US20120019066A1 - Actuator and energy management system comprising such actuators - Google Patents
Actuator and energy management system comprising such actuators Download PDFInfo
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- US20120019066A1 US20120019066A1 US13/167,947 US201113167947A US2012019066A1 US 20120019066 A1 US20120019066 A1 US 20120019066A1 US 201113167947 A US201113167947 A US 201113167947A US 2012019066 A1 US2012019066 A1 US 2012019066A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00004—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
- H02J2310/14—The load or loads being home appliances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/242—Home appliances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an actuator for the power control of at least one connected consumer, and to an energy management system, for example in the form of a building automation system, comprising a plurality of such actuators.
- Energy management or building automation systems usually comprise a plurality of electronic apparatuses or components (e.g., luminaires, louvers, etc.), the actuation of which is controlled by actuators or actuating elements assigned to them.
- a plurality of such actuators are in turn driven centrally by a control unit, wherein one or a plurality of control levels can be present depending on the application.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,438 and its counterpart European patent EP 0 801 836 B1 describe an energy management or building automation system comprising numerous actuators for the power control (dimming, switching off) of consumers. There, the actuators can monitor the power consumptions of the connected consumers in order to be able to alter the driving thereof for the purpose of reducing the energy costs.
- an actuator for the power control of at least one connected consumer comprising:
- a load detection device for detecting one or both of a load magnitude and a load type of the at least one consumer, the load magnitude or the load type forming a measurement variable relating to a load of the at least one consumer;
- a communication interface for receiving at least one manipulated variable for the power control of the at least one consumer and transmitting the measurement variable detected by said load detection device.
- the actuator according to the invention for the power control of at least one connected consumer has a load detection device for detecting a load magnitude and/or a load type of the at least one consumer as a measurement variable relating to the load of the at least one consumer; and a communication interface for receiving at least one manipulated variable for the power control of the at least one consumer and transmitting the measurement variable detected by the load detection device.
- the actuator can advantageously be integrated into an energy management system.
- the actuator has a load detection device for detecting a load magnitude (e.g. small load, medium load, large load) and/or a load type (e.g. resistive, capacitive, inductive) of the at least one consumer as a measurement variable relating to the load of the at least one consumer and, in addition, a communication interface for receiving at least one manipulated variable of the power control of the at least one consumer and for transmitting the measurement variable detected by the load detection device, the actuator itself and a control unit coupled to the actuator can react in a targeted manner to the respective consumer connected to the actuator and thus obtain an optimized driving of the consumer (depending on the load magnitude and load type thereof).
- a load magnitude e.g. small load, medium load, large load
- a load type e.g. resistive, capacitive, inductive
- At least one consumer is connected to the actuator, that is to say that, within the scope of the invention, the actuator can control only one consumer or else can control a plurality (e.g. two, three, four, . . . ) of consumers.
- no consumer is directly connected to the actuator.
- Such an actuator receives an external switching signal, which it forwards to another actuator in order that the latter switches the directly connected consumer.
- the load detection device is also configured for detecting a power consumed by the at least one consumer as measurement variable.
- the communication interface is selected from a radio interface and a mains power line interface.
- additional wear-based data lines are advantageously obviated, such that the flexibility in the overall system can be increased, the installation outlay can be reduced and the energy management can also be installed subsequently in a simple manner.
- the installed volume can additionally be reduced by space savings in the connection region (as a result of the omission of control lines).
- the present invention can also be applied to systems having wire-based communication.
- the actuator furthermore has a control circuit for the power control of the at least one consumer, which control circuit can be operated according to one of at least two control types depending on the measurement variable detected by the load detection device.
- said at least two control types are selected from a sinusoidal control, a phase chopping control and a phase gating control.
- the actuator has at least one supply connection for voltage supply and at least one output, via which a mains voltage fed in can be looped through unchanged.
- a supply connection and an output of an actuator can be embodied multiply, wherein the mains voltage fed in can be looped through unchanged via the output, for example to another actuator.
- an external terminal for further connections can be obviated, for example if a further terminal, a socket output or other consumer is intended to be connected directly in two-pole fashion.
- the actuator has at least one electrical control input for feeding in a switching signal of at least one external switching element.
- the communication interface radio, mains power line or otherwise wire-based communication interface
- a switching element such as, for example, a switch or pushbutton.
- a switching state of the actuator can be altered independently of the polarity of the voltage fed in the at least one control input.
- an input signal having arbitrary electrical polarity that is fed into the control input brings about a change in a switching state.
- the control input in state 1 the control input is electrically open, and in state 2 the input can optionally be connected to mains system N or to mains system L.
- that polarity which is currently available in the respective installation environment is utilized for signaling the active state.
- the at least one control input can be configured in such a way that the switching state can be altered depending on a duration and/or on a state change of a present switching signal of a switching element.
- pushbuttons for actuating the load may be present there.
- Such pushbuttons generate a relatively short pulse as a switching signal, which lasts and is present at the control input for as long as the pushbutton is pressed.
- the user expects a first pulse of this type to switch on the load, for example a light, and a second pulse of this type to switch off the load again.
- a simple switch or a two-way circuit for switching the load can be installed. In this case, the switch generates at the control input a signal which lasts for as long as the load, e.g. a light, is intended to be switched on.
- the control input can be configured by means of software such that a state change (e.g. switching on or switching off) can be effected on account of a short switching signal having a duration of less than approximately one second, such as the switching signal of a pushbutton, or on account of a permanently present switching signal, which differs from the preceding switching signal, such as that of a switch.
- a state change e.g. switching on or switching off
- a short switching signal having a duration of less than approximately one second, such as the switching signal of a pushbutton, or on account of a permanently present switching signal, which differs from the preceding switching signal, such as that of a switch.
- control input can be configured by means of software such that a state change can be effected on account of a long switching signal having a duration of, for instance, one second or longer.
- a state change can be effected on account of a long switching signal having a duration of, for instance, one second or longer.
- the actuator has at least two control inputs, wherein each of said control inputs is assigned a switching element, wherein the control inputs can be configured in such a way that a first switching state is present when a switching signal of a switching element is present at the first control input, and a second switching state is present when a switching signal of a switching element is present at the second control input.
- switching inputs can be configured such that a specific switching state is set upon actuation of a switching element assigned to the respective switching input, an increