US20140110135A1 - Method and Apparatus for Elevator Hobble Compensation - Google Patents
Method and Apparatus for Elevator Hobble Compensation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140110135A1 US20140110135A1 US14/057,505 US201314057505A US2014110135A1 US 20140110135 A1 US20140110135 A1 US 20140110135A1 US 201314057505 A US201314057505 A US 201314057505A US 2014110135 A1 US2014110135 A1 US 2014110135A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- elevators
- semi
- pipe
- hobble
- bail
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/02—Rod or cable suspensions
- E21B19/06—Elevators, i.e. rod- or tube-gripping devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
Abstract
A compensating hobbling assembly secures a set of elevators in a level position, while compensating for side or non-axial loading. An adjustable bail clamp is affixed to a bail, while an extendable hobble compensation assembly is pivotally attached to a set of elevators. A cable, chain or other flexible member having a finite length extends between the bail clamp and the hobble compensation assembly. Tension of said cable, chain or other flexible member can be adjusted so that the elevators are maintained in a substantially level position when suspended or hanging from bails. The hobble compensating assembly can extend, allowing the elevators to tilt and relative to the bails.
Description
- Priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/715,910, filed Oct. 19, 2012, Incorporated herein by reference, is hereby claimed.
- None
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention pertains to an elevator hobbling assembly for use with tubular running systems.
- 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
- Oil and gas operations frequently involve the use of pipe and/or other tubular goods manipulated from a surface drilling rig or other surface facility. Such tubular goods are usually inserted into a well in a number of separate sections of substantially equal length called “joints.” Such joints are typically screwed together or otherwise joined end-to-end at the rig floor of a drilling rig in order to form a substantially continuous “string” of pipe that reaches downward into the earth's crust. As the bottom or distal end of the pipe string extends further into a well, additional sections of pipe are added to the upper end of the pipe string at said drilling rig.
- The process of installing a string of pipe in a well is typically commenced by lowering a first section of pipe into a wellbore at a drilling rig floor, and suspending said section of pipe in place using a lower gripping apparatus commonly referred to as “spider slips”. In this position, the uppermost end of said first section of pipe protrudes from the upper opening of a well and is generally situated a desired distance above the rig floor. Thereafter, a second section of pipe is lifted within a drilling rig derrick and suspended vertically within said derrick. Said second section of pipe is then positioned in linear alignment above the first section of pipe (which was previously run into the well and is being gripped by said spider slips); the lower end of said second pipe section can then be connected to the upper end of said first pipe section.
- After said first and second sections of pipe have been joined together (typically using a threaded connection), a vertically movable upper gripping assembly, commonly referred to as a set of elevators, or simply “elevators”, can be lowered around the upper end of such joined pipe sections. Once said elevators are properly positioned, a gripping apparatus known as elevator slips can be latched around the external surface of the pipe in order to grip such pipe. Said elevators can then be raised, thereby lifting the pipe and taking weight off of the lower spider slips. In this configuration, the lower spider slips can then be disengaged, allowing the entire weight of the pipe string to be suspended from the elevator slips of said elevators.
- After said spider slips have been raised, the joined sections of pipe (hanging from the elevator slips) can then be lowered into the well by lowering said elevators a desired distance before re-engaging the spider slips and disengaging said elevator slips. This process can be repeated until a desired length of pipe (i.e., the desired number of pipe sections) is inserted into the wellbore.
- On most drilling rigs, elevators are suspended using a pair of elongate and substantially parallel linkage members commonly referred to as “bails”. Each bail generally comprises an upper and a lower loop with a rigid body or spacer member disposed between said upper and lower loops. The upper loop of each bail is typically connected to a rig's traveling block or vertically movable top drive unit, while the lower loop of each bail is secured to lifting ears of the elevators. This connection method typically allows such elevators to pivot about a substantially horizontal axis, created by the cooperating substantially parallel lower loops of the bails and the elevator lifting ears, while said elevators are suspended from the bails.
