US20130277888A1 - Process for thermoforming infusion packets - Google Patents
Process for thermoforming infusion packets Download PDFInfo
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- US20130277888A1 US20130277888A1 US13/977,971 US201113977971A US2013277888A1 US 20130277888 A1 US20130277888 A1 US 20130277888A1 US 201113977971 A US201113977971 A US 201113977971A US 2013277888 A1 US2013277888 A1 US 2013277888A1
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- thermoplastic material
- mould
- process according
- temperature
- thermoforming
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B29/00—Packaging of materials presenting special problems
- B65B29/02—Packaging of substances, e.g. tea, which are intended to be infused in the package
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
- B29C51/004—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/265—Auxiliary operations during the thermoforming operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
- B29C51/421—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
- B29C51/428—Heating or cooling of moulds or mould parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
- B65B11/50—Enclosing articles, or quantities of material, by disposing contents between two sheets, e.g. pocketed sheets, and securing their opposed free margins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B29/00—Packaging of materials presenting special problems
- B65B29/02—Packaging of substances, e.g. tea, which are intended to be infused in the package
- B65B29/028—Packaging of substances, e.g. tea, which are intended to be infused in the package packaging infusion material into filter bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B47/00—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved
- B65B47/02—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved with means for heating the material prior to forming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0065—Permeability to gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0068—Permeability to liquids; Adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7122—Tea bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
- B65D85/804—Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package
- B65D85/808—Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package for immersion in the liquid to release part or all of their contents, e.g. tea bags
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the manufacture of packets, in particular to infusion packets such as tea bags having a pre-determined three-dimensional shape.
- infusion packets such as tea bags were available primarily as square or round two-ply sheets of porous filter material, typically made of paper, with the infusible material, such as tea, sandwiched between the sheets.
- Such packets restrict the flow of infusible material within the packet substantially to two dimensions. As a result the infusion performance of such packets is limited.
- the tetrahedral shape is conventionally formed by making mutually perpendicular transverse seals in a tube of filter material and apparatus designed for such manufacture is ill-suited to the manufacture of other three-dimensional shapes.
- thermoforming processes whilst capable of generating a variety of three-dimensional shapes, are not suitable for use with infusion packet material.
- infusion packets are most commonly made of paper, which is not thermoformable. Secondly, even if they were made from a thermoformable material, they would be inappropriate for thermoforming due to their porosity and thinness of the material.
- thermoforming processes involve a first step of heating the material followed by a second step of thermoforming the material.
- the very small heat capacity of infusion packet material means that any heating will quickly be lost and so this approach will not work.
- the porosity of the material prevents the use of air pressure to form the material.
- Known thermoforming techniques typically involve the use of air pressure to form the material.
- the porosity of infusion packet material makes this approach impractical, as any difference in air pressure across the material will quickly equalise.
- thermoforming is not a practical method of generating a wide variety of three-dimensional shapes from infusion packet material.
- thermoforming process that can produce three-dimensional shapes from infusion packet material.
- the invention relates to a process for thermoforming a gas and liquid permeable layer of thermoplastic material having an average thickness of less than 1.0 mm, the process comprising the steps of bringing the layer of thermoplastic material, at a temperature below that required for thermoforming, into contact with a mould at a temperature above that of a thermoforming temperature of the thermoplastic material; pressing the mould into contact with the layer of thermoplastic material, the contact between mould and thermoplastic material causing heat to transfer from the mould to the thermoplastic material and raising the temperature of the thermoplastic material to a thermoformable temperature; such pressing thereby causing thermoforming of the thermoplastic material to conform to the shape of the mould.
- thermoforming no heating of the thermoplastic material is carried out until thermoforming begins.
- thermoplastic material has such a low capacity to store heat, this means that it will rapidly heat up once it comes into contact with the heated mould.
- the invention takes the disadvantage of having a very low heat capacity and utilises this feature to develop a very effective thermoforming method for such materials.
- thermoplastic material exhibits plastic deformation behaviour over a wide range of temperatures, preferably over a temperature range of at least 20° C., more preferably over a temperature range of at least 40° C.
- thermoplastic material may be made from a wide variety of materials, however polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly lactic acid (PLA) are preferred. Poly lactic acid (PLA) is particularly preferred due to it exhibiting plastic deformation over a wide range of temperatures.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PLA poly lactic acid
- the mould is preferably significantly hotter than the thermoplastic material.
