US20130200797A1 - Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes - Google Patents
Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes Download PDFInfo
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- US20130200797A1 US20130200797A1 US13/836,825 US201313836825A US2013200797A1 US 20130200797 A1 US20130200797 A1 US 20130200797A1 US 201313836825 A US201313836825 A US 201313836825A US 2013200797 A1 US2013200797 A1 US 2013200797A1
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- Prior art keywords
- light source
- connector
- light
- circuit board
- housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
- F21K9/27—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with two fittings for each light source, e.g. for substitution of fluorescent tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
- F21K9/27—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with two fittings for each light source, e.g. for substitution of fluorescent tubes
- F21K9/272—Details of end parts, i.e. the parts that connect the light source to a fitting; Arrangement of components within end parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
- F21V19/001—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders the light sources being semiconductors devices, e.g. LEDs
- F21V19/003—Fastening of light source holders, e.g. of circuit boards or substrates holding light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
- F21V23/06—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being coupling devices, e.g. connectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
- F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
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- H05B33/0806—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
- H05B45/325—Pulse-width modulation [PWM]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
- F21V19/0075—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of tubular light sources, e.g. ring-shaped fluorescent light sources
- F21V19/008—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of tubular light sources, e.g. ring-shaped fluorescent light sources of straight tubular light sources, e.g. straight fluorescent tubes, soffit lamps
- F21V19/0085—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of tubular light sources, e.g. ring-shaped fluorescent light sources of straight tubular light sources, e.g. straight fluorescent tubes, soffit lamps at least one conductive element acting as a support means, e.g. resilient contact blades, piston-like contact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/85—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems characterised by the material
- F21V29/86—Ceramics or glass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/85—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems characterised by the material
- F21V29/89—Metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
- F21Y2115/15—Organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/10—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers
- H01L25/13—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
Abstract
Taught herein are various light sources using light emitting diodes. A light source includes a housing, a connector configured for connection to an electrical socket and coupled to an end of the housing, at least one organic light emitting diode sheet mounted inside the housing and in electrical communication with the connector, and a power supply circuit for supplying electrical current to the at least one organic light emitting diode through the connector.
Description
- This Application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/242,033, filed Sep. 30, 2008, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 11/007,417, filed Dec. 8, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,093,823, issued Jan. 10, 2012, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/782,375, filed Feb. 12, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,049,761, issued May 23, 2006, which claims priority to provisional Application Ser. No. 60/181,744, filed Feb. 11, 2000.
- The present invention relates to light sources incorporating light emitting diodes.
- All lighting systems have shortcomings. Conventional fluorescent lighting systems include, for example, light sources such as fluorescent light tubes and ballasts. Fluorescent lighting systems are used in a variety of locations, such as buildings and transit buses, for a variety of lighting purposes, such as area lighting or backlighting. Such systems have some advantage over incandescent lighting systems, which include light sources such as light bulbs incorporating filaments. Fluorescent lighting systems, for example, generate less heat. On the other hand, the light generated by fluorescent lighting systems is less desirable in many applications than incandescent lighting systems because conventional fluorescent lighting systems generally produce a cooler light that has more blue and less red than incandescent lighting systems. Conventional fluorescent and incandescent lighting systems can also include fragile components. Fluorescent light tubes, in particular, have a short life expectancy, are prone to fail when subjected to excessive vibration, consume high amounts of power, require a high operating voltage and include several electrical connections that reduce reliability. Conventional ballasts are highly prone to fail when subjected to excessive vibration.
- The present invention includes replacements for conventional light sources such as fluorescent light tubes and incandescent light bulbs that overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. Specifically, the invention comprises various light sources incorporating light emitting diodes. Light emitting diodes can be manufactured that have superior color rendering than most fluorescent lamps, which improves the usability and aesthetic qualities of the light. In addition, light emitting diodes are less fragile than incandescent and fluorescent lighting components.
- A first embodiment of the light source according to the present invention comprises a housing portion, a connector disposed at an end of the housing portion, at least one organic light emitting diode sheet surrounded by at least a portion of the housing portion, the at least one organic light emitting diode sheet in electrical communication with the connector, and a power supply circuit for supplying electrical current to the at least one organic light emitting diode sheet through the connector. The housing portion can comprise a rigid hollow bulb made of glass or plastic, for example, or can comprise a clear or tinted potting material or a thin conformal coating. The organic light emitting diode sheet(s) can be flexible. Other variations of this embodiment are possible and are described in more detail herein.