- Conventional elevators are frequently prevented from unwanted pivotal movement using a process known as “hobbling” wherein the elevators are tied or otherwise secured to the bails using a chain or cable. Such chain or cable limits pivotal movement of the elevators and keeps the elevators substantially level (relative to a rig floor) while such elevators are suspended from the bails. In this manner, said elevators can latch on to a substantially vertical section of pipe within a derrick and/or protruding from the upper opening of a well bore.
- Although generally acceptable for use on vertical wells, such conventional elevator hobbling systems are not desirable for use on directional wells including, without limitation, horizontal wells. As a length of pipe moves further into a non-vertical section of a well, the exposed portion of the pipe frequently “leans” such that it is not axially aligned with the drilling rig derrick (that is, it is no longer vertical relative to the drilling rig floor). Thus, as such pipe is raised or lowered into a well, the leaning of such pipe can place excessive loading on a hobble chain or cable which, in turn, can create an unsafe condition for nearby personnel.
- Thus, there is a need for a system for safely hobbling a set of elevators hanging from bails in a drilling rig derrick. The hobbling system should limit pivotal movement of elevators prior to such elevators latching on to a section of pipe, while permitting limited pivotal movement after elevator slips are set and a pipe string is lowered into a well.
- The present invention comprises a compensating hobbling assembly for securing elevators to bails using a chain or cable. The hobbling chain or cable limits pivotal movement of the elevators and keeps the elevators substantially level relative to a section of pipe to be gripped while such elevators are suspended from a set of bails. Further, because the hobbling assembly of the present invention is compensated, elevators are permitted to tilt in order to accommodate non-vertical or leaning pipe, as well as the non-linear loading caused by such pipe.
- An adjustable bail clamp is secured to a bail, while an extendable hobble compensation assembly is pivotally attached to a set of elevators. A cable, chain or other flexible member having a finite length extends between said bail clamp and said hobble compensation assembly. Tension of said cable, chain or other flexible member can be adjusted by selectively setting the vertical position of said bail clamp on said bail. Said bail clamp can be positioned on said bail so that said elevators are maintained in a substantially level position when suspended or hanging from a pair of bails.
- The hobble compensating assembly of the present invention permits a pipe section to be gripped by said elevators, even when such pipe section is not oriented purely vertically. In such instances, a non-vertical pipe section can impose unwanted or unsafe non-axial loading or other forces on a set of elevators. In order to account for such forces/loading, the hobble compensating assembly of the present invention can beneficially extend in a controlled manner, thereby allowing said elevators to tilt or partially rotate relative to said bails in response to such forces/loading.
- The foregoing summary, as well as any detailed description of the preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the drawings and figures contained herein. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, the drawings and figures show certain preferred embodiments. It is understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific methods and devices disclosed in such drawings or figures.
-
FIG. 1 depicts a side view of an unbalanced set of elevators hanging from a set of conventional bails. -
FIG. 2 depicts a front view of a set of elevators suspended from conventional bails and equipped with a hobble assembly of the present invention gripping a section of pipe. -
FIG. 3 depicts a side view of a set of elevators suspended from conventional bails and equipped with a hobble assembly of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 depicts a side view of a set of elevators equipped with the hobble assembly of the present invention gripping a section of pipe. -
FIG. 5 depicts a side perspective view of a bail clamp of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 depicts a side partial sectional view of a hobble compensator assembly of the present invention. -
FIG. 1 depicts a side view of a set ofunbalanced elevators 10 hanging from a pair ofconventional bails 20. Eachbail 20 of said pair generally comprises an upper loop (not shown inFIG. 1 ) and alower loop 21, as well as a rigid spacer ormember 22 positioned between said upper and lower loops. A substantially similar, if not identical, bail is disposed on the opposite side ofelevators 10 andbail 20 depicted inFIG. 1 , but is obscured from view and is not visible inFIG. 1 . -