- the temperature difference between the mould and the thermoplastic material before coming into contact with the mould is greater than 40° C., preferably greater than 60° C., more preferably from 80° C. to 200° C.
- the thermoplastic material is at room temperature prior to contact with the heated mould.
- the thermoplastic material before coming into contact with the mould is at a temperature of from 15° C. to 35° C.
- the material will be very thin.
- the thermoplastic material has an average thickness of less than 0.5 mm, more preferably less than 0.20 mm, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.10 mm.
- the thermoplastic material may be made from a variety of designs, but is preferably made from fibres of thermoplastic material, more particularly from woven thermoplastic fibres. Such fibres may have a diameter of less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, more preferably less than 0.10 mm, most preferably from 0.001 to 0.05 mm.
- thermoforming is sufficient to allow the thermoplastic material to deform under thermoforming stresses. Therefore, the temperature of the mould is preferably at least 100° C., more preferably from 120° C. to 210° C. so that the resulting material can tolerate temperatures up to this level without shrinking back to its original sheet form.
- thermoformed thermoplastic material is preferably gas and liquid permeable.
- thermoformed thermoplastic material is permeable to aqueous liquids.
- the process according to the present invention is capable of generating three-dimensional shapes which can then be used as infusion packet material.
- shapes such as tetrahedral, hemispherical and the like are possible.
- the process is generally followed by the step of depositing a particulate product, typically comprising infusible entities such as tea leaves, into the thermoformed thermoplastic material. This step is then typically followed by sealing the thermoformed material to produce a sealed porous infusion packet.
- a particulate product typically comprising infusible entities such as tea leaves
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of thermoforming apparatus suitable for carrying out a process according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the same apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 during carrying out a process according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a woven sheet of 50 micrometres thick poly lactic acid 10 clamped in place by upper clamps 12 and lower clamps 14 .
- the woven sheet 10 is at 20° C.
- a male former 16 Positioned above the woven sheet is a male former 16 , at a temperature of 120° C.
- the male former 16 moves downwards to come into contact with the woven sheet 10 .
- the portion of the woven sheet 10 that come into contact with the male former 16 rapidly heat up to 120° C. due to its very low heat capacity.
- the male former continues to move downwards, heating and thermoforming the woven sheet simultaneously, until the male former is in the position shown in FIG. 2 .
- the male former retracts and the woven sheet rapidly cools and sets, again due to its very low heat capacity.
Abstract
Provided is a process for thermoforming a gas and liquid permeable layer (10) of thermoplastic material having an average thickness of less than 1.0 mm, the process comprising the steps of bringing the layer of thermoplastic material, at a temperature below that required for thermoforming, into contact with a mould (16) at a temperature above that of a thermoforming temperature of the thermoplastic material; pressing the mould into contact with the layer of thermoplastic material, the contact between mould and thermoplastic material causing heat to transfer from the mould to the thermoplastic material and raising the temperature of the thermoplastic material to a thermoformable temperature; such pressing thereby causing thermoforming of the thermoplastic material to conform to the shape of the mould.
Description
- The present invention relates to the manufacture of packets, in particular to infusion packets such as tea bags having a pre-determined three-dimensional shape.
- For many years infusion packets, such as tea bags were available primarily as square or round two-ply sheets of porous filter material, typically made of paper, with the infusible material, such as tea, sandwiched between the sheets. Such packets restrict the flow of infusible material within the packet substantially to two dimensions. As a result the infusion performance of such packets is limited.
- Thus the past few decades have seen the development of mass-produced infusion packets which have a more three-dimensional shape and which allow the infusible substance more room to move. Of particular success have been the tetrahedral-shaped packets such as those described in the international patent applications published as WO 95/01907 (Unilever) and WO 2004/033303 (I.M.A. SPA).
- In the manufacture of tetrahedral packets, the tetrahedral shape is conventionally formed by making mutually perpendicular transverse seals in a tube of filter material and apparatus designed for such manufacture is ill-suited to the manufacture of other three-dimensional shapes.
- Therefore, it would be desirable to develop a process which can manufacture a variety of three-dimensional shapes.
- It should be noted that in specifying any range of values, any particular upper value can be associated with any particular lower value.
- For the avoidance of doubt, the word “comprising” is intended to mean “including” but not necessarily “consisting of” or “composed of”. In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive.
- The disclosure of the invention as found herein is to be considered to cover all embodiments as found in the claims as being multiply dependent upon each other irrespective of the fact that claims may be found without multiple dependency or redundancy.
