US20140156888A9 - Method and system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface - Google Patents
Method and system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface Download PDFInfo
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- US20140156888A9 US20140156888A9 US13/800,693 US201313800693A US2014156888A9 US 20140156888 A9 US20140156888 A9 US 20140156888A9 US 201313800693 A US201313800693 A US 201313800693A US 2014156888 A9 US2014156888 A9 US 2014156888A9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/42—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
- G06F13/4282—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus
- G06F13/4286—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus using a handshaking protocol, e.g. RS232C link
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/42—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
Definitions
- Certain embodiments of the invention relate to coexistence in communication systems. More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to a method and system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface.
- portable media devices may be operable to provide a video output signal to a computer monitor or a television to allow display of, for example, digital photographs.
- one possible output format may be a low-power FM transmission signal.
- integrated multi-purpose portable devices comprising multi-radio devices or components may interfere with each other.
- a method and/or system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary packet traffic arbitration system, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio coexistence system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-protocol command structure, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary protocol communication, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
- Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface. Aspects of the invention may comprise performing in a first communication device coupled to a communication bus, attaching communication protocol information to a data signal for each data transaction with one or more other communication devices communicatively coupled to the communication bus. The one or more other communication devices utilizing the attached communication protocol information may be controlled utilizing the attached communication protocol information. The communication protocol information may be dynamically adjusted and/or adaptively adjusted.
- the communication bus may be a serial or parallel communication bus.
- the serial communication bus may be a two-wire, three-wire, or four-wire bus.
- the attached communication protocol information comprises a multi-wire protocol, a 3-wire protocol, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol, a System Power Management Interface (SPMI), or an RF Bus protocol.
- the communication devices may be radio transceivers, and the radio control access may be controlled utilizing the attached communication protocol information.
- One or more clock counts in the attached communication protocol information may be adjusted to control one or more associated control signals.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- a multi-radio device 102 comprising a processor 104 , memory 112 , and a plurality of radio transceivers, of which radio transceiver 106 a, radio transceiver 106 b, and radio receiver 106 c may be illustrated.
- the multi-radio device 102 may be communicatively coupled to one or more antennas, of which antennas 108 a and 108 b may be illustrated.
- WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
- UWB UltraWideband
- the multi-radio device 102 suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to generate and/or receive radio-frequency (RF) signals in accordance with one or more RF technologies.
- the multi-radio device 102 may be operable to perform, for example, baseband signal processing in the processor 104 .
- the processor 104 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to perform a variety of signal processing tasks and may comprise controlling of the radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, for example.
- the processor 104 may be operable to arbitrate packet traffic via a packet traffic arbiter 114 .
- the packet traffic arbiter 114 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to control access to a transmission media for the radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, for example.
- the packet traffic arbiter 114 may be implemented via, for example, a processor 104 , and/or may be implemented via separate hardware.
- the memory 112 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to store data and/or code that may be accessed by the processor 104 and/or the radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c (1-N).
- the radio transceiver 106 a may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to generate RF signals and intermediate frequency (IF) signals from baseband signals, which may be communicated from the processor, in accordance with a radio frequency technology and/or standard.
- the radio transceiver 106 a may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to receive RF signals via one or more antennas, for example, antennas 108 a and 108 b, and convert the RF signals to baseband signals.
- the generated baseband signals may be desirably formatted for further processing in the processor 104 , for example.
- the radio transceivers 106 b through 106 c (2-N) may be substantially similar to radio transceiver 106 a but may operate in accordance with different radio technologies.
- the radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c (1-N) may, for example, generate and/or receive signals in accordance with cellular radio standards (UMTS, GSM, EDGE, HSDPA, EV-DO, COMA 2000 and others), broadband standards (for example WiMAX IEEE 802.16, WiBro), and short-range communication standards (WLAN IEEE 802.11, UWB, ZigBee and others).
- the radio transceivers 106 a though 106 c may be operable to conform to multiple radio frequency technologies, for example when a radio transceiver may be a software-defined radio platform.
- Each of the plurality of antennas communicatively coupled to the multi-radio device 102 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic, interfaces and/or code that may enable them to be communicatively coupled to one or more radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c.
