voxel of tissue in this multidimensional space quantifies the temporal and specific reaction of the tissue to different substances and thus increases the probability of specific detection of different pathologies. Furthermore, standard image processing techniques can be used in order to more accurately define the spatial location of different pathologies.
- In addition to the method above, spatial properties that reflect typical relationships between neighboring voxels may also be a criteria and represented as part of the pattern of the tissue type.
- Reference is now made to
FIG. 7 , which illustrates an additional statistical approach. InFIG. 7 , an automatic algorithm based on expected intensities may be used to determine if the entire organ or region is diseased or non-diseased. Once it is possible to become tissue-aware, as explained above, then it is no longer necessary to carry out such analysis on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Rather the system is able to determine where the organ lies say using a first marker and then a second marker may be imaged using the constraint of the organ location, the second marker being able to locate the presence of the pathology. - Reference is now made to
FIG. 8 which illustrates a method for using the tissue aware properties of the present embodiments in order to tune detection to match tissue or organ emissivities. Generally, any region, no matter how much radiation it produces, can always be imaged sufficiently simply by leaving the measuring device in position for long enough. However, in many cases there may be limited time available. For such cases in which there is limited time for data acquisition, the present embodiments can be used to identify regions that may be expected to produce less emission. The system may then tune imaging resources or resolution onto those tissues according to the number of photons available. Clearly the more photons obtained the more reliable is the data, and therefore a tissue aware system is able to concentrate more detectors on the weaker signaling tissues. - If there are still not enough photons, or there are not enough detectors, then another way of pooling resources is to merge neighboring voxels (or regions). Such a procedure may reduce resolution, but will increase the overall number of photons for that merged region, and thus enable better classification of that region based on a more reliable photon count. Such a compromise enables analysis of the same collected data by ways that would allow high resolution where there are enough photons and lower resolutions where there are less while maintaining reliability of the analysis.
- Again the tissue regions may be identified using multiple markers.
- The above-described embodiment may lead to controlled sensitivity levels, currently not available with radioimaging.
- The concept of using multiple antibodies can be used for therapy purposes, as in the following:
- The specificity of a single antibody carrying a drug (or radioactive therapy) determines the chance for non-target tissue to receive the drug, and thus be subject to any toxicity of the drug. In cases where there are several antibodies, each with limited specificity, but with affinity to different ‘background’ tissue, a combination of antibodies may be used to improve the overall specificity, and thus to reduce overall toxicity and enable higher efficacy of treatment.
- For example, if a first antibody (A1) based drug binds to the target N1 folds its affinity to the closest non-target tissue (B1), and a second antibody (A2) with similar drug has target affinity which is N2 folds higher than its closest non-target tissue (B2), then using a merged therapy will enable better target vs. non-target specificity, which is better than N1 and N2 (assuming B1 and B2 are different).
- In a more generalized embodiment, the system may include a signal analysis module, including a library of patterns that are typical for every cell type. Each type of cells has one or more patterns associated with it, and the pattern determines how a set of markers injected according to a specific protocol (dosage, time, etc) may be expressed in that cell type. The analysis includes classification of the readings from each voxel based on correlation, or other statistical tools for assessing the most probable tissue classification for each voxel.
- Since there may be several cell types for a given disease (e.g. cancer may show in several forms), the algorithm may be optimized to determine the exact tissue type per voxel or region. Alternatively, the algorithm may be optimized to determine the general property of diseased/non-diseased, while taking the specific classification only as a factor in the statistical analysis.
- It should be noted that the system may allow for various protocols for administering the markers, where injection of the various markers may be simultaneous, or multiple injections at various times, as various markers have different lifetime in the circulation.
- The issue of generating imaging using two or more markers is now considered mathematically.
- An intensity distribution I, conventionally defined in terms of radioactive emissions per seconds, is now redefined as a vector of distributions over the volume U, forming our input space. Each dimension of the vector is a different one of the radiopharmaceuticals. The universal set U comprises a set of basic elements u (e.g., pixels in two dimensional spaces, voxels in three dimensional spaces), and I(u) is the intensity in a given basic element u ∈ U. For j radiopharmaceuticals this becomes I(u)(j,t) An inverse (or reconstruction) problem arises when one cannot sample directly from I, but can sample from a given set of views Φ. A projection φ∈Φ is defined by the set of probabilities {φ(u):u∈U}, where φ (u) is the probability of detecting a radioactive emission from a voxel u, as defined by viewing parameters, such as the physical and geometrical properties of the detecting unit, as well as the attenuation parameters of the viewed volume U, and the time parameters. A measurement is obtained by choosing a view φ∈Φ, and then sampling according to the viewing parameters.
- For j radiopharmaceuticals or markers and k detectors, the probability of seeing a particle becomes φjk (u)
- In the following analysis, I is the intensity of a radioactive substance, and the viewing parameters include the geometrical properties of a collimated detecting unit and the detecting unit's position and orientation with respect to volume U. The number of radioactive emissions counted by the detecting unit within a time interval is a Poisson distribution, where φ (u) is the detection probability of a photon emitted from voxel u∈U and the mean of the distribution is the weighted sum Σu∈Uφ(u)I(u).
- For the case of the kth detector a measurement Yk=Σu∈UXt(u), where X(U) is a Poisson distribution.
-
X(j,k,t)(u)=I(i,t)(u)·φ(u)jk(u). -
Where Y(j,k,t)=ΣX(j,k,t)(u). -
Hence Y(j,k,t))=Poisson(Y(j,k,t)) - The projection set is thus defined by a matrix Φ, whose rows are the projections of the chosen views. I is a vector of densities (specified per each element in U), and (ΦI is a vector of respective effective intensity levels for the views in the set. A vector of measurements y is obtained by a random sample from each view (according to the associated Poisson distribution). As discussed above, there are various known reconstruction methods that provide estimators for I given the projections Φ and the measurements y.
- Using the above mathematics the problem is solved (an image created) one of the vectors say once an hour. The rates of change are determined. Simultaneously the problem is solved for another of the vectors at similar time intervals and the rates of change are determined. Then a stage of cross-identification is carried out between the two images, so that wanted tissues as identified by each image minus unwanted tissues identified by each image are concentrated on to form a new image. Cross-identification may be an iterative process.
- In the example given above of the imaging of the heart using one blood marker and one muscular tissue marker, the areas identified by the blood marker are subtracted. The areas identified by the muscle marker are added, and those tissues not identified by either are likewise ignored as being signals from outside the target region.
- The non-homogenous target area is typically a region of living tissue, generally belonging to a patient. The distinguishable regions within can be different tissues, different organs, a mixture of blood and organ tissue as with the above example of the heart, or tissue regions exhibiting differential pathologies.
- It is expected that during the life of this patent many relevant markers, radiological imaging devices and two and three dimensional imaging systems will be developed and the scopes of the corresponding terms herein, are intended to include all such new technologies a priori.
- It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.
- Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention.
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/214,960 US20140200447A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2014-03-16 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US53583004P | 2004-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | |
US11/034,007 US7176466B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-13 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
US11/656,548 US8676292B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2007-01-23 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
US14/214,960 US20140200447A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2014-03-16 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/656,548 Continuation US8676292B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2007-01-23 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20140200447A1 true US20140200447A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
Family
ID=34794366
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/034,007 Active US7176466B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-13 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
US11/656,548 Active 2025-08-24 US8676292B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2007-01-23 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
US14/214,960 Abandoned US20140200447A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2014-03-16 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/034,007 Active US7176466B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-13 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
US11/656,548 Active 2025-08-24 US8676292B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2007-01-23 | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US7176466B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1709585B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1981210A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005067383A2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8894974B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2014-11-25 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy |
US9040016B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2015-05-26 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Diagnostic kit and methods for radioimaging myocardial perfusion |
US9275451B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2016-03-01 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Method, a system, and an apparatus for using and processing multidimensional data |
US9316743B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2016-04-19 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | System and method for radioactive emission measurement |
US9370333B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2016-06-21 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioactive-emission-measurement optimization to specific body structures |
US9470801B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2016-10-18 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Gating with anatomically varying durations |
WO2017193122A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | System and method for controlling noise in multi-energy computed tomography images based on spatio-spectral information |
US10136865B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2018-11-27 | Spectrum Dynamics Medical Limited | Radioimaging using low dose isotope |
US10964075B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2021-03-30 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Gating with anatomically varying durations |
Families Citing this family (121)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8489176B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2013-07-16 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system and utilization thereof with medical systems and in medical procedures |
US7826889B2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2010-11-02 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system and utilization thereof with medical systems and in medical procedures |
US8036731B2 (en) | 2001-01-22 | 2011-10-11 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Ingestible pill for diagnosing a gastrointestinal tract |
WO2004042546A1 (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-05-21 | V-Target Technologies Ltd. | Apparatus and methods for imaging and attenuation correction |
US8565860B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2013-10-22 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system |
US8909325B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2014-12-09 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system and utilization thereof with medical systems and in medical procedures |
IL157007A0 (en) | 2001-01-22 | 2004-02-08 | Target Technologies Ltd V | Ingestible device |
US20040204646A1 (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-10-14 | V-Target Technologies Ltd. | Intracorporeal-imaging head |
US9392961B2 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2016-07-19 | Check-Cap Ltd. | Intra-lumen polyp detection |
US7787926B2 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2010-08-31 | Check-Cap LLC | Intra-lumen polyp detection |
US7176466B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2007-02-13 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
US8586932B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2013-11-19 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | System and method for radioactive emission measurement |
WO2007010534A2 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Imaging protocols |
US8571881B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2013-10-29 | Spectrum Dynamics, Llc | Radiopharmaceutical dispensing, administration, and imaging |
WO2005118659A2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-15 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Methods of view selection for radioactive emission measurements |
EP1827505A4 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2017-07-12 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioimaging |
US8000773B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2011-08-16 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radioimaging |
US8615405B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2013-12-24 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Imaging system customization using data from radiopharmaceutical-associated data carrier |
WO2008059489A2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-22 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radioimaging applications of and novel formulations of teboroxime |
US20080260637A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2008-10-23 | Dalia Dickman | Methods of Detecting Prostate Cancer |
EP1844351A4 (en) | 2005-01-13 | 2017-07-05 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction and analysis for expert-system diagnosis |
US7550738B1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2009-06-23 | Utah State University | Nuclear material identification and localization |
US8837793B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2014-09-16 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Reconstruction stabilizer and active vision |
EP1908011B1 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2013-09-04 | Spectrum Dynamics LLC | Reconstruction stabilizer and active vision |
WO2007033090A2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York At Buffalo | Method for diagnosis of chronic allograft rejection |
EP1952180B1 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2017-01-04 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Dynamic spect camera |
WO2007074466A2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-05 | Starhome Gmbh | Late forwarding to local voicemail system of calls to roaming users |
US8092465B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2012-01-10 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method |
