US20120237336A1 - Gas turbine engine gear train - Google Patents
Gas turbine engine gear train Download PDFInfo
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- US20120237336A1 US20120237336A1 US13/486,810 US201213486810A US2012237336A1 US 20120237336 A1 US20120237336 A1 US 20120237336A1 US 201213486810 A US201213486810 A US 201213486810A US 2012237336 A1 US2012237336 A1 US 2012237336A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gear
- recited
- star
- turbine engine
- journal
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/027—Arrangements for balancing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
- F02C3/107—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor with two or more rotors connected by power transmission
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
- F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
- F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
- F02K3/06—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/70—Slinger plates or washers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
- F05D2260/34—Balancing of radial or axial forces on regenerative rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05D2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05D2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05D2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05D2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
- F05D2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclical, planetary or differential type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H2057/085—Bearings for orbital gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
- F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
- F16H57/0423—Lubricant guiding means mounted or supported on the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes or pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0482—Gearings with gears having orbital motion
- F16H57/0486—Gearings with gears having orbital motion with fixed gear ratio
Definitions
- This invention relates to a ring gear used in an epicyclic gear train of a gas turbine engine.
- Gas turbine engines typically employ an epicyclic gear train connected to the turbine section of the engine, which is used to drive the turbo fan.
- a sun gear receives rotational input from a turbine shaft through a compressor shaft.
- a carrier supports intermediate gears that surround and mesh with the sun gear.
- a ring gear surrounds and meshes with the intermediate gears.
- the intermediate gears are referred to as “star” gears and the ring gear is coupled to an output shaft that supports the turbo fan.
- the ring gear is connected to the turbo fan shaft using a spline ring.
- the spline ring is secured to a flange of the turbo fan shaft using circumferentially arranged bolts.
- the spline ring includes splines opposite the flange that supports a splined outer circumferential surface of the ring gear.
- the ring gear typically includes first and second portions that provide teeth facing in opposite directions, which mesh with complimentary oppositely facing teeth of the star gears.
- a disclosed example gear apparatus includes an epicyclic gear train including a carrier supporting star gears that mesh with a sun gear, and a ring gear surrounding and meshing with the star gears, the star gears being supported on respective journal bearings.
- Each of the journal bearings including a peripheral journal surface and each of the star gears including a radially inner journal surface in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing.
- the epicyclic gear train including a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.3.
- each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along an axial length with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along a substantially full axial length of the respective star gear with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.3.
- the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.5.
- the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5.
- a disclosed turbine engine includes a turbine shaft, a fan, and an epicyclic gear train coupled between the turbine shaft and the fan, the epicyclic gear train including a carrier supporting star gears that mesh with a sun gear, and a ring gear surrounding and meshing with the star gears.
- Each of the star gears is supported on a respective journal bearing and each journal bearing includes a peripheral journal surface and each of the star gears includes a radially inner journal surface in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing.
- the epicyclic gear train including a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.3.
- each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along an axial length with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along a substantially full axial length of the respective star gear with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.3.
- the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.5.
- the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5.
- the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than about ten (10) with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
- the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than about 10.5:1 with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
- the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than ten (10) with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
- the fan defines a pressure ratio that is less than about 1.45.
- the fan defines a pressure ratio that is that is less than 1.45.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a front portion of a gas turbine engine illustrating a turbo fan, epicyclic gear train and a compressor section.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the epicyclic gear train shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example ring gear similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a view of the ring gear shown in FIG. 3 viewed in a direction that faces the teeth of the ring gear in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 1 A portion of a gas turbine engine 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 1 .
- the turbine engine 10 includes a fixed housing 12 that is constructed from numerous pieces secured to one another.
- a compressor section 14 having compressor hubs 16 with blades are driven by a turbine shaft 25 about an axis A.
- a turbo fan 18 is supported on a turbo fan shaft 20 that is driven by a compressor shaft 24 , which supports the compressor hubs 16 , through an epicyclic gear train 22 .
- the epicyclic gear train 22 is a star gear train.
- the epicyclic gear train 22 includes a sun gear 30 that is connected to the compressor shaft 24 , which provides rotational input, by a splined connection.