- Each of the radio transceiver 106 a through 106 c may be communicatively coupled to at least one antenna, and some antennas may be shared between a plurality of radio transceivers.
- Each radio transceiver 106 a through 106 c may receive and/or transmit RF signals in accordance with an RF technology to/from another device, for example, a cellular basestation 110 a, a WiMAX basestation 110 b, a Bluetooth headphone 110 c, a WLAN access point 110 d, and/or a UWB access point 110 e.
- the components of the multi-radio device 102 may be implemented in a single chip, or with multiple chips and associated circuitry.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary packet traffic arbitration system, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- a packet traffic arbitration system 200 comprising a packet traffic arbiter 202 , a plurality of radio transceivers, of which radio transceiver 206 a through 206 (1-3) may be illustrated.
- communication links 208 a, 208 b, and 208 c are also shown.
- the packet traffic arbiter 202 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to control traffic flow and/or access to the radio resources of a plurality of radio transceivers in a system.
- the packet traffic arbiter 202 may be substantially similar to the packet traffic arbiter 114 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- the radio transceivers 206 a, 206 b, and 206 c may be substantially similar to the radio transceivers in FIG. 1 .
- the communication links 208 a, 208 b and 208 c may comprise suitable devices, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to facilitate communications between radio transceivers and the packet traffic arbiter (PTA).
- PTA packet traffic arbiter
- the radio transceivers may often be physically co-located. Some radio transceivers may operate in the same or similar frequency bands. Table 1 may show some exemplary radio technologies and their associated frequency bands:
- Wireless Technology Frequency Band Cellular CDMAIGPRS 824-894 MHz, 800-960 MHz, 1170-1880 MHz, 1850-1900 MHz W-CDMA/UMTS 2110-2170 MHz EDGE 824-960 MHz, 1710/1990 MHz HSDPA 2110-2170 MHz Bluetooth 2.0 2.402-2.480 GHz UWB 3.6-10.1 GHz (and Bluetooth 3.0) WiFi 2.4 GHz, 5.15-5.825 GHz (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n) WiMAX/WiBro 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.3-3.8 GHz (IEEE 802.16a) FM 76-108 MHz GPS 1.2 GHz, 1.5-1.6 GHz DVB-H TV 1.6-1.7 GHz
- radio transceivers may interfere with each other because of simultaneous or nearly simultaneous operation, and/or because one radio transceiver may desire to transmit while another radio transceiver may desire to receive, for example. In these instances, centralized traffic control
- Exemplary interfaces comprising the 2-wire interface, the 3-wire interface, and the 4-wire interface may be utilized in some instances for interference avoidance. In some instances, these multi-wire interfaces may be proprietary.
- the wire interfaces may, however, only work for two radio transceivers and may be used to improve Bluetooth-WLAN coexistence and/or antenna sharing in some instances.
- the 3-wire interface for example, may be used for Bluetooth-WLAN coexistence, in accordance with the IEEE 802.15.2 Recommended Practice.
- the PTA 202 may exchange information with the radio transceivers 206 a, 206 b, and 206 c via the communication links 208 a, 208 b, and 208 c.
- the information exchanged may be used by the PTA 202 to coordinate receiving and transmitting activities by the radio transceivers, for example radio transceivers 206 a, 206 b, and 206 c.
- the PTA 202 may employ coordination algorithms that may reduce or eliminate traffic collisions and increase efficiency.
- exemplary information that may be communicated between the PTA 202 and the radio transceivers 206 a, 206 b, and 206 c may comprise transmission coordination information, handover information, and spectrum management information, to control the radio transceivers 206 a, 206 b, and 206 c efficiently.
- coordination may aid in making handover decisions, for example in deciding to handover a phone call from a cellular radio transceiver to a Voice-over-IP (VoiP) call via a short-range radio transceiver, for example WLAN.
- VoIP Voice-over-IP
- a further benefit may be coordination of low-power activities by the radio transceivers.
- scanning the spectrum for nearby nodes, or sending periodic messages to a nearby access point and/or basestation, or receiving broadcast information may be achieved more efficiently by the radio transceivers if they are coordinated.