US7967868B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2011-06-28 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-modified implant and associated method |
US8535387B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-09-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific tools and implants |
US8608748B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2013-12-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient specific guides |
US9339278B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2016-05-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments |
US8241293B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2012-08-14 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific high tibia osteotomy |
US8603180B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-12-10 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular alignment guides |
US20150335438A1 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2015-11-26 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc. | Patient-specific augments |
US8858561B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2014-10-14 | Blomet Manufacturing, LLC | Patient-specific alignment guide |
US8377066B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-02-19 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-specific elbow guides and associated methods |
US8298237B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2012-10-30 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-specific alignment guide for multiple incisions |
US8591516B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-11-26 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific orthopedic instruments |
US9907659B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2018-03-06 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant |
US9345548B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2016-05-24 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific pre-operative planning |
US8608749B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-12-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments |
US9173661B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2015-11-03 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient specific alignment guide with cutting surface and laser indicator |
US9289253B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2016-03-22 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific shoulder guide |
US9918740B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2018-03-20 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Backup surgical instrument system and method |
US8282646B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2012-10-09 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method |
US8864769B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2014-10-21 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Alignment guides with patient-specific anchoring elements |
US8568487B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2013-10-29 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific hip joint devices |
US8133234B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2012-03-13 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific acetabular guide and method |
US9113971B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2015-08-25 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Femoral acetabular impingement guide |
US8070752B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2011-12-06 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific alignment guide and inter-operative adjustment |
US8407067B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2013-03-26 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant |
US8473305B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2013-06-25 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant |
US10278711B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2019-05-07 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific femoral guide |
US20110190899A1 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2011-08-04 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-specific augments |
RU2436161C2 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2011-12-10 | Конинклейке Филипс Электроникс, Н.В. | Recording images at deformation for image-based control beam therapy |
US8095394B2 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2012-01-10 | Progressive Casualty Insurance Company | Rich claim reporting system |
US9795399B2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2017-10-24 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method |
EP2089825A2 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2009-08-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Time management in a healthcare facility |
CN101883519B (en) | 2007-02-06 | 2013-03-06 | 保护层有限公司 | Intra-lumen polyp detection |
US8265949B2 (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2012-09-11 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Customized patient surgical plan |
US8357111B2 (en) | 2007-09-30 | 2013-01-22 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Method and system for designing patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments |
EP2957244B1 (en) | 2007-09-30 | 2020-04-15 | DePuy Products, Inc. | Method of generating a customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrumentation |
US8521253B2 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2013-08-27 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Prostate imaging |
US8693741B2 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2014-04-08 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for analyzing medical imaging data |
US8170641B2 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2012-05-01 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method of imaging an extremity of a patient |
WO2010109343A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Heart segmentation in cardiac rest and stress imaging |
US20100291706A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Millipore Corporation | Dye conjugates and methods of use |
US8338788B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2012-12-25 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Method and system of optimized volumetric imaging |
DE102009028503B4 (en) | 2009-08-13 | 2013-11-14 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Resection template for the resection of bones, method for producing such a resection template and operation set for performing knee joint surgery |
US20110110570A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-12 | Avi Bar-Shalev | Apparatus and methods for generating a planar image |
US8632547B2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2014-01-21 | Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc | Patient-specific osteotomy devices and methods |
US9066727B2 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2015-06-30 | Materialise Nv | Patient-specific computed tomography guides |
CN101852982B (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2012-05-23 | 万事利集团有限公司 | Manufacturing method of four-dimensional vivid photograph |
US9271744B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2016-03-01 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific guide for partial acetabular socket replacement |
US9208556B2 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2015-12-08 | Quantitative Insights, Inc. | Method, system, software and medium for advanced intelligent image analysis and display of medical images and information |
US9968376B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2018-05-15 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific orthopedic instruments |
US9241745B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2016-01-26 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific femoral version guide |
US8715289B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2014-05-06 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific numerically controlled instrument |
US9675400B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2017-06-13 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific fracture fixation instrumentation and method |
US8956364B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2015-02-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific partial knee guides and other instruments |
US8668700B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2014-03-11 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific convertible guides |
US8532807B2 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2013-09-10 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Pre-operative planning and manufacturing method for orthopedic procedure |
US9084618B2 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2015-07-21 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Drill guides for confirming alignment of patient-specific alignment guides |
US8764760B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2014-07-01 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific bone-cutting guidance instruments and methods |
US20130001121A1 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-03 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Backup kit for a patient-specific arthroplasty kit assembly |
US8597365B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2013-12-03 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific pelvic implants for acetabular reconstruction |
US9066734B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-06-30 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific sacroiliac guides and associated methods |
US9295497B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2016-03-29 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific sacroiliac and pedicle guides |
US9386993B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2016-07-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific femoroacetabular impingement instruments and methods |
US9301812B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2016-04-05 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Methods for patient-specific shoulder arthroplasty |
US9451973B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2016-09-27 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient specific glenoid guide |
KR20130046336A (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Multi-view device of display apparatus and contol method thereof, and display system |
EP2770918B1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2017-07-19 | Biomet Manufacturing, LLC | Patient-specific glenoid guides |
US9554910B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2017-01-31 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid guide and implants |
DE102011121708A1 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-20 | Surgiceye Gmbh | Image generation apparatus and method for nuclear imaging |
US9237950B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2016-01-19 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Implant with patient-specific porous structure |
US10987069B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2021-04-27 | Spectrum Dynamics Medical Limited | Nuclear medicine tomography systems, detectors and methods |
US9060788B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2015-06-23 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach |
US9204977B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2015-12-08 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach |
US9839438B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-12-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid guide with a reusable guide holder |
US9579107B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-02-28 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Multi-point fit for patient specific guide |
US9826981B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-11-28 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Tangential fit of patient-specific guides |
US9498233B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-11-22 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc. | Universal acetabular guide and associated hardware |
US9517145B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-12-13 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Guide alignment system and method |
US20150112349A1 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-23 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Ligament Guide Registration |
US10282488B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2019-05-07 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | HTO guide with optional guided ACL/PCL tunnels |
US9408616B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2016-08-09 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Humeral cut guide |
US9561040B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2017-02-07 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid depth control |
US9839436B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2017-12-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid depth control |
US9833245B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-12-05 | Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc | Tibial tubercule osteotomy |
US9826994B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-11-28 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Adjustable glenoid pin insertion guide |
US9820868B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2017-11-21 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Method and apparatus for a pin apparatus |
US10226262B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2019-03-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific humeral guide designs |
US10568647B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2020-02-25 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific humeral guide designs |
US10722310B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2020-07-28 | Zimmer Biomet CMF and Thoracic, LLC | Virtual surgery planning system and method |
CN108969821A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-12-11 | 聊城市光明医院 | A kind of bladder irrigator control system of anti-resorption |
US11051829B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2021-07-06 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrument |
CN110464326B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-05-10 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | Scanning parameter recommendation method, system, device and storage medium |
US11300695B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-04-12 | Ronald Nutt | Time-resolved positron emission tomography encoder system for producing event-by-event, real-time, high resolution, three-dimensional positron emission tomographic image without the necessity of performing image reconstruction |
US11054534B1 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2021-07-06 | Ronald Nutt | Time-resolved positron emission tomography encoder system for producing real-time, high resolution, three dimensional positron emission tomographic image without the necessity of performing image reconstruction |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4529882A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1985-07-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Compton scattering gamma radiation camera and method of creating radiological images |
US5630034A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1997-05-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Three-dimensional image producing method and apparatus |
US20020188197A1 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-12-12 | Harry Bishop | Cardiovascular imaging and functional analysis system |
US20020191734A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-12-19 | Shinichi Kojima | Radiological imaging apparatus and radiological imaging method |
US20040153128A1 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-05 | Mitta Suresh | Method and system for image processing and contour assessment |
US6776977B2 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2004-08-17 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company | Polypodal chelants for metallopharmaceuticals |
US6937750B2 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 2005-08-30 | Ge Medical Systems Israel Ltd. | Registration of nuclear medicine images |
Family Cites Families (610)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US630611A (en) | 1899-03-02 | 1899-08-08 | Charles H Knapp | Warping and beaming machine. |
US2776377A (en) * | 1954-04-22 | 1957-01-01 | Hal O Anger | In vivo radiation scanner |
DE1220966B (en) * | 1958-12-31 | 1966-07-14 | Hans Guenter Noeller Dr | Endoradiosonde |
DE1516429A1 (en) | 1966-02-18 | 1969-12-04 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Diagnostic device |
US3446965A (en) | 1966-08-10 | 1969-05-27 | Mallinckrodt Chemical Works | Generation and containerization of radioisotopes |