- a carrier 26 is fixed to the housing 12 by a torque frame 28 using fingers (not shown) known in the art.
- the carrier 26 supports star gears 32 using journal bearings 34 that are coupled to the sun gear 30 by meshed interfaces between the teeth of sun and star gears 30 , 32 .
- Multiple star gears 32 are arranged circumferentially about the sun gear 30 .
- Retainers 36 retain the journal bearings 34 to the carrier 26 .
- a ring gear 38 surrounds the carrier 26 and is coupled to the star gears 32 by meshed interfaces.
- the ring gear 38 which provides rotational output, is secured to the turbo fan shaft 20 by circumferentially arranged fastening elements, which are described in more detail below.
- the star gears 32 are supported on respective ones of the journal bearings 34 ,
- Each of the journal bearings 34 includes a peripheral journal surface 34 a and each of the star gears 32 includes a radially inner journal surface 32 a that is in contact with the peripheral journal surface 34 a of the respective journal bearing 34 .
- the radially inner journal surface 32 a of each of the star gears 32 is in contact with the peripheral journal surface 34 a of the respective journal bearing 34 along an axial length L, with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear 32 , which is substantially parallel to the axis A.
- journal bearings 34 provide a “line” contact.
- a ball bearing would provide a “point” contact.
- the “line” contact between the journal bearings 34 and the star gears 32 distributes loads on the journal bearings 34 , rather than focusing the load at a single point, and thereby enhances the durability of the epicyclic gear train 22 .
- the engine 10 has a bypass ratio that is greater than about six (6) to ten (10), the epicyclic gear train 22 is a planetary gear system or other gear system with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3 or greater than about 2.5, and a low pressure turbine of the engine 10 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5.
- the engine 10 bypass ratio is greater than about ten (10:1) or greater than about 10.5:1
- the turbofan 18 diameter is significantly larger than that of the low pressure compressor of the compressor section 14
- the low pressure turbine has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5:1.
- the epicyclic gear train 22 has a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3:1 or greater than about 2.5:1. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a geared architecture engine and that the present invention is applicable to other gas turbine engines including direct drive turbofans.
- the fan 18 of the engine 10 is designed for a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8M and about 35,000 feet.
- Low fan pressure ratio is the pressure ratio across the fan blade alone.
- the low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.45.
- Low corrected fan tip speed is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec divided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tambient deg R)/518.7) ⁇ 0.5].
- the “Low corrected fan tip speed” as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1150 ft/second.
- the ring gear 38 is a two-piece construction having first and second portions 40 , 42 .
- the first and second portions 40 , 42 abut one another at a radial interface 45 .
- a trough 41 separates oppositely angled teeth 43 (best shown in FIG. 4 ) on each of the first and second portions 40 , 42 .
- the arrangement of teeth 43 forces the first and second portions 40 , 42 toward one another at the radial interface 45 .
- the back side of the first and second portions 40 , 42 includes a generally S-shaped outer circumferential surface 47 that, coupled with a change in thickness, provides structural rigidity and resistance to overturning moments.
- the first and second portions 40 , 42 have a first thickness T 1 that is less than a second thickness T 2 arranged axially inwardly from the first thickness T 1 .
- the first and second portions 40 , 42 include facing recesses 44 that form an internal annular cavity 46 .
- the first and second portions 40 , 42 include flanges 51 that extend radially outward away from the teeth 43 .
- the turbo fan shaft 20 includes a radially outwardly extending flange 70 that is secured to the flanges 51 by circumferentially arranged bolts 52 and nuts 54 , which axially constrain and affix the turbo fan shaft 20 and ring gear 38 relative to one another.
- the spline ring is eliminated, which also reduces heat generated from windage and churning that resulted from the sharp edges and surface area of the splines.
- the turbo fan shaft 20 and ring gear 38 can be rotationally balanced with one another since radial movement resulting from the use of splines is eliminated.
- An oil baffle 68 is also secured to the flanges 51 , 70 and balanced with the assembly.
- the first and second portions 40 , 42 have grooves 48 at the radial interface 45 that form a hole 50 , which expels oil through the ring gear 38 to a gutter 60 that is secured to the carrier 26 with fasteners 61 ( FIG. 2 ).