- a reduction in interference for such low-power activities, as well as in active transmission and reception activities may reduce power consumption and increase battery life, for example stand-by times.
- by judiciously selecting desirable radio transceiver combinations and parameters it may be possible, for example, to receive Bluetooth frames concurrently with the transmission of WLAN acknowledgement (ACK) packets, by selecting desirable transmit power levels.
- ACK WLAN acknowledgement
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio coexistence system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- a coexistence system 300 comprising a serial bus 302 and a plurality of radio transceivers, of which radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may be illustrated.
- the serial bus 302 may comprise a serial data line 310 , and a serial clock line 312 .
- the serial bus 302 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to communicate data between a plurality of communication entities that may be communicatively coupled to the serial bus 302 .
- the serial bus 302 may comprise a serial data line 310 and a serial clock line 312 .
- the serial data line 310 may be coupled to a supply voltage Vdd via a pull-up resistor 304 a
- the serial clock line 312 may be coupled to the supply voltage Vdd via a pull-up resistor 304 b.
- Each of the plurality of radio transmitters may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to generate RF signals and intermediate frequency (IF) signals from baseband signals that may be communicated from the processor, in accordance with a radio frequency technology and/or standard.
- each of the radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may be operable to communicate to each other and, in some instances, to other devices via the serial bus 302 .
- any one radio transceiver for example, any one of radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may be a packet traffic arbiter (PTA), in accordance with the needs in the system.
- the PTA may be chosen from among the active nodes.
- the PTA may be an inactive radio transmitter that may have sufficient extra processing power to coordinate among the plurality of radio transceivers.
- the PTA node for example radio transceiver 306 c, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , may coordinate the activities of the plurality of radio transceivers to minimize the interference between them.
- the radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may be separate devices and it may be desirable to operate different devices with different communication protocols, or varying configurations of a same protocol.
- the radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may communicate via a 3-wire protocol, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol, a System Power Management Interface (SPMI), or a Nokia RF Bus (basic mode) protocol.
- SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
- SPMI System Power Management Interface
- Nokia RF Bus basic mode
- varying configurations of a same protocol may be used, for example SPMI with varying address and data field sizes for various slaves on the bus.
- arbitrary multi-wire protocols may be operable on the serial bus 302 .
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-protocol command structure, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Referring to FIG.
- an exemplary 128-bit command structure 400 comprising an Enable 0 (EN0) 402 field, an Enable 1 (EN1) 404 field, an Output Enable 0 (OE0) 406 field, an Output Enable 1 (OE1) 408 field, a Read Enable 0 (RDEN0) 410 field, a Read Enable 1 (RDEN1) 412 field, a Phase 0 (PHASE0) 414 field, a Length (LENGTH) 416 field, a Data [63:32] 418 field, and a Data [31:0] 420 field.
- each data transaction may comprise protocol information
- each slave device for example radio transceiver 306 b, may utilize a different communication protocol.
- a communication protocol may be dynamically programmed, and adaptively adjusted.
- the communication protocol data may be 64 bit as illustrated, in FIG. 4A , or any other arbitrary bit length.
- the communication protocol data fields may be EN0 402 field, EN1 404 field, OE0 406 field, OE1 408 field, RDEN0 410 field, RDEN1 412 field, PHASE0 414 field, and LENGTH 416 field, as illustrated in FIG. 4A .
- the communication protocol may comprise any other arbitrary, desirable data fields.
- attaching protocol information for each transaction may allow dynamically programmable serial and/or parallel buses.
- the EN0 402 field may comprise a clock count, for example, which may be used to define for how many clock cycles a logic zero may be enabled.
- the EN1 404 field may comprise a clock count that may be used to define for how many clock cycles a logic zero may be enabled.
- the Output Enable OEN0 406 field, the OEN1 408 field, the Read Enable RDEN0 410 field, and RDEN1 412 field may define clock counts.
- the PHASE0 414 field may also be defined as a clock count, defining a phase change. A phase change may, for example, indicate whether a signal may be triggered on a rising-edge clock edge or a falling-edge clock edge.