- A second embodiment of the light source according to the present invention comprises a housing portion formed of a coating material, a connector disposed at an end of the housing portion, a plurality of light emitting diodes surrounded by the housing portion and mounted on a circuit board, the plurality of light emitting diodes electrically coupled to the connector, and a power supply circuit for supplying electrical current to the plurality of light emitting diodes, the power supply circuit electrically coupled to the connector. The coating material can be a clear or tinted potting material or can be a thin conformal coating for the circuit board and light emitting diodes. At least part of the power supply circuit can be mounted on the circuit board. Other variations of this embodiment are also possible and are described in more detail herein.
- A second embodiment of the light source according to the present invention comprises a connector adapted to be coupled to an electrical socket, a circuit board extending from the connector, at least one light emitting diode mounted on the circuit board and in electrical communication with the connector, the at least one light emitting diode exposed to an ambient environment external of the light source, and a power supply circuit for supplying electrical current to the at least one light emitting diode through the connector.
- Other embodiments are described in more detail herein.
- The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
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FIG. 1 is a line drawing showing a light tube, in perspective view, which in accordance with the present invention is illuminated by LEDs packaged inside the light tube; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the LEDs mounted on a circuit board; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 2 taken along lines 3-3 with the addition of optional heat sinks; -
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention showing one end of the light tube disconnected from one end of a light tube socket; -
FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram of a first power supply circuit for supplying current to power a light source incorporating LEDs; -
FIG. 6 is an electrical schematic of a switching power supply type current limiter; -
FIG. 7 is an electrical block diagram of a second power supply circuit for supplying current to power a light source incorporating LEDs; -
FIG. 8 is an electrical block diagram of a third power supply circuit for supplying current to power a light source incorporating LEDs; -
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention showing one end of a light tube disconnected from one end of the light tube socket; -
FIG. 10 is an electrical block diagram of a fourth power supply circuit for supplying current to power a light source incorporating LEDs; -
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary, perspective view similar toFIG. 4 showing another embodiment of the circuit board; -
FIG. 12 is a line drawing showing a light bulb, in perspective view, which in accordance with the present invention is illuminated by LEDs packaged inside the light bulb; -
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 1 taken along lines 13-13; -
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a sheet comprising an organic light-emitting diode that can be incorporated into the light sources of the present invention; and -
FIG. 15 is an end view of a light tube omitting the end cap and electronics and incorporating an organic light-emitting diode. -
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a light source according to the invention in the form of alight tube 20. In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, thelight tube 20 is illuminated byLEDs 22 packaged inside thelight tube 20. Thelight tube 20 includes a cylindricallyshaped housing portion 24 having a pair ofend caps housing portion 24. Preferably, thehousing portion 24 is made from a transparent or translucent material such as glass, plastic, or the like. As such, the housing material may be either clear or frosted. - In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
light tube 20 has the same dimensions andend caps 26 and 28 (e.g., electrical male bi-pin connectors, type G13) as a conventional fluorescent light tube. As such, the present invention can be mounted in a conventional fluorescentlight tube socket 40 as shown inFIG. 4 .FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention showing one end of thelight tube 20 disconnected from one end of alight tube socket 40. Similar to conventional fluorescent lighting systems and in this embodiment of the present invention, thelight tube socket 40 includes a pair of electricalfemale connectors 42 and thelight tube 20 includes a pair of matingelectrical male connectors 44. - Alternatively, end caps with single-pin connectors, incorporating so-called “instant start” ballasts, as well as recessed double-pin connectors are also possible with suitable mounting sockets for this embodiment. Another possible connector and its related socket for a
light tube 20 are shown inFIG. 9 .FIG. 12 , discussed in more detail below, shows yet another connector in a different embodiment of the light source according to the present invention. Thelight tube 20 could also be in the form of a conventional round housing portion, i.e., the “doughnut” shaped bulb, with the 4-pin connector used with such bulbs. - Returning now to