US3535085A (en) | 1967-08-07 | 1970-10-20 | Mallinckrodt Chemical Works | Closed system generation and containerization of radioisotopes |
US3719183A (en) * | 1970-03-05 | 1973-03-06 | H Schwartz | Method for detecting blockage or insufficiency of pancreatic exocrine function |
US3684887A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1972-08-15 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Apparatus for inspecting tubular goods having an automatic shutter |
US3690309A (en) | 1970-08-05 | 1972-09-12 | Viktor Mikhailovich Pluzhnikov | Radiocapsule for registering ionizing radiation in the cavities of human bodies |
US3739279A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1973-06-12 | Corning Glass Works | Radio capsule oscillator circuit |
US3971362A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1976-07-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Miniature ingestible telemeter devices to measure deep-body temperature |
US4000502A (en) | 1973-11-05 | 1976-12-28 | General Dynamics Corporation | Solid state radiation detector and process |
US3988585A (en) | 1974-06-11 | 1976-10-26 | Medical Data Systems Corporation | Three-dimensional rectilinear scanner |
US4015592A (en) | 1974-12-24 | 1977-04-05 | Bradley Moore Patrick Ralph | Nuclear medicine system for imaging radiation |
US3978337A (en) | 1975-01-29 | 1976-08-31 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Three-dimensional time-of-flight gamma camera system |
US4055765A (en) | 1976-04-27 | 1977-10-25 | The Ohio State University | Gamma camera system with composite solid state detector |
US4061919A (en) | 1976-07-06 | 1977-12-06 | The Ohio State University | Gamma camera system |
US4095107A (en) | 1976-04-15 | 1978-06-13 | Sebastian Genna | Transaxial radionuclide emission camera apparatus and method |
GB1564385A (en) * | 1977-03-24 | 1980-04-10 | Emi Ltd | Arrangements for detecting ionising radiation |
US4165462A (en) | 1977-05-05 | 1979-08-21 | Albert Macovski | Variable code gamma ray imaging system |
IL53286A (en) | 1977-11-02 | 1980-01-31 | Yeda Res & Dev | Apparatus and method for detection of tumors in tissue |
US4289969A (en) | 1978-07-10 | 1981-09-15 | Butler Greenwich Inc. | Radiation imaging apparatus |
JPS5519124A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1980-02-09 | Olympus Optical Co | Camera system for medical treatment |
GB2031142B (en) | 1978-09-23 | 1983-01-12 | Shaw R | Apparatus and methodfor examining a blood vessel of interest using radiation detected outside the body |
US4364377A (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1982-12-21 | Walker Scientific, Inc. | Magnetic field hemostasis |
US4296785A (en) | 1979-07-09 | 1981-10-27 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | System for generating and containerizing radioisotopes |
US4302675A (en) | 1980-01-21 | 1981-11-24 | Technicare Corporation | Method of multiplanar emission tomography and apparatus therefor |
US5993378A (en) | 1980-10-28 | 1999-11-30 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Electro-optical instruments and methods for treating disease |
US4383327A (en) | 1980-12-01 | 1983-05-10 | University Of Utah | Radiographic systems employing multi-linear arrays of electronic radiation detectors |
US4476381A (en) | 1982-02-24 | 1984-10-09 | Rubin Martin I | Patient treatment method |
US5493595A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1996-02-20 | Schoolman Scientific Corp. | Stereoscopically displayed three dimensional medical imaging |
US4503331A (en) | 1982-04-21 | 1985-03-05 | Technicare Corporation | Non-circular emission computed tomography |
US4521688A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1985-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Three-dimensional and tomographic imaging device for x-ray and gamma-ray emitting objects |
USH12H (en) * | 1983-03-11 | 1986-01-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Nuclear medicine imaging system |
US4595014A (en) | 1983-10-18 | 1986-06-17 | University Patents, Inc. | Imaging probe and method |
US4689041A (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1987-08-25 | Eliot Corday | Retrograde delivery of pharmacologic and diagnostic agents via venous circulation |
US5033998A (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1991-07-23 | Eliot Corday | Retrograde delivery of pharmacologic and diagnostic agents via venous circulation |
US4854324A (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1989-08-08 | Medrad, Inc. | Processor-controlled angiographic injector device |
US4782840A (en) | 1984-03-02 | 1988-11-08 | Neoprobe Corporation | Method for locating, differentiating, and removing neoplasms |
US4580054A (en) | 1984-03-26 | 1986-04-01 | Elscint, Inc. | Method and apparatus for locating a point in a three-dimensional body using images of the body from a plurality of angular positions |
US4710624A (en) | 1984-05-10 | 1987-12-01 | Digirad Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring light transmittance or reflectance |
US4679142A (en) | 1984-07-02 | 1987-07-07 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Radioactive material billing system and method |
US4828841A (en) * | 1984-07-24 | 1989-05-09 | Colorcon, Inc. | Maltodextrin coating |
US4709382A (en) | 1984-11-21 | 1987-11-24 | Picker International, Inc. | Imaging with focused curved radiation detectors |
IL74007A (en) * | 1985-01-06 | 1988-11-30 | Yissum Res Dev Co | Method and apparatus for the localization of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract |
DE3505527A1 (en) | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-21 | Herfurth Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | DEVICE FOR CONTAMINATION MONITORING AGAINST RADIATION EMISSIONS OF PERSONS |
US4674107A (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-06-16 | Picker International, Inc. | Display for radiation imaging |
US5042056A (en) | 1985-11-15 | 1991-08-20 | Medrad, Inc. | Film changer |
US4893322A (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1990-01-09 | Medrad, Inc. | Film changer |
US4924486A (en) | 1985-11-23 | 1990-05-08 | Medrad, Inc. | Film-receiving cassette having spiral guide plate |
US4689621A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1987-08-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Temperature responsive transmitter |
US4928250A (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1990-05-22 | Hewlett-Packard Company | System for deriving radiation images |
US4854330A (en) | 1986-07-10 | 1989-08-08 | Medrad, Inc. | Formed core catheter guide wire assembly |
US4791934A (en) | 1986-08-07 | 1988-12-20 | Picker International, Inc. | Computer tomography assisted stereotactic surgery system and method |
US4853546A (en) | 1986-09-16 | 1989-08-01 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Automatic radioisotope filling apparatus |
US4820924A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1989-04-11 | Siemens Gammasonics, Inc. | Scintillation camera and three dimensional multifocal collimator used therewith |
US4970391A (en) | 1987-01-27 | 1990-11-13 | Medrad, Inc. | Radiation detector with an ionizable gas atop an integrated circuit |
JPS6485660A (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1989-03-30 | Nippon Medical Supply | Suture coated with sugar fatty acid ester |
US4834112A (en) | 1987-02-26 | 1989-05-30 | Medrad, Inc. | Device for producing incremental joint movement in a patient |
US4938230A (en) | 1987-02-26 | 1990-07-03 | Medrad, Inc. | Device for selectively producing incremental joint movement in a patient in opposite directions |
US5151598A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1992-09-29 | Neoprobe Corporation | Detector and localizer for low energy radiation emissions |
US4893013A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1990-01-09 | Neoprobe Corporation | Detector and localizer for low energy radiation emissions |
US4801803A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1989-01-31 | Neoprobe Corporation | Detector and localizer for low energy radiation emissions |
US5070878A (en) | 1988-11-14 | 1991-12-10 | Neoprobe Corporation | Detector and localizer for low energy radiation emissions |
US5170789A (en) | 1987-06-17 | 1992-12-15 | Perinchery Narayan | Insertable NMR coil probe |
US5088492A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1992-02-18 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Radioactive ray detecting endoscope |
US4867962A (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-19 | Neorx Corporation | Functionally specific antibodies |
US4951653A (en) | 1988-03-02 | 1990-08-28 | Laboratory Equipment, Corp. | Ultrasound brain lesioning system |
US4929832A (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1990-05-29 | Ledley Robert S | Methods and apparatus for determining distributions of radioactive materials |
US5070877A (en) | 1988-08-11 | 1991-12-10 | Medco Research, Inc. | Novel method of myocardial imaging |
US4844076A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1989-07-04 | The Johns Hopkins University | Ingestible size continuously transmitting temperature monitoring pill |
JPH0616760B2 (en) | 1988-09-09 | 1994-03-09 | ザ・トラステイズ・オブ・ザ・ユーニバァスィティ・オブ・ペンシルバニア | Coil assembly for use in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging |
JP2656955B2 (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1997-09-24 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Radiation detection and treatment device |
US4919146A (en) | 1988-10-25 | 1990-04-24 | Medrad, Inc. | Biopsy device |
US5263077A (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1993-11-16 | Medrad, Inc. | Film changer having film-receiving, nondriven cassette with spiral-shaped guide plate |
US5039863A (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1991-08-13 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Automatic radioisotope filling apparatus |
US5018182A (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1991-05-21 | Medrad, Inc. | Film changer having film-receiving, nondriven cassette with spiral-shaped guide plate |
US4995396A (en) * | 1988-12-08 | 1991-02-26 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Radioactive ray detecting endoscope |
US5153827A (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1992-10-06 | Omni-Flow, Inc. | An infusion management and pumping system having an alarm handling system |
SE8900612D0 (en) | 1989-02-22 | 1989-02-22 | Jonas Johansson | TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION USING A BLOOD-FREE FLUORESCENCE CRITERIA |
US5348010A (en) | 1989-02-24 | 1994-09-20 | Medrea, Inc., Pennsylvania Corp., Pa. | Intracavity probe and interface device for MRI imaging and spectroscopy |
ATE129395T1 (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1995-11-15 | Medrad Inc | PROBE FOR BODY CAVIES AND INTERFACE DEVICE FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY. |
US5284147A (en) * | 1989-05-22 | 1994-02-08 | Hitachi Medical Corporation | Ultrasonic probe to be installed on fingertip |
US4959547A (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1990-09-25 | Care Wise Medical Products Corporation | Apparatus and methods for detecting, localizing, and imaging of radiation in biological systems |
US5032729A (en) * | 1989-10-18 | 1991-07-16 | Georges Charpak | Process and device for determining the spatial distribution of electrons emerging from the surface of a radioactive body |
US5377681A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1995-01-03 | University Of Florida | Method of diagnosing impaired blood flow |
US5145163A (en) | 1989-11-24 | 1992-09-08 | Medrad, Inc. | Film sheet load magazine |
US5922304A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1999-07-13 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Gaseous precursor filled microspheres as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents |
CA2034042C (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1999-08-17 | Adrian D. Nunn | Boronic acid adducts of rhenium dioxime and technetium-99m dioxime complexes containing a biochemically active group |
US5119818A (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1992-06-09 | Care Wise Medical Products Corporation | Radiation detecting biopsy probe |
US5170055A (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1992-12-08 | Care Wise Medical Products Corporation | Radiation detecting biopsy probe |
US6405072B1 (en) | 1991-01-28 | 2002-06-11 | Sherwood Services Ag | Apparatus and method for determining a location of an anatomical target with reference to a medical apparatus |
US5484384A (en) * | 1991-01-29 | 1996-01-16 | Med Institute, Inc. | Minimally invasive medical device for providing a radiation treatment |
US5132542A (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1992-07-21 | Bernd Bassalleck | Digital gamma ray imaging device |
FR2673728B1 (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-01-31 | Assist Publique | HIGH SENSITIVITY GAMMA CAMERA SYSTEM |
US5243988A (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1993-09-14 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Intravascular imaging apparatus and methods for use and manufacture |
US5249124A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1993-09-28 | Siemens Gammasonics, Inc. | Multi-isotope imaging using energy-weighted acquisition for, e.g., myocardial perfusion studies |
ES2106186T3 (en) | 1991-05-01 | 1997-11-01 | Mallinckrodt Medical Inc | PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF LIQUID MATERIALS AND A DEVICE FOR THE AUTOMATIC ELUTION OF A RADIONUCLIDE GENERATOR. |
US6184530B1 (en) | 1991-05-23 | 2001-02-06 | Adac Laboratories | Adjustable dual-detector image data acquisition system |
US5279607A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1994-01-18 | The State University Of New York | Telemetry capsule and process |
US5395366A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1995-03-07 | The State University Of New York | Sampling capsule and process |
US5481115A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1996-01-02 | University Of Utah, The | Electronic calibration of single photon emission computed tomography cameras |
US5210421A (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1993-05-11 | Picker International, Inc. | Simultaneous transmission and emission converging tomography |
US5170439A (en) | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-08 | Picker International, Inc. | Cone beam reconstruction using combined circle and line orbits |
US5404293A (en) | 1991-06-11 | 1995-04-04 | The University Of Utah | Cone beam reconstruction using helical data collection paths |
US5417210A (en) | 1992-05-27 | 1995-05-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for augmentation of endoscopic surgery |
US5799111A (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1998-08-25 | D.V.P. Technologies, Ltd. | Apparatus and methods for smoothing images |
US5246005A (en) * | 1991-07-02 | 1993-09-21 | Care Wise Medical Products Corporation | Apparatus and method for producing statistically valid discriminable signals |
US5196796A (en) | 1991-08-06 | 1993-03-23 | Medrad, Inc. | Anatomically conformal quadrature mri surface coil |
US5258717A (en) | 1991-08-09 | 1993-11-02 | Medrad, Inc. | Geometrically isolated multiple port volume MRI receiving coil comprising multiple quadrature coils |
US5301671A (en) | 1991-09-17 | 1994-04-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Two- and three-dimensional autoradiographic imaging utilizing charge coupled devices |
US5307814A (en) | 1991-09-17 | 1994-05-03 | Medrad, Inc. | Externally moveable intracavity probe for MRI imaging and spectroscopy |
US5381791A (en) * | 1992-03-10 | 1995-01-17 | Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. | Automatic indentification of anatomical features of interest from data acquired in nuclear medicine studies and automatic positioning of scintillation cameras to carry out such studies at optimal positions |
US5367552A (en) | 1991-10-03 | 1994-11-22 | In Vision Technologies, Inc. | Automatic concealed object detection system having a pre-scan stage |
NL9201724A (en) | 1991-10-07 | 1993-05-03 | Medrad Inc En The Trustees Of | PROBE FOR MRI IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY, ESPECIALLY IN THE CERVICAL AREA. |
US5361291A (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1994-11-01 | General Electric Company | Deconvolution filter for CT system |
US5349190A (en) | 1991-12-02 | 1994-09-20 | Adac Laboratories | Adjustable triple-detector image data acquisition system |
US5329976A (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1994-07-19 | Habley Medical Technology Corporation | Syringe-filling and medication mixing dispenser |
US5304165A (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1994-04-19 | Habley Medical Technology Corporation | Syringe-filling medication dispenser |
US6229145B1 (en) | 1992-01-22 | 2001-05-08 | Pem Technologies, Inc. | Dedicated apparatus and method emission mammography |
US5323006A (en) | 1992-01-22 | 1994-06-21 | Frederick M. Mako | Dedicated apparatus and method for emission mammography |