- the LENGTH 416 field may be used, for example, to define the length of the communication protocol information fields, to separate the data from the protocol data.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary protocol communication, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Referring to FIG. 4B , there is shown an internal clock signal CLK_INT 430 , an external clock signal CLK_EXT 432 , an enable signal EN 434 , and output enable signal OEN 436 , a read enable signal RDEN 438 , a phase signal (PHASE) 440 , and a data signal 442 .
- the internal clock signal, CLK_INT 430 comprises, for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information.
- the external clock signal, CLK_EXT 432 comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information.
- the enable signal, EN 434 comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information.
- the EN 434 signal may be utilized to enable one or more device, circuitry, logic, and/or code.
- the output enable signal, OEN 436 comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information.
- the OEN 436 signal may be utilized to enable one or more outputs via circuitry, logic, and/or code.
- the read enable signal, RDEN 438 comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information.
- the RDEN 438 signal may be utilized to enable one or more read interfaces via circuitry, logic, and/or code.
- the phase signal (PHASE) 440 comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information.
- the PHASE 440 signal may be utilized to enable one or more phase interfaces via circuitry, logic, and/or code.
- the data signal 442 comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information.
- the data signal 442 signal may be utilized to enable data communications.
- FIG. 4B may illustrate an exemplary time-signal diagram.
- the EN 434 signal may be defined through the transitions/toggling from binary 1 to binary 0, defined by the clock counts in the EN0 402 and the EN1 404 fields, as illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B .
- the output enable OEN 436 may be defined through the clock counts given in OEN 406 and OEN1 408 as illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B .
- the read enable RDEN 438 may be defined through the clock counts given in RDEN0 410 and RDEN1 412 as illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B .
- the phase signal and the length of the transaction may be defined through the PHASE0 414 and LENGTH fields, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B .
- a method and system for multi-radio coexistence and a collaborative interface may comprise performing in a first communication device, for example radio transceiver 306 c, coupled to a communication bus 302 , attaching communication protocol information 400 to a data signal, for example data signal 442 for each data transaction with one or more other communication devices, for example radio transceivers 206 a, 206 b, 306 a or 306 b, communicatively coupled to the communication bus 302 .
- the or more other communication devices for example radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, may be controlled utilizing the attached communication protocol information 400 .
- the communication protocol information 400 may be dynamically adjusted and/or adaptively adjusted, for example EN0 402 , EN1 404 , OEN0 406 , OEN1 408 , RDEN0 410 , RDEN1 412 , PHASE0 414 , and/or LENGTH 416 .
- the communication bus 302 may be a serial or parallel communication bus.
- the serial communication bus 302 may be a two-wire, three-wire, or four-wire bus.
- the attached communication protocol information comprises a multi-wire protocol, a 3-wire protocol, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol, a System Power Management Interface (SPMI), or an RF Bus protocol.
- SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
- SPMI System Power Management Interface
- the communication devices may be radio transceivers, for example radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, and the radio control access may be controlled utilizing the attached communication protocol information 400 .
- One or more clock counts, for example CLK_INT 430 or CLK_EXT 432 , in the attached communication protocol information may be adjusted to control one or more associated control signals.
- Another embodiment of the invention may provide a machine-readable storage, having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section executable by a machine, thereby causing the machine to perform the steps•as described herein for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface.
- the present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- the present invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in at least one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited.
- a typical combination of hardware and software may be a general-purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
- the present invention may also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods.
- Computer program in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.
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Abstract
Description
- This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/755,755, filed Apr. 7, 2010. This application also makes reference to, claims priority to, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/288,040, filed on Dec. 18, 2009. Both applications are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference thereto.
- Certain embodiments of the invention relate to coexistence in communication systems. More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to a method and system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface.
- Electronic communication has become prolific over the last decade. While electronic communication was initially limited to the desktop, recent trends have been to make communications, media content and the Internet available anytime, anywhere and, increasingly, on any device. Already now, it is quite common to find mobile devices such as cellular phones or Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) that incorporate a large range of communication technologies and associated software. For example, fully featured web-browsers, email clients, MP3 players, instant messenger software, and Voice-over-IP may all be found on some recent devices.