FIG. 1 , the line drawing ofFIG. 1 also reveals the internal components of thelight tube 20. Thelight tube 20 further includes acircuit board 30 with theLEDs 22 mounted thereon. Thecircuit board 30 andLEDs 22 are enclosed inside thehousing portion 24 and the end caps 26 and 28. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of theLEDs 22 mounted on thecircuit board 30. A group ofLEDs 22, as shown inFIG. 2 , is commonly referred to as a bank or array of LEDs. Within the scope of the present invention, thelight tube 20 may include one or more banks or arrays ofLEDs 22 mounted on one ormore circuit boards 30. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, theLEDs 22 emit white light and, thus, are commonly referred to in the art as white LEDs. InFIGS. 1 and 2 , theLEDs 22 are mounted to onesurface 32 of thecircuit board 30. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, theLEDs 22 are arranged to emit or shine white light through only one side of thehousing portion 24, thus directing the white light to a predetermined point of use. This arrangement reduces light losses due to imperfect reflection in a conventional lighting fixture. In alternative embodiments of the present invention,LEDs 22 may also be mounted, in any combination, to theother surfaces circuit board 30. -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 2 taken along lines 3-3. To provide structural strength along the length of thelight tube 20, thecircuit board 30 shown is designed with an H-shaped cross-section that fits snugly into thelight tube 20. To produce a predetermined radiation pattern or dispersion of light from thelight tube 20, eachLED 22 is mounted at an angle relative to adjacent LEDs and/or the mountingsurface 32. The total radiation pattern of light from thelight tube 20 is affected by (1) the mounting angle of theLEDs 22 and (2) the radiation pattern of light from each LED. Currently, white LEDs having a viewing range between 6° and 120° are commercially available. Note thatFIG. 3 includesoptional heat sinks 35, not included inFIG. 2 , which extend from theside 34 of thecircuit board 30 opposed to theLEDs 22. The addition of the heat sinks 35 may be desirable in certain environments and where a large number ofLEDs 22 are incorporated. The heat sinks 35 could be made of metal, ceramic or other heat dissipating materials and, of course, could be incorporated in different numbers or configurations. - Although the
circuit board 30 as shown is H-shaped as discussed above, other shapes for thecircuit board 30 are possible. For example, thecircuit board 30 may be a conventionalflat circuit board 30 as shown inFIG. 11 . Note that thehousing portion 24 has been omitted, and the plurality ofLEDs 22 has been removed fromFIG. 11 for additional clarity. In such a configuration, theend 31 of thecircuit board 30 could be fixed within arecess 27 of theend cap 26 or otherwise fixed, such as by glue, to theend cap 26. In yet another embodiment, thecircuit board 30 could be a flexible circuit board in the form of a thin piece of Mylar or similar material, either laid on a mounting surface or arranged in a housing portion. - Additional support for the light emitting diodes and the circuit board may be provided in the embodiment of
FIG. 11 or any other embodiment by coating the board, such as, for example, potting theboard 30 by filling in the empty space around theboard 30 or part of theboard 30 with any known transparent, translucent or tinted material such as is shown inFIG. 12 . A conformal coating comprising a resin or other known materials could be used. By example,FIG. 12 shows a light source according to the invention in the form of a light bulb. The light bulb includes a housing portion 25 in the form of a conventional incandescent light bulb portion with a conventionalEdison screw connector 29 and aballast 33. Theconnector 29 would screw into a conventional base. Theballast 33 can be, for example, the ballast of a conventional self-ballasted compact fluorescent light bulb, or it could be merely an enclosure to incorporate control electronics as discussed in more detail herein. Theballast 33 could also be omitted with certain designs of the control electronics where the electronics would be incorporated into the housing portion 25, theconnector 29 or the base (not shown). Acircuit board 30 coupled to theballast 33 extends from theballast 33 into the housing portion 25. A plurality ofLEDs 22 is mounted on opposing sides of thecircuit board 30. The space between thecircuit board 30 and theLEDs 22 and the housing portion 25 is filled with slightly tintedmaterial 23. In some cases, as where thematerial 23 is tinted, the pottingmaterial 23 can provide the benefit of making the light from thediscrete LEDs 22 more diffuse. - The use of the
potting material 23 with the embodiment according toFIG. 1 is shown in the cross-sectional view ofFIG. 13 . It is worth noting that, as can be seen by reference toFIGS. 11-13 , the glass, plastic or the like that normally forms ahousing portion 24, 25 can be omitted. In controlled environments, thecircuit board 30 andLEDs 22 can be left unprotected. An alternative is to form the housing portion using a coating material such as the pottingmaterial 23 or a conformal coating molded over theLEDs 22 andcircuit board 30. Particularly advantageous can be the use ofpotting material 23 as shown inFIGS. 12 and 13 where thepotting material 23 forms a shape at least partially in the form of a conventional bulb.FIG. 12 shoes the potting material 12 shaped in as a conventional incandescent bulb and surrounded by a glass, plastic, etc. housing portion 25. If that housing portion 25 is omitted, the potting material 12 would form a housing portion for the light source.FIG. 13 shows the pottingmaterial 23 forming a shape that partially conforms to a conventional tube that would, if the part identified as thehousing portion 24 were omitted, form the housing portion. With respect toFIG. 13 , the pottingmaterial 23 could alternatively be molded around theentire circuit board 30 to complete the shape of the conventional tube and serve as the housing portion, which would simplify the couplings to theconnectors - Within the scope of the present invention, light sources such as the
light tube 20 may be powered by current supplied by one of at least fourpower supply circuits - In the embodiments presented, the power conditioning circuits are shown as a rectifier/filter circuit coupled to a PWM switch circuit, which is coupled to a current-limiting circuit. They constitute a particular topology for a switching power supply as an example, and the invention is not intended to be limited thereby. One skilled in the art, provided with the teachings and goals herein, would know how to modify the topology from that described herein.
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FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram of a firstpower supply circuit 100 for supplying current to the light sources. The firstpower supply circuit 100 is particularly adapted to operate within an existing, conventional fluorescent lighting system that incorporates a ballast. Using thelight tube 20 as an example, the firstpower supply circuit 100 includes a conventional fluorescentlight tube socket 40 having two electricalfemale connectors 42 disposed at opposite ends of the socket. Accordingly, alight tube 20 particularly adapted for use with the firstpower supply circuit 100 includes twoend caps male connector 44 which mates with a corresponding electricalfemale connector 42 in thesocket 40. - The first
power supply circuit 100 also includes apower source 46 and a conventional magnetic or electronicfluorescent ballast 48. Thepower source 46 supplies power from the conventionalfluorescent ballast 48 through the connectors for the light source such as theconnectors - The first
power supply circuit 100 further includes a rectifier/filter circuit 50, aPWM circuit 52, and one or more current-limitingcircuits 54. In this example, the rectifier/filter circuit 50, thePWM circuit 52, and the one or more current-limitingcircuits 54 of the firstpower supply circuit 100 are packaged inside one of the twoend caps light tube 20. The electronics described could be mounted with theballast circuit board 30. - The rectifier/
filter circuit 50 receives AC power from theballast 48 and converts the AC power to DC power. ThePWM circuit 52 receives the DC power from the rectifier/filter circuit 50 and pulse-width modulates the DC power to the one or more current-limitingcircuits 54. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, thePWM circuit 52 receives the DC power from the rectifier/filter circuit 50 and cyclically switches the DC power on and off to the one or more current-limitingcircuits 54. The DC power is switched on and off by thePWM circuit 52 at a frequency which causes the white light emitted from theLEDs 22 to appear, when viewed with a “naked” human eye, to shine continuously. The PWM duty cycle can be adjusted or varied by control circuitry (not shown) to maintain the power consumption of theLEDs 22 at safe levels. - The DC power is modulated for several reasons. First, the DC power is modulated to adjust the brightness or intensity of the white light emitted from the
LEDs 22 and, in turn, adjust the brightness or intensity of the white light emitted from the light source, herelight tube 20. Optionally, the brightness or intensity of the white light emitted from the light source may be adjusted by a user. Second, the DC power is modulated to regulate the intensity of light emitted from the light source to compensate for supply voltage fluctuations, ambient temperature changes, and other such factors that affect the intensity of white light emitted by theLEDs 22. Third, the DC power is modulated to raise the variations of the frequency of light above the nominal variation of 120 to 100 Hz thereby reducing illumination artifacts caused by low frequency light variations, including interactions with video screens. Fourth, the DC power may optionally be modulated to provide an alarm function wherein light from the light source cyclically flashes on and off. - The one or more current-limiting
circuits 54 receive the pulse-width modulated or switched DC power from thePWM circuit 52 and transmit a regulated amount of power to one or more arrays ofLEDs 22. Each current-limitingcircuit 54 powers a bank of one or morewhite LEDs 22. If a bank ofLEDs 22 consists of more than one LED, the LEDs are electrically connected in series in an anode to cathode arrangement. If brightness or intensity variation between theLEDs 22 can be tolerated, the LEDs can be electrically connected in parallel. - The one or more current-limiting
circuits 54 may include (1) a resistor, (2) a current-limiting semiconductor circuit, or (3) a switching power supply-type current limiter. Note that while it is desirable to includesuch circuits 54, in some circumstances the necessary current-limiting function may be performed by the inherent electrical characteristics of thefluorescent ballast 48 and/or the inherent electrical resistance of theLEDs 22. -
FIG. 6 is an electrical schematic of a switching power supply-typecurrent limiter 56. Thelimiter 56 includes aninductor 58, electrically connected in series between thePWM circuit 52 and the array ofLEDs 22, and apower diode 60, electrically connected betweenground 62 and a PWM circuit/inductor node 64. Thediode 60 is designed to begin conduction after thePWM circuit 52 is switched off. In this case, the value of theinductor 58 is adjusted in conjunction with the PWM duty cycle to provide the benefits described above. The switching power supply-typecurrent limiter 56 provides higher power efficiency than the other types of current-limiting circuits listed above. -
FIG. 7 is an electrical block diagram of a secondpower supply circuit 200 for supplying current to a light source according to the present invention. By example, the secondpower supply circuit 200 includes a conventional fluorescentlight tube socket 40 having two electricalfemale connectors 42 disposed at opposite ends of thesocket 40. Accordingly, alight tube 20 particularly adapted for use with the secondpower supply circuit 200 would include twoend caps male connector 44, which mates with a corresponding electricalfemale connector 42 in thesocket 40. - In the second