- the direct radial flow path provided by the grooves 48 reduces windage and churning by avoiding the axial flow path change that existed with splines. That is, the oil had to flow radially and then axially to exit through the spline interface.
- the gutter 60 is constructed from a soft material such as aluminum so that the knife edges 58 , which are constructed from steel, can cut into the aluminum if they interfere.
- the seals 56 also include oil return passages 62 provided by first and second slots 64 in the seals 56 , which permit oil on either side of the ring gear 38 to drain into the gutter 60 .
- the first and second slots 64 , 66 are instead provided in the flange 70 and oil baffle 68 , respectively.
Abstract
An epicyclic gear train includes a carrier that supports star gears that mesh with a sun gear. A ring gear surrounds and meshes with the star gears. The star gears are supported on respective journal bearings. Each of the journal bearings includes a peripheral journal surface and each of the star gears includes a radially inner journal surface that is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing. The epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.3
Description
- The present disclosure is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/340,737, filed on Dec. 30, 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/504,220, filed Aug. 15, 2006.
- This invention relates to a ring gear used in an epicyclic gear train of a gas turbine engine.
- Gas turbine engines typically employ an epicyclic gear train connected to the turbine section of the engine, which is used to drive the turbo fan. In a typical epicyclic gear train, a sun gear receives rotational input from a turbine shaft through a compressor shaft. A carrier supports intermediate gears that surround and mesh with the sun gear. A ring gear surrounds and meshes with the intermediate gears. In arrangements in which the carrier is fixed against rotation, the intermediate gears are referred to as “star” gears and the ring gear is coupled to an output shaft that supports the turbo fan.
- Typically, the ring gear is connected to the turbo fan shaft using a spline ring. The spline ring is secured to a flange of the turbo fan shaft using circumferentially arranged bolts. The spline ring includes splines opposite the flange that supports a splined outer circumferential surface of the ring gear. The ring gear typically includes first and second portions that provide teeth facing in opposite directions, which mesh with complimentary oppositely facing teeth of the star gears.
- An epicyclic gear train must share the load between the gears within the system. As a result, the splined connection between the ring gear and spline ring is subject to wear under high loads and deflection. Since the spline connection requires radial clearance, it is difficult to get a repeatable balance of the turbo fan assembly. Balance can also deteriorate over time with spline wear.
- A disclosed example gear apparatus according to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment includes an epicyclic gear train including a carrier supporting star gears that mesh with a sun gear, and a ring gear surrounding and meshing with the star gears, the star gears being supported on respective journal bearings. Each of the journal bearings including a peripheral journal surface and each of the star gears including a radially inner journal surface in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing. The epicyclic gear train including a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.3.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing gear apparatus, the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along an axial length with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing gear apparatus, the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along a substantially full axial length of the respective star gear with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing gear apparatus, the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.3.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing gear apparatus, the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.5.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing gear apparatus, the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5.
- A disclosed turbine engine according to another non-limiting exemplary embodiment includes a turbine shaft, a fan, and an epicyclic gear train coupled between the turbine shaft and the fan, the epicyclic gear train including a carrier supporting star gears that mesh with a sun gear, and a ring gear surrounding and meshing with the star gears. Each of the star gears is supported on a respective journal bearing and each journal bearing includes a peripheral journal surface and each of the star gears includes a radially inner journal surface in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing. The epicyclic gear train including a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.3.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along an axial length with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along a substantially full axial length of the respective star gear with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.3.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.5.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than about ten (10) with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than about 10.5:1 with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than ten (10) with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the fan defines a pressure ratio that is less than about 1.45.
- In a further embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the fan defines a pressure ratio that is that is less than 1.45.
- Although different examples have the specific components shown in the illustrations, embodiments of this invention are not limited to those particular combinations. It is possible to use some of the components or features from one of the examples in combination with features or components of another of the examples.
- These and other features disclosed herein can be best understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.