- In this same spirit of the ‘anytime, anywhere’ paradigm, there is a drive towards making content stored on portable devices available to a large number of devices over a variety of radio frequency technologies. For example, many portable media devices may be operable to provide a video output signal to a computer monitor or a television to allow display of, for example, digital photographs. For audio content, one possible output format may be a low-power FM transmission signal. Such integrated multi-purpose portable devices comprising multi-radio devices or components may interfere with each other.
- Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.
- A method and/or system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.
- These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the present invention, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary packet traffic arbitration system, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio coexistence system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-protocol command structure, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. -
FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary protocol communication, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. - Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface. Aspects of the invention may comprise performing in a first communication device coupled to a communication bus, attaching communication protocol information to a data signal for each data transaction with one or more other communication devices communicatively coupled to the communication bus. The one or more other communication devices utilizing the attached communication protocol information may be controlled utilizing the attached communication protocol information. The communication protocol information may be dynamically adjusted and/or adaptively adjusted. The communication bus may be a serial or parallel communication bus. The serial communication bus may be a two-wire, three-wire, or four-wire bus. The attached communication protocol information comprises a multi-wire protocol, a 3-wire protocol, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol, a System Power Management Interface (SPMI), or an RF Bus protocol. The communication devices may be radio transceivers, and the radio control access may be controlled utilizing the attached communication protocol information. One or more clock counts in the attached communication protocol information may be adjusted to control one or more associated control signals.
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 1 , there is shown amulti-radio device 102, comprising aprocessor 104,memory 112, and a plurality of radio transceivers, of whichradio transceiver 106 a,radio transceiver 106 b, andradio receiver 106 c may be illustrated. Themulti-radio device 102 may be communicatively coupled to one or more antennas, of whichantennas cellular base station 110 a, aWiMAX base station 110 b,headphones 110 c, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)access point 110 d, and an UltraWideband (UWB)access point 110 e. - The
multi-radio device 102 suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to generate and/or receive radio-frequency (RF) signals in accordance with one or more RF technologies. Themulti-radio device 102 may be operable to perform, for example, baseband signal processing in theprocessor 104. - The
processor 104 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to perform a variety of signal processing tasks and may comprise controlling of theradio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, for example. Theprocessor 104 may be operable to arbitrate packet traffic via apacket traffic arbiter 114. - The
packet traffic arbiter 114 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to control access to a transmission media for theradio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, for example. In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, thepacket traffic arbiter 114 may be implemented via, for example, aprocessor 104, and/or may be implemented via separate hardware. - The
memory 112 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to store data and/or code that may be accessed by theprocessor 104 and/or theradio transceivers 106 a through 106 c (1-N). - The
radio transceiver 106 a may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to generate RF signals and intermediate frequency (IF) signals from baseband signals, which may be communicated from the processor, in accordance with a radio frequency technology and/or standard. In addition, theradio transceiver 106 a may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to receive RF signals via one or more antennas, for example,antennas processor 104, for example. Theradio transceivers 106 b through 106 c (2-N) may be substantially similar toradio transceiver 106 a but may operate in accordance with different radio technologies. Theradio transceivers 106 a through 106 c (1-N) may, for example, generate and/or receive signals in accordance with cellular radio standards (UMTS, GSM, EDGE, HSDPA, EV-DO, COMA 2000 and others), broadband standards (for example WiMAX IEEE 802.16, WiBro), and short-range communication standards (WLAN IEEE 802.11, UWB, ZigBee and others). In some instances, theradio transceivers 106 a though 106 c may be operable to conform to multiple radio frequency technologies, for example when a radio transceiver may be a software-defined radio platform. - Each of the plurality of antennas communicatively coupled to the
multi-radio device 102, forexample antennas more radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c. Each of theradio transceiver 106 a through 106 c may be communicatively coupled to at least one antenna, and some antennas may be shared between a plurality of radio transceivers. Eachradio transceiver 106 a through 106 c may receive and/or transmit RF signals in accordance with an RF technology to/from another device, for example, acellular basestation 110 a, aWiMAX basestation 110 b, a Bluetoothheadphone 110 c, aWLAN access point 110 d, and/or aUWB access point 110 e. In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the components of themulti-radio device 102 may be implemented in a single chip, or with multiple chips and associated circuitry. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary packet traffic arbitration system, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 2 , there is shown a packettraffic arbitration system 200 comprising apacket traffic arbiter 202, a plurality of radio transceivers, of whichradio transceiver 206 a through 206 (1-3) may be illustrated. There is also showncommunication links - The
packet traffic arbiter 202 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to control traffic flow and/or access to the radio resources of a plurality of radio transceivers in a system. In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, thepacket traffic arbiter 202 may be substantially similar to thepacket traffic arbiter 114 illustrated inFIG. 1 . - The
radio transceivers FIG. 1 . - The communication links 208 a, 208 b and 208 c may comprise suitable devices, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to facilitate communications between radio transceivers and the packet traffic arbiter (PTA).