- The inventors have realised that known thermoforming processes, whilst capable of generating a variety of three-dimensional shapes, are not suitable for use with infusion packet material.
- Firstly, infusion packets are most commonly made of paper, which is not thermoformable. Secondly, even if they were made from a thermoformable material, they would be inappropriate for thermoforming due to their porosity and thinness of the material.
- Known thermoforming processes involve a first step of heating the material followed by a second step of thermoforming the material. The very small heat capacity of infusion packet material means that any heating will quickly be lost and so this approach will not work.
- Even if a way of solving the heating problem could be found, the porosity of the material prevents the use of air pressure to form the material. Known thermoforming techniques typically involve the use of air pressure to form the material. However, the porosity of infusion packet material makes this approach impractical, as any difference in air pressure across the material will quickly equalise.
- If air pressure is not used, and a mould was pressed into the material then only a limited number of three-dimensional shapes could be formed due to the fragility of any porous and thin infusion packet material.
- Thus, it would seem that thermoforming is not a practical method of generating a wide variety of three-dimensional shapes from infusion packet material.
- However, surprisingly the present inventors have overcome these barriers and developed a thermoforming process that can produce three-dimensional shapes from infusion packet material.
- Thus, the invention relates to a process for thermoforming a gas and liquid permeable layer of thermoplastic material having an average thickness of less than 1.0 mm, the process comprising the steps of bringing the layer of thermoplastic material, at a temperature below that required for thermoforming, into contact with a mould at a temperature above that of a thermoforming temperature of the thermoplastic material; pressing the mould into contact with the layer of thermoplastic material, the contact between mould and thermoplastic material causing heat to transfer from the mould to the thermoplastic material and raising the temperature of the thermoplastic material to a thermoformable temperature; such pressing thereby causing thermoforming of the thermoplastic material to conform to the shape of the mould.
- Thus, no heating of the thermoplastic material is carried out until thermoforming begins. As the thermoplastic material has such a low capacity to store heat, this means that it will rapidly heat up once it comes into contact with the heated mould. Thus, the invention takes the disadvantage of having a very low heat capacity and utilises this feature to develop a very effective thermoforming method for such materials.
- As the temperature of the thermoplastic material is only indirectly controlled due to heating from the mould, variations in the temperature will exist during thermoforming. Thus, it is preferably that the thermoplastic material exhibits plastic deformation behaviour over a wide range of temperatures, preferably over a temperature range of at least 20° C., more preferably over a temperature range of at least 40° C.
- The thermoplastic material may be made from a wide variety of materials, however polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly lactic acid (PLA) are preferred. Poly lactic acid (PLA) is particularly preferred due to it exhibiting plastic deformation over a wide range of temperatures.
- In order for the process to be effective, the mould is preferably significantly hotter than the thermoplastic material. Thus, preferably the temperature difference between the mould and the thermoplastic material before coming into contact with the mould is greater than 40° C., preferably greater than 60° C., more preferably from 80° C. to 200° C.
- In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic material is at room temperature prior to contact with the heated mould. Thus, the thermoplastic material before coming into contact with the mould is at a temperature of from 15° C. to 35° C.
- As the primary application of the formed materials is as infusion packets, typically the material will be very thin. Thus, preferably the thermoplastic material has an average thickness of less than 0.5 mm, more preferably less than 0.20 mm, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.10 mm.
- The thermoplastic material may be made from a variety of designs, but is preferably made from fibres of thermoplastic material, more particularly from woven thermoplastic fibres. Such fibres may have a diameter of less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, more preferably less than 0.10 mm, most preferably from 0.001 to 0.05 mm.
- The temperature of thermoforming is sufficient to allow the thermoplastic material to deform under thermoforming stresses. Therefore, the temperature of the mould is preferably at least 100° C., more preferably from 120° C. to 210° C. so that the resulting material can tolerate temperatures up to this level without shrinking back to its original sheet form.
- The primary application of the formed materials is as infusion packets, therefore the thermoformed thermoplastic material is preferably gas and liquid permeable. In particular, it is preferred that the thermoformed thermoplastic material is permeable to aqueous liquids.
- The process according to the present invention is capable of generating three-dimensional shapes which can then be used as infusion packet material. For example, shapes such as tetrahedral, hemispherical and the like are possible.