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FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a front portion of a gas turbine engine illustrating a turbo fan, epicyclic gear train and a compressor section. -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the epicyclic gear train shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example ring gear similar to the arrangement shown inFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a view of the ring gear shown inFIG. 3 viewed in a direction that faces the teeth of the ring gear inFIG. 3 . - A portion of a
gas turbine engine 10 is shown schematically inFIG. 1 . Theturbine engine 10 includes afixed housing 12 that is constructed from numerous pieces secured to one another. Acompressor section 14 havingcompressor hubs 16 with blades are driven by aturbine shaft 25 about an axis A. Aturbo fan 18 is supported on aturbo fan shaft 20 that is driven by acompressor shaft 24, which supports thecompressor hubs 16, through anepicyclic gear train 22. - In the example arrangement shown, the
epicyclic gear train 22 is a star gear train. Referring toFIG. 2 , theepicyclic gear train 22 includes asun gear 30 that is connected to thecompressor shaft 24, which provides rotational input, by a splined connection. Acarrier 26 is fixed to thehousing 12 by atorque frame 28 using fingers (not shown) known in the art. Thecarrier 26 supportsstar gears 32 usingjournal bearings 34 that are coupled to thesun gear 30 by meshed interfaces between the teeth of sun andstar gears Multiple star gears 32 are arranged circumferentially about thesun gear 30.Retainers 36 retain thejournal bearings 34 to thecarrier 26. Aring gear 38 surrounds thecarrier 26 and is coupled to thestar gears 32 by meshed interfaces. Thering gear 38, which provides rotational output, is secured to theturbo fan shaft 20 by circumferentially arranged fastening elements, which are described in more detail below. - The
star gears 32 are supported on respective ones of thejournal bearings 34, Each of thejournal bearings 34 includes aperipheral journal surface 34 a and each of thestar gears 32 includes a radiallyinner journal surface 32 a that is in contact with theperipheral journal surface 34 a of the respective journal bearing 34. The radiallyinner journal surface 32 a of each of thestar gears 32 is in contact with theperipheral journal surface 34 a of the respective journal bearing 34 along an axial length L, with respect to a rotational axis of therespective star gear 32, which is substantially parallel to the axis A. In this example, the radiallyinner journal surface 32 a of each of thestar gears 32 is in contact with theperipheral journal surface 34 a of the respective journal bearing 34 along a substantially full axial length L of therespective star gear 32. Thus, thejournal bearings 34 provide a “line” contact. In comparison, a ball bearing would provide a “point” contact. The “line” contact between thejournal bearings 34 and the star gears 32 distributes loads on thejournal bearings 34, rather than focusing the load at a single point, and thereby enhances the durability of theepicyclic gear train 22. - In one disclosed, non-limiting embodiment, the
engine 10 has a bypass ratio that is greater than about six (6) to ten (10), theepicyclic gear train 22 is a planetary gear system or other gear system with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3 or greater than about 2.5, and a low pressure turbine of theengine 10 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5. In one disclosed embodiment, theengine 10 bypass ratio is greater than about ten (10:1) or greater than about 10.5:1, theturbofan 18 diameter is significantly larger than that of the low pressure compressor of thecompressor section 14, and the low pressure turbine has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5:1. In one example, theepicyclic gear train 22 has a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3:1 or greater than about 2.5:1. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a geared architecture engine and that the present invention is applicable to other gas turbine engines including direct drive turbofans. - A significant amount of thrust is provided by a bypass flow B due to the high bypass ratio. The
fan 18 of theengine 10 is designed for a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8M and about 35,000 feet. The flight condition of 0.8 M and 35,000 ft, with the engine at its best fuel consumption—also known as “bucket cruise TSFC”—is the industry standard parameter of 1 bm of fuel being burned divided by 1 bf of thrust the engine produces at that minimum point. “Low fan pressure ratio” is the pressure ratio across the fan blade alone. The low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.45. “Low corrected fan tip speed” is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec divided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tambient deg R)/518.7)̂0.5]. The “Low corrected fan tip speed” as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1150 ft/second. - Referring to
FIGS. 3 and 4 , thering gear 38 is a two-piece construction having first andsecond portions second portions radial interface 45. Atrough 41 separates oppositely angled teeth 43 (best shown inFIG. 4 ) on each of the first andsecond portions teeth 43 forces the first andsecond portions radial interface 45. The back side of the first andsecond portions circumferential surface 47 that, coupled with a change in thickness, provides structural rigidity and resistance to overturning moments. The first andsecond portions second portions recesses 44 that form an internal annular cavity 46. - The first and
second portions flanges 51 that extend radially outward away from theteeth 43. Theturbo fan shaft 20 includes a radially outwardly extendingflange 70 that is secured to theflanges 51 by circumferentially arrangedbolts 52 andnuts 54, which axially constrain and affix theturbo fan shaft 20 andring gear 38 relative to one another. Thus, the spline ring is eliminated, which also reduces heat generated from windage and churning that resulted from the sharp edges and surface area of the splines. Theturbo fan shaft 20 andring gear 38 can be rotationally balanced with one another since radial movement resulting from the use of splines is eliminated. Anoil baffle 68 is also secured to theflanges -