- In multi-radio systems as illustrated in
FIG. 1 , the radio transceivers may often be physically co-located. Some radio transceivers may operate in the same or similar frequency bands. Table 1 may show some exemplary radio technologies and their associated frequency bands: -
TABLE 1 Exemplary frequency bands Wireless Technology Frequency Band Cellular: CDMAIGPRS 824-894 MHz, 800-960 MHz, 1170-1880 MHz, 1850-1900 MHz W-CDMA/UMTS 2110-2170 MHz EDGE 824-960 MHz, 1710/1990 MHz HSDPA 2110-2170 MHz Bluetooth 2.0 2.402-2.480 GHz UWB 3.6-10.1 GHz (and Bluetooth 3.0) WiFi 2.4 GHz, 5.15-5.825 GHz (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n) WiMAX/WiBro 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.3-3.8 GHz (IEEE 802.16a) FM 76-108 MHz GPS 1.2 GHz, 1.5-1.6 GHz DVB-H TV 1.6-1.7 GHz
In some instances, radio transceivers may interfere with each other because of simultaneous or nearly simultaneous operation, and/or because one radio transceiver may desire to transmit while another radio transceiver may desire to receive, for example. In these instances, centralized traffic control that may help to avoid interference and hence errors, that may lead to lost packets. - Exemplary interfaces comprising the 2-wire interface, the 3-wire interface, and the 4-wire interface may be utilized in some instances for interference avoidance. In some instances, these multi-wire interfaces may be proprietary. The wire interfaces may, however, only work for two radio transceivers and may be used to improve Bluetooth-WLAN coexistence and/or antenna sharing in some instances. The 3-wire interface, for example, may be used for Bluetooth-WLAN coexistence, in accordance with the IEEE 802.15.2 Recommended Practice.
- In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the
PTA 202 may exchange information with theradio transceivers PTA 202 to coordinate receiving and transmitting activities by the radio transceivers, forexample radio transceivers PTA 202, thePTA 202 may employ coordination algorithms that may reduce or eliminate traffic collisions and increase efficiency. Thus, exemplary information that may be communicated between thePTA 202 and theradio transceivers radio transceivers -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-radio coexistence system comprising a dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 3 , there is shown acoexistence system 300 comprising aserial bus 302 and a plurality of radio transceivers, of whichradio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may be illustrated. Theserial bus 302 may comprise aserial data line 310, and aserial clock line 312. - The
serial bus 302 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to communicate data between a plurality of communication entities that may be communicatively coupled to theserial bus 302. Theserial bus 302 may comprise aserial data line 310 and aserial clock line 312. Theserial data line 310 may be coupled to a supply voltage Vdd via a pull-upresistor 304 a, and theserial clock line 312 may be coupled to the supply voltage Vdd via a pull-upresistor 304 b. - Each of the plurality of radio transmitters, for
example radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f, may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces and/or code that may be operable to generate RF signals and intermediate frequency (IF) signals from baseband signals that may be communicated from the processor, in accordance with a radio frequency technology and/or standard. In addition, each of theradio transceivers 306 a through 306 f, for example, may be operable to communicate to each other and, in some instances, to other devices via theserial bus 302. - In most instances, it may be desirable that any one radio transceiver, for example, any one of
radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may be a packet traffic arbiter (PTA), in accordance with the needs in the system. In this regard, the PTA may be chosen from among the active nodes. In some instances, the PTA may be an inactive radio transmitter that may have sufficient extra processing power to coordinate among the plurality of radio transceivers. The PTA node, forexample radio transceiver 306 c, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , may coordinate the activities of the plurality of radio transceivers to minimize the interference between them. - In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the
radio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may be separate devices and it may be desirable to operate different devices with different communication protocols, or varying configurations of a same protocol. For example, theradio transceivers 306 a through 306 f may communicate via a 3-wire protocol, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol, a System Power Management Interface (SPMI), or a Nokia RF Bus (basic mode) protocol. In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, varying configurations of a same protocol may be used, for example SPMI with varying address and data field sizes for various slaves on the bus. In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, arbitrary multi-wire protocols may be operable on theserial bus 302. In these instances, it may be desirable to use a communication protocol on theserial bus 302, for example, which may be able to communicate utilizing a plurality of protocols, and may not be hard-wired to a fixed communications protocol. By utilizing multiple protocols over theserial bus 302, the bus may be very flexible to protocol changes, and topology changes in the network. Thus, it may be desirable to attach protocol information to the data packets, as illustrated inFIG. 