US5519221A (en) | 1992-01-22 | 1996-05-21 | Ansel M. Schwartz | Dedicated apparatus and method for emission mammography |
US5252830A (en) | 1992-01-22 | 1993-10-12 | Irving Weinberg | Dedicated apparatus and method for emission mammography |
GB9205458D0 (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1992-04-22 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Radiation probe |
US5307808A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1994-05-03 | General Electric Company | Tracking system and pulse sequences to monitor the position of a device using magnetic resonance |
US5299253A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-03-29 | Akzo N.V. | Alignment system to overlay abdominal computer aided tomography and magnetic resonance anatomy with single photon emission tomography |
ATE194916T1 (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 2000-08-15 | Immunomedics Inc | INTRAOPERATIVE, INTRAVASCULAR AND ENDOSCOPIC DETERMINATION AND TREATMENT OF INJURIES AND TUMORS |
US5334141A (en) | 1992-06-26 | 1994-08-02 | Medrad, Inc. | Extravasation detection system and apparatus |
US5437279A (en) | 1992-07-02 | 1995-08-01 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method of predicting carcinomic metastases |
US5386446A (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1995-01-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Positional adjustment of resolution in radiation CT scanner |
FR2693803B1 (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1994-09-30 | Popescu Gheorghe | Apparatus for detecting and locating radioactive biological markers. |
US6402718B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2002-06-11 | Medrad, Inc. | Front-loading medical injector and syringe for use therewith |
US5383858B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 1996-10-29 | Medrad Inc | Front-loading medical injector and syringe for use therewith |
GB9217616D0 (en) | 1992-08-19 | 1992-09-30 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Dispensing apparatus |
US5479969A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1996-01-02 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Apparatus for dispensing substances which are biologically hazardous |
DE69329774T2 (en) | 1992-10-15 | 2001-06-21 | Gen Hospital Corp | INFUSION PUMP WITH ELECTRONICALLY LOADABLE MEDICINE LIBRARY |
US5365928A (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1994-11-22 | Medrad, Inc. | Endorectal probe with planar moveable MRI coil |
US5254101A (en) | 1992-11-27 | 1993-10-19 | Medrad, Inc. | Fluid presence indicator for rotatable syringe |
US5441050A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1995-08-15 | Neoprobe Corporation | Radiation responsive surgical instrument |
US5429133A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1995-07-04 | Neoprobe Corporation | Radiation responsive laparoscopic instrument |
US5475232A (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1995-12-12 | Syncor International Corp. | Method for elution of a radioisotope according to an elution run schedule |
US5493805A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1996-02-27 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Memory chip holder and method of using same |
US6203775B1 (en) | 1993-03-19 | 2001-03-20 | The General Hospital Corporation | Chelating polymers for labeling of proteins |
US5591143A (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1997-01-07 | Medrad Inc. | Luer connector with torque indicator |
US5431161A (en) | 1993-04-15 | 1995-07-11 | Adac Laboratories | Method and apparatus for information acquistion, processing, and display within a medical camera system |
US5882338A (en) | 1993-05-04 | 1999-03-16 | Zeneca Limited | Syringes and syringe pumps |
GB9309151D0 (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1993-06-16 | Zeneca Ltd | Syringes and syringe pumps |
US5472403A (en) | 1993-05-11 | 1995-12-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Device for automatic injection of radionuclide |
US5657759A (en) | 1993-05-13 | 1997-08-19 | Synectics Medical, Incorporated | Measurement of gastric emptying and gastrointestinal output |
IL105881A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1995-10-31 | Israel State | Light weight gamma-camera head and gamma-camera assemblies containing it |
US5587585A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1996-12-24 | Eisen; Yosef | Light weight gamma-camera head and gamma-camera assemblies containing it |
US5939724A (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1999-08-17 | State Of Israel, The, Atomic Energy Commission, Soreo Nuclear Research Center | Light weight-camera head and-camera assemblies containing it |
DE69434119T3 (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 2011-05-05 | Imcor Pharmaceutical Co., San Diego | STABILIZED MICROGAS BLOWER COMPOSITIONS FOR ECHOGRAPHY |
US5827219A (en) | 1993-10-28 | 1998-10-27 | Medrad, Inc. | Injection system and pumping system for use therein |
US5569181A (en) | 1993-10-28 | 1996-10-29 | Medrad, Inc. | Sterility assurance for contrast delivery system |
DE1258262T1 (en) | 1993-10-28 | 2003-04-10 | Medrad Inc | Contrast delivery system |
DE69432582T2 (en) | 1993-10-28 | 2003-11-27 | Medrad Inc | System for the administration of liquids in several patients |
US5521506A (en) | 1993-11-19 | 1996-05-28 | Medrad, Inc. | Orthogonal adjustment of magnetic resonance surface coils |
US5517120A (en) | 1993-11-24 | 1996-05-14 | Medrad, Inc. | Quadrature coil for neurovascular imaging and spectroscopy of the human anatomy |
US5494036A (en) | 1993-11-26 | 1996-02-27 | Medrad, Inc. | Patient infusion system for use with MRI |
CA2177476A1 (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1995-06-08 | Maryellen L. Giger | Automated method and system for the alignment and correlation of images from two different modalities |
US5415181A (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1995-05-16 | The Johns Hopkins University | AM/FM multi-channel implantable/ingestible biomedical monitoring telemetry system |
US5436458A (en) | 1993-12-06 | 1995-07-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Solid state radiation detection panel having tiled photosensitive detectors arranged to minimize edge effects between tiles |
IL108352A (en) * | 1994-01-17 | 2000-02-29 | Given Imaging Ltd | In vivo video camera system |
US5391877A (en) * | 1994-01-26 | 1995-02-21 | Marks; Michael A. | Combined imaging scanner |
US5519222A (en) | 1994-02-07 | 1996-05-21 | Picker International, Inc. | 90 degree parallel path collimators for three head spect cameras |
US5610520A (en) | 1994-02-24 | 1997-03-11 | Medrad Inc. | Automatic orthogonality adjustment device for a quadrature surface coil for magnetic resonance imaging or spectroscopy |
US6212423B1 (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 2001-04-03 | Mark Krakovitz | Diagnostic hybrid probes |
JP3494692B2 (en) | 1994-03-07 | 2004-02-09 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Radiation image alignment method |
US5501674A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1996-03-26 | Medrad, Inc. | Intravenous catheter with needle cover and blood collection tube |
US5519931A (en) | 1994-03-16 | 1996-05-28 | Syncor International Corporation | Container and method for transporting a syringe containing radioactive material |
US5489782A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1996-02-06 | Imaging Laboratory, Inc. | Method and apparatus for quantum-limited data acquisition |
US5600144A (en) | 1994-05-10 | 1997-02-04 | Trustees Of Boston University | Three dimensional imaging detector employing wavelength-shifting optical fibers |
DE69526613T2 (en) | 1994-07-12 | 2002-08-29 | Medrad Inc | Information path control loop for a system that delivers medical fluids |
US5569924A (en) | 1994-08-18 | 1996-10-29 | Picker International, Inc. | Transformable dual head spect camera system |
NO300407B1 (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1997-05-26 | Vingmed Sound As | Apparatus for endoscope or gastroscope examination of patients |
US6397098B1 (en) | 1994-09-21 | 2002-05-28 | Medrad, Inc. | Data communication and control for medical imaging systems |
US5840026A (en) | 1994-09-21 | 1998-11-24 | Medrad, Inc. | Patient specific dosing contrast delivery systems and methods |
US5810742A (en) | 1994-10-24 | 1998-09-22 | Transcan Research & Development Co., Ltd. | Tissue characterization based on impedance images and on impedance measurements |
US5475219A (en) | 1994-10-26 | 1995-12-12 | Neoprobe Corporation | Validation of photon emission based signals using an energy window network in conjunction with a fundamental mode discriminator circuit |
US5742060A (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1998-04-21 | Digirad Corporation | Medical system for obtaining multiple images of a body from different perspectives |
US6055450A (en) | 1994-12-23 | 2000-04-25 | Digirad Corporation | Bifurcated gamma camera system |
DE69534284T2 (en) | 1994-12-23 | 2006-03-23 | Digirad Corp., San Diego | SEMICONDUCTOR GAMMA RADIATION CAMERA AND MEDICAL IMAGING SYSTEM |
US6194726B1 (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 2001-02-27 | Digirad Corporation | Semiconductor radiation detector with downconversion element |
US5559335A (en) | 1994-12-28 | 1996-09-24 | The University Of Utah | Rotating and warping projector/backprojector for converging-beam geometries |
US5600145A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1997-02-04 | Picker International, Inc. | Emission/transmission device for use with a dual head nuclear medicine gamma camera with the transmission source located behind the emission collimator |
US5629524A (en) | 1995-02-21 | 1997-05-13 | Advanced Scientific Concepts, Inc. | High speed crystallography detector |
US6258576B1 (en) | 1996-06-19 | 2001-07-10 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Diagnostic method and apparatus for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in vitro and in vivo using fluorescence spectroscopy |
US5694933A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-12-09 | Care Wise Medical Products Corporation | Apparatus and methods for determining spatial coordinates of radiolabelled tissue using gamma-rays and associated characteristic X-rays |
US5781442A (en) | 1995-05-15 | 1998-07-14 | Alaris Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for collecting data and managing patient care |
US6671563B1 (en) | 1995-05-15 | 2003-12-30 | Alaris Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for collecting data and managing patient care |
US5871013A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1999-02-16 | Elscint Ltd. | Registration of nuclear medicine images |
US5729129A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-03-17 | Biosense, Inc. | Magnetic location system with feedback adjustment of magnetic field generator |
US6107102A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-08-22 | Regents Of The University Of California | Therapeutic microdevices and methods of making and using same |
US5585637A (en) | 1995-06-09 | 1996-12-17 | Adac Laboratories | Multi-head nuclear medicine camera for dual SPECT and PET imaging |
FR2735874B1 (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 1997-08-22 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | NON-INVASIVE RADIO-IMAGING ANALYSIS DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR IN VITO EXAMINATION OF SMALL ANIMALS, AND IMPLEMENTATION METHOD |
US5565684A (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-10-15 | The University Of Utah | Three-dimensional SPECT reconstruction of combined cone-beam and fan-beam data |
IT1278142B1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-11-17 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | SURGICAL PROBE FOR LOCATION OF TUMORS FOR LAPAROSCOPIC OR INTRACAVITARY USE. |
US5842977A (en) | 1995-07-24 | 1998-12-01 | The Johns Hopkins University | Multi-channel pill with integrated optical interface |
US5813985A (en) | 1995-07-31 | 1998-09-29 | Care Wise Medical Products Corporation | Apparatus and methods for providing attenuation guidance and tumor targeting for external beam radiation therapy administration |
US5900533A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1999-05-04 | Trw Inc. | System and method for isotope ratio analysis and gas detection by photoacoustics |
US5805454A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1998-09-08 | Valerino, Sr.; Fred M. | Parenteral products automation system (PPAS) |
US5572132A (en) | 1995-08-15 | 1996-11-05 | Pulyer; Yuly M. | MRI probe for external imaging |
US6189195B1 (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 2001-02-20 | Medrad, Inc. | Manufacture of prefilled syringes |
US5687542A (en) | 1995-08-22 | 1997-11-18 | Medrad, Inc. | Isolation module for molding and packaging articles substantially free from contaminants |
US5779675A (en) | 1995-08-25 | 1998-07-14 | Medrad, Inc. | Front load pressure jacket system with syringe holder |
US5520653A (en) | 1995-09-01 | 1996-05-28 | Medrad, Inc. | Syringe adapter for front-loading medical injector |
DE19532676C1 (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-05-07 | Inst Physikalische Hochtech Ev | Arrangement for determining the position of a marker in a cavity within the organism of a living being |
FR2738474B1 (en) | 1995-09-08 | 1998-01-23 | Sopha Medical | GAMMA CAMERA WITH A PERFECTED PATIENT CARRIER BED |
JP3604467B2 (en) | 1995-09-27 | 2004-12-22 | 株式会社東芝 | Myocardial twist correction method |
US5677539A (en) | 1995-10-13 | 1997-10-14 | Digirad | Semiconductor radiation detector with enhanced charge collection |
US6046454A (en) | 1995-10-13 | 2000-04-04 | Digirad Corporation | Semiconductor radiation detector with enhanced charge collection |
US5857463A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1999-01-12 | Neoprobe Corporation | Remotely controlled apparatus and system for tracking and locating a source of photoemissions |
US5732704A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1998-03-31 | Neoprobe Corporation | Radiation based method locating and differentiating sentinel nodes |
US6037595A (en) | 1995-10-13 | 2000-03-14 | Digirad Corporation | Radiation detector with shielding electrode |
US5967983A (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1999-10-19 | Digirad Corporation | Apparatus for securing a medical imaging device to a body |
US5692640A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 1997-12-02 | Caulfield; Patricia E. | Syringe content identification system |
US5893397A (en) | 1996-01-12 | 1999-04-13 | Bioject Inc. | Medication vial/syringe liquid-transfer apparatus |
US5724401A (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1998-03-03 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Large angle solid state position sensitive x-ray detector system |
US6236050B1 (en) | 1996-02-02 | 2001-05-22 | TüMER TüMAY O. | Method and apparatus for radiation detection |
US5821541A (en) | 1996-02-02 | 1998-10-13 | Tuemer; Tuemay O. | Method and apparatus for radiation detection |
US6448560B1 (en) | 1996-02-02 | 2002-09-10 | Tumay O. Tumer | Method and apparatus for gamma ray detection |
US5811814A (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1998-09-22 | Cordis Corporation | Radiation measuring catheter apparatus and method |
US5833603A (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1998-11-10 | Lipomatrix, Inc. | Implantable biosensing transponder |
US5672877A (en) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-09-30 | Adac Laboratories | Coregistration of multi-modality data in a medical imaging system |
EP0956085A4 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 2002-11-06 | Medrad Inc | Front-loading syringe adapter for front-loading medical injector |
UA48221C2 (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 2002-08-15 | Валєрій Івановіч Кобозєв | Electrical gastro-intestinal tract stimulator |
US8349602B1 (en) | 1996-04-19 | 2013-01-08 | Xenogen Corporation | Biodetectors targeted to specific ligands |
US6263229B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2001-07-17 | Johns Hopkins University School Of Medicine | Miniature magnetic resonance catheter coils and related methods |
US5961457A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1999-10-05 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method and apparatus for radiopharmaceutical-guided biopsy |
US5932879A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1999-08-03 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Solid state beta-sensitive surgical probe |
US6076009A (en) | 1997-05-05 | 2000-06-13 | The University Of Michigan | Solid state beta-sensitive surgical probe |
US5744805A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1998-04-28 | University Of Michigan | Solid state beta-sensitive surgical probe |
US5690691A (en) | 1996-05-08 | 1997-11-25 | The Center For Innovative Technology | Gastro-intestinal pacemaker having phased multi-point stimulation |