Bail 20 is beneficially connected at its upper end to a rig's traveling block or vertically movable top drive unit, whilelower loop 21 is secured to a lifting ear 11 ofelevators 10. Lifting ear 11 ofelevators 10 is generally free to rotate withinlower loop 21 ofbail 20. In this manner,elevators 10 are free to pivot about a substantially horizontal axis extending through cooperatinglower loop 21 and elevator lifting ear 11. - As depicted in
FIG. 1 , elevator slips 12 ofelevators 10 are shown in a raised, non-gripping position. As noted above, after sections of pipe have been joined together (typically using a threaded connection) and partially installed within a well, a portion of saidpipe 100 can extend out of the upper opening of such well.Elevators 10 can then be lowered around the upper end of such pipe, typically by lowering said elevators over the upper end ofsuch pipe section 100. Onceelevators 20 are properly positioned relative to such pipe, elevator slips 12 of saidelevators 10 can be engaged in order to grip the outer surface of saidpipe 100. However, because of the geometry ofelevator 10, the weight of elevator slips 12 is primarily concentrated near therear portion 13 ofelevators 10, particularly when said elevator slips 12 are in an unlatched or disengaged position as depicted inFIG. 1 . This unbalanced condition causeselevators 10 to tilt, making it difficult, if not impossible, forsuch elevators 10 to be properly lowered over and receive the upper end ofpipe section 100. - Conventional elevators are sometimes prevented from unwanted pivotal movement using a process known as “hobbling,” wherein said elevators are tied or otherwise secured to bails using a chain, cable or other similar device. The hobbling chain or cable limits pivotal movement of the elevators and keeps the elevators substantially level relative to a section of pipe to be gripped while such elevators are suspended from the bails. In this manner, said elevators can be lowered over a substantially vertical section of pipe within a drilling rig derrick and/or protruding from the upper opening of a well bore.
-
FIG. 2 depicts a front view of a set ofelevators 10 suspended from a pair ofconventional bails 20 and equipped with ahobble assembly 30 of the present invention gripping a section ofpipe 100. Eachbail 20 of said pair generally comprises an upper loop (not shown inFIG. 2 ) and alower loop 21, as well as a rigid spacer ormember 22 positioned between said upper and lower loops. Eachbail 20 is beneficially connected at its upper end to a rig's traveling block or vertically movable top drive unit (not shown inFIG. 2 ), while eachlower loop 21 is secured to a lifting ear 11 ofelevators 10. -
FIG. 3 depicts a side view of a set ofelevators 10 suspended from a pair ofconventional bails 20 and equipped withhobble assembly 30 of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment depicted inFIG. 3 , hobbleassembly 30 compriseshobble compensator assembly 40,bail clamp 50 and a connecting member having a finite length, such ascable 60. As discussed more fully below, hobblecompensator assembly 40 is pivotally pinned or otherwise rotatably mounted toelevators 10, whilebail clamp 50 is attached to bail 20 (typically on substantiallycylindrical body member 22 of bail 20).Cable 60 connects saidbail clamp 50 to hobblecompensator assembly 40. It is to be observed that said connecting member can alternatively comprise a chain, wire rope or other device having desired flexibility and strength characteristics. -
FIG. 4 depicts a side view ofelevators 10 equipped withhobble assembly 30 of the present invention grippingpipe section 100. Elevator slips (not visible inFIG. 4 ) are in a “set” or engaged position; as such, said elevator slips are retracted withinelevators 10 allowing saidelevators 10 to grip the outer surface ofpipe section 100. As depicted inFIG. 4 , saidpipe section 100 is tilted from vertical and is not oriented in linear alignment with the travel path ofelevators 10. Such tilt ofpipe section 100 increases non-axial loading on saidelevators 10 which can create an unsafe condition for nearby personnel. -
FIG. 5 depicts a side perspective view ofbail clamp 50 of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment,bail clamp 50 comprises a pair of opposingsemi-cylindrical members hinge pin 53. A first substantiallyplanar flange member 54 having a plurality ofapertures 56 disposed there through extends fromsemi-cylindrical member 52. Similarly, a second substantiallyplanar flange member 55 having a plurality ofapertures 56 disposed there through extends fromsemi-cylindrical member 51. In a preferred embodiment,flange member 55 has sloped or taperededges 59 definingapex section 57, as well asanchor hole 58 disposed near saidapex section 57 and extending through saidflange member 55. - In a preferred embodiment, opposing
semi-cylindrical members planar flange members bores 56 of each flange member being aligned. Bolts or other rigid fasteners can be used to secure saidplanar flange members Anchor hole 58 provides a rigid anchor point for attaching a shackle or other similar anchoring device. -
