US20120285894A1 - System and method for the treatment of wastewater - Google Patents
System and method for the treatment of wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- US20120285894A1 US20120285894A1 US13/470,915 US201213470915A US2012285894A1 US 20120285894 A1 US20120285894 A1 US 20120285894A1 US 201213470915 A US201213470915 A US 201213470915A US 2012285894 A1 US2012285894 A1 US 2012285894A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D3/00—Differential sedimentation
- B03D3/06—Flocculation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
- C02F1/686—Devices for dosing liquid additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/546,667, filed on Oct. 13, 2011 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/485,964, filed on May 13, 2011, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates generally to a system and method for the treatment of wastewater, and specifically to a system and method for removing suspended solids from wastewater.
- Construction sites, major industrial properties, riverbeds, caissons, mine shafts and the like have a tendency to collect wastewater. This wastewater must be removed to enable construction to take place on the construction site or cleaned to remove toxins and the like from riverbeds. The wastewater that collects in those locations contains dirt, soils and other solid particles. These solid particles create a high suspended solids level within the water. A standard way of measuring water quality for suspended solids is by turbidity readings as Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). Water that is removed from a wastewater site must comply with specific discharge limitations prior to being discharged to surface water, such as a fresh water stream or river. Thus, water that is removed from a wastewater site must have a regulated minimum NTU level prior to discharge.
- Oftentimes, wastewater also has a pH level that is either well above or well below accepted discharge limitations. Thus, wastewater must also be treated with pH adjustment chemicals in order to comply with the discharge limitations.
- Previous systems and methods for reducing suspended solids in wastewater rely on gravity separation of solids within a clarifier. Gravity separation involves treating the wastewater with chemicals and then allowing the treated wastewater to sit in a tank until the suspended solids separate from the wastewater by gravity. These gravity separation systems typically require a minimum retention time of about 30 minutes even with enhanced solids separation techniques.
- Thus, a need exists for a system and method for the treatment of wastewater that increases the speed at which the wastewater can be treated. Furthermore, a need also exists for a system and method for the treatment of wastewater that is fully automated. Further still, a need exists for a system and method for the treatment of wastewater that utilizes a minimum amount of chemicals to reduce pollutants and operating costs.
- These and other needs are met by the present invention, which is directed to a system and method for the treatment of wastewater. In one aspect, the invention can be a method of treating wastewater comprising: a) introducing wastewater having a first turbidity level into a wastewater treatment system; b) injecting an aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; c) removing the flocculated suspended solids from the wastewater to form a treated water having a second turbidity, the second turbidity being lower than the first turbidity; and wherein the aqueous polymer mixture of step b) is formed by introducing a raw polymer into a re-circulated portion of the treated water.
- In another aspect the invention can be a method of treating wastewater comprising: a) introducing wastewater into a treatment line of a wastewater treatment system; b) injecting a first aqueous polymer mixture from a batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture that is stored in a tank into the treatment line to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; c) removing the flocculated suspended solids from the wastewater to form a treated water; d) monitoring a liquid level of the batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture in the tank; and e) upon the liquid level reaching a pre-determined lower threshold, forming an additional amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture and adding the additional amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture to the batch until the liquid level rises to a predetermined upper threshold.
- In still another aspect, the invention can be a method of treating wastewater comprising: a) introducing wastewater into a treatment line of a wastewater treatment system; b) forming a batch of an aqueous polymer mixture in a tank, the batch having a maximum volume and the aqueous polymer mixture having a life cycle; c) injecting an aqueous polymer mixture from the batch into the treatment line at a flow rate to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; d) removing the flocculated suspended solids from the wastewater to form a treated water; and wherein the maximum volume is selected so that at least a single turnover of the batch is achieved within the life cycle of the aqueous polymer mixture.
- In a still further aspect, the invention can be a method of treating wastewater comprising: a) introducing wastewater into a wastewater treatment system at a flow rate; b) measuring a turbidity level of the wastewater; c) injecting an aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater at a flow rate to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; and wherein the flow rate of the aqueous polymer mixture injected into the wastewater in step c) is adjusted based on the measured turbidity level and the flow rate of the wastewater in step a).
- In an even further aspect, the invention can be a method of treating wastewater comprising: a) flowing the wastewater along an axis; b) injecting a polymer into the wastewater at multiple injection points to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater, the multiple injection points arranged in a circumferentially spaced apart manner about the axis; and c) removing the flocculated suspended solids from the wastewater to form a treated water.
- The invention may, in yet another aspect, be a method of flocculating suspended solids from wastewater comprising: a) flowing the wastewater along an axis through a polymer injector, the polymer injector comprising a plurality of injector nozzles arranged in a circumferentially spaced apart manner about the axis; and b) injecting an aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater via the plurality of injector nozzles.
- In yet another aspect, the invention can be a system for treating wastewater comprising: a treatment line having an inlet for introducing wastewater into the system and an outlet for discharging treated water from the system; a first polymer injector operably coupled to the treatment line to introduce a first aqueous polymer mixture into the treatment line to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; a separator operably coupled to the treatment line downstream of the first polymer injector to remove the flocculated suspended solids from the wastewater to form the treated water; a recirculation line operably coupled to the treatment line downstream of the separator and to the first polymer injector, the recirculation line recirculating at least a portion of the treated water; and wherein the system is configured to form the first aqueous polymer mixture from the recirculated portion of the treated water and a first raw polymer.
- In a further aspect, the invention can be a system for treating wastewater comprising: a treatment line having an inlet for introducing wastewater into the system and an outlet for discharging treated water from the system; a first tank containing a batch of a first aqueous polymer mixture; a first liquid level sensor operably coupled to the first tank to monitor a liquid level of the batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture; a first polymer injector operably coupled to the first tank and the treatment line to introduce the first aqueous polymer mixture into the treatment line to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; and the system configured to: (1) form an additional amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture and add the additional amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture to the batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture upon the first liquid level sensor detecting that the liquid level of the batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture is at a pre-determined lower threshold; and (2) cease formation and addition of the additional amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture to the batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture upon the first liquid level sensor detecting that the liquid level of the batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture is at a pre-determined upper threshold.
- In another aspect, the invention can be a system for treating wastewater comprising: a treatment line having an inlet for introducing wastewater into the system and an outlet for discharging treated water from the system; a first polymer tank containing a batch of a first aqueous polymer mixture, the batch having a maximum volume and the first aqueous polymer mixture having a life cycle; a first polymer injector operably coupled to the first polymer tank and the treatment line, the first polymer injector configured to introduce the first aqueous polymer mixture into the treatment line to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; and the system configured to achieve at least a single turnover of the maximum volume of the batch within the life cycle of the aqueous polymer mixture.
- The invention may also, in another aspect, be a system for treating wastewater comprising: a treatment line having an inlet for introducing wastewater into the system at a flow rate and an outlet for discharging treated water from the system; a turbidity sensor operably coupled to the treatment line to measure a turbidity level of the wastewater; a first polymer injector operably coupled to the treatment line downstream of the turbidity sensor to introduce a first aqueous polymer mixture into the treatment line at a flow rate; and the system configured to automatically adjust the flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture injected into the treatment line based on the measured turbidity level and the flow rate of the wastewater.
- In still another aspect, the invention can be a system for flocculating suspended solids in wastewater comprising: a conduit through which wastewater flows along an axis; a plurality of nozzles operably coupled to a source of a first polymer; and the plurality of nozzles arranged in a circumferentially spaced apart manner about the axis, the plurality of nozzles operably coupled to the conduit to inject the first polymer into the wastewater flowing through the conduit.
- Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
- The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a side view of a trailer housing a wastewater treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2A is a top view of the wastewater treatment system housed within the trailer ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 2B is a side view of the wastewater treatment system housed within the trailer ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wastewater treatment system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4A is a top view of a polymer injector in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4B is a side view of the polymer injector ofFIG. 4A ; -
FIG. 5A is a top view of a polymer injector in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5B is a side view of the polymer injector ofFIG. 5A ; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic of an automatic polymer injection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic of a turbidity and pH monitoring system in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8A is a front view of a separator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8B is a top view of the separator ofFIG. 8A ; -
FIG. 9 is a schematic of a turbidity and pH monitoring system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a schematic of a turbidity and pH monitoring system in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 11 is a side view of a trailer housing a wastewater treatment system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 12A is a top view of the wastewater treatment system housed within the trailer ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 12B is a driver side view of the wastewater treatment system housed within the trailer ofFIG. 11 illustrating the process flow; -
FIG. 12C is a driver side view of the wastewater treatment system housed within the trailer ofFIG. 11 illustrating the piping and conduits; -
FIG. 12D is a passenger side view of the wastewater treatment system housed within the trailer ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a wastewater treatment system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a header that supplies an aqueous polymer to the polymer injectors ofFIGS. 4A-5B . - The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
- The description of illustrative embodiments according to principles of the present invention is intended to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entire written description. In the description of embodiments of the invention disclosed herein, any reference to direction or orientation is merely intended for convenience of description and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the present invention. Relative terms such as “lower,” “upper,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “above,” “below,” “up,” “down,” “top” and “bottom” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description only and do not require that the apparatus be constructed or operated in a particular orientation unless explicitly indicated as such. Terms such as “attached,” “affixed,” “connected,” “coupled,” “interconnected,” and similar refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise. Moreover, the features and benefits of the invention are illustrated by reference to the exemplified embodiments. Accordingly, the invention expressly should not be limited to such exemplary embodiments illustrating some possible non-limiting combination of features that may exist alone or in other combinations of features; the scope of the invention being defined by the claims appended hereto.