power supply circuit 200, thepower source 46 supplies power directly to the rectifier/filter circuit 50 through connectors, end caps 26, 28 orbase 29. The rectifier/filter circuit 50, thePWM circuit 52, and the one or more current-limitingcircuits 54 operate as described above to power the one or more arrays ofLEDs 22. The rectifier/filter circuit 50, thePWM circuit 52, and the one or more current-limitingcircuits 54 of the secondpower supply circuit 200 are preferably packaged inside the connectors, end caps 26, 28 orbase 29, or thehousing portion 24, 25 of the light source or inside the light socket(s) corresponding to the one or more connectors. This configuration has the benefit of eliminating theconventional ballast 48 from the circuit, allowing direct powering of the light source from a standard building or vehicle power supply. This allows improved efficiency and reduced maintenance cost over the conventional fluorescent system. -
FIG. 8 is an electrical block diagram of a thirdpower supply circuit 300 for supplying current to a light source according to the present invention. Similar to the first and secondpower supply circuits power supply circuit 300 can include a conventional fluorescentlight tube socket 40 having two electricalfemale connectors 42 disposed at opposite ends of thesocket 40. Accordingly, alight tube 20 particularly adapted for use with the thirdpower supply circuit 300 would include twoend caps male connector 44, which mates with a corresponding electricalfemale connector 42 in thesocket 40. - The third
power supply circuit 300 includes aDC power source 66, such as a vehicle battery. In the thirdpower supply circuit 300, theDC power source 66 supplies DC power directly to thePWM circuit 52. ThePWM circuit 52 and the one or more current-limitingcircuits 54 operate as described above to power the one or more arrays ofLEDs 22. In the thirdpower supply circuit 300, thePWM circuit 52 is preferably packaged in physical location typically occupied by aballast circuits 54 andLEDs 22 are preferably packaged inside a connector, either one of the twoend caps connector 29, or thehousing portion 24, 25. -
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing one end of thelight tube 20 disconnected from one end of thelight tube socket 40. In this embodiment of the present invention, thelight tube socket 40 includes a pair ofbrackets 68 and thelight tube 20 includes a pair ofend caps brackets 68. -
FIG. 10 is an electrical block diagram of a fourthpower supply circuit 400 for supplying current to the light sources. Unlike the first, second, and thirdpower supply circuits female connectors power supply circuit 400 is powered inductively. As such, the fourthpower supply circuit 400 includes alight tube socket 40 having twobrackets 68 disposed at opposite ends of thesocket 40 as shown inFIG. 9 . At least onebracket 68 includes aninductive transmitter 70. Accordingly, alight tube 20 particularly adapted for use with the fourthpower supply circuit 400 has twoend caps antenna 72. When thelight tube 20 is mounted in thelight tube socket 40, the at least oneinductive receiver 72 in thelight tube 20 is disposed adjacent to the at least oneinductive transmitter 70 in thelight tube socket 40. - The fourth
power supply circuit 400 includes thepower source 46 which supplies power to the at least oneinductive transmitter 70 in thelight tube socket 40. The at least onetransmitter 70 inductively supplies power to the at least onereceiver 72 in one of the end caps 26 and/or 28 of thelight tube 20. The at least oneinductive receiver 72 supplies power to the rectifier/filter circuit 50. The rectifier/filter circuit 50,PWM circuit 52, and the one or more current-limitingcircuits 54 operate as described above to power the one or more arrays ofLEDs 22. In this manner, thelight tube 20 is powered without a direct electrical connection. - The LEDs shown in drawing
FIGS. 1-3 , 12 and 13 are the common discrete components. However, the invention is not limited to these discrete components. For example, surface-mounted light-emitting diodes that omit the familiar bulb portion are also possible. Another option is the organic LED, which is formed of semiconducting organic polymers layers sandwiched between two conductors. In the instant invention, a single organic LED (OLED), which comprises varying numbers of arrays printed on a substrate, can be made in the form of a sheet such as therigid OLED sheet 35 shown inFIG. 14 . Thesheet 35 can be installed on or in place on the circuit boards described herein. An organic LED can also be formed on substrates comprising thin metal foils or flexible plastics. In this case, the organic LED is itself flexible and can be installed such that it is surrounded by a housing portion, such ashousing portion 24 oflight tube 20 by rolling a sheet comprising a flexibleorganic LED 37 and allowing it to form the shape of thehousing portion 24 as shown inFIG. 15 . Of course, in embodiments incorporating the organic LED, the housing portion can still be formed in whole or in part by a coating material such as the pottingmaterial 23 or the conforming layer.