FIG. 6 depicts a side sectional view ofhobble compensator assembly 40 of the present invention. As depicted inFIG. 6 , hobblecompensator assembly 40 comprises anouter housing 41 defining an inner void or chamber, and havinghousing base 48.Rod 42, havingeye nut 45 at one end andspring base 43 at the opposite end, is slidably disposed within said inner chamber ofhousing 41;rod 42 can extend or retract relative tohousing 41.Compression spring 44 is mounted within said inner chamber ofhousing 41 onspring base 43.End connection member 46 havingbore 47 is disposed nearhousing base 48. - Referring back to
FIG. 4 ,elevators 10 are equipped withhobble assembly 30 of the present invention; although not visible inFIG. 4 , elevator slips 12 ofelevators 10 are engaged andgripping pipe section 100. Bailclamp 50 is secured tobody section 22 of abail 20, whileend connection member 46 ofhobble compensation assembly 40 is pivotally mounted to the outer surface ofelevators 10.Shackle 61 is rotatably connected to anchorhole 58 offlange member 55. Sloped edges 59 of saidflange member 55 permit a wide range of rotation of saidshackle 61 within said anchor hole. Similarly, shackle 62 is rotatably connected to eyenut 45 ofhobble compensator assembly 40.Cable 60 having a finite length extends fromshackle 61 to shackle 62 and is secured at each end to said shackles. - Tension of
cable 60 can be adjusted by selectively setting the vertical position ofbail clamp 50 onbody member 22 ofbail 20. In a preferred embodiment, saidbail clamp 50 is positioned onbail 20 so thatelevators 10 are maintained in a substantially level position without compression spring 44 (not visible inFIG. 4 ) ofhobble compensator assembly 40 being compressed (even, for example, when elevator slips 12 are in an upward or disengaged position). - As depicted in
FIG. 4 ,pipe section 100, which is gripped byelevators 10, is not in vertical orientation. As such, saidpipe section 100 imposes forces onelevators 10 that are not aligned with the longitudinal axis of saidpipe section 100. When such forces overcome the bias forces ofcompression spring 44,rod 42 ofhobble compression assembly 40 can extend (whilecompression spring 44 contracts or compresses within housing 41), thereby allowingelevators 10 to tilt or rotate withinlower loop 21 ofbails 20. - After
pipe section 100 has been lowered a desired distance into a well, a set of spider slips can be set in order to suspend the weight of the pipe string. At this point, slips (12) ofelevators 10 can be released or disengaged from saidpipe section 100, and saidelevators 10 can be raised off the upper end ofpipe section 100. With no pipe engaged withinelevators 10,hobble assembly 30returns elevators 10 to a substantially level orientation. - The above-described invention has a number of particular features that should preferably be employed in combination, although each is useful separately without departure from the scope of the invention. While the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown and described herein, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise than herein specifically illustrated or described, and that certain changes in form and arrangement of parts and the specific manner of practicing the invention may be made within the underlying idea or principles of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. An apparatus for hobbling elevators comprising:
a) a clamp mounted to at least one bail;
b) a compensating assembly mounted to said elevators;
c) a connecting member having a first end, a second end and a fixed length, wherein said first end is connected to said clamp and said second member is connected to said compensating assembly.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said connecting member comprises a cable.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said connecting member comprises a chain.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said compensating assembly comprises:
a) a housing;
b) a rod movably disposed in said housing; and
c) a compression spring disposed around said rod and biasing said rod toward a retracted position.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said clamp comprises:
a) a first semi-cylindrical member having a first side and a second side;
b) a flange member, having at least one aperture, extending from said first side of said first semi-cylindrical member;
c) a second semi-cylindrical member having a first side and a second side, wherein said second side of said second semi-cylindrical member is hingedly attached to the second side of said first semi-cylindrical member; and
d) a flange member, having at least one aperture, extending from said first side of said second semi-cylindrical member.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein at least one of said flange members has tapered surfaces defining an apex.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said compensating assembly is rotatably mounted to said elevators.