- Referring first to
FIG. 1-2B , atrailer 10 for containing awastewater treatment system 100 therein is illustrated. Thus, the present invention relates to awastewater treatment system 100 that is housed within thetrailer 10. Of course, in other embodiments the invention may merely be thewastewater treatment system 100 without being housed within thetrailer 10. However, mounting the wastewater treatment system. 100 within thetrailer 10 is desirable in certain embodiments because it facilitates movement of thewastewater treatment system 100 from site to site. - The
trailer 10 is any type of housing that is large enough to contain thewastewater treatment system 100 therein and that is portable, or capable of being moved from one location to another. In one embodiment, thetrailer 10 is fifty-three feet long, eight feet wide and thirteen feet high. Of course, the invention is not limited by the size of thetrailer 10 in all embodiments. Thetrailer 10 can be connected to a truck, tractor or other motorized vehicle for transporting thetrailer 10 to individual work sites. However, the invention is not so limited and in other embodiments thetrailer 10 may itself contain a motor so that thetrailer 10 can be driven by itself without the assistance of or attachment to a truck or other motorized vehicle. Thus, thetrailer 10 may be any housing that has wheels for easy transportability or that can be easily mounted on another wheeled and motored vehicle for purposes of transporting thetrailer 10 to a desired location. - In the exemplified embodiment, the
trailer 10 is a fully enclosed and insulated trailer. Thetrailer 10 is fully equipped with heating equipment, such as aheater 12, in order to maintain the interior of thetrailer 10 at a suitable working temperature for thewastewater treatment system 100 housed therein. There are times that thetrailer 10 will need to be transported to a location with very low temperatures. In order to ensure that the low temperature in the external environment will not adversely affect the ability of thewastewater treatment system 100 housed within thetrailer 10 to properly treat wastewater, the interior of thetrailer 10 is heated. Additionally, in certain embodiments thetrailer 10 is equipped with afan 187 to cool the interior of thetrailer 10 when it is operating in a high-temperature location. Thefan 187 or other cooling component can also be used if a foul odor is found in thesystem 100. Moreover, thetrailer 10 is insulated to reduce the amount of noise that escapes thetrailer 10 when thewastewater treatment system 100 is fully operating and to prevent extreme external temperatures (cold and hot) from entering into the interior of thetrailer 10. - The
trailer 10 is transported to a desired location for use of thewastewater treatment system 100 housed therein. Of course, it should be understood that in embodiments where the invention is thewastewater treatment system 100 without thetrailer 10, thewastewater treatment system 100 can be built on-site or transported to the site without thetrailer 10. In the exemplified embodiment, thetrailer 10 is located adjacent to awater source 20 that is filled withwastewater 21. In certain embodiments, thewater source 20 is a pond that has collected wastewater that requires treatment prior to being transported or introduced into a river, stream, ocean or other water body. In some embodiments, thewater source 20 may be located at a construction site, a mine shall, a caisson or the like. However, in other embodiments thewater source 20 may be an entire river bed that contains an amount of wastewater that needs to be treated. Thus, thewater source 20 need not be a pond in all embodiments but can be any location that has wastewater that needs treatment for discharge into a stream or other desired location. Furthermore, in some instances a lake or river may become contaminated and the water contained therein may need to be treated. In such instances, the wastewater can be treated by thewastewater treatment system 100 housed within thetrailer 10 and then discharged back into the same lake or river from which it was removed or to another location. - In some embodiments, the
trailer 10 is operably connected to agenerator 30 by anelectrical line 31. In certain embodiments, the generator is a three-phase generator, but the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments. Thegenerator 30 provides electrical power to thewastewater treatment system 100 housed within thetrailer 10. Of course, in certain embodiments thegenerator 30 may be omitted and thetrailer 10 may contain an integral power system for powering thewastewater treatment system 100. - Although not illustrated, the outside of the
trailer 10 may contain lights to allow illumination around thetrailer 10 during evening hours. The outside of thetrailer 10 will also contain operation indication lights (not illustrated). The operation indication lights are a three-light system whereby each of the lights is a different color. Alternatively, the operation indication lights may be a single light that is capable of lighting up in multiple colors. For example, the operation indication lights may light up green to indicate that the system housed within thetrailer 10 is in good operating condition, orange to indicate that the system is operating but requires maintenance, and red to indicate that a system alarm has occurred thereby causing the system to shutdown. The operation indication lights enable thesystem 100 housed within thetrailer 10 to be operated unmanned. Thus, persons external to thetrailer 10 can be informed of the operating condition of thesystem 100 without needing to go into thetrailer 10. - The
trailer 10 comprises adoor 52 that provides entry into thetrailer 10. Thus, an operator can enter into the interior of thetrailer 10 to perform maintenance on thewastewater treatment system 100 as desired. For example, if the operation indication light is orange, an operator will be informed that maintenance is required and the operator will enter thetrailer 10 through thedoor 52 to perform such maintenance. - The
trailer 10 also comprises alight switch 181, acontrol panel 182, acircuit breaker box 183, atransformer 184 and anair compressor 185. Thelight switch 181 illuminates the interior of thetrailer 10 and thecontrol panel 182 enables a user to provide instructions to thesystem 100. Thus, thecontrol panel 182 is operably coupled to a controller (discussed in detail below) and a user can input data, algorithms, threshold information, instructions and the like into the controller so that the controller can control operation of thesystem 100 as desired. Moreover, thetrailer 10 is equipped withseveral vents 186 to vent the interior of thetrailer 10 as desired. - The following description describes components that are connected to the
wastewater treatment system 100 that is housed within thetrailer 10. Thus, it should be understood that in embodiments wherein thetrailer 10 is omitted, the components described below merely form a part of thewastewater treatment system 100. Aninfluent line 40 extends from thewastewater treatment system 100 housed within thetrailer 10 to thewater source 20. Theinfluent line 40 is a fluid line within which the wastewater flows from thewater source 20 into thewastewater treatment system 100 housed within thetrailer 10. Thus, theinfluent line 40 extends between thewastewater treatment system 100 and thewater source 20. - The wastewater is removed from the
water source 20 and introduced into thewastewater treatment system 100 by awastewater introduction pump 50. In one embodiment, thewastewater introduction pump 50 is a 300 gallon per minute dewatering pump, such as a Godwin GSP80-HV 8 Hp dewatering pump. Of course, the invention is not to be limited by the particular type of pump used in the system. Moreover, the invention is not limited to use of a pump for introducing the wastewater into thesystem 100 and in other embodiments the wastewater may be introduced into thewastewater treatment system 100 by other means, such as gravity. Furthermore, in still other embodiments the 100 system can take on any feed process where the source water can maintain a minimum of 15 psi and maximum of 75 psi influent feed. - The
wastewater treatment system 100 comprises aneffluent line 55 that extends from thetrailer 10 to a desired location. In the exemplified embodiment, the desired location is afresh water stream 51. However, the invention is not so limited in all embodiments and theeffluent line 55 can extend to any location where it is desired to introduce water that has been treated by thewastewater treatment system 100. Thus, theeffluent line 55 takes the wastewater post-treatment by thewastewater treatment system 100 and delivers it to any desired location. Because the treated water is cleaned to the extent required by local regulations in order to discharge the treated water to a fresh water stream (or other desired location), the treated water is able to be discharged at any desired location. - Referring now to
FIGS. 2A-3 concurrently, thewastewater treatment system 100 will be described in more detail. Thewastewater treatment system 100 comprises atreatment line 105 that is fluidly coupled to theinfluent line 40 and through which the wastewater flows throughout the treatment process. In certain embodiments, thetreatment line 105 is integral with theinfluent line 40 and theinfluent line 40 is merely a portion of thetreatment line 105 that is external to thetrailer 10. In other embodiments, theinfluent line 40 can be a separate pipe line that is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. Thetreatment line 105 has an inlet for introducing the wastewater into thewastewater treatment system 100. - Various holding tanks, pumps, valves, mixers and injection ports are operably and/or fluidly coupled to the
treatment line 105 to treat the wastewater and form treated water having desired turbidity and pH characteristics. In certain embodiments, thetreatment line 105 includes all of the piping, conduits, tanks, sensors, valves, mixers, ports, pumps and other components such that thetreatment line 105 includes the entire fluid path from inlet to outlet through which the wastewater flows during treatment. Thus, if it is described herein that a certain treatment is taking place in thetreatment line 105, that treatment may be taking place within a conduit, tank, valve, mixer, port or the like that is connected to thetreatment line 105. Each of the various components of thewastewater treatment system 100 will be described herein below along with a description of the treatment process. - Upon entering into the
wastewater treatment system 100, the wastewater is introduced into thetreatment line 105 of thewastewater treatment system 100. The wastewater flows along and within thetreatment line 105 in the direction of the arrows. After entering into thetreatment line 105, the incoming wastewater passes through aturbidity sensor 101 and apH sensor 102. Theturbidity sensor 101 is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 and is configured to measure a turbidity level of the wastewater. ThepH sensor 102 is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 and is configured to measure the pH level of the wastewater. In the exemplified embodiment, thepH sensor 102 is positioned downstream of theturbidity sensor 101. However, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and theturbidity sensor 101 can be positioned downstream of thepH sensor 102 in other embodiments. Because the wastewater has not been treated in any manner at this stage, theturbidity sensor 101 and thepH sensor 102 measure the pH and turbidity levels, respectively, of the wastewater prior to treatment. - Furthermore, each of the
turbidity sensor 101 and thepH sensor 102 is operably coupled to acontroller 110 as described in detail below with reference toFIG. 7 . For purposes of clarity, it should be understood that inFIG. 3 operable coupling between thecontroller 110 and the various components to which thecontroller 110 is connected is illustrated with dotted/dashed lines and thetreatment line 105 and other plumbing/pipe lines are illustrated in solid lines. Operable coupling between the various sensors, valves and other components of the system to thecontroller 110 may be achieved by hard-wire connection or any of the various known wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, infrared, Wi-Fi, radio frequency (RF), microwave, or the like. - The
pH sensor 102 measures the pH level of the incoming wastewater from zero to fourteen, with a pH level of zero being extremely acidic, a pH level of fourteen being extremely basic and a pH level of seven being neutral (i.e., neither acidic nor basic). Theturbidity sensor 101 measures the cloudiness or haziness of the incoming wastewater in terms of Nephelometric Turbidity Units (hereinafter, “NTU”). As discussed herein, thewastewater treatment system 100 treats the incoming wastewater so as to bring the pH level and the turbidity level of the incoming wastewater into compliance with regulated discharge limitations prior to discharging the wastewater to the desired location, such as a fresh water stream. In one embodiment, prior to discharge, the wastewater is treated within thewastewater treatment system 100 so that the pH achieves a level of between 6 and 9 and the turbidity achieves a level of less than 50 NTU. Of course, it should be understood that regulated discharge limitations vary depending upon the location at which the wastewater is desired to be discharged to and local regulations. Therefore, pH and turbidity levels outside of the above-noted ranges may be acceptable in certain circumstances. Thesystem 100 can be adjusted to create a final product of treated water that has any desired pH level and turbidity level. - In certain embodiments, the incoming wastewater also passes through a
flow rate sensor 103 that is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 and that measures the flow rate of the incoming wastewater. In such embodiments, theflow rate sensor 103 may also be operably coupled to thecontroller 110. However, in other embodiments theflow rate sensor 103 is omitted because the flow rate of the incoming wastewater is known based on the operation of thewastewater introduction pump 50. As will be understood from the description below, the pH measurement and the flow rate of the incoming wastewater cause thewastewater treatment system 100 to automatically adjust an amount of a pH adjustment chemical that is added to the wastewater. Similarly, the flow rate of the incoming wastewater and the turbidity measurement cause thewastewater treatment system 100 to automatically adjust an amount of a polymer that is added to the wastewater. Thus, theflow rate sensor 103 may be included in thesystem 100 to ensure that the flow rate of the incoming wastewater is in compliance with the anticipated flow rate based on thewastewater introduction pump 50 operation. - Turning to
FIG. 7 , one exemplified structural embodiment of the turbidity andpH sensors wastewater treatment system 100 is illustrated. It should be understood that the turbidity andpH sensors wastewater treatment system 100 in manners other than those illustrated inFIG. 7 and still achieve the same purpose as that described hereinafter below. Specifically, the invention is not limited to the exact structural arrangement of the components illustrated inFIG. 7 in all embodiments. - The incoming wastewater flows into the
treatment line 105 of thewastewater treatment system 100 as described above. In the exemplified embodiment, a portion of the wastewater continues to flow through the treatment line 105 (which is the main flow line of the wastewater treatment system 100) while another portion of the wastewater flows through asensor flow line 106 for testing by the pH andturbidity sensors sensor flow line 106 is controlled by aball valve 301 and adole valve 309. In the exemplified embodiment, theball valve 301 is threadily coupled to the sensor flow line. 106 and formed of brass. However, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and theball valve 301 may be coupled to thesensor flow line 106 by other methods and may be formed of materials other than brass. Moreover, thevalve 301 may not be a ball valve, but may instead be another type of valve, such as a butterfly valve, a check valve, a diaphragm valve, a gate valve, a piston valve, a plug valve or the like. Theball valve 301 can be operably coupled to thecontroller 110 for automatic control of the opening/closing of theball valve 301 or theball valve 301 may be controlled manually by a user. - When the