US6162198A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 2000-12-19 | Syncor International Corporation | Injection shield and method for discharging a syringe containing radioactive material |
US5682888A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1997-11-04 | Neoprobe Corporation | Apparatus and system for detecting and locating photon emissions with remote switch control |
US5954668A (en) | 1996-06-14 | 1999-09-21 | Medrad, Inc. | Extravasation detector using microwave radiometry |
US7819807B2 (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 2010-10-26 | Sonosite, Inc. | Balance body ultrasound system |
CA2265537A1 (en) | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-12 | Adrian Neil Bargh | Customer specific packaging line |
US5727554A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-03-17 | University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Apparatus responsive to movement of a patient during treatment/diagnosis |
US5825031A (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1998-10-20 | Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System | Tomographic pet camera with adjustable diameter detector ring |
FR2754606B1 (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 1998-10-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING AND ENCODING SIGNALS FROM PHOTODETECTORS |
US6459925B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2002-10-01 | Fischer Imaging Corporation | User interface system for mammographic imager |
US6042565A (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2000-03-28 | Medrad, Inc. | Syringe, injector and injector system |
US5910112A (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1999-06-08 | Northwestern University | 23 NA and 39 K imaging of the heart |
US5944694A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1999-08-31 | Medrad, Inc. | Prefillable syringes and injectors for use therewith |
US5947935A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1999-09-07 | Medrad, Inc. | Syringes, syringe plungers and injector systems |
US5873861A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1999-02-23 | Medrad, Inc. | Plunger systems |
EP0951306B1 (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 2005-07-20 | Medrad Inc. | Prefillable syringes and injectors for use therewith |
JP2001518177A (en) | 1996-11-24 | 2001-10-09 | ジーイー メディカル システムズ イスラエル リミテッド | Solid gamma camera |
US6388258B1 (en) | 1996-11-24 | 2002-05-14 | Ge. Medical Systems Israel Ltd. | Solid state gamma camera |
US5838009A (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1998-11-17 | Picker International, Inc. | Variable angle multiple detector nuclear medicine gantry |
US6346886B1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2002-02-12 | Carlos De La Huerga | Electronic identification apparatus |
JPH10186034A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Radiation detector using scintillation fiber |
US5841140A (en) | 1997-01-08 | 1998-11-24 | Smv America, Inc. | Gamma camera for pet and spect studies |
US5891030A (en) | 1997-01-24 | 1999-04-06 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | System for two dimensional and three dimensional imaging of tubular structures in the human body |
US5757006A (en) | 1997-01-30 | 1998-05-26 | Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. | Articulating detector array for a gamma camera |
US5884457A (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1999-03-23 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Method and apparatus for automatically producing a plurality of sterile liquid filled delivery devices |
US5916197A (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1999-06-29 | Medrad, Inc. | Injection system, pump system for use therein and method of use of pumping system |
US6261562B1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 2001-07-17 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds for immunotherapy of prostate cancer and methods for their use |
US6180648B1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 2001-01-30 | Biostream Therapeutics, Inc. | Analogs of cocaine |
US5818050A (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-10-06 | Brookhaven Science Associates Llc | Collimator-free photon tomography |
IT1291888B1 (en) | 1997-04-23 | 1999-01-21 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | MINIATURIZED RANGE WITH HIGH SPACE RESOLUTION |
US5911252A (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1999-06-15 | Cassel; Douglas | Automated syringe filling system for radiographic contrast agents and other injectable substances |
IT1290602B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 | 1998-12-10 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | RANGE FLAT SCINTILLATION CAMERA, WITH VERY HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION, MODULAR STRUCTURE |
US5808203A (en) | 1997-05-12 | 1998-09-15 | Medrad, Inc. | Fluid pressure measurement devices |
US6137109A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2000-10-24 | Picker International, Inc. | Autonomous tangential motion control in a multi-detector gamma camera |
US5927351A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1999-07-27 | Syncor International Corp. | Drawing station system for radioactive material |
US5828073A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-10-27 | Syncor International Corporation | Dual purpose shielded container for a syringe containing radioactive material |
US6147353A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2000-11-14 | Picker International, Inc. | Image shift for gamma camera |
US5944190A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1999-08-31 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | Radiopharmaceutical capsule safe |
US6426917B1 (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 2002-07-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Reservoir monitoring through modified casing joint |
US6002480A (en) | 1997-06-02 | 1999-12-14 | Izatt; Joseph A. | Depth-resolved spectroscopic optical coherence tomography |
US5841141A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-11-24 | The University Of Utah | Image reconstruction from V-projections acquired by Compton camera |
US5903008A (en) | 1997-07-02 | 1999-05-11 | General Electric Company | Scatter correction methods and systems in single photon emission computed tomography |
US5846513B1 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2000-11-28 | Carewise Medical Products Corp | Tumor localization and removal system using penetratable detection probe and removal instrument |
SE9702678D0 (en) | 1997-07-11 | 1997-07-11 | Siemens Elema Ab | Device for mapping electrical activity in the heart |
US6324418B1 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2001-11-27 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Portable tissue spectroscopy apparatus and method |
DE69826874T2 (en) | 1997-08-19 | 2006-02-09 | Dulmen, Adrianus A. van, Dr. | PICTURE GENERATION SYSTEM FOR SPECT |
US6135968A (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2000-10-24 | Scantek Medical, Inc. | Differential temperature measuring device and method |
BR9811636A (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2000-08-08 | Precision Dynamics Corp | Radio frequency identification label on flexible substrate |
US5928150A (en) * | 1997-10-04 | 1999-07-27 | Neoprobe Corporation | System for locating and detecting a source of photon emissions |
US5987350A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-11-16 | Neoprobe Corporation | Surgical probe apparatus and system |
US5916167A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-06-29 | Neoprobe Corporation | Surgical probe apparatus and system |
US6240312B1 (en) * | 1997-10-23 | 2001-05-29 | Robert R. Alfano | Remote-controllable, micro-scale device for use in in vivo medical diagnosis and/or treatment |
JP3636579B2 (en) | 1997-11-04 | 2005-04-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion device, method for driving photoelectric conversion device, and system having the photoelectric conversion device |
US6381349B1 (en) | 1997-11-12 | 2002-04-30 | The University Of Utah | Projector/backprojector with slice-to-slice blurring for efficient 3D scatter modeling |
US6129670A (en) | 1997-11-24 | 2000-10-10 | Burdette Medical Systems | Real time brachytherapy spatial registration and visualization system |
US6040697A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 2000-03-21 | Medrad, Inc. | Magnetic resonance imaging receiver/transmitter coils |
US20010045832A1 (en) | 1997-11-26 | 2001-11-29 | Kenneth W. Belt | Peripheral vascular array |
US6104955A (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2000-08-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract |
US6431175B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2002-08-13 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | System and method for directing and monitoring radiation |
US6697660B1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2004-02-24 | Ctf Systems, Inc. | Method for functional brain imaging from magnetoencephalographic data by estimation of source signal-to-noise ratio |
US6096011A (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2000-08-01 | Medrad, Inc. | Aseptic connector and fluid delivery system using such an aseptic connector |
US6026317A (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2000-02-15 | Baylor College Of Medicine | Myocardial perfusion imaging during coronary vasodilation with selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists |
US6147352A (en) | 1998-02-23 | 2000-11-14 | Digirad Corporation | Low profile open ring single photon emission computed tomographic imager |
US6205347B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2001-03-20 | Picker International, Inc. | Separate and combined multi-modality diagnostic imaging system |
US6224577B1 (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2001-05-01 | Medrad, Inc. | Syringes and plungers for use therein |
US5984860A (en) | 1998-03-25 | 1999-11-16 | Shan; Yansong | Pass-through duodenal enteroscopic device |
DE19814199A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 | 1999-10-07 | Las Laser Analytical Systems G | Method and device for tunable frequency conversion |
DE19815362A1 (en) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-14 | Las Laser Analytical Systems G | Parasitic charge carrier grating modification in optically nonlinear materials especially during frequency doubling of laser radiation |
US6161034A (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-12-12 | Senorx, Inc. | Methods and chemical preparations for time-limited marking of biopsy sites |
US6223065B1 (en) | 1998-04-15 | 2001-04-24 | Medrad, Inc. | Automatic coil element selection in large MRI coil arrays |
US6236878B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-05-22 | Charles A. Taylor | Method for predictive modeling for planning medical interventions and simulating physiological conditions |
IL140028A0 (en) | 1998-06-04 | 2002-02-10 | Coulter Pharm Inc | Patient specific dosimetry |
US6743202B2 (en) | 1998-06-15 | 2004-06-01 | Medrad, Inc. | Encoding of syringe information |
WO2000004480A1 (en) | 1998-07-20 | 2000-01-27 | Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | A method of individually tracking and identifying a drug delivery device |
US6488661B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2002-12-03 | Medrad, Inc. | Pressure control systems for medical injectors and syringes used therewith |
US6194725B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-02-27 | General Electric Company | Spect system with reduced radius detectors |
US6271524B1 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2001-08-07 | Elgems, Ltd. | Gamma ray collimator |
US6242743B1 (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 2001-06-05 | Mosaic Imaging Technology, Inc. | Non-orbiting tomographic imaging system |
US6271525B1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2001-08-07 | Southeastern University Research Assn. | Mini gamma camera, camera system and method of use |
EP1116047B1 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 2006-07-12 | Elgems Ltd. | Pixelated photon detector |
US6402689B1 (en) | 1998-09-30 | 2002-06-11 | Sicel Technologies, Inc. | Methods, systems, and associated implantable devices for dynamic monitoring of physiological and biological properties of tumors |
US6259095B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2001-07-10 | Neoprobe Corporation | System and apparatus for detecting and locating sources of radiation |
US7103204B1 (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2006-09-05 | The University Of British Columbia | Method and apparatus for producing a representation of a measurable property which varies in time and space, for producing an image representing changes in radioactivity in an object and for analyzing tomography scan images |
US6155485A (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2000-12-05 | Scriptpro Llc | Medicament dispensing station |
US6620134B1 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2003-09-16 | Medrad, Inc. | Syringes and injector systems with collapsible cartridges |
US6310968B1 (en) | 1998-11-24 | 2001-10-30 | Picker International, Inc. | Source-assisted attenuation correction for emission computed tomography |
US6798206B2 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2004-09-28 | Medrad, Inc. | Neurovascular coil system and interface and system therefor and method of operating same in a multitude of modes |
US6356081B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2002-03-12 | Medrad, Inc. | Multimode operation of quadrature phased array MR coil systems |
US6233304B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2001-05-15 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for calcification scoring |
US6344745B1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-02-05 | Medrad, Inc. | Tapered birdcage resonator for improved homogeneity in MRI |
US6148229A (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2000-11-14 | Medrad, Inc. | System and method for compensating for motion artifacts in a strong magnetic field |
US6353227B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-03-05 | Izzie Boxen | Dynamic collimators |
CA2356271A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-06 | Image Guided Technologies, Inc. | A hybrid 3-d probe tracked by multiple sensors |
US6226350B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2001-05-01 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for cardiac scoring with a multi-beam scanner |
US6560354B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2003-05-06 | University Of Rochester | Apparatus and method for registration of images to physical space using a weighted combination of points and surfaces |
US6173201B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2001-01-09 | V-Target Ltd. | Stereotactic diagnosis and treatment with reference to a combined image |
US6392235B1 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2002-05-21 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Coded-aperture system for planar imaging of volumetric sources |
US6368331B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2002-04-09 | Vtarget Ltd. | Method and system for guiding a diagnostic or therapeutic instrument towards a target region inside the patient's body |
US6575930B1 (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2003-06-10 | Medrad, Inc. | Agitation devices and dispensing systems incorporating such agitation devices |
US6317623B1 (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2001-11-13 | Medrad, Inc. | Apparatus and method for controlling contrast enhanced imaging procedures |
US6591127B1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2003-07-08 | General Electric Company | Integrated multi-modality imaging system and method |
US6409987B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2002-06-25 | Intimax Corporation | Targeted agents useful for diagnostic and therapeutic applications |
US6630735B1 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2003-10-07 | Digirad Corporation | Insulator/metal bonding island for active-area silver epoxy bonding |
US6525320B1 (en) * | 1999-04-14 | 2003-02-25 | Jack E. Juni | Single photon emission computed tomography system |
US7015476B2 (en) | 1999-04-14 | 2006-03-21 | Juni Jack E | Single photon emission computed tomography system |
US7105825B2 (en) | 1999-04-14 | 2006-09-12 | Juni Jack E | Single photon emission computed tomography system |
US6512374B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2003-01-28 | Medrad, Inc. | MR local imaging coil operable as a receive only or a transmit/receive coil |
US6167297A (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2000-12-26 | Benaron; David A. | Detecting, localizing, and targeting internal sites in vivo using optical contrast agents |
US6236880B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2001-05-22 | Raymond R. Raylman | Radiation-sensitive surgical probe with interchangeable tips |