Claims (14)
1. A light source comprising:
a housing;
a connector configured for connection to an electrical socket and coupled to an end of the housing;
at least one organic light emitting diode sheet mounted inside the housing and in electrical communication with the connector; and
a power supply circuit for supplying electrical current to the at least one organic light emitting diode through the connector.
2. The light source of claim 1 wherein the at least one organic light emitting diode sheet is at least one flexible sheet arranged into a curved shaped within the housing.
3. The light source of claim 2 wherein the at least one flexible sheet is a single organic light emitting diode sheet.
4. The light source of claim 1 wherein the connector comprises a first bi-pin electrical connector shaped to be coupled with a fluorescent light tube socket, the light source further comprising:
a second bi-pin electrical connector disposed at an opposing end of the circuit board from the first bi-pin electrical connector, the second bi-pin electrical connector shaped to be coupled with a fluorescent light tube socket.
5. The light source of claim 1 , further comprising:
a circuit board in electrical communication with the connector, the at least one organic light emitting diode sheet mounted in electrical communication with the circuit board.
6. The light source of claim 5 wherein the power supply circuit is mounted on the circuit board.
7. The light source of claim 1 wherein the power supply circuit comprises a rectifier for converting AC to DC power and a modulating circuit for modulating the DC power.
8. The light source of claim 1 wherein the at least one organic sheet is in contact with at least a portion of the housing and surrounded by at least a portion of the housing.
9. The light source of claim 8 wherein the power supply circuit comprises a rectifier for converting AC to DC power, at least one current-limiting circuit and means for modulating the DC power.
10. The light source of claim 9 wherein the connector comprises a first bi-pin electrical connector shaped to be coupled with a fluorescent light tube socket and wherein the housing portion is substantially tubular, the light source further comprising:
a second bi-pin electrical connector disposed at an opposing end of the hollow tube from the first bi-pin electrical connector, the second bi-pin electrical connector shaped to be coupled with a fluorescent light tube socket.
11. The light source of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises a potting material and wherein the potting material is one of clear and tinted.
12. The light source of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises a rigid hollow structure including at least one of glass and plastic.
13. The light source of claim 1 , further comprising:
a circuit board in electrical communication with the connector, the at least one organic light emitting diode sheet mounted in electrical communication with the circuit board; and
a heat sink extending from the circuit board to dissipate heat.
14. The light source of claim 13 wherein the heat sink is integral with the circuit board.
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US14/492,308 US20150009688A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2014-09-22 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
US15/880,892 US20180216785A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2018-01-26 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
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US18174400P | 2000-02-11 | 2000-02-11 | |
US09/782,375 US7049761B2 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2001-02-12 | Light tube and power supply circuit |
US11/007,417 US8093823B1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2004-12-08 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
US12/242,033 US8482212B1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2008-09-30 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
US13/836,825 US20130200797A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2013-03-15 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
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US13/836,825 Abandoned US20130200797A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2013-03-15 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
US14/492,308 Abandoned US20150009688A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2014-09-22 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
US15/880,892 Abandoned US20180216785A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2018-01-26 | Light sources incorporating light emitting diodes |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8093823B1 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
US20150009688A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
US20180216785A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
US8482212B1 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
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