ball valve 301 is in an open position, a portion of the wastewater will flow into and through thesensor flow line 106. After passing through theball valve 301, the wastewater will flow through thedole valve 309. Thedole valve 309 is a restriction in the piping that ensures that the wastewater flows through thesensor flow line 106 at a constant flow rate. Thedole valve 309 has the appearance of a normal pipe coupling, but comprises an internal orifice that restricts the gallons per minute that can flow through thedole valve 309. In certain preferable embodiments, the constant flow rate is approximately five gallons per minute, although in other embodiments the constant flow rate can be between 0-20 gallons per minute or 5-15 gallons per minute. The flow rate of the wastewater through thesensor flow line 106 is specifically calculated to ensure that the turbidity andpH sensors - The pH and
turbidity sensors sensor flow line 106. It should be understood that the invention is not so limited and in certain embodiments thesensor flow line 106 is omitted altogether and the pH andturbidity sensors treatment line 105. Thus, as used herein, operable coupling of the pH andturbidity sensors treatment line 105 can be a direct operable coupling or an indirect operable coupling via thesensor flow line 106. - The
system 100 is provided with a plurality ofstrut channels 302 for mounting or otherwise affixing thewastewater treatment system 100 to a wall or other structure (such as the interior of the trailer 10). Thus, thestrut channels 302 provide light structural support for the wiring, plumbing and/or mechanical components of thewastewater treatment system 100. In the exemplified embodiment, thestrut channels 302 are 1⅝″×1⅝,″ various length, painted galvanized steel or aluminum mounts. However, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments. Moreover, in the exemplified embodiment thestrut channels 302 are Unistrut® strut channels, but the strut channels can be Kindorf®, SuperStrut®, Strut®, Metstrut® or the like in other embodiments. - The downstream-most portion of the
sensor flow line 106 comprises a trueunion ball valve 303 that controls the flow of the wastewater as it exits thesensor flow line 106 and re-enters thetreatment line 105. Thesensor flow line 106 is connected to thetreatment line 105 at a three-way tee 304 formed of polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”) piping. - In the exemplified embodiment, the
treatment line 105 is a three-inch diameter pipe through which the wastewater flows throughout thewastewater treatment system 100. Of course, the invention is not so limited and the diameter of thetreatment line 105 can be more or less than three-inches in other embodiments. Furthermore, thetreatment line 105 can be made of a stainless steel or other hard steel material, or it can formed of PVC, or a combination of stainless steel and PVC as desired throughout thewastewater treatment system 100. Thesensor flow line 106 is a one-inch diameter pipe, but can be larger or smaller than one-inch in other embodiments. Thesensor flow line 106 is also formed of a steel or PVC material. Of course, the invention is not limited to the particular materials used for theflow lines - In the exemplified embodiment, the portion of the wastewater that flows through the
sensor flow line 106 passes through theturbidity sensor 101 and thepH sensor 102. Theturbidity sensor 101 is operably coupled to aturbidity transmitter 107 by awire 305A and thepH sensor 102 is operably coupled to apH transmitter 108 by awire 305B. In the exemplified embodiment, the operable coupling is accomplished via an electrical wire. However, other methods of coupling the components described above may be utilized as desired to achieve the same function, such as a wireless (infrared, radio frequency, Bluetooth, etc.) communication. Each of theturbidity transmitter 107 and thepH transmitter 108 is an. LCD display that displays the measured turbidity and pH readings of the wastewater. Furthermore, theturbidity transmitter 107 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 by awire 306A and thepH transmitter 108 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 by awire 306B. - The
controller 110 is a computer-based programmable logic controller or processor, which can be a suitable microprocessor, personal computer, or the like for process control. Thecontroller 110 is configured to control/automate all aspects of thewastewater treatment system 100 described herein. Thecontroller 110 may include various input/output ports used to provide connections to the various components of thewastewater treatment system 100 that need to be controlled and/or communicated with. As noted above, the electrical and/or communication connections are indicated in dotted lines inFIG. 3 . Thecontroller 110 also comprises sufficient memory to store algorithms and process recipes and other data, such as various upper and lower thresholds that are pre-programmed by an operator. Thecontroller 110 can communicate with the various components of thewastewater treatment system 100 to automatically adjust process conditions such as now rates of the various chemicals that are injected into the wastewater for treatment thereof, batch sizes of the various chemical mixtures, refill procedures and the like. The type of system controller used for any given system will depend on the exact needs of the system in which it is incorporated. - In one aspect the
controller 110 receives signals regarding the turbidity and pH of the wastewater and adjusts the amount and types of chemicals that are injected into the wastewater automatically in response to the turbidity and pH measurements. In certain embodiments, thecontroller 110 is a Windows-based system that allows remote or local site access and control of the system via a telephone line or a cellular phone connection through a laptop or desktop computer. In this manner, all components, including all motors, valves, pumps, sensors and switches of thewastewater treatment system 100 can controlled by thecontroller 110. Moreover, operation of the components referenced above can be displayed for user review (such as on thecontrol panel 182 exemplified inFIG. 2A ). This also enables an operator to access real-time and historical data for tracking fault conditions, pressure histories, hour meters for the motors and liquid flow rates for total flow analysis. Thecontroller 110 can provide routine faxes and status reports and provide notification when the system shuts down due to a fault condition or otherwise. For example, notification of system shut down can be made by virtue of thecontroller 110 illuminating the red light on the outside of thetrailer 10 as described above. - Still referring to
FIG. 7 , due to its operable coupling to thecontroller 110 and to theturbidity sensor 101, theturbidity transmitter 107 will receive turbidity measurements of the incoming wastewater from theturbidity sensor 101 and transmit that data to thecontroller 110 for further processing. Similarly, due to its operable coupling to thecontroller 110 and to thepH sensor 102, thepH transmitter 108 will receive pH measurements of the incoming wastewater from thepH sensor 102 and transmit that data to thecontroller 110 for further processing. In this manner, thecontroller 110 can self-regulate thewastewater treatment system 100 and ensure proper treatment of the wastewater to achieve desired discharge water characteristics (i.e., discharge turbidity and pH levels). - A pressure gauge/
transmitter 104 and anautomated valve actuator 109 are operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. Thecontroller 110 is operably coupled to the pressure gauge/transmitter 104 by awire 307 and to theautomated valve actuator 109 by awire 308. Thecontroller 110 can automatically operate (i.e., open/close) the valve actuator 109 (which may be an electrical actuator that has an input for accepting a 4-20 mA signal and outputs a 4-20 mA signal) in order to control the flow rate of the wastewater through thetreatment line 105. - After passing through the
turbidity sensor 101 and thepH sensor 102, the wastewater in thesensor flow line 106 is re-introduced into thetreatment line 105 via the three-way tee 304. The wastewater in thetreatment line 105 then continues to flow through thewastewater treatment system 100 towards afirst polymer injector 116 as described below. - Referring again to
FIGS. 2A-3 concurrently, thewastewater treatment system 100 will be further described. After passing through the turbidity andpH sensors flow rate sensor 103, the wastewater continues to flow through thetreatment line 105. As noted above, thepH sensor 102 will measure the pH of the wastewater and transmit pH data to thecontroller 110 via thepH transmitter 108. Using the transmitted pH data and preprogrammed algorithms, thecontroller 110 will adjust a flow rate of a pH adjustment chemical that is added to the wastewater as described below. - A pH
adjustment chemical tank 112 is fluidly and operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 by a pH adjustmentchemical injection line 161. Specifically, the pHadjustment chemical tank 112 is coupled to thetreatment line 105 by the pH adjustmentchemical injection line 161 at a pHadjustment chemical injector 114 that is positioned along thetreatment line 105 downstream of thepH sensor 102. In certain embodiments, the pHadjustment chemical injector 114 may be a nozzle that injects a pH adjustment chemical into thetreatment line 105 or merely an opening in thetreatment line 105 for the introduction of the pH adjustment chemical. Of course the invention is not to be so limited and in other embodiments the pHadjustment chemical injector 114 can be a single injection point prior to amixer 115 discussed below. - The pH
adjustment chemical tank 112 contains a pH adjustment chemical that can adjust the pH level of the wastewater. Thus, if thepH sensor 102 detects that the pH of the wastewater is below a desired level, the pH adjustment chemical will be added to increase the pH of the wastewater. Examples of pH adjustment chemicals that can be used to increase the pH of the wastewater include Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Carbonate, Potassium Hydroxide, or other similar mineral caustic chemicals. Alternatively, if thepH sensor 102 detects that the pH of the wastewater is above a desired level, the pH adjustment, chemical will be added to decrease the pH of the wastewater. Examples of pH adjustment chemicals that can be used to decrease the pH of the wastewater include Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric Acid, or other mineral acids. Finally, if thepH sensor 102 detects that the pH of the wastewater is at the desired level, no pH adjustment chemical will be added to the wastewater. In certain embodiments, the pHadjustment chemical tank 112 may include more than one tank to achieve a desired pH level of the wastewater by adding different pH adjustment chemicals to either increase or decrease the pH of the wastewater. In such an embodiment, a first tank can contain a pH adjustment chemical for lowering the pH level of the wastewater and a second tank can contain a pH adjustment chemical for raising the pH level of the wastewater. In certain embodiments the pH injection system is a variable rate system such that a greater amount of the pH chemical can flow into the wastewater by speeding up the flow of the pH chemical. However, the invention is not to be so limited and in other embodiments the pH chemical injection system is a steady rate system. - The pH
adjustment chemical tank 112 is operably coupled to a pHliquid level sensor 113. The pHliquid level sensor 113 detects the liquid level of the pH adjustment chemical contained within the pHadjustment chemical tank 112. In this manner, an operator can be made aware if the liquid level of the pH adjustment chemical contained within the pHadjustment chemical tank 112 drops below a pre-determined threshold such that the pHadjustment chemical tank 112 must be refilled. Alternatively or additionally, in certain embodiments the pHliquid level sensor 113 can be operably coupled to thecontroller 110 in order to automate refilling of the pHadjustment chemical tank 112. - As noted above, the pH adjustment chemical is injected into the treatment line 105 (and into the wastewater) at the pH
adjustment chemical injector 114, which is positioned along thetreatment line 105 downstream of thepH sensor 102. The flow rate at which the pH adjustment chemical is injected into the wastewater is automatically adjusted by thecontroller 110 based on the pH level as measured by thepH sensor 102 and transmitted to thecontroller 110 and the known or measured flow rate of the wastewater due to algorithms and processing techniques that are pre-stored in the memory of thecontroller 110. The pH adjustment chemical is drawn from the pHadjustment chemical tank 112 by apump 171 and injected into the incoming wastewater in thetreatment line 105 at the pHadjustment chemical injector 114. The invention is not limited to use of thepump 171 for drawing the pH adjustment chemical from the pHadjustment chemical tank 112 and injecting the pH adjustment chemical into thetreatment line 105. In other embodiments, thepump 171 may be replaced by a valve that is opened and closed as desired in order to inject the pH adjustment chemical into the treatment line 105 (and hence, also into the wastewater) at a desired flow rate. - The
controller 110 is operably coupled to the pump 171 (and/or any valves that are used in place of the pump 171). As such, thecontroller 110 controls the speed with which thepump 171 draws the pH adjustment chemical from the pHadjustment chemical tank 112 in order to control the flow rate of the pH adjustment chemical that is introduced into thetreatment line 105 and added to the wastewater. Thus, as the measured pH level (as measured by the pH sensor 102) and flow rate of the incoming wastewater changes over time, the flow rate at which the pH adjustment chemical is introduced or injected into the wastewater in thetreatment line 105 can be increased and/or decreased in order to accommodate the changes in pH level and flow rate. - Because the
controller 110 is operably coupled to the pH sensor 101 (either directly or via the pH transmitter 108), thecontroller 110 can process information regarding the pH of the incoming wastewater and adjust the flow rate at which the pH adjustment chemical is added to the wastewater accordingly. This automatic adjustment of the flow rate at which the pH adjustment chemical is injected into the wastewater in thetreatment line 105 ensures the pH level of the wastewater complies with discharge limitations upon discharge from thewastewater treatment system 100. Moreover, the automatic adjustment of the flow rate at which the pH adjustment chemical is injected into the wastewater in thetreatment line 105 occurs during operation of thewastewater treatment system 100. Thus, changes to the dose (i.e., flow rate) of the pH adjustment chemical can be made to ensure that the wastewater receives proper chemical treatment to meet discharge limitations without temporarily suspending operation of thewastewater treatment system 100. - After the pH adjustment chemical is injected into the wastewater, the wastewater passes through a
mixer 115 that is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. In the exemplified embodiment, themixer 115 is an in-line mixer that is positioned along thetreatment line 105. Thus, themixer 115 has the same pipe diameter as thetreatment line 105. Of course, the invention is not to be so limited and in other embodiments themixer 115 can be a separate mixing tank that is not in-line with thetreatment line 105. Thus, themixer 115 can be any type of mechanism that is capable of mixing the wastewater with the pH adjustment chemical. Themixer 115 thoroughly mixes the pH adjustment chemical into the wastewater to bring the pH level of the wastewater into compliance with discharge limitations. Themixer 115 may mix the pH adjustment chemical and the wastewater by forcing the wastewater to flow in a cross-flow configuration, such as by the use of baffles. Alternatively, themixer 115 may mix the pH adjustment chemical and the wastewater with a propeller or other stirring/mixing mechanism or structure. - Downstream of the
mixer 115, thetreatment line 105 comprises afirst polymer injector 116 operably coupled thereto. Thefirst polymer injector 116 injects a polymer (i.e., a first aqueous polymer mixture) into thetreatment line 105 at a plurality of points or locations along thetreatment line 105 simultaneously. As used herein, thewastewater treatment system 100 is described wherein chemicals are injected into thetreatment line 105. It should be understood that when these chemicals are injected into thetreatment line 105, they are also injected into the wastewater, which is flowing through thetreatment line 105. - In the exemplified embodiment, the