4A .FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-protocol command structure, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Referring toFIG. 4A , there is shown an exemplary 128-bit command structure 400, comprising an Enable 0 (EN0) 402 field, an Enable 1 (EN1) 404 field, an Output Enable 0 (OE0) 406 field, an Output Enable 1 (OE1) 408 field, a Read Enable 0 (RDEN0) 410 field, a Read Enable 1 (RDEN1) 412 field, a Phase 0 (PHASE0) 414 field, a Length (LENGTH) 416 field, a Data [63:32] 418 field, and a Data [31:0] 420 field. - In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, it may be desirable to include protocol information with each data transaction. In this manner, a plurality of communication protocols may be supported. In particular, protocol information fields may be attached to the data packets, as illustrated in
FIG. 4A . Because each data transaction may comprise protocol information, each slave device, forexample radio transceiver 306 b, may utilize a different communication protocol. Thus, by sending protocol information with each data transaction, a communication protocol may be dynamically programmed, and adaptively adjusted. The communication protocol data may be 64 bit as illustrated, inFIG. 4A , or any other arbitrary bit length. The communication protocol data fields may beEN0 402 field,EN1 404 field,OE0 406 field,OE1 408 field,RDEN0 410 field,RDEN1 412 field,PHASE0 414 field, andLENGTH 416 field, as illustrated inFIG. 4A . Alternatively, the communication protocol may comprise any other arbitrary, desirable data fields. In addition, attaching protocol information for each transaction may allow dynamically programmable serial and/or parallel buses. - The
EN0 402 field, may comprise a clock count, for example, which may be used to define for how many clock cycles a logic zero may be enabled. Similarly, theEN1 404 field, may comprise a clock count that may be used to define for how many clock cycles a logic zero may be enabled. Similarly, theOutput Enable OEN0 406 field, theOEN1 408 field, theRead Enable RDEN0 410 field, andRDEN1 412 field may define clock counts. ThePHASE0 414 field may also be defined as a clock count, defining a phase change. A phase change may, for example, indicate whether a signal may be triggered on a rising-edge clock edge or a falling-edge clock edge. TheLENGTH 416 field may be used, for example, to define the length of the communication protocol information fields, to separate the data from the protocol data. -
FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary protocol communication, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Referring toFIG. 4B , there is shown an internalclock signal CLK_INT 430, an external clock signal CLK_EXT 432, an enablesignal EN 434, and output enablesignal OEN 436, a read enablesignal RDEN 438, a phase signal (PHASE) 440, and adata signal 442. - The internal clock signal,
CLK_INT 430, comprises, for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information. The external clock signal, CLK_EXT 432, comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information. The enable signal,EN 434, comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information. TheEN 434 signal may be utilized to enable one or more device, circuitry, logic, and/or code. The output enable signal,OEN 436, comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information. TheOEN 436 signal may be utilized to enable one or more outputs via circuitry, logic, and/or code. The read enable signal,RDEN 438, comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information. TheRDEN 438 signal may be utilized to enable one or more read interfaces via circuitry, logic, and/or code. The phase signal (PHASE) 440, comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information. ThePHASE 440 signal may be utilized to enable one or more phase interfaces via circuitry, logic, and/or code. The data signal 442 comprises for example, an m-ary amplitude signal and associated timing information. The data signal 442 signal may be utilized to enable data communications. - In accordance with various embodiments of the invention,
FIG. 4B may illustrate an exemplary time-signal diagram. For example, theEN 434 signal may be defined through the transitions/toggling from binary 1 tobinary 0, defined by the clock counts in theEN0 402 and theEN1 404 fields, as illustrated inFIG. 4A andFIG. 4B . Similarly, the output enableOEN 436 may be defined through the clock counts given inOEN 406 andOEN1 408 as illustrated inFIG. 4A andFIG. 4B . Similarly, the read enableRDEN 438 may be defined through the clock counts given inRDEN0 410 andRDEN1 412 as illustrated inFIG. 4A andFIG. 4B . The phase signal and the length of the transaction may be defined through thePHASE0 414 and LENGTH fields, respectively, as illustrated inFIG. 4A andFIG. 4B . - In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a method and system for multi-radio coexistence and a collaborative interface may comprise performing in a first communication device, for