US6377838B1 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2002-04-23 | Photon Imaging, Inc. | Integral gamma-ray camera and compression member |
IL130317A0 (en) * | 1999-06-06 | 2000-06-01 | Elgems Ltd | Hand-held gamma camera |
EP1208390A4 (en) * | 1999-06-06 | 2003-10-08 | Elgems Ltd | Gamma camera and ct system |
US7397038B2 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2008-07-08 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Nuclear imaging using three-dimensional gamma particle interaction detection |
US6346706B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2002-02-12 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | High resolution photon detector |
USD426891S (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2000-06-20 | Medrad, Inc. | Injector head for a medical injector |
USD428491S (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2000-07-18 | Medrad, Inc. | Combined handle and display for a medical injector |
JP4421016B2 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 2010-02-24 | 東芝医用システムエンジニアリング株式会社 | Medical image processing device |
US6160398A (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2000-12-12 | Vista Clara, Inc. | Adaptive reconstruction of phased array NMR imagery |
JP2003504856A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2003-02-04 | ディジラッド・コーポレーション | Indirect back contact for semiconductor devices |
US6468261B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2002-10-22 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | Medical fluid delivery system |
US6408204B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2002-06-18 | Medrad, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for extravasation detection |
JP4838468B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2011-12-14 | メドラッド インコーポレーテッド | Injector system and syringe adapter used in the injector system |
US6339718B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2002-01-15 | Medrad, Inc. | Programmable injector control |
IL131242A0 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-01-28 | Given Imaging Ltd | A method for temperature sensing |
US6238374B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2001-05-29 | Proxima Therapeutics, Inc. | Hazardous fluid infuser |
US6202923B1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2001-03-20 | Innovation Associates, Inc. | Automated pharmacy |
GB9920401D0 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 1999-11-03 | Isis Innovation | Non-rigid motion image analysis |
US6516213B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2003-02-04 | Robin Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus to estimate location and orientation of objects during magnetic resonance imaging |
US6429431B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2002-08-06 | Peter J. Wilk | Medical diagnostic method and apparatus utilizing radioactivity detection |
US6252924B1 (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2001-06-26 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for motion-free cardiac CT imaging |
US6415046B1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2002-07-02 | Edmund Kenneth Kerut, Sr. | Method and apparatus for the early detection of tissue pathology using wavelet transformation |
USD452737S1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2002-01-01 | Medrad, Inc. | Medical injector |
US6490476B1 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2002-12-03 | Cti Pet Systems, Inc. | Combined PET and X-ray CT tomograph and method for using same |
FR2800189B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2002-01-11 | Ge Medical Syst Sa | METHOD FOR MULTI-RESOLUTION RECONSTRUCTION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE OF AN OBJECT, IN PARTICULAR A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANGIOGRAPHIC IMAGE |
US6270463B1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2001-08-07 | Medrad, Inc. | System and method for measuring temperature in a strong electromagnetic field |
US6520930B2 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2003-02-18 | Medrad, Inc. | Injectors, injector systems and injector control |
US6673033B1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2004-01-06 | Medrad, Inc. | Injectors, injector systems and injector control |
US6958053B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2005-10-25 | Medrad, Inc. | Injector providing drive member advancement and engagement with syringe plunger, and method of connecting a syringe to an injector |
AU1547101A (en) | 1999-11-26 | 2001-06-04 | Applied Spectral Imaging Ltd. | System and method for functional brain mapping and an oxygen saturation difference map algorithm for effecting same |
US6519569B1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2003-02-11 | B. Braun Medical, Inc. | Security infusion pump with bar code reader |
JP2003516192A (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2003-05-13 | メドラッド インコーポレーテッド | Syringe, syringe tube and fluid transfer system |
GB9930000D0 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-02-09 | Phaeton Research Ltd | An ingestible device |
US7747312B2 (en) | 2000-01-04 | 2010-06-29 | George Mason Intellectual Properties, Inc. | System and method for automatic shape registration and instrument tracking |
US20010049608A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-12-06 | Hochman Mark N. | Injection tracking and management system |
US6399951B1 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2002-06-04 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Simultaneous CT and SPECT tomography using CZT detectors |
US6652489B2 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2003-11-25 | Medrad, Inc. | Front-loading medical injector and syringes, syringe interfaces, syringe adapters and syringe plungers for use therewith |
US6549646B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2003-04-15 | Deus Technologies, Llc | Divide-and-conquer method and system for the detection of lung nodule in radiological images |
US7373197B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2008-05-13 | Intramedical Imaging, Llc | Methods and devices to expand applications of intraoperative radiation probes |
US6602488B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2003-08-05 | Intramedical Imaging, Llc | Use of radiopharmaceuticals and intraoperative radiation probe for delivery of medicinal treatments |
US6510336B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-01-21 | Intra Medical Imaging, Llc | Methods and devices to expand applications of intraoperative radiation probes |
JP4551524B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2010-09-29 | 株式会社東芝 | Ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus |
KR100800040B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2008-01-31 | 기븐 이미징 리미티드 | A capsule for in vivo imaging |
US6633658B1 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2003-10-14 | Senorx, Inc. | System and method for managing intermittent interference on imaging systems |
US6388244B1 (en) | 2000-03-20 | 2002-05-14 | Philips Medical Systems (Cleveland), Inc. | Virtual contouring for transmission scanning in spect and pet studies |
EP1265659A4 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2006-12-13 | Docusys Inc | A drug delivery and monitoring system |
US6674834B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2004-01-06 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Phantom and method for evaluating calcium scoring |
US6628984B2 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2003-09-30 | Pem Technologies, Inc. | Hand held camera with tomographic capability |
US6771802B1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2004-08-03 | Photon Imaging, Inc. | Method and apparatus for imaging and localizing radiation |
JP4180827B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2008-11-12 | ディジラッド・コーポレーション | Method for suppressing edge current of semiconductor device |
EP1284021A4 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2008-08-13 | Digirad Corp | Fabrication of low leakage-current backside illuminated photodiodes |
US6471674B1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2002-10-29 | Medrad, Inc. | Fluid delivery systems, injector systems and methods of fluid delivery |
US6438401B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2002-08-20 | Alpha Intervention Technology, Inc. | Indentification and quantification of needle displacement departures from treatment plan |
US6614453B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-09-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Method and apparatus for medical image display for surgical tool planning and navigation in clinical environments |
US20040195512A1 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2004-10-07 | Crosetto Dario B. | Method and apparatus for anatomical and functional medical imaging |
IL163684A0 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2005-12-18 | Given Imaging Ltd | Measurement of electrical characteristics of tissue |
US6704592B1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2004-03-09 | Medrad, Inc. | Communication systems for use with magnetic resonance imaging systems |
US6583420B1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2003-06-24 | Robert S. Nelson | Device and system for improved imaging in nuclear medicine and mammography |
US6748259B1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2004-06-08 | Spectros Corporation | Optical imaging of induced signals in vivo under ambient light conditions |
US6432089B1 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2002-08-13 | Medrad, Inc. | Medical syringe |
MXPA02012859A (en) | 2000-07-15 | 2003-05-14 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Medicament dispenser. |
DE10035751C1 (en) * | 2000-07-22 | 2001-11-15 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Test body for diagnostic nuclear medical device has radiation-emitting body provided with 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional structure |
IL137580A (en) | 2000-07-30 | 2005-11-20 | Integrated Detector & Electron | Readout system for solid state detector arrays |
US6576918B1 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2003-06-10 | Syncor International Corp. | Container and method for transporting a syringe containing radioactive material |
WO2002011787A2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Baxa Corporation | Method, system, and apparatus for handling, labeling, filling, and capping syringes |
IL137821A (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2009-07-20 | Ultraspect Ltd | Spect gamma camera |
US8909325B2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2014-12-09 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system and utilization thereof with medical systems and in medical procedures |
US8036731B2 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2011-10-11 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Ingestible pill for diagnosing a gastrointestinal tract |
US7826889B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2010-11-02 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system and utilization thereof with medical systems and in medical procedures |
WO2004042546A1 (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-05-21 | V-Target Technologies Ltd. | Apparatus and methods for imaging and attenuation correction |
US8565860B2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2013-10-22 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system |
US20020099310A1 (en) | 2001-01-22 | 2002-07-25 | V-Target Ltd. | Gastrointestinal-tract sensor |
US7062092B2 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2006-06-13 | Affymetrix, Inc. | System, method, and computer software product for gain adjustment in biological microarray scanner |
JP4377536B2 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2009-12-02 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | PET equipment |
US6504899B2 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2003-01-07 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Method for selecting beam orientations in intensity modulated radiation therapy |
WO2002056055A2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-07-18 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Systems and methods for coded aperture imaging of radiation- emitting sources |
JP4975208B2 (en) | 2000-10-03 | 2012-07-11 | 株式会社根本杏林堂 | Automatic injection equipment |
US6585700B1 (en) | 2000-10-05 | 2003-07-01 | Medrad, Inc. | Syringe, syringe plunger and attachment mechanism for front loading medical injector |
EP1339312B1 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2006-01-04 | Microchips, Inc. | Microchip reservoir devices using wireless transmission of power and data |
DE10050232A1 (en) | 2000-10-11 | 2002-05-02 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | High-resolution ultrasound tomograph |
US6439444B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2002-08-27 | Shields, Ii Levi E. | Cantilever carrying apparatus |
US7094216B2 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2006-08-22 | Medrad, Inc. | Injection system having a pressure isolation mechanism and/or a handheld controller |
ATE445418T1 (en) | 2000-10-19 | 2009-10-15 | Bracco Imaging Spa | RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS |
US6643538B1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2003-11-04 | Southeastern Universities Research Assn. | Directional intraoperative probe |
US6628983B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2003-09-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Nuclear imaging systems and methods with feature-enhanced transmission imaging |
EP1204073B1 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2007-01-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image generation method and apparatus |
US6936030B1 (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2005-08-30 | Medrad, Inc. | Injector systems incorporating a base unit attached to a surface |
US6787777B1 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2004-09-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Nuclear imaging system and method using segmented field of view |
US6754519B1 (en) | 2000-11-24 | 2004-06-22 | Elgems Ltd. | Multimodality imaging system |
EP1337291B8 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2009-10-07 | Docusys, Inc. | Drug delivery device incorporating a tracking code |
US6597940B2 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2003-07-22 | Neomed Technologies | Methods of detecting occlusion of the coronary artery system and imaging the heart |
US6723037B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2004-04-20 | Kawasumi Laboratories, Inc. | Protective tool for therapeutic material delivery device, cartridge for therapeutic material delivery device, and a therapeutic material delivery device |
US6506155B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2003-01-14 | Atl Ultrasound, Inc. | Data entry and setup system and method for ultrasound imaging |
NO20010234D0 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2001-01-12 | Nycomed Imaging As | Perfusion image |
CA2434479A1 (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2002-10-10 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | A pet camera with individually rotatable detector modules and/or individually movable shielding sections |
US6788758B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2004-09-07 | African Medical Imaging (Proprietary) Limited | Method of reconstructing tomographic images |
US7018363B2 (en) | 2001-01-18 | 2006-03-28 | Medrad, Inc. | Encoding and sensing of syringe information |
IL157007A0 (en) | 2001-01-22 | 2004-02-08 | Target Technologies Ltd V | Ingestible device |
IL141137A0 (en) | 2001-01-28 | 2002-02-10 | Caesaria Med Electronics Ltd | Liquid pump |
US6678546B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-01-13 | Fischer Imaging Corporation | Medical instrument guidance using stereo radiolocation |
US20020103429A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-01 | Decharms R. Christopher | Methods for physiological monitoring, training, exercise and regulation |
US7025757B2 (en) | 2001-02-08 | 2006-04-11 | Medrad, Inc. | Syringe loading devices for use with syringes and medical injectors |
JP3860979B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2006-12-20 | 安西メディカル株式会社 | Gamma camera device |
US6627893B1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2003-09-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Focused rotating slat-hole for gamma cameras |
US7409243B2 (en) | 2001-04-04 | 2008-08-05 | Mirabel Medical Ltd. | Breast cancer detection |
WO2002083210A1 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-24 | Jean-Luc Morelle | Process and device for preparing radiopharmaceutical products for injection |
US7011814B2 (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2006-03-14 | Sicel Technologies, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for in vivo monitoring of a localized response via a radiolabeled analyte in a subject |