first polymer injector 116 injects the polymer into thetreatment line 105 at four points or locations along thetreatment line 105 simultaneously. However, the invention is not to be so limited and in other embodiments thefirst polymer injector 116 may be a two-point, three-point, five-point, six-point or more injector that injects the polymer into thetreatment line 105 at any number of a plurality of points or locations simultaneously. Thus, the invention is not limited by the specific number of points or locations along thetreatment line 105 that thefirst polymer injector 116 injects the polymer in all embodiments. - The
first polymer injector 116 is operably coupled to afirst polymer tank 117 by a firstpolymer injection line 162. Thefirst polymer tank 117 contains a first aqueous polymer mixture. The first aqueous polymer mixture is a mixture of a first raw polymer and water. As discussed below, the water in the first aqueous polymer mixture is feedback wastewater (i.e., treated water) that has passed through and been treated by thewastewater treatment system 100 and re-circulated back through thewastewater treatment system 100. Thus, the invention is described herein with thefirst polymer injector 116 injecting a first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105, the first aqueous polymer mixture being a dilute polymer/water mixture. However, it should be understood that in certain embodiments, thefirst polymer injector 116 may inject a pure or raw polymer into thetreatment line 105. - The
first polymer tank 117 is also operably coupled to aliquid level sensor 148 that monitors the liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture within thefirst polymer tank 117. Theliquid level sensor 148 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110, which enables thecontroller 110 to automatically control refilling of thefirst polymer tank 117. Thus, theliquid level sensor 148 ensures that thefirst polymer tank 117 contains a desired amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture and enables thewastewater treatment system 100, via instructions provided by thecontroller 110, to automatically refill thefirst polymer tank 117 with the first aqueous polymer mixture when thefirst polymer tank 117 becomes empty (or the liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture goes below a pre-determined lower threshold). The formation of the first aqueous polymer mixture and the process of refilling thefirst polymer tank 117 with the first aqueous polymer mixture will be described in greater detail below with reference toFIGS. 3 and 6 . - Referring to
FIGS. 3-4B concurrently, as noted above the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105 at a plurality of points or locations along thetreatment line 105 simultaneously. The plurality of points are located within close proximity to one another such that the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105 at aconduit 190, but at multiple points or locations within thatconduit 190. In the exemplified embodiment, theconduit 190 is a portion of thetreatment line 105 that is located in between themixer 115 and afirst polymer mixer 118. In certain embodiments, thefirst polymer mixer 118 is a tank, although the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments. As will be described in more detail below, thefirst polymer mixer 118 mixes the first aqueous polymer mixture with the wastewater after the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into the treatment line 105 (and, hence, into the wastewater). - The
conduit 190 may merely be a portion of thetreatment line 105, or theconduit 190 may be a separate component that is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. Theconduit 190, and hence also thetreatment line 105, has an axis A-A. In the exemplified embodiment, the wastewater flows through theconduit 190 and thetreatment line 105 along the axis A-A in the direction indicated by the arrow D1. Although in the exemplified embodiment the axis of flow of the wastewater is congruent with the axis A-A of theconduit 190 andtreatment line 105, in certain other embodiments the axis of flow of the wastewater may be different than the axis A-A. The structural details of various embodiments of thefirst polymer injector 116 will be described in more detail below with reference toFIGS. 4A-5B . - The
first polymer injector 116 injects the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 at multiple points simultaneously. Thus, thefirst polymer injector 116 enables the first aqueous polymer mixture that is injected into thetreatment line 105 to be diluted while still enabling the benefits of the polymer to be imparted to the wastewater. Injecting a polymer into wastewater facilitates flocculation of the solids that are suspended within the wastewater. Thus, the polymer promotes flocculation of solids that are suspended within the wastewater by causing the suspended solids to aggregate and form a floc. The floc, which is a build-up of the suspended solids, can then be more easily separated from the wastewater as will be described in more detail below. - By using the
first polymer injector 116 and injecting the first aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater at multiple points simultaneously, the present invention enables the polymer to be diluted, which minimizes the amount of polymer chemicals that are required to achieve the desired results. Furthermore, adding a diluted polymer (i.e., the first aqueous polymer mixture) to the wastewater and injecting the first aqueous polymer mixture at multiple locations simultaneously induces better mixing with the wastewater for enhanced floc generation. Of course, as described above the polymer does not need to be diluted in all embodiments and in certain other embodiments a pure polymer can be injected into thetreatment line 105 via thefirst polymer injector 116. - Referring now to
FIGS. 4A and 4B concurrently, one embodiment of thefirst polymer injector 116 located along thetreatment line 105 will be described. As discussed above, thefirst polymer injector 116 is located at the conduit. 190 that is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. In the exemplified embodiment, theconduit 190 is a narrowed portion of thetreatment line 105. The invention is not to be so limited and in other embodiments theconduit 190 can be a widening of thetreatment line 105 or theconduit 190 can be in-line with and have the same cross-sectional shape and diameter as thetreatment line 105. Thus, in certain embodiments thetreatment line 105 forms theconduit 190 and theconduit 190 is not a separate component. The wastewater flows along the treatment line 105 (and the conduit 190) in the direction of the arrow D1, which is along the axis A-A of the treatment line 105 (and the conduit 190). Thefirst polymer injector 116 includes fourinjection nozzles 119. Each of theinjection nozzles 119 has afirst end 120 that is operably and fluidly coupled to the first polymer tank 117 (either directly or indirectly via the first polymer injection line 162) and asecond end 121 that is operably and fluidly coupled to theconduit 190. - Referring briefly to
FIG. 14 , more specifically thefirst end 120 of theinjection nozzles 119 are operably and fluidly coupled to aheader 155. Theheader 155 comprises fournozzles 156A-156D that are operably coupled to thefirst end 120 of theinjection nozzles 119 of thepolymer injector 116. Furthermore, theheader 155 also comprises aconnector 157 that is operably and fluidly coupled to the firstpolymer injection line 162. Thus, the aqueous polymer mixture flows into theconnector 157 of theheader 155, through theheader 155, and out of each of thenozzles 156A-156D of theheader 155. Each one of thenozzles 156A-156D of theheader 155 is operably coupled to one of the fourinjection nozzles 119 of the polymer injector. The connection between thenozzles 156A-156D and thenozzles 119 can be achieved via a hose, piping, conduit or the like. - Referring again to
FIGS. 4A and 4B , each of theinjection nozzles 119 comprises anadjustable valve 191. When theadjustable valves 191 are open, the first aqueous polymer mixture flows from thefirst polymer tank 117, through theinjection nozzles 119 and into theconduit 190 of thetreatment line 105. When theadjustable valves 191 are closed, the first aqueous polymer mixture is prohibited from flowing through theinjection nozzles 119. Theadjustable valves 191 can be opened completely to enable, a greater amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture to flow through theinjection nozzles 119 and into theconduit 190 of thetreatment line 105 or partially to enable less of the first aqueous polymer mixture to flow through theinjection nozzles 119 and into theconduit 190 of thetreatment line 105. - Each of the
adjustable valves 191 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110. Thus, the opening (partially or completely) and closing of theadjustable valves 191 and the degree to which theadjustable valves 191 are opened and/or closed is automatically regulated by thecontroller 110 as will be described in more detail below. In this manner, thecontroller 110 can control the amount or flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture that is injected into the wastewater via thefirst polymer injector 116. In addition to theadjustable valves 191, the amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture that flows through theinjection nozzles 119 can also (or alternatively) be controlled by apump 172 that is operably coupled to thefirst polymer tank 117 and to the controller 110 (seeFIG. 3 ). In certain embodiments, thepump 172 can be replaced by a valve. - In the embodiment illustrated in
FIGS. 4A and 4B , theconduit 190 is a pipe having a circular cross-sectional shape and anouter surface 122. Of course, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and theconduit 190 can take on other shapes as desired. The second ends 121 of theinjection nozzles 119 of thefirst polymer injector 116 are positioned around and coupled to theouter surface 122 of the conduit 190 (and hence also positioned about the axis of the conduit 190) in a circumferentially spaced-apart manner. More specifically, in the exemplified embodiment the second ends 121 of theinjection nozzles 119 are located within a single plane that is substantially transverse to the direction of flow D1 of the wastewater through the treatment line 105 (and also to the axis A-A of the conduit 190). Thus, the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into the wastewater at a plurality of points that are longitudinally aligned along the direction of flow D1. As noted above, the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected from each of the fourinjection nozzles 119 simultaneously. - In the exemplified embodiment, the
injection nozzles 119 comprise afirst nozzle 119A, a second nozzle 119B, athird nozzle 119C and afourth nozzle 119D. The first andsecond nozzles 119A, 119B have an identical structure and the third andfourth nozzles first nozzle 119A and thethird nozzle 119C, but it should be understood that the structures described below are equally applicable to the second nozzle 119B and thefourth nozzle 119D, respectively. Thus, in the exemplified embodiment, thefirst nozzle 119A has the same structural arrangement as the second nozzle 119B and thethird nozzle 119C has the same structural arrangement as thefourth nozzle 119D. - In the exemplified embodiment, the
injection nozzles 119 are arranged in a circumferentially equi-spaced apart manner about the axis A-A of theconduit 190. More specifically, each of thenozzles 119A-D is positioned 90° away from each adjacent one of thenozzles 119A-D. Such an arrangement provides a uniform dispersion of the first aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater as the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into the wastewater. However, the invention is not so limited and in other embodiments theinjection nozzles 119 can be arranged so that they are not equi-spaced about the axis of theconduit 190. - In the exemplified embodiment, all components of the
first nozzle 119A are formed from a stainless steel. Moreover, in the exemplified embodiment, all of the components of thefirst nozzle 119A also comprise a one-quarter inch national pipe thread (NPT). However, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and materials other than stainless steel and NPT other than one-quarter inch can be used. - The
first nozzle 119A is operably connected to theconduit 190 by acoupler 192. Thecoupler 192 is connected to afirst elbow 193 by a first threadedconnector pipe 194. Thus, the first threadedconnector pipe 194 is threadily connected to each of thecoupler 192 and thefirst elbow 193. In the exemplified embodiment, thefirst elbow 193 is a 90° elbow pipe that changes the direction of thefirst nozzle 119A by 90°. A second threadedconnector pipe 195 extends between and is threadily coupled to thefirst elbow 193 and asecond elbow 196. In the exemplified embodiment, thesecond elbow 196 is a 45° elbow pipe that changes the direction of thefirst nozzle 119A by 45°. A third threadedconnector pipe 197 extends between and is threadily coupled to thesecond elbow 196 and theadjustable valve 191. In certain embodiments, theadjustable valve 191 is a full port or full bore ball valve formed of brass. Of course, in other embodiments theadjustable valve 191 can be other than a ball valve and formed of materials other than brass as desired. Finally, a tapered compression fitting 198 is coupled to theadjustable valve 191. Thecompression fitting 198 comprises thefirst end 120 of thefirst nozzle 119A and is therefore operably and fluidly coupled to thefirst polymer tank 117. - Turning to the
third nozzle 119C (and hence also thefourth nozzle 119D), all components of thethird nozzle 119C are formed from a stainless steel. Moreover, all of the components of thethird nozzle 119C also comprise a one-quarter inch national pipe thread (NPT). However, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and materials other than stainless steel and NPT other than one-quarter inch can be used. - The
third nozzle 119C is operably connected to theconduit 190 by acoupler 165. Thecoupler 165 is connected to afirst elbow 166 by a first threadedconnector pipe 167. Thus, the first threadedconnector pipe 167 is threadily connected to each of thecoupler 165 and thefirst elbow 166. In the exemplified embodiment, thefirst elbow 166 is a 45° elbow pipe that changes the direction of thethird nozzle 119C by 45°. A second threadedconnector pipe 168 extends between and is threadily coupled to thefirst elbow 166 and theadjustable valve 191. In certain embodiments, theadjustable valve 191 is a full port or full bore ball valve formed of brass. Of course, in other embodiments theadjustable valve 191 can be other than a ball valve and formed of materials other than brass as desired. Finally, a tapered compression fitting 169 is coupled to theadjustable valve 191. Thecompression fitting 169 comprises thefirst end 120 of thethird nozzle 119C and is therefore operably and fluidly coupled to thefirst polymer tank 117. - The connections between the various components of the
nozzles 119A-D is described above as being a threaded connection. However, it should be understood that the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and in certain other embodiments the various components of thenozzles 119A-D can be connected by adhesives, welding or the like. Because the first andsecond nozzles 119A, 119E have both a 90° elbow and a 45° elbow and the third andfourth nozzles nozzles 119A-D are located on the same side of theconduit 190. - Referring to
FIGS. 5A and 5B , an alternate arrangement of asecond polymer injector 216 will be described. Thesecond polymer injector 216 is the same as thefirst polymer injector 116 in numerous respects. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that theheader 155 illustrated inFIG. 14 can be operably coupled to the injection nozzles of thesecond polymer injector 216 in a similar manner as described above with regard to the connection between theheader 155 and theinjection nozzles 119 of thefirst polymer injector 116. Thus, the focus of the description below will be on the differences between thesecond polymer injector 216 and thefirst polymer injector 116. Moreover, similar components will be similarly numbered except that the “200” series of numbers will be used to describe the components of thesecond polymer injector 216 whereas the “100” series of numbers was used to described the components of thefirst polymer injector 116. In thesecond polymer injector 216, the wastewater flows through thetreatment line 205 in the direction illustrated by the arrow D2. - The