example radio transceiver 306 c, coupled to acommunication bus 302, attachingcommunication protocol information 400 to a data signal, for example data signal 442 for each data transaction with one or more other communication devices, forexample radio transceivers communication bus 302. The or more other communication devices, forexample radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, may be controlled utilizing the attachedcommunication protocol information 400. Thecommunication protocol information 400 may be dynamically adjusted and/or adaptively adjusted, forexample EN0 402,EN1 404,OEN0 406,OEN1 408,RDEN0 410,RDEN1 412,PHASE0 414, and/orLENGTH 416. Thecommunication bus 302 may be a serial or parallel communication bus. Theserial communication bus 302 may be a two-wire, three-wire, or four-wire bus. The attached communication protocol information comprises a multi-wire protocol, a 3-wire protocol, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol, a System Power Management Interface (SPMI), or an RF Bus protocol. The communication devices may be radio transceivers, forexample radio transceivers 106 a through 106 c, and the radio control access may be controlled utilizing the attachedcommunication protocol information 400. One or more clock counts, forexample CLK_INT 430 or CLK_EXT 432, in the attached communication protocol information may be adjusted to control one or more associated control signals. - Another embodiment of the invention may provide a machine-readable storage, having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section executable by a machine, thereby causing the machine to perform the steps•as described herein for dynamically programmable serial/parallel bus interface.
- Accordingly, the present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The present invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in at least one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware and software may be a general-purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
- The present invention may also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.
- While the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
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US8959268B2 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2015-02-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Information processing apparatus, serial communication system, method of initialization of communication therefor and serial communication apparatus |
US10278046B2 (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2019-04-30 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Selective antenna allocation |
US10521392B2 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2019-12-31 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Slave master-write/read datagram payload extension |
US11334134B2 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-05-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Integrated circuit |
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US6473411B1 (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2002-10-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Router device, datagram transfer method and communication system realizing handoff control for mobile terminals |
US20090248929A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Ahmadreza Rofougaran | Method and system for inter-pcb communications with wireline control |
US20100077111A1 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-03-25 | David Holmes | Apparatus and methods to communicatively couple field devices to controllers in a process control system |
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JP2862471B2 (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1999-03-03 | モトローラ・インコーポレイテッド | electric circuit |
US5936960A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-08-10 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Apparatus for and method of communicating among devices interconnected on a bus |
US6073197A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2000-06-06 | Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | Apparatus for and method of communicating data among devices interconnected on a bus by using a signalling channel to set up communications |
US7313378B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2007-12-25 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Tracking automatic gain control |
US7440730B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-10-21 | Intel Corporation | Device, system and method of multiple transceivers control |
US7583625B2 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2009-09-01 | Broadcom Corporation | Access point multi-level transmission power and protocol control based on the exchange of characteristics |
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US6473411B1 (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2002-10-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Router device, datagram transfer method and communication system realizing handoff control for mobile terminals |
US20090248929A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Ahmadreza Rofougaran | Method and system for inter-pcb communications with wireline control |
US20100077111A1 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-03-25 | David Holmes | Apparatus and methods to communicatively couple field devices to controllers in a process control system |
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