US7105824B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2006-09-12 | Neurologica, Corp. | High resolution photon emission computed tomographic imaging tool |
US20030001098A1 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2003-01-02 | Stoddart Hugh A. | High resolution photon emission computed tomographic imaging tool |
US6484051B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-19 | James Daniel | Coincident multiple compton scatter nuclear medical imager |
GB2377870B (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2005-06-29 | Canon Kk | Method and apparatus for generating confidence data |
US6735329B2 (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2004-05-11 | Leonard S. Schultz | Methods and apparatus for image recognition and dictation |
ITRM20010279A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-25 | C N R Consiglio Naz Delle Ri C | SCINTIGRAPHIC DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED CRYSTAL COLLIMATOR WITH HIGH SPACE RESOLUTION. |
US6674083B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2004-01-06 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Positron emission tomography apparatus |
US6694172B1 (en) * | 2001-06-23 | 2004-02-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Fault-tolerant detector for gamma ray imaging |
US20030013950A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-01-16 | David Rollo | Dual isotope studies in nuclear medicine imaging |
US6728583B2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2004-04-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | User interface for a gamma camera which acquires multiple simultaneous data sets |
US6713766B2 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2004-03-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Gamma camera with capability of modifying study during exam |
US6767319B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2004-07-27 | Medrad, Inc. | Delivery methods, systems and components for use with hazardous pharmaceutical substances |
US7142703B2 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2006-11-28 | Cedara Software (Usa) Limited | Methods and software for self-gating a set of images |
US6592520B1 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-07-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Intravascular ultrasound imaging apparatus and method |
US6915619B2 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2005-07-12 | Baxa Corporation | Method for handling syringe bodies |
WO2003024385A1 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-27 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Medicine container and medicine injector comprising the same |
US20030055685A1 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2003-03-20 | Safety Syringes, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring administration of medical products |
JP2003121549A (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2003-04-23 | Toshiba Corp | Nuclear medicine diagnostic equipment |
US6940070B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2005-09-06 | Tumay O Tumer | Imaging probe |
WO2003039462A2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-15 | Tanox, Inc. | B-cell lymphoma specific antigen for use in diagnosis and treatment of b-cell malignancies |
US20030222228A1 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2003-12-04 | Chen Fu Monty Mong | Apparatus and method for transporting radiopharmaceuticals |
US6838672B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-01-04 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa | High resolution, multiple detector tomographic radionuclide imaging based upon separated radiation detection elements |
US6664542B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2003-12-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Gamma camera error correction using multiple point sources |
US6821013B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2004-11-23 | Medrad, Inc. | Adapters, adapter systems and method for use in connection with powered injectors for agitation of multi-component fluids |
US6985870B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2006-01-10 | Baxter International Inc. | Medication delivery system |
US6935560B2 (en) | 2002-02-26 | 2005-08-30 | Safety Syringes, Inc. | Systems and methods for tracking pharmaceuticals within a facility |
US6565502B1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-05-20 | Capintec, Inc. | Needle holder assembly |
EP1347309A3 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2012-04-18 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Radiological imaging apparatus and method |
US6774358B2 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2004-08-10 | Cti Pet Systems, Inc. | Normalization apparatus for PET and SPECT scanners and method for using same |
JP4070493B2 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2008-04-02 | 株式会社東芝 | X-ray diagnostic apparatus and medical image analysis apparatus |
JP2004005364A (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2004-01-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Similar image retrieval system |
JP2005521502A (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2005-07-21 | セガミ エス.エー.アール.エル. | Overlay of chest and abdominal image modalities |
JP4271040B2 (en) * | 2002-04-06 | 2009-06-03 | バーボア、ランダル・エル | Modification of the normalized difference method for real-time optical tomography |
US7797033B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2010-09-14 | Smart Pill Corporation | Method of using, and determining location of, an ingestible capsule |
US6741671B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2004-05-25 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company Llc | Computed tomography system with integrated analogic computer |
US6996262B2 (en) | 2002-05-20 | 2006-02-07 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus of scoring an arterial obstruction |
US7146030B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2006-12-05 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | System and methods for extracting semantics from images |
US6999847B2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2006-02-14 | Unelab Llc | Specimen carrier transfer apparatus for a conveyor track |
US20050020915A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-01-27 | Cv Therapeutics, Inc. | Myocardial perfusion imaging methods and compositions |
US6809321B2 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2004-10-26 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Dynamically optimized coincidence septa |
US6765981B2 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2004-07-20 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Computed tomography |
US20040044282A1 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-04 | Mixon Lonnie Mark | Medical imaging systems and methods |
US20040051368A1 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2004-03-18 | Jimmy Caputo | Systems and methods for programming pumps |
KR20050070030A (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2005-07-05 | 말린크로트, 인코포레이티드 | Pharmaceutical pig and method of use |
US7620444B2 (en) * | 2002-10-05 | 2009-11-17 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for improving usability of images for medical applications |
US20040116807A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-06-17 | Roni Amrami | Blood vessels wall imaging catheter |
US6928142B2 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2005-08-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Non-invasive plaque detection using combined nuclear medicine and x-ray system |
US6906330B2 (en) | 2002-10-22 | 2005-06-14 | Elgems Ltd. | Gamma camera |
US7577228B2 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2009-08-18 | General Electric Company | Transportable manufacturing facility for radioactive materials |
US7418119B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2008-08-26 | Siemens Computer Aided Diagnosis Ltd. | Display for computer-aided evaluation of medical images and for establishing clinical recommendation therefrom |
US20040204646A1 (en) | 2002-11-04 | 2004-10-14 | V-Target Technologies Ltd. | Intracorporeal-imaging head |
US7194119B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2007-03-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for retrieving a medical picture |
US7283652B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2007-10-16 | General Electric Company | Method and system for measuring disease relevant tissue changes |
US7017622B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2006-03-28 | Forhealth Technologies, Inc. | Automated means for removing, parking and replacing a syringe tip cap from a syringe |
US6915823B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2005-07-12 | Forhealth Technologies, Inc. | Automated apparatus and process for reconstitution and delivery of medication to an automated syringe preparation apparatus |
GB0228960D0 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2003-01-15 | Mirada Solutions Ltd | Improvements in or relating to processing systems |
US7187790B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2007-03-06 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Data processing and feedback method and system |
US7490085B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2009-02-10 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Computer-assisted data processing system and method incorporating automated learning |
JP3884377B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2007-02-21 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X-ray equipment |
US7835927B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2010-11-16 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Medication management system |
US7142634B2 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2006-11-28 | New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc. | Radiation field detection |
US7542791B2 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2009-06-02 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for preplanning a surgical procedure |
JP2004248721A (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-09-09 | Pentax Corp | Device for diagnostic aid |
EP1595163A2 (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2005-11-16 | Digirad Corporation | Signal enhancement module |
EP2284743A3 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2013-08-14 | CareFusion 303, Inc. | Infusion data communication system |
EP1469408B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2013-03-27 | PatientSafe Solutions, Inc. | Pharmaceutical tracking system |
WO2004093650A2 (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-04 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method for monitoring blood flow and metabolic uptake in tissue with radiolabeled alkanoic acid |
USD507832S1 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2005-07-26 | Medrad, Inc. | User interface for a medical device |
FR2855655B1 (en) | 2003-05-26 | 2005-08-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | INFRARED PHOTOVOLTAIC INFRARED DETECTOR WITH INDEPENDENT AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTIVE GRID |
US6994249B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2006-02-07 | Cardinal Health Technologies, Llc | System and method for drug management utilizing transferable labels |
US7291841B2 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2007-11-06 | Robert Sigurd Nelson | Device and system for enhanced SPECT, PET, and Compton scatter imaging in nuclear medicine |
US7359535B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2008-04-15 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Systems and methods for retrospective internal gating |
US7238946B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2007-07-03 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Nuclear imaging system using scintillation bar detectors and method for event position calculation using the same |
US7470896B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2008-12-30 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Non-circular-orbit detection method and apparatus |
US20050020898A1 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-27 | Vosniak Kenneth J. | System and method for configuring a scanning procedure |
US20050033157A1 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-02-10 | Klein Dean A. | Multi-modality marking material and method |
US20050049487A1 (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2005-03-03 | Johnson Bruce Fletcher | Compounds and kits for preparing imaging agents and methods of imaging |
US7537560B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2009-05-26 | Don Powers | Containment, shielding, information display, distribution and administration of radioactive pharmaceuticals |
US7019783B2 (en) | 2003-10-02 | 2006-03-28 | Digirad Corporation | Charge pump power supply with noise control |
JP2005131007A (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-26 | Nemoto Kyorindo:Kk | Medical fluid injection system |
US8543411B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2013-09-24 | United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs at the point of retail sale |
US7444010B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2008-10-28 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for the reduction of artifacts in computed tomography images |
US7152785B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2006-12-26 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Patient-centric data acquisition protocol selection and identification tags therefor |
US20050131270A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-16 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Radiation treatment system utilizing therapeutic agent and associated identifier |
US20050149350A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | Kerr Roger S. | Patient information management system and method |
JP4467987B2 (en) | 2004-01-05 | 2010-05-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Nuclear medicine diagnostic equipment |
US7026623B2 (en) | 2004-01-07 | 2006-04-11 | Jacob Oaknin | Efficient single photon emission imaging |
US7968851B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2011-06-28 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Dynamic spect camera |
WO2007010534A2 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Imaging protocols |
US9040016B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2015-05-26 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Diagnostic kit and methods for radioimaging myocardial perfusion |
US9470801B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2016-10-18 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Gating with anatomically varying durations |
US8586932B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2013-11-19 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | System and method for radioactive emission measurement |
US7176466B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2007-02-13 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction |
WO2005118659A2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-15 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Methods of view selection for radioactive emission measurements |
US7394923B2 (en) | 2004-02-10 | 2008-07-01 | The University Of Chicago | Imaging system for generating a substantially exact reconstruction of a region of interest |
US20070166227A1 (en) | 2004-02-10 | 2007-07-19 | Shuang Liu | Crowned dithiocarbamate metal complexes and methods for their use |
ES2524448T3 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2014-12-09 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | System for operating a medical injector and imaging device for diagnosis |
US9627097B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2017-04-18 | General Electric Company | Systems, methods and apparatus for infusion of radiopharmaceuticals |
US7170972B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2007-01-30 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for multi-modality imaging |
JP4679570B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2011-04-27 | アドヴァンスド アプライド フィジックス ソリューションズ,インコーポレイテッド | Gamma ray detector and method for detecting the location of energetic particle interactions within the detector |
US7672491B2 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2010-03-02 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Systems and methods providing automated decision support and medical imaging |
US7262417B2 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2007-08-28 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and system for improved image reconstruction and data collection for compton cameras |
US20050215889A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-09-29 | The Board of Supervisory of Louisiana State University | Methods for using pet measured metabolism to determine cognitive impairment |