second polymer injector 216 is located at aconduit 290 of thetreatment line 205 within which each of theinjection nozzles 219 is operably connected at their second ends 221. In the exemplified embodiment, theconduit 290 is illustrated as an expanded diameter portion of thetreatment line 205. Of course, theconduit 290 can have a narrower diameter or the same diameter as thetreatment line 205 in other embodiments. Theconduit 290 has anouter surface 266 and an axis B-B along which the wastewater flows in the direction D2. Unlike thefirst polymer injector 116, theinjection nozzles 219 are not aligned and equi-spaced about the axis B-B of thetreatment line 205. Thesecond polymer injector 216 exemplifies that the exact position at which theinjection nozzles 219 are connected to thetreatment line 205 is not limiting of the present invention in all embodiments. It is merely intended that theinjection nozzles 219 enable the first aqueous polymer mixture to be injected into thetreatment line 205 at multiple points simultaneously. Moreover, it is preferable that the multiple points be located on theconduit 290 of thetreatment line 205 such that the multiple points are located proximate or very near to one another. - In the
second polymer injector 216, theinjection nozzles 219 are not equi-spaced about the axis B-B. Rather, a 180 degree portion of theouter surface 266 of theconduit 290 is free ofinjection nozzles 219 and the fourinjection nozzles 219 are all positioned along the other 180 degree portion of theouter surface 266 of theconduit 290. In the exemplified embodiment, afirst nozzle 219A is circumferentially spaced 45° from asecond nozzle 219B, thesecond nozzle 219B is circumferentially spaced 90° from athird nozzle 219C, and thethird nozzle 219C is circumferentially spaced 45° from afourth nozzle 219D. Moreover, thefirst nozzle 219A is circumferentially spaced 180° from thefourth nozzle 219D. Of course, the invention is not to be specifically limited by the spacing between thenozzles 219A-219D in all embodiments. - In the exemplified embodiment, the
second polymer injector 216 comprises afirst set 292 of a plurality of theinjector nozzles 219 and asecond set 293 of a plurality of theinjector nozzles 219. Thefirst set 292 of theinjector nozzles 219 is located within a first plane that is substantially transverse to the axis B-B of theconduit 290 and thesecond set 293 of theinjector nozzles 219 is located within a second plane that is substantially transverse to the axis B-B of theconduit 290. The first and second planes are spaced apart from one another along the axis B-B. Moreover, in certain other embodiments thefirst set 292 of theinjector nozzles 219 and/or thesecond set 293 of theinjector nozzles 219 may not be aligned within a single plane that is substantially transverse to the axis B-B and theinjector nozzles 219 may be offset from one another along the axis B-B. - Each of the
injector nozzles 219A-D comprises generally the same components, which will be described herein below. Thenozzles 219A-D are operably connected to theconduit 290 by anadaptor 294. Theadaptor 294 is a PVC to steel adaptor in the exemplified embodiment because the conduit 290 (and treatment line 205) is formed of a PVC piping and thenozzles 219A-D are formed of stainless steel. Theadaptor 294 is threadily connected to theadjustable valve 291. In the exemplified embodiment, theadjustable valve 291 is a full port ball valve formed of brass. However, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and theadjustable valve 291 can be other than a ball valve and can be formed of materials other than brass in other embodiments. A first threadedconnector pipe 295 is threadily connected to and extends between theadjustable valve 291 and afirst elbow 296. The first elbow is a 90° elbow pipe that changes the direction of thenozzles 219 by 90°. A second threadedconnector pipe 297 is threadily connected to and extends between thefirst elbow 296 and asecond elbow 298. Thesecond elbow 296 is also a 90° elbow pipe that changes the direction of thenozzles 219 by 90°. A third threadedconnector pipe 299 is threadily connected to and extends between thesecond elbow 298 and atapered compression fitting 265. Thecompression fitting 265 comprises thefirst end 220 of thenozzles 219A-D and is therefore operably and fluidly coupled to thefirst polymer tank 117 when the embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 5A and 5B is used as the first polymer injector. - In certain embodiments, the
second polymer injector 216 is used to inject the first aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater and thefirst polymer injector 116 is used to inject a second aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater (described below). However, the particular polymer injector that is used to inject each of the first and second aqueous polymer mixtures into the wastewater is not to be limiting of the present invention in all embodiments. - Referring again solely to
FIG. 3 , thewastewater treatment system 100 of the present invention will be further described. As noted above, in addition to injecting the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 at a plurality of points simultaneously, the flow rate at which the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105 is adjustable. As discussed above, the incoming wastewater is introduced into thetreatment line 105 and passes through aturbidity sensor 101 which measures the turbidity of the incoming wastewater in NTU. The turbidity measurement of the incoming wastewater is then transmitted to thecontroller 110 by the turbidity transmitter 107 (seeFIG. 7 ). As discussed below, thecontroller 110 then uses the turbidity measurement of the incoming wastewater and the flow rate of the incoming wastewater (which is a known and pre-set parameter in certain embodiments and is measured by theflow sensor 103 in other embodiments) to adjust the flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture as the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105. - More specifically, the
controller 110 is pre-programmed to inject the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 at a pre-determined flow rate based on an assumption (which may be formed due to a previous turbidity measurement of the wastewater) that the wastewater has a specific turbidity and that the wastewater is being introduced into thesystem 100 at a known or pre-set flow rate. As an example, it may be believed or pre-determined that the wastewater has a general turbidity of 300 NTU and that the wastewater is introduced into the system at a flow rate of 100 gallons per minute. Thecontroller 110 is therefore programmed to inject the first aqueous polymer mixture at a specific flow rate that is intended to successfully flocculate all of the solids suspended in the wastewater based on the general turbidity of 300 NTU and the flow rate of 100 gallons per minute. If theturbidity sensor 101 then tests the turbidity of the incoming wastewater and determines that the turbidity is 600 NTU, thecontroller 110 will automatically increase the flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture as it is injected into thetreatment line 105 in order to accommodate the increased turbidity in the wastewater. - When flocculation is occurring well at 300 NTU at a flow of 100 GPM, the amount of additional polymer needed is not proportional to the amount of added solids. In some cases a small amount of increase in polymer is provided for in the algorithm. Thus, in order to minimize costs and the amount of chemicals used, a change in turbidity from 300 NTU to 600 NTU will not result in doubling the flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture. Rather, a pre-programmed algorithm will determine the exact increase in flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture to achieve desired flocculation of the suspended solids. Thus, slight increases in the flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture can achieve desired benefits while minimizing polymer usage. Minimizing the amount of polymer-that is used reduces costs and pollutants to the environment. In addition to the automated flow rate adjustments, the flow rate of injection of the first aqueous polymer mixture is also manually adjustable by the operator on the controller.
- As noted above, the flow rate with which the wastewater is introduced into the
wastewater treatment system 100 is also taken into account by thecontroller 110 when determining the flow rate of the injection of the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105. If the flow rate of the wastewater is increased, the flow rate of the injection of the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 is also increased. If the flow rate of the wastewater is decreased, the flow rate of the injection of the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 is also decreased. Again, the exact amount of the increase or decrease of the flow rate of the injection of the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 is based on a pre-programmed algorithm and in certain embodiments it is not a 1:1 ratio increase. This algorithm ratio can be set by the operator in thecontroller 110. However, the invention is not to be so limited and the increase of flow rate of the injection of the first aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 can be a 1:1 increase relative to the flow rate (and/or the turbidity measurement) of the incoming wastewater if desirable for efficient and adequate flocculation. - Furthermore, the flow rate at which first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into the
treatment line 105 is also dependent on the concentration of the polymer in the first aqueous polymer mixture. Thus; the lower the concentration of the polymer in the first aqueous polymer mixture, the greater the flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture that is needed to achieve the same results. Thecontroller 110 can control the, percent by weight of the raw polymer and the percent by weight of the recirculated water that together form the aqueous polymer mixture. Thus, if it is determined that the incoming wastewater turbidity is not at the extremely high levels, the percent by weight of the raw polymer in the aqueous polymer mixture can be decreased, whereas if the turbidity of the incoming wastewater is at the extremely high level, the percent by weight of the raw polymer in the aqueous polymer mixture can be increased by flowing an additional amount of the raw polymer into thetank 117. - Thus, the turbidity of the wastewater as measured by the
turbidity sensor 101 and the flow rate of the wastewater are transmitted to thecontroller 110. In turn, thecontroller 110 automatically adjusts the flow rate at which the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105 to accommodate the turbidity measurement and the flow rate of the incoming wastewater and properly treat the wastewater. Thecontroller 110 controls the flow rate at which the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105 by controlling the opening/closing of theadjustable valves 191/291 and/or by controlling activation of thepump 172. Thus, if thecontroller 110 determines that a greater amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture is desired to be introduced into the wastewater, thecontroller 110 can speed up operation of thepump 172 and/or increase the size of the opening in theadjustable valves 191/291. This automatic adjustment of the flow rate of the first aqueous polymer mixture injection occurs during operation of thewastewater treatment system 100. Thus, operation of thewastewater treatment system 100 does not need to be temporarily suspended during the adjustment period, but rather the adjustment occurs dynamically. - Referring to
FIGS. 2A-3 , as noted above thefirst polymer mixer 118 is located along and operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 at a location downstream of thefirst polymer injector 116. Thus, after the wastewater passes through thefirst polymer injector 116 and the first aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105, the combined wastewater/first aqueous polymer mixture flows into thefirst polymer mixer 118 to Form a first polymer treated wastewater. In some embodiments, the first aqueous polymer mixture can be injected directly into thefirst polymer mixer 118 by incorporating thefirst polymer injector 116 with thefirst polymer mixer 118. Whether or not the first aqueous polymer mixture can he injected directly into thefirst polymer mixer 118 is dependent upon the particular chemical/polymer that is used because different injection techniques work better with different polymers. - In the exemplified embodiment, the
first polymer mixer 118 is a large tank that allows for effective mixing of the first aqueous polymer mixture with the wastewater. Effective mixing of the first aqueous polymer mixture with the wastewater facilitates accumulation of the floc for ease of removal of the solids from the wastewater. In certain embodiments, thefirst polymer mixer 118 is a 1,050 gallon cone bottom tank that contains a propeller orblender 199 for facilitating mixing of the first aqueous polymer mixture with the wastewater. However, the invention is not so limited in all embodiments and the size of thefirst polymer mixer 118 can be larger or smaller than 1,050 gallons as desired. Moreover, the shape of thefirst polymer mixer 118 is not to be limiting of the present invention in all embodiments and in certain other embodiments thefirst polymer mixer 118 can be cylindrically shaped rather than having a cone shape at the bottom. - The
first polymer mixer 118 is operably coupled to aliquid level sensor 123 for monitoring a level of the liquid (i.e., the first polymer treated wastewater) within thefirst polymer mixer 118. Furthermore, atransfer pump 124 is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. Thetransfer pump 124 provides a hydraulic force to draw the first polymer treated wastewater from thefirst polymer mixer 118. In one preferred embodiment, thetransfer pump 124 is operably coupled to a variable frequency drive that can change the speed with which thetransfer pump 124 draws the first polymer treated wastewater from thefirst polymer mixer 118. Thetransfer pump 124 may be referred to herein as a variable frequency pump due to its operable coupling to the variable frequency drive. - The
transfer pump 124 operates so as to ensure that there is a substantially constant amount of the first polymer treated wastewater within thefirst polymer mixer 118. A substantially constant amount of the first polymer treated wastewater within thefirst polymer mixer 118 is maintained in order to promote a steady and unvarying mixing of the wastewater with the first aqueous polymer mixture. In one preferred embodiment, thetransfer pump 124 is aGoulds 4BF15AO 20 Hp unit. Of course, the invention is not to be limited by the exact type of pump used as thetransfer pump 124 and any other type of pump can be used. - In order to ensure that the liquid level of the first polymer treated wastewater in the
first polymer mixer 118 is maintained at a substantially constant level, theliquid level sensor 123 monitors the liquid level of the first polymer treated wastewater in thefirst polymer mixer 118. Theliquid level sensor 123 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110, which is programmed with a pre-determined liquid level threshold. Thus, if thecontroller 110, via signals received from theliquid level sensor 123, determines that the liquid level of the first polymer treated wastewater within thefirst polymer mixer 118 is above a pre-determined upper threshold, the speed of the variable frequency drive that operates thepump 124 increases in order to draw more of the first polymer treated wastewater from thefirst polymer mixer 118 to lower the liquid level of the first polymer treated wastewater within thefirst polymer mixer 118. Alternatively, if thecontroller 110, via signals received from theliquid level sensor 123, determines that the liquid level of the first polymer treated wastewater within thefirst polymer mixer 118 is below a pre-determined lower threshold, the speed of the variable frequency drive that operates thepump 124 decreases in order to enable more of the first polymer treated wastewater to fill thefirst polymer mixer 118. - In certain embodiments, the pre-determined upper threshold and the pre-determined lower threshold are substantially the same in order to maintain the liquid level of the first polymer treated wastewater at a substantially constant level. Moreover, in certain embodiments, this process occurs continuously to ensure a constant liquid level of the first polymer treated wastewater within the