Seals 56 having knife edges 58 are secured to theflanges second portions radial interface 45 that form ahole 50, which expels oil through thering gear 38 to agutter 60 that is secured to thecarrier 26 with fasteners 61 (FIG. 2 ). The direct radial flow path provided by the grooves 48 reduces windage and churning by avoiding the axial flow path change that existed with splines. That is, the oil had to flow radially and then axially to exit through the spline interface. Thegutter 60 is constructed from a soft material such as aluminum so that the knife edges 58, which are constructed from steel, can cut into the aluminum if they interfere. Referring toFIG. 3 , theseals 56 also includeoil return passages 62 provided by first andsecond slots 64 in theseals 56, which permit oil on either side of thering gear 38 to drain into thegutter 60. In the example shown inFIG. 2 , the first andsecond slots flange 70 andoil baffle 68, respectively. - Although an embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
Claims (17)
1. A gear apparatus, comprising:
an epicyclic gear train including a carrier supporting star gears that mesh with a sun gear, and a ring gear surrounding and meshing with the star gears, the star gears being supported on respective journal bearings, each of the journal bearings including a peripheral journal surface and each of the star gears including a radially inner journal surface in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing, wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.3.
2. The gear apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along an axial length with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
3. The gear apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along a substantially full axial length of the respective star gear with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
4. The gear apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.3.
5. The gear apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.5.
6. The gear apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5.
7. A turbine engine comprising:
a turbine shaft;
a fan; and
an epicyclic gear train coupled between the turbine shaft and the fan, the epicyclic gear train including a carrier supporting star gears that mesh with a sun gear, and a ring gear surrounding and meshing with the star gears, each of the star gears being supported on a respective journal bearing, each journal bearing including a peripheral journal surface and each of the star gears including a radially inner journal surface in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing, wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.3.
8. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along an axial length with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
9. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the radially inner journal surface of each of the star gears is in contact with the peripheral journal surface of the respective journal bearing along a substantially full axial length of the respective star gear with respect to a rotational axis of the respective star gear.
10. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.3.
11. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.5.
12. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the epicyclic gear train has a gear reduction ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5.
13. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than about ten (10) with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
14. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than about 10.5:1 with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
15. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the fan defines a bypass ratio of greater than ten (10) with regard to a bypass airflow and a core airflow.
16. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the fan defines a pressure ratio that is less than about 1.45.
17. The turbine engine as recited in claim 7 , wherein the fan defines a pressure ratio that is that is less than 1.45.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/486,810 US20120237336A1 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2012-06-01 | Gas turbine engine gear train |
US15/595,234 US10196989B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2017-05-15 | Gas turbine engine gear train |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/504,220 US8753243B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2006-08-15 | Ring gear mounting arrangement with oil scavenge scheme |
US13/340,737 US8858388B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2011-12-30 | Gas turbine engine gear train |
US13/486,810 US20120237336A1 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2012-06-01 | Gas turbine engine gear train |
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US13/340,737 Continuation US8858388B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2011-12-30 | Gas turbine engine gear train |
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US15/595,234 Continuation US10196989B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2017-05-15 | Gas turbine engine gear train |
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US15/595,234 Active US10196989B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2017-05-15 | Gas turbine engine gear train |
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US20120237334A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
US8858388B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
US20170248082A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
US10196989B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
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