8. A method for hobbling elevators comprising:
a) mounting a clamp to at least one bail;
b) mounting a compensating assembly to said elevators;
c) attaching a connecting member between said clamp and said compensating assembly.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said connecting member comprises a cable.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein said connecting member comprises a chain.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein said compensating assembly comprises:
a) a housing;
b) a rod movably disposed in said housing; and
c) a compression spring disposed around said rod and biasing said rod toward a retracted position.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein said clamp comprises:
a) a first semi-cylindrical member having a first side and a second side;
b) a flange member, having at least one aperture, extending from said first side of said first semi-cylindrical member;
c) a second semi-cylindrical member having a first side and a second side, wherein said second side of said second semi-cylindrical member is hingedly attached to the second side of said first semi-cylindrical member; and
d) a flange member, having at least one aperture, extending from said first side of said second semi-cylindrical member.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein at least one of said flange members has tapered surfaces defining an apex.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/057,505 US20140110135A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2013-10-18 | Method and Apparatus for Elevator Hobble Compensation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261715910P | 2012-10-19 | 2012-10-19 | |
US14/057,505 US20140110135A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2013-10-18 | Method and Apparatus for Elevator Hobble Compensation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20140110135A1 true US20140110135A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
Family
ID=50484304
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/057,505 Abandoned US20140110135A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2013-10-18 | Method and Apparatus for Elevator Hobble Compensation |
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US (1) | US20140110135A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105370223A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-02 | 吉林大学 | Drill pipe screw thread protector |
CN106050166A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南三石油科技有限公司 | Equipment for petroleum drilling and exploitation and elevator |
NL2017504B1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-14 | Noord Jan | Device and method for suspending loads from a bail of an elevator of a drilling rig, and corresponding drilling rig assembly |
US10352112B2 (en) | 2016-08-04 | 2019-07-16 | Jan Noord | Device and method for suspending loads from a bail of an elevator of a drilling rig, and corresponding drilling rig assembly |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2354217A (en) * | 1941-12-09 | 1944-07-25 | Byron Jackson Co | Elevator device |
US3061356A (en) * | 1959-07-29 | 1962-10-30 | Joy Mfg Co | Elevator |
US4489794A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1984-12-25 | Varco International, Inc. | Link tilting mechanism for well rigs |
US4625796A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-12-02 | Varco International, Inc. | Well pipe stabbing and back-up apparatus |
US20090101331A1 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-23 | Angelle Jeremy R | Stabilizer for pipe handling equipment |
US20100080670A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | Premiere, Inc. | Pipe handling apparatus |
US20100200221A1 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-12 | David Sipos | Shoulder-Type Elevator and Method of Use |
-
2013
- 2013-10-18 US US14/057,505 patent/US20140110135A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2354217A (en) * | 1941-12-09 | 1944-07-25 | Byron Jackson Co | Elevator device |
US3061356A (en) * | 1959-07-29 | 1962-10-30 | Joy Mfg Co | Elevator |
US4489794A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1984-12-25 | Varco International, Inc. | Link tilting mechanism for well rigs |
US4625796A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-12-02 | Varco International, Inc. | Well pipe stabbing and back-up apparatus |
US20090101331A1 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-23 | Angelle Jeremy R | Stabilizer for pipe handling equipment |
US20100080670A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | Premiere, Inc. | Pipe handling apparatus |
US20100200221A1 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-12 | David Sipos | Shoulder-Type Elevator and Method of Use |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105370223A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-02 | 吉林大学 | Drill pipe screw thread protector |
CN106050166A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南三石油科技有限公司 | Equipment for petroleum drilling and exploitation and elevator |
NL2017504B1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-14 | Noord Jan | Device and method for suspending loads from a bail of an elevator of a drilling rig, and corresponding drilling rig assembly |
US10352112B2 (en) | 2016-08-04 | 2019-07-16 | Jan Noord | Device and method for suspending loads from a bail of an elevator of a drilling rig, and corresponding drilling rig assembly |
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Owner name: PREMIERE, INC., LOUISIANA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MEAUX, JEREMY S.;REEL/FRAME:034514/0132 Effective date: 20131018 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
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