first polymer mixer 118 is maintained. It should be understood that the exact liquid level of the pre-determined liquid upper and/or lower thresholds can be reconfigured and reprogrammed into thecontroller 110 as desired. - In certain embodiments, it is desirable to add a second aqueous polymer mixture into the
treatment line 105 to enhance coagulation/flocculation of the suspended solids within the wastewater and to further facilitate creation of the floc. Thus, thewastewater treatment system 100 further comprises asecond polymer injector 125 and athird polymer injector 126 that are each operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. Each of the second and thirdpolymer injection ports second polymer tank 127 by a secondpolymer injection line 163 and a thirdpolymer injection line 164, respectively. Thesecond polymer tank 127 contains the second aqueous polymer mixture therein. - Although there are two
polymer injectors second polymer tank 127, in most circumstances it is only desirable to inject the second aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 through one of thepolymer injectors second polymer injector 125 located along thetreatment line 105 after thefirst polymer mixer 118 and before thetransfer pump 124 and thethird polymer injector 126 located along thetreatment line 105 after thetransfer pump 124 and before asecond mixer 128, only one of the second andthird polymer injectors transfer pump 124 and other polymers work better being passively injected into the wastewater after thepump 124. Thus, depending on the exact polymer used in the second aqueous polymer mixture, the location at which the second aqueous polymer mixture is injected into thetreatment line 105 can be altered between thesecond polymer injector 125 and thethird polymer injector 126. - A
pump 173 is operably coupled to thesecond polymer tank 127 in order to facilitate drawing the second aqueous polymer mixture from thesecond polymer tank 127 and directing the second aqueous polymer mixture to one of the second andthird polymer injectors polymer injection line 163 and the thirdpolymer injection line 164, the secondpolymer injection line 163 is operably coupled to avalve 174 and the thirdpolymer injection line 164 is operably coupled to avalve 175. Moreover, each of thevalves controller 110 so that thecontroller 110 can open and close thevalves treatment line 105 at thesecond polymer injector 125, thevalve 174 is opened and thevalve 175 is closed. If it is desired to inject the second aqueous polymer mixture into thetreatment line 105 at thethird polymer injector 126, thevalve 175 is opened and thevalve 174 is closed. In certain embodiments, thevalves controller 110 and opening and closing of thevalves - Each of the second and
third polymer injectors polymer injectors FIGS. 4A-5B and discussed above. Thus, each of the second andthird polymer injectors third polymer injectors treatment line 105 at multiple points simultaneously as has been described herein above with regard to thefirst polymer injector 116. Filling of thesecond polymer tank 127 with the second aqueous polymer mixture will be described in detail below with reference toFIGS. 3 and 6 . After the wastewater passes through the second and/orthird polymer injectors - After the
transfer pump 124 draws the first polymer treated wastewater from thefirst polymer mixer 118 and back into thetreatment line 105 and through each of the second and thirdpolymer injection ports second mixer 128 that is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. Thesecond mixer 128 is an in-line mixer similar in structure to themixer 115 described above. Thesecond mixer 128 facilitates mixing of the first polymer treated wastewater with the second aqueous polymer mixture to further facilitate the flocculation of the solids suspended within the wastewater. - Downstream of the
second mixer 128, the second polymer treated wastewater continues to flow along thetreatment line 105 into aseparator 129. Theseparator 129 is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105. In certain embodiments, theseparator 129 is connected in-line with thetreatment line 105. Moreover, in certain other embodiments, theseparator 129 can be a permeable membrane, such as a high-strength, permeable, specially designed textile known as a Geotube®. However, the invention is not to be so limited and theseparator 129 can also be any one of a sediment tank, settling pond, clarifier, etc. The invention will be described below with regard to a permeable membrane acting as theseparator 129. However, it should be understood that any of the above components can be used in place of the permeable membrane as desired. - Referring to
FIGS. 2B , 3, 8A and 8B concurrently, one preferred embodiment of theseparator 129 will be discussed in more detail. Theseparator 129 is a stainless steel chamber that is divided into twoseparate compartments compartments first compartment 129A can operate while thesecond compartment 129B is being serviced and vice versa as will be described in more detail below. Each of thecompartments compartments compartments separator 129 in all embodiments, and thecompartments compartments compartments door - As water flows along the
treatment line 105 towards theseparator 129, thetreatment line 105 splits into a compartment onetreatment line 105A and a compartment twotreatment line 105B. The system is designed so that the polymer treated wastewater can flow into only one of the first andsecond compartments second compartments treatment line 105A is operably coupled to avalve 132A and the compartment twotreatment line 105B is operably coupled to avalve 132B. In the exemplified embodiment, each of thevalves controller 110 to automate opening and closing of thevalves valves 132A, 1328 may not be operably coupled to thecontroller 110 and operation of thevalves - During operation when the
valve 132A is open and thevalve 132B is closed, the polymer treated wastewater will flow past themixer 128, past thevalve 132A, through the compartment onetreatment line 105A and into thefirst compartment 129A while being prevented from entering into the compartment twotreatment line 105B by thevalve 132B. Within thefirst compartment 129A, the polymer treated wastewater flows into the permeable membrane that is housed within thefirst compartment 129A. The permeable membrane within thefirst compartment 129A traps the flocculated suspended solids 310 (seeFIG. 2B ) within the polymer treated wastewater, while allowing treated water 311 (seeFIG. 2B ) with the flocculated suspended solids removed to flow through the separator 129 (i.e., permeable membrane). The treatedwater 311 that flows through theseparator 129 will flow out of thefirst compartment 129A and into asump 131 that is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 downstream of theseparator 129. - While the treated water is flowing out of the
first compartment 129A, theflocculated solids 310 are trapped within the permeable membrane that is housed within thefirst compartment 129A. This process continues until the permeable membrane within thefirst compartment 129A is completely filled with theflocculated solids 310. At this time, the system 100 (i.e., the controller 110) will close thevalve 132A that provides entry into thefirst compartment 129A and open thevalve 132B that provides entry into thesecond compartment 129B. Of course, in other embodiments thevalves controller 110 operates thevalves compartments first compartment 129A exceeds a threshold, thecontroller 110 will determine that the first compartment is full and that thevalve 132A should be closed and that thevalve 132B should be opened. - As a result, without discontinuing the flow of the polymer treated wastewater into the
separator 129, the polymer treated wastewater will begin entry into thesecond compartment 129B and stop entering into thefirst compartment 129A. At this time, an operator can approach thefirst compartment 129A and open the hingeddoor 130A to gain access to the permeable membrane housed within thefirst compartment 129A. Because the permeable membrane housed within thefirst compartment 129A is full ofsolids 310, the operator can remove the permeable membrane and replace it with a new permeable membrane, or can clean the permeable membrane by removing the solids from it. Once solids are removed from the permeable membrane, it can be replaced back into thefirst compartment 129A. - Furthermore, in certain instances the permeable membrane becomes blinded despite it not being full of solids. In such instances, an operator can power wash the outside of the membrane to clear out any blinding solids and place the membrane back into service. For removal and replacement of the permeable membrane, a 25 yard roll off box can he placed at or near the back of the trailer. The permeable membrane has pulling straps that allows a tractor or heavy equipment to attach a strap and pull the permeable membrane from the
compartment 129A into the roll off box for disposal or applying the solids with other excavated solids at the site. - In some embodiments, the
compartments FIG. 13 ). This would be done in cases where a larger amount of solids are being processed and a larger container and permeable membrane is being used. Furthermore, in certain embodiments thesystem 100 includes compartments that are located within the trailer and compartments that are located external to the trailer. In such embodiments, thesystem 100 can determine whether to flow the wastewater through the internal or external separator compartments, or both, depending on efficiency calculations that can be completed manually or automatically by the properly programmedcontroller 110. - As noted above, water will leave the
separator 129 as treatedwater 311 because the suspendedsolids 310 will have been removed, the pH will have been treated (if necessary), and the water should at that stage be at or near required discharge limitations. As used herein, the term wastewater may include the untreated water, the water after treatment with the first aqueous polymer mixture, the water after treatment with the second aqueous polymer mixture and the water after it passes through the separator. However, the wastewater may be referred to with different terms at different locations within thetreatment line 105 as a result of the treatment that it is receiving. - Thus, in certain embodiments, the water comes into the
wastewater treatment system 100 as wastewater. After the wastewater passes through the pHadjustment chemical injector 114, the wastewater becomes a pH treated wastewater. After the pH treated wastewater passes through thefirst polymer injector 116, the pH treated wastewater becomes a first polymer treated wastewater. After the first polymer treated wastewater passes through the second and/or thethird polymer injectors 125, 126 (depending upon which of the second and/orthird polymer injectors separator 129, the second polymer treated wastewater becomes treated water. - As the treated
water 311 leaves theseparator 129, the treatedwater 311 will enter into thesump 131. Operably coupled to thesump 131 is aliquid level sensor 133 and atransfer pump 134. Moreover, each of theliquid level sensor 133 and thetransfer pump 134 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 to further automate operation of thesystem 100. As will be described in detail below, operation of thetransfer pump 134 is controlled by thecontroller 110 in response to signals received by thecontroller 110 from theliquid level sensor 133. In certain embodiments, thetransfer pump 134 is a Goulds 413F15AO20 Hp unit. Of course, the invention is not to be limited by the exact pump used as thetransfer pump 134. Moreover, in certain embodiments thetransfer pump 134 can be replaced by any other mechanism that is capable of drawing water from thesump 131 for further processing and treatment. - The
liquid level sensor 133 continuously monitors the liquid level of the treated water within thesump 131. When theliquid level sensor 133 detects that the liquid level of the treated water within thesump 131 is below a pre-determined lower threshold, thetransfer pump 134 is turned off and the treated water is not drawn from thesump 131. When theliquid level sensor 133 detects that the liquid level of the treated water within the sump is above a pre-determined upper threshold, thetransfer pump 134 is turned on and the treated water is drawn from thesump 131. Moreover, if theliquid level sensor 133 detects that the liquid level of the treated water within thesump 131 is above a pre-determined dangerous threshold, thewastewater introduction pump 50 and thetransfer pump 124 will both be turned off to shut down thewastewater treatment system 100. Thus, theliquid level sensor 133 will detect if theseparator 129 becomes overwhelmed and overflowed with wastewater and solids such that thewastewater treatment system 100 needs to slow down or shut down to enable theseparator 129 to be cleaned or replaced. Even if thewastewater introduction pump 50 and thetransfer pump 124 are shut down, thetransfer pump 134 will continue normal operations in order to continue drawing water from thesump 131 as water continues to enter into thesump 131 from theseparator 129. - In certain embodiments, the
liquid level sensor 133 is a float that transmits signals representative of the liquid level of the treated water in thesump 131 to thecontroller 110 so that thecontroller 110 can automatically control operation of the transfer pump 134 (and, in certain situations as described above, also thewastewater introduction pump 50 and the transfer pump 124). Of course, the invention is not limited to theliquid level sensor 133 being a float, and theliquid level sensor 133 can take on other forms. - Referring to
FIGS. 3 and 9 concurrently, thewastewater treatment system 100 will be further described. In order to monitor the effectiveness of the first and second/third polymer injectors separator 129, the treated water will be pumped into thetreatment line 105 from thesump 131 by thetransfer pump 134 and the treated water will pass through asecond turbidity sensor 135 and asecond pH sensor 136. Thesecond turbidity sensor 135 will measure the turbidity of the treated water in NTU and thesecond pH sensor 136 will measure the pH of the treated water. If the turbidity and pH of the treated water is not in compliance with regulated discharge limitations, the treated water can be re-circulated back into thewater source 20 or other location from where it came, or it can be re-circulated back into thewastewater treatment system 100 at a location prior to the first pH andturbidity sensors - The
second turbidity sensor 135 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 via aturbidity transmitter 176 and thesecond pH sensor 136 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 via apH transmitter 177. More specifically, thesecond turbidity sensor 135 is operably coupled to theturbidity transmitter 176 by awire 313 and theturbidity transmitter 176 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 by awire 314. Thesecond pH sensor 136 is operably coupled to thepH transmitter 177 by awire 315 and thepH transmitter 177 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 by awire 316. Although the connections between the second turbidity andpH sensors transmitters controller 110 are illustrated with wires, other connection techniques can be used such as wireless communication. - The
second turbidity sensor 135 is operably coupled to a second sensor flow line 206. The second sensor flow line 206 has aninlet 206A and anoutlet 206B, each of which is fluidly coupled to thetreatment line 105. Thus, only a portion of the treated water that flows through the second sensor flow line 206 is tested for turbidity and pH by the second turbidity andpH sensors pH sensors treatment line 105. The flow of treated water into and out of the second sensor flow line 206 is controlled by aninlet valve 207 and anoutlet valve 208, which can be manually operated or automatically operated by virtue of an operable coupling to thecontroller 110. Apressure gauge 209 is also operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 for measuring the pressure of the treated water as it flows through thetreatment line 105. Thepressure gauge 209 is operably coupled to apressure transmitter 210, which in turn is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 by awire 317. Moreover,additional strut channels 302 are provided for supporting the electrical, plumbing and mechanical components of thesystem 100. - During use of the