US7145986B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2006-12-05 | General Electric Company | Solid state X-ray detector with improved spatial resolution |
JP2007538320A (en) | 2004-05-18 | 2007-12-27 | シルバーブルック リサーチ ピーティワイ リミテッド | Method and computer system for tracking product items |
US8518021B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2013-08-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Apparatus and method for therapeutic delivery of medication |
EP1755704B1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2008-02-27 | E-Z-EM, Inc. | System, method, and computer program product for handling, mixing, dispensing, and injecting radiopharmaceutical agents |
EP1778957A4 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2015-12-23 | Biosensors Int Group Ltd | Radioactive-emission-measurement optimization to specific body structures |
US7163031B2 (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2007-01-16 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | Automated dispensing system and associated method of use |
US7505550B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2009-03-17 | Hitachi Medical Corporation | Radiotomography apparatus |
US7468513B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-12-23 | The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia | Fast dynamic imaging protocol using a multi-head single photon emission computed tomography system |
US7283654B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2007-10-16 | Lumeniq, Inc. | Dynamic contrast visualization (DCV) |
US7345282B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-03-18 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Collimator with variable focusing and direction of view for nuclear medicine imaging |
US9471978B2 (en) | 2004-10-04 | 2016-10-18 | Banner Health | Methodologies linking patterns from multi-modality datasets |
US7502499B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2009-03-10 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | System and method for filtering noise from a medical image |
US20060104519A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2006-05-18 | Jonathan Stoeckel | System and method for a contiguous support vector machine |
US8000773B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2011-08-16 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radioimaging |
WO2008059489A2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-22 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radioimaging applications of and novel formulations of teboroxime |
US20080260637A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2008-10-23 | Dalia Dickman | Methods of Detecting Prostate Cancer |
US7382853B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2008-06-03 | General Electric Company | Method and system of CT data correction |
US7495225B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2009-02-24 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for pixilated detector masking |
EP1844351A4 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2017-07-05 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction and analysis for expert-system diagnosis |
EP1846015A4 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2009-08-12 | Mathew Mark Zuckerman | Method, compositions and classification for tumor diagnostics and treatment |
US7024026B1 (en) | 2005-01-20 | 2006-04-04 | Radiological Imaging Technology, Inc. | Relative calibration for dosimetric devices |
US7307252B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2007-12-11 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Detector head position correction for hybrid SPECT/CT imaging apparatus |
EP1908011B1 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2013-09-04 | Spectrum Dynamics LLC | Reconstruction stabilizer and active vision |
US8837793B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2014-09-16 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Reconstruction stabilizer and active vision |
US7327822B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2008-02-05 | Purdue Research Foundation | Methods, apparatus, and software for reconstructing an image |
EP2532375A1 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2012-12-12 | Medi-Physics Inc. | Cradle to be used with a technetium kit preparation |
EP1952180B1 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2017-01-04 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Dynamic spect camera |
US7570732B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2009-08-04 | Dexela Limited | Methods and apparatus for obtaining low-dose imaging |
US7894650B2 (en) | 2005-11-10 | 2011-02-22 | Microsoft Corporation | Discover biological features using composite images |
US8014576B2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2011-09-06 | The Medipattern Corporation | Method and system of computer-aided quantitative and qualitative analysis of medical images |
WO2007074466A2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-05 | Starhome Gmbh | Late forwarding to local voicemail system of calls to roaming users |
US7831024B2 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2010-11-09 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Slit-slat collimation |
US8894974B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2014-11-25 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy |
US7601966B2 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2009-10-13 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Imaging techniques for reducing blind spots |
US7671331B2 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2010-03-02 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and methods for processing imaging data from multiple detectors |
US8164063B2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2012-04-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Time of flight measurements in positron emission tomography |
US7592597B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2009-09-22 | Ge Healthcare Israel | Method and apparatus for imaging with imaging detectors having small fields of view |
US9072441B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2015-07-07 | Ge Medical Systems Israel, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for imaging using multiple imaging detectors |
JP4974608B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2012-07-11 | オリンパスイメージング株式会社 | Image shooting device |
WO2008046971A1 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2008-04-24 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Gamma-camera using the depth of interaction in a detector |
US7769219B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2010-08-03 | Cytyc Corporation | Method for assessing image focus quality |
US7663111B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2010-02-16 | Orbotech Ltd. | Variable collimation in radiation detection |
US7627084B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2009-12-01 | General Electric Compnay | Image acquisition and processing chain for dual-energy radiography using a portable flat panel detector |
US7680240B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2010-03-16 | General Electric Company | Iterative reconstruction of tomographic image data method and system |
US20080277591A1 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-13 | Orbotech Medical Solutions Ltd. | Directional radiation detector |
US7521681B2 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-04-21 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Non-rotating transaxial radionuclide imaging |
DE102007032541A1 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | Siemens Ag | Medical device with a device that is designed for the examination and / or treatment of at least one patient, and associated method |
US7671340B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2010-03-02 | General Electric Company | Adjustable-focal-length collimators method and system |
US8351671B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2013-01-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Motion correction in nuclear imaging |
US8521253B2 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2013-08-27 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Prostate imaging |
JP5601839B2 (en) | 2007-12-10 | 2014-10-08 | オリンパス株式会社 | Luminescence measurement method and luminescence measurement system |
CN102159253A (en) | 2008-03-24 | 2011-08-17 | 得克萨斯大学体系董事会 | Image-guided therapy of myocardial disease: composition, manufacturing and applications |
US7940894B2 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2011-05-10 | Vladimir Balakin | Elongated lifetime X-ray method and apparatus used in conjunction with a charged particle cancer therapy system |
US7956332B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2011-06-07 | General Electric Company | Multi-layer radiation detector assembly |
US8158951B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 | 2012-04-17 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and methods for evaluating operation of pixelated detectors |
US8338788B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2012-12-25 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Method and system of optimized volumetric imaging |
US8575555B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2013-11-05 | General Electric Company | Nuclear medicine imaging system and method using multiple types of imaging detectors |
US8421021B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2013-04-16 | General Electric Company | Motion correction of SPECT images |
-
2005
- 2005-01-13 US US11/034,007 patent/US7176466B2/en active Active
- 2005-01-13 EP EP05703091.8A patent/EP1709585B1/en active Active
- 2005-01-13 CN CNA2005800065880A patent/CN1981210A/en active Pending
- 2005-01-13 WO PCT/IL2005/000048 patent/WO2005067383A2/en active Application Filing
-
2007
- 2007-01-23 US US11/656,548 patent/US8676292B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-03-16 US US14/214,960 patent/US20140200447A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4529882A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1985-07-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Compton scattering gamma radiation camera and method of creating radiological images |
US5630034A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1997-05-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Three-dimensional image producing method and apparatus |
US6937750B2 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 2005-08-30 | Ge Medical Systems Israel Ltd. | Registration of nuclear medicine images |
US20020188197A1 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-12-12 | Harry Bishop | Cardiovascular imaging and functional analysis system |
US6776977B2 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2004-08-17 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company | Polypodal chelants for metallopharmaceuticals |
US20020191734A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-12-19 | Shinichi Kojima | Radiological imaging apparatus and radiological imaging method |
US20040153128A1 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-05 | Mitta Suresh | Method and system for image processing and contour assessment |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9370333B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2016-06-21 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioactive-emission-measurement optimization to specific body structures |
US9040016B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2015-05-26 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Diagnostic kit and methods for radioimaging myocardial perfusion |
US9470801B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2016-10-18 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Gating with anatomically varying durations |
US10964075B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2021-03-30 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Gating with anatomically varying durations |
US9943278B2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2018-04-17 | Spectrum Dynamics Medical Limited | Radioactive-emission-measurement optimization to specific body structures |
US9316743B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2016-04-19 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | System and method for radioactive emission measurement |
US10136865B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2018-11-27 | Spectrum Dynamics Medical Limited | Radioimaging using low dose isotope |
US8894974B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2014-11-25 | Spectrum Dynamics Llc | Radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy |
US9275451B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2016-03-01 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Method, a system, and an apparatus for using and processing multidimensional data |
WO2017193122A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | System and method for controlling noise in multi-energy computed tomography images based on spatio-spectral information |
US11328391B2 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2022-05-10 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | System and method for controlling noise in multi-energy computed tomography images based on spatio-spectral information |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8676292B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
US7176466B2 (en) | 2007-02-13 |
EP1709585A2 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
WO2005067383A2 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1709585A4 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
WO2005067383A3 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
US20070194241A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
US20050205792A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
CN1981210A (en) | 2007-06-13 |
EP1709585B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8676292B2 (en) | Multi-dimensional image reconstruction | |
US10136865B2 (en) | Radioimaging using low dose isotope | |
Vaquero et al. | Positron emission tomography: current challenges and opportunities for technological advances in clinical and preclinical imaging systems | |
US8280124B2 (en) | Methods of view selection for radioactive emission measurements | |
US8108024B2 (en) | Registration of multi-modality images | |
Cal-Gonzalez et al. | Hybrid imaging: instrumentation and data processing | |
US8716669B2 (en) | Line of response estimation for high-resolution PET detector | |
US20080033291A1 (en) | Multi-Dimensional Image Reconstruction and Analysis for Expert-System Diagnosis | |
EP2195686B1 (en) | Preclinical time of flight pet imaging | |
US20100032575A1 (en) | Methods and systems for pet/ct scanning for evaluation of malignancy | |
WO2011157045A1 (en) | Positron emission tomography method and device with application adaptability | |
US8467584B2 (en) | Use of multifocal collimators in both organ-specific and non-specific SPECT acquisitions | |
US7756310B2 (en) | System and method for segmentation | |
US20140051975A1 (en) | Multiple heterogeneous imaging systems for clinical and preclinical diagnosis | |
US8437522B2 (en) | Motion index for medical imaging data based upon Grangeat's formula | |
JP3851575B2 (en) | PET inspection equipment | |
Tsai et al. | Pitfalls on PET/CT due to artifacts and instrumentation | |
EP2711738A1 (en) | A method and a device to generate virtual X-ray computed tomographic image data | |
US20160195624A1 (en) | Overdetermined positron emission tomography | |
CN108932740A (en) | A kind of normalization factor acquisition methods and medical imaging procedure | |
Abdalla et al. | Challenges of medical image processing | |
Khanukaev et al. | A Review of Modern Imaging Technologies Used in Nuclear Medicine | |
CN116898467A (en) | Cascade imaging system | |
Xu et al. | Application of Optical CT Scanning in Three-Dimensional Radiation Dosimetry | |
Pousse et al. | Performances of a specific denoising wavelet process for high-resolution gamma imaging |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPECTRUM DYNAMICS LLC, NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROUSSO, BENNY;NAGLER, MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:032875/0796 Effective date: 20070123 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BIOSENSORS INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LTD., BERMUDA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPECTRUM DYNAMICS LLC;REEL/FRAME:032883/0560 Effective date: 20130519 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPECTRUM DYNAMICS MEDICAL LIMITED, VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BIOSENSORS INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:045186/0004 Effective date: 20170531 Owner name: SPECTRUM DYNAMICS MEDICAL LIMITED, VIRGIN ISLANDS, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BIOSENSORS INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:045186/0004 Effective date: 20170531 |