- Thus, the process is generally followed by the step of depositing a particulate product, typically comprising infusible entities such as tea leaves, into the thermoformed thermoplastic material. This step is then typically followed by sealing the thermoformed material to produce a sealed porous infusion packet.
- The invention will now by illustrated by way of example and with reference to the following figures, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of thermoforming apparatus suitable for carrying out a process according to the present invention -
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the same apparatus as shown inFIG. 1 during carrying out a process according to the present invention. - Turning to the figures,
FIG. 1 shows a woven sheet of 50 micrometres thick polylactic acid 10 clamped in place byupper clamps 12 andlower clamps 14. Thewoven sheet 10 is at 20° C. - Positioned above the woven sheet is a male former 16, at a temperature of 120° C.
- In use, the male former 16 moves downwards to come into contact with the
woven sheet 10. As it makes contact, the portion of thewoven sheet 10 that come into contact with the male former 16 rapidly heat up to 120° C. due to its very low heat capacity. - The male former continues to move downwards, heating and thermoforming the woven sheet simultaneously, until the male former is in the position shown in
FIG. 2 . - Once the
woven sheet 10 is fully thermoformed, the male former retracts and the woven sheet rapidly cools and sets, again due to its very low heat capacity.
Claims (13)
1. A process for thermoforming a gas and liquid permeable layer of thermoplastic material having an average thickness of less than 1.0 mm, the process comprising the steps of bringing the layer of thermoplastic material, at a temperature below that required for thermoforming, into contact with a mould at a temperature above that of a thermoforming temperature of the thermoplastic material; pressing the mould into contact with the layer of thermoplastic material, the contact between mould and thermoplastic material causing heat to transfer from the mould to the thermoplastic material and raising the temperature of the thermoplastic material to a thermoformable temperature; such pressing thereby causing thermoforming of the thermoplastic material to conform to the shape of the mould, followed by the step of depositing a particulate product into the thermoformed thermoplastic material.
2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material exhibits plastic deformation behaviour over a temperature range of at least 20° C., preferably over a temperature range of at least 40° C.
3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises polyethylene terephthalate or poly lactic acid.
4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature difference between the mould and the thermoplastic material before coming into contact with the mould is greater than 40° C., preferably greater than 60° C., more preferably greater than 80° C.
5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material, before coming into contact with the mould, is at a temperature of from 15° C. to 35° C.
6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material has an average thickness of less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0,20 mm, more preferably less than 0.10 mm.
7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material is made from fibres of thermoplastic material.
8. A process according to claim 7 , wherein the fibres are woven thermoplastic fibres.
9. A process according to claim 8 , wherein the fibres have a diameter of less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, more preferably less than 0.10 mm, most preferably less than 0.05 mm.
10. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the mould is at least 100° C., more preferably at least 120° C.
11. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material is formed into a tetrahedral or hemispherical shape.
12. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate product comprises infusible entities such as tea leaves.
13. A process according to claim 12 , which is followed by sealing the thermoformed material to produce a sealed porous infusion packet.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11150813.1 | 2011-01-13 | ||
EP11150813 | 2011-01-13 | ||
PCT/EP2011/072030 WO2012095223A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-12-07 | Process for thermoforming infusion packets |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2011/072030 A-371-Of-International WO2012095223A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-12-07 | Process for thermoforming infusion packets |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US15/270,404 Division US10589884B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2016-09-20 | Process and apparatus for producing packets |
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US20130277888A1 true US20130277888A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
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Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/977,971 Abandoned US20130277888A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-12-07 | Process for thermoforming infusion packets |
US15/270,404 Active 2032-09-03 US10589884B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2016-09-20 | Process and apparatus for producing packets |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/270,404 Active 2032-09-03 US10589884B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2016-09-20 | Process and apparatus for producing packets |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20130277888A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2663447B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5944410B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103313837B (en) |
EA (1) | EA025853B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2663447T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012095223A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140290184A1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-10-02 | Tiremo Inc. | Method for manufacturing stick-type tea bag |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20140263033A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | 2266170 Ontario Inc. | Process For Forming A Three-Dimensional Non-Woven Structure |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2014503395A (en) | 2014-02-13 |
JP5944410B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
EP2663447B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
CN103313837A (en) | 2013-09-18 |
EP2663447A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
WO2012095223A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
EA025853B1 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
PL2663447T3 (en) | 2015-10-30 |
CN103313837B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
EA201391036A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
US20170008653A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
US10589884B2 (en) | 2020-03-17 |
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