wastewater treatment system 100, a portion of the wastewater will flow through thetreatment line 105 while another portion of the wastewater flows through the sensor flow line 206 for, testing by the pH andturbidity sensors inlet valve 207 as noted above. When wastewater flows passed theinlet valve 207, the wastewater flows into adole valve 319. Thedole valve 319 is similar to thedole valve 309 described above in that it is a restriction in the piping that ensures that the wastewater flows through the sensor flow line 206 at a constant flow rate, such as between 0-20 gallons per minute, 5-15 gallons per minute, or more preferably approximately five gallons per minute. The flow rate of the wastewater through the sensor flow line 206 is specifically calculated to ensure that the second turbidity andpH sensors - After passing through the second turbidity and
sensors treatment line 105 through theoutlet 206B of the sensor flow line 206. Downstream of the second turbidity andpH sensors sand filter system 137 that is operably and fluidly coupled to thetreatment line 105. - Referring now to
FIGS. 2A-3 , thesand filter system 137 will be further described. In certain embodiments, thesand filter system 137 is formed by three stainless steel thirty-six inch diametersand pod filters sand filter system 137. When the differential of the water pressure across thesand filter system 137 becomes too high, thesand filter system 137 will automatically backwash. During backwashing, water passes through two of the three sand pod filters of thesand filter system 137 and is used to backwash the third pod of thesand filter system 137. Backwashing is completed on an adjustable timer. In certain embodiments, backwashed water is re-directed into thewater source 20 for re-processing. In other embodiments the backwashed water can be redirected into thewastewater treatment system 100 at a desired location, such as upstream of thefirst polymer injector 116, directly into themixing tank 118, or at any other location as desired depending on the amount of treatment that is required for the backwashed water. After thefirst pod 137A of thesand pod system 137 is finished automatically backwashing, thesecond pod 137B of thesand filter system 137 and then thethird pod 137C of thesand filter system 137 are backwashed. Thesand filter system 137 captures any remaining solids from the treated water that were able to pass through theseparator 129. - In certain preferred embodiments, the three sand pod
sand filter system 137 can filter an average of at least 300 gallons of treated water per minute. Each of the threepods 137A-C contains approximately 800 pounds of silica sand having 0.44-0.55 uniformity with a coefficient of 1.6 (2,400 pounds total) and approximately 400 pounds of ¾×½ gravel (1,200 pounds total). Of course, other weights, uniformities and coefficients of silica sand, gravel and other known materials used for sand pod systems can be used in place of the above. - From the
sand filter system 137, the treated water flows along thetreatment line 105 into abag filter system 138 for final polishing. In certain embodiments, thebag filter system 138 comprises four stainless steelbag filter housings bag filter housings 138A-D are arranged and plumbed in parallel to allow changing of bag filters without shutting down the system. Thus, while the firstbag filter housing 138A of thebag filter system 138 is being changed or replaced, the other threebag filter housings 138B-D will continue to polish the treated water. Thebag filter system 138 further comprises a pressure monitor for monitoring a pressure of the filter housings. When the pressure differential achieves a set or pre-determined pressure, the orange light will illuminate on thetrailer 10 to indicate that an operator is needed to service the bag filters. - After leaving the
bag filter system 138, the treated water will pass through athird turbidity sensor 139 and athird pH sensor 140. Although not illustrated, the treated water will also preferably pass through a flow meter and a check valve downstream of thebag filter system 138 to further ensure that thewastewater treatment system 100 is operating properly. - Referring to
FIGS. 3 and 10 concurrently, thethird turbidity sensor 139 and thethird pH sensor 140 will be further described. Thethird turbidity sensor 139 and thethird pH sensor 140 are the final monitoring sensors of the water to confirm compliance with regulated discharge limitations. Water being discharged to fresh water streams or elsewhere must comply with strictly regulated limitations in terms of pH and turbidity so as not to damage the ecological systems or environment into which the water is being discharged. Therefore, if the treated water fails to comply with discharge limitations for pH or turbidity, the entirewastewater treatment system 100 will shut down. Furthermore or alternatively, if the treated water fails to comply with discharge limitations as noted above, the treated water can be re-circulated back through the system by discharging the treated water back to thewater source 20 or re-circulating the treated water back into thewastewater treatment system 100 at a location prior to the first turbidity andpH sensors wastewater treatment system 100. - Moreover, the
third turbidity sensor 139 is operably coupled to athird turbidity transmitter 239 via awire 320 and thethird turbidity transmitter 239 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 by awire 321. Furthermore, thethird pH sensor 140 is operably coupled to athird pH transmitter 240 by awire 322 and thethird pH transmitter 240 is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 by awire 323. In the exemplified embodiment, thethird turbidity sensor 139 and thethird pH sensor 140 are operably coupled to asensor flow line 241. In certain other embodiments, thesensor flow line 241 may be omitted and the third turbidity andpH sensors treatment line 105.Additional strut channels 304 are present for supporting the electrical, plumbing and mechanical components of thesystem 100. - The wastewater enters into the
sensor flow line 241 through a valve 249 similar to what has been described above with regard to thesensor flow lines 106, 206. Upon passing through the valve 249, the wastewater must pass through adole valve 329. Thedole valve 329 is similar to thedole valves dole valve 329 is a restriction in the piping that ensures that the wastewater flows through thesensor flow line 241 at a constant flow rate. Thedole valve 329 has the appearance of a normal pipe coupling, but comprises an internal orifice that restricts the gallons per minute that can flow through thedole valve 329. The wastewater can flow through thedole valve 329 between 0-20 gallons per minute, 5-15 gallons per minute, or more preferably approximately five gallons per minute. The flow rate of the wastewater through thesensor flow line 241 is specifically selected to ensure that thethird pH sensor 140 and thethird turbidity sensor 139 can adequately and accurately measure the pH and turbidity of the wastewater. - In some embodiments, the
third turbidity sensor 139 and thethird pH sensor 140 may cause thecontroller 110 to automatically adjust the flow rate of the incoming wastewater into thetreatment line 105 and the amount of the pH adjustment chemical that is injected into thetreatment line 105. Thus, if it is determined that the pH and turbidity levels are not up to compliance with regulated discharge limitations, adjustments can be automatically made within thewastewater treatment system 100 by controlling operation of various of the previously described pumps and valves based on signals sent to thecontroller 110 from the third turbidity andpH sensors - Referring again solely to
FIG. 3 , thewastewater treatment system 100 will be further described. Located downstream from thethird turbidity sensor 139 and thethird pH sensor 140 is avalve 178. Thevalve 178 is operably connected to thetreatment line 105, thecontroller 110 and to arecirculation line 150. In the exemplified embodiment, thevalve 178 is a three-way valve. However, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and thevalve 178 can be formed by two two-way valves of any other configuration of multiple valves as desired. - The
valve 178 comprises adischarge valve passageway 178A that permits or prohibits treated water from flowing through thetreatment line 105 to anoutlet 141 and arecirculation valve passageway 178B that permits or prohibits treated water from flowing through thetreatment line 105 to therecirculation line 150. If the treated water leaving thebag filter system 138 has a measured pH and turbidity level that complies with discharge limitations, thedischarge valve portion 178A of thevalve 178 will be opened to enable a portion of the treated water to flow through thetreatment line 105 to theoutlet 141 for discharge. If thewastewater treatment system 100 is housed within thetrailer 10, theoutlet 141 will discharge the treated water from thetrailer 10. Theoutlet 141 may be coupled to a discharge pipe, such as the effluent line 55 (seeFIG. 1 ) that will take the treated water to the desired location, which may be a stream, a lake, a river, an ocean or any other desired and appropriate location for the discharge of treated water. - As noted above, only a portion of the treated water is discharged from the
outlet 141 to the desired location. Another portion of the treated water, referred to herein as the re-circulated portion of the treated water, flows through there-circulation line 150 oldiewastewater treatment system 100 and is used to form the first and second aqueous polymer mixtures that are stored in the first andsecond polymer tanks recirculation line 150 is operably coupled to thetreatment line 105 downstream of thebag filter 138. In the exemplified embodiment, therecirculation line 150 is also downstream of the third turbidity andpH sensors recirculation line 150 when therecirculation valve passageway 178B is opened. The degree to which the recirculation valve passageway 1788 is opened can be controlled so that it can be fully opened to enable a full flow of treated water into therecirculation line 150 or partially opened to enable only a partial flow of treated water into therecirculation line 150. Once therecirculation valve passageway 178B is opened, the recirculated portion of the treated water flows through therecirculation line 150 until it reaches first and secondautomated valves - There are several components that are operably and fluidly coupled to the
recirculation line 150. The components that are operably and fluidly coupled to the recirculation line are used to refill the first andsecond polymer tanks raw polymer tank 144, a secondraw polymer tank 145, and twomixers re-circulation line 150. However, in certain embodiments as will be discussed in detail below with reference toFIG. 13 , the first andsecond polymer tanks - The first
raw polymer tank 144 contains a first raw polymer. As will be described in detail below, the first raw polymer is mixed with the re-circulated portion of the treated water to form the first aqueous polymer mixture, which is then stored in thefirst polymer tank 117. The first raw polymer is a polymer that flocculates solids that are suspended within the wastewater. Examples of polymers that can be used as the first raw polymer includes chitosan or any other polymer that is designed to accomplish the desired effect. - The second
raw polymer tank 145 contains a second raw polymer. As will be described in detail below, the second raw polymer is mixed with the re-circulated portion of the treated water to form the second aqueous polymer mixture, which is then stored in thesecond polymer tank 127. The second raw polymer assists with the flocculation of solids that are suspended within the wastewater. Examples of polymers that can be used as the second raw polymer includes LBP-2101 or any other polymer that is designed to accomplish the desired effect. - Referring to
FIGS. 3 and 6 concurrently, the automatic refill feature of the first andsecond polymer tanks first polymer tank 117 is automatically refilled as described below. As mentioned above, thefirst polymer tank 117 is operably coupled to theliquid level sensor 148, which is also operably coupled to thecontroller 110. Theliquid level sensor 148 monitors a liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture within thefirst polymer tank 117. When the liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture within thefirst polymer tank 117 is above a pre-determined upper threshold, the firstautomated valve 142 is closed, thereby preventing the recirculated portion of the treated water from flowing into thefirst polymer tank 117. However, when the liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture within thefirst polymer tank 117 is at or below a pre-determined lower threshold, thecontroller 110 opens the firstautomated valve 142 to enable the re-circulated portion of the treated water to flow through afirst refill line 151 towards thefirst polymer tank 117. - Simultaneous with the opening of the first
automated valve 142, thecontroller 110 operates apump 153 that is operably coupled to the firstraw polymer tank 144. Thus, thepump 153 draws the first raw polymer from the firstraw polymer tank 144, thereby introducing the first raw polymer into the re-circulated portion of the treated water in thefirst refill line 151. It should be understood that thefirst refill line 151 is operably coupled to therecirculation line 150 and can be considered to form a portion of therecirculation line 150. Moreover, although the invention is herein described with thecontroller 110 automating operation of the firstautomated valve 142 and thepump 153, the firstautomated valve 142 and thepump 153 can be operated manually in other embodiments. - The combined re-circulated portion of the treated water and first raw polymer flow through the
mixer 146. In the exemplified embodiment, themixer 146 is operably coupled to thefirst refill line 151 in a U-configuration. The U-configuration optimizes mixing of the recirculated portion of the treated water with the first raw polymer. However, the invention is not to be limited to themixer 146 having a U-configuration and in other embodiments themixer 146 can be positioned in-line with thefirst refill line 151. - The
first mixer 146 mixes the re-circulated portion of the treated water with the first raw polymer to form the first aqueous polymer mixture. The first aqueous polymer mixture then passes through themixer 146 and flows along and within thefirst refill line 151 until it enters into thefirst polymer tank 117 where it is stored for use as has been described in detail above. The re-circulated portion of the treated water is allowed to flow past theautomated valve 142 until theliquid level sensor 148 measures that the liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture in thefirst polymer tank 117 rises to at or above a predetermined upper threshold. At such time, theautomated valve 142 is closed (either automatically by thecontroller 110 or manually by a user) so that the re-circulated portion of the treated water can no longer flow towards thefirst polymer tank 117. At the same time, thepump 153 ceases operation (also either automatically by thecontroller 110 or manually by a user) so that the first raw polymer is no longer introduced into thefirst refill line 151. The firstautomated valve 142 remains closed and thepump 153 remains off until the liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture in thefirst polymer tank 117 is again below the pre-determined lower threshold, at which time the process of opening theautomated valve 142 and operating thepump 153 occurs again as described above. - Thus, a batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture is stored in the
first polymer tank 117. The batch of the first aqueous polymer mixture is formed as described above by injecting or introducing the first raw polymer into the re-circulated portion of the treated water. Theliquid level sensor 148 monitors the liquid level of the batch and forms an additional amount of the first aqueous polymer mixture as described above when the liquid level of the batch falls below the predetermined lower threshold. Furthermore, as noted above thecontroller 110 can determine, based on data transmitted to thecontroller 110 from the transmitters and sensors, how dilute to make the aqueous polymer mixture and can alter the amount of pure polymer, in terms of percent by weight, is in the aqueous polymer mixture stored in thefirst polymer tank 117. - The first aqueous polymer mixture has a usable life cycle. After the expiration of the usable life cycle of the first aqueous polymer mixture, the effectiveness of the first aqueous polymer mixture drops below a pre-determined acceptable value. In the exemplified embodiment and as described herein, the life cycle is dictated by the aqueous polymer mixture rather than the raw polymer. It should be understood that in embodiments where the raw polymer is not mixed with water prior to introduction into the
treatment line 105, the usable life cycle may be dictated by the raw polymer. The life cycle of any given aqueous polymer mixture or raw polymer is provided by the manufacturer or may merely be understood in the art. - The first aqueous polymer mixture is most effective when it is used within a period of time. After the period of time expires, the first aqueous polymer mixture is either ineffective or less than optimally effective. As such, the maximum volume of the batch that is stored in the
first polymer tank 117 is carefully selected so that a single turnover of the batch is achieved within the usable life cycle of the first aqueous polymer mixture. Thus, the pre-determined upper threshold of the liquid level of the first aqueous polymer mixture in thefirst polymer tank 117 corresponds with a carefully selected maximum volume of the first aqueous polymer mixture. In a single turnover of the batch, the entirety of the maximum volume of the first aqueous polymer mixture is depleted during the usable life cycle of the first aqueous polymer mixture. - As a non-limiting example, some polymers (raw polymers and/or aqueous polymer mixtures) are only fully operable for twenty-four hours. In such a circumstance, it is desirable that the polymer is completely used during that twenty-four hour time period to reduce waste and optimize effectiveness. Thus, the batch size of the aqueous polymer mixture in the
first polymer tank 117 will be chosen so that the entire batch is used up within the twenty-four hour time period. Thewastewater treatment system 100 can automatically adjust the batch size according to the life cycle of the polymer that is being used and in response to changes in the flow rate of the aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater as has been described in detail above. - Still referring to
FIGS. 3 and 6 concurrently, thesecond polymer tank 127 is automatically refilled in a manner similar to the refilling of thefirst polymer tank 117 discussed above. Thesecond polymer tank 127 is operably coupled to aliquid level sensor 149. Theliquid level sensor 149 is in turn operably coupled to thecontroller 110. Theliquid level sensor 149 monitors a liquid level of the second aqueous polymer mixture in thesecond polymer tank 127. When the liquid level of the second aqueous polymer mixture within the secondaqueous polymer tank 127 is at or above a pre-determined upper threshold, the secondautomated valve 143 remains closed. However, when the liquid level of the second aqueous polymer mixture within thesecond polymer tank 127 is at or below a pre-determined lower threshold, the secondautomated valve 143 opens to enable the re-circulated portion of the treated water to flow through asecond refill line 152. In the exemplified embodiment, operation (opening/closing) of the secondautomated valve 143 is achieved automatically by thecontroller 110 in response to signals received from theliquid level sensor 149 regarding the liquid level of the second aqueous polymer mixture within the secondaqueous polymer tank 127. However, the invention is not so limited in all embodiments and operation of the secondautomated valve 143 may be accomplished manually in certain other embodiments. - Simultaneous with the opening of the second
automated valve 143, apump 154 that is operably coupled to the secondraw polymer tank 145 draws the second raw polymer from the secondraw polymer tank 145. Thepump 154 is also operably coupled to thecontroller 110 so that operation or thepump 154 can be completely automated. Of course, the invention is not to be so limited in all embodiments and in certain other embodiments operation of thepump 154 can he accomplished manually. Drawing the second raw polymer from the secondraw polymer tank 145 results in the second raw polymer flowing and being introduced into the re-circulated portion of the treated water in thesecond refill line 152. In the exemplified embodiment, thesecond refill line 152 is operably coupled to therecirculation line 150. However, it should be understood that in certain other embodiments thesecond refill line 152 forms a part of therecirculation line 150. - The combined re-circulated portion of the treated water and second raw polymer flow through the
mixer 147 that is operably coupled to thesecond refill line 152 in a U-configuration. The U-configuration optimizes mixing of the recirculated portion of the treated water with the first raw polymer. However, the invention is not to be limited to themixer 147 having a U-configuration and in other embodiments themixer 147 can be positioned in-line with thesecond refill line 152. Themixer 147 mixes the re-circulated portion of the treated water with the second raw polymer to form the second aqueous polymer mixture. The second aqueous polymer mixture then passes through themixer 147 until it enters into thesecond polymer tank 127 where it is stored for use as has been described in detail above. - The re-circulated portion of the treated water is allowed to flow past the second
automated valve 143 until theliquid level sensor 149 determines that the liquid level of the second aqueous polymer mixture has reached a predetermined upper threshold. At such time, the secondautomated valve 143 is closed (either automatically by thecontroller 110 or manually) so that the re-circulated portion of the treated water can no longer flow through thesecond refill line 152 towards thesecond polymer tank 127. At substantially the same time, thepump 154 ceases operation (also either automatically by thecontroller 110 or manually) so that the second raw polymer is no longer introduced into thesecond refill line 152. The secondautomated valve 143 remains closed and thepump 154 remains off until the liquid level of the second aqueous polymer mixture in thesecond polymer tank 127 is once again measured at or below the pre-determined lower threshold. - In furtherance to the above, additional features can be incorporated into the
wastewater treatment system 100 of the present invention. In certain circumstances, it may be determined that thewastewater treatment system 100 is not satisfactorily treating the wastewater to comply with required discharge limitations. In such a situation, the improperly treated water may be re-circulated back to thewater source 20 to be re-treated. Thus, if either one of the pH or the turbidity of the treated water is not within required discharge limitations as the treated water passes through thethird turbidity sensor 139 and thethird pH sensor 140, the treated water will be sent back from where it came for retreatment through thewastewater treatment system 100. The operator will be alerted that the water is not meeting required discharge limitations so that any required maintenance can be made. Furthermore, thewastewater treatment system 100 may go through a system shut-down until thewastewater treatment system 100 is serviced. - Moreover, it may be determined that the incoming wastewater has a pH level and turbidity level that complies with required discharge limitations as it passes through the
first pH sensor 102 and thefirst turbidity sensor 101. In such a circumstance, it would be redundant and not cost-effective to send that wastewater through thewastewater treatment system 100. Therefore, thewastewater treatment system 100 can be configured with a bypass line that will bypass the entire system and discharges the incoming wastewater directly to the desired location, such as a fresh water stream or the like. This bypass feature is a removable feature such that it can be removed or blocked off from thewastewater treatment system 100 entirely when it is undesirable. - Referring now to
FIGS. 11-13 , a second embodiment of awastewater treatment system 500 will be described. In describing thewastewater treatment system 500, many components, parts, tanks, valves, conduits, etc. will be the same as those which were described above with regard to thewastewater treatment system 100. Thus, similar features and components will be similarly numbered and will not be described in detail below in the interest of brevity. It should be appreciated that various combinations of thewastewater treatment systems - The
wastewater treatment system 500 is housed within atrailer 510 which is similar to thetrailer 10 described above. However, thetrailer 510 includes a pair offlood lights 501 over thedoor 52 and a set of system alarm lights 502A-502C. The system alarm lights 502A-502C have been described in detail above and include a systemclear light 502C, a system warning light 502B and asystem alarm light 502A. When the systemclear light 502C is illuminated, an operator will be made aware that the system is in proper operation and no maintenance is required. When the system warning light 502B is illuminated, the operator will be made aware that although the system is operating, there is an issue that needs the operator's attention. When thesystem alarm light 502A is illuminated, the operator will be made aware that a serious issue has arisen with the system, and likely the system will be shutdown at this time. - Another difference between the
trailer 510 and thetrailer 10 is that thetrailer 510 includes abackwash line 56. Thebackwash line 56 takes all backwash water from thesand filter system 137 and flows the backwash water back into thewater source 20. Thus all water that is used in the backwashing procedure will be taken back to the original source of the wastewater and will be retreated by thewastewater treatment system 500. - Referring now to
FIGS. 12A-13 concurrently, thewastewater treatment system 500 will be further described. As noted above, only components and processes of thesystem 500 that are different from thesystem 100 will be described. All components and processes of thesystem 500 that are the same as has already been described with regard to thesystem 100 will be similarly numbered and not described in detail again in the interest of brevity. - In the
wastewater treatment system 500, the polymer injection technique is different than in thewastewater treatment system 100. Specifically, the firstaqueous polymer tank 117 and the secondaqueous polymer tank 127 are omitted in thewastewater treatment system 500. Thus, the raw polymer and the recirculated water are not stored in a tank as a batch prior to injection into thewastewater treatment system 500 for treating the wastewater. Rather, the recirculated water and the raw polymers are mixed on the fly or dynamically, and then injected directly into thewastewater treatment system 500 without prior storage in a tank as an aqueous polymer mixture. - However, a
clean water tank 440 is incorporated into thewastewater treatment system 500 to capture and retain water from therecirculation line 150. Thus, in thewastewater treatment system 500, the treated water flows from therecirculation line 150 into theclean water tank 440 and is held in theclean water tank 440 until its use to mix with the raw polymers in the first and secondraw polymer tanks wastewater treatment system 500, apump 441 is operated to pump clean (i.e., recirculated) water from theclean water tank 440. The amount of recirculated water that is pumped from theclean water tank 440 is determined by thecontroller 110 in response to the turbidity, pH and flow rate data of the wastewater that is transmitted to thecontroller 110. - Upon leaving the
clean water tank 440, the clean water splits into thefirst refill line 151 and thesecond refill line 152. Upon entering thefirst refill line 151, avalve 442 is present that opens and closes when it is desired to mix the clean water with the first raw polymer stored in the firstraw polymer tank 144. Thus, the clean water enters into thefirst refill line 151, passes through the valve 442 (which is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 for controlling opening and closing of the valve 442), and combines with the first raw polymer which is being pumped from the firstraw polymer tank 144 via thepump 153. Once the clean water combines with the first raw polymer, the combined liquid passes through themixer 146 to properly and adequately form the aqueous polymer mixture that is going to be used to treat the wastewater. After passing through themixer 146, the aqueous polymer mixture flows directly into thepolymer injector 116 in the manner as has been described in detail above. Thus, the aqueous polymer mixture is never stored in a tank. Rather, the raw polymer is stored in araw polymer tank 144 and the clean water (i.e. recirculated water) is stored in aclean water tank 440, and the raw polymer is mixed with the recirculated water dynamically and then injected directly into the wastewater without being stored in a tank. - Similarly, the clean water that enters into the
second refill line 152 reaches a valve 443 (which is operably coupled to thecontroller 110 for controlling opening and closing of the valve 443), and combines with the second raw polymer which is being pumped from the secondraw polymer tank 145 via thepump 154. Once the clean water combines with the second raw polymer, the combined liquids pass through themixer 147 to properly and adequately form the aqueous polymer mixture that is going to be used to treat the wastewater. After passing through themixer 147, the aqueous polymer mixture flows directly into one of the second orthird polymer injectors system 500. Thus, as noted above thewastewater treatment system 500 eliminates the storage of the aqueous polymer mixture, but rather stores the clean water and the raw polymers in separate tanks, and then combines the clean water and the raw polymers dynamically or on the fly to create an aqueous polymer mixture that is injected directly into the wastewater. - Another difference in the
wastewater treatment system 500 is the inclusion of abypass line 550. One end of thebypass line 550 is operably and fluidly coupled to thetreatment line 105 downstream of thefirst polymer injector 116 and the other end of thebypass line 550 is operably and fluidly coupled to thetreatment line 105 at a location downstream of the bag filters 138. Of course, in other embodiments the first end of thebypass line 550 may be coupled to thetreatment line 105 upstream of thefirst polymer injector 116 in instances where no treatment of the wastewater is desired because it is already providing turbidity and pH measurements that are within the required discharge limitations. - Yet another difference in the
wastewater treatment system 500 is the inclusion of anadditional separator 445, such as a Geotube, located external to thetrailer 510. Aflow line 447 is connected to thetreatment line 105 downstream of themixer 128 and upstream of theseparator 129. Furthermore, avalve 444 is located on theflow line 447 to control the flow of wastewater into theflow line 447 and into theseparator 445. In certain instances, it may be desirable to flow the wastewater to a location external to the trailer to remove the suspended solids, such as when the solids are excessively large in size. In this manner, theseparator 445 can be larger than theseparator 129 due to the size constraints within thetrailer 510. Thus, theseparator 445 is capable of handing larger particles for removal from the wastewater. Apump 446 is operably coupled to theseparator 445 and to thecontroller 110. Thus, thesystem 500 is preprogrammed to operate thepump 446 to pump the water from theseparator 445 as desired. The water leaving theseparator 445 flows along theflow line 447 into thetreatment line 105 at a location directly upstream of thesump 131 and downstream of the sand filters 137. - In certain of the claims of the present invention, the steps are written in a particular order. However, it should be understood that some of the steps can take place concurrently. Specifically, some of the steps occur in a continual manner such that those steps occur concurrently with the steps that precede and/or follow.
- As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references cited herein are hereby incorporated by referenced in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference, the present disclosure controls.
- While the invention has been described with respect to specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and techniques. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, the spirit and scope of the invention should he construed broadly as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (22)
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US13/470,915 Abandoned US20120285894A1 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2012-05-14 | System and method for the treatment of wastewater |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9682876B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
US20120285895A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
US20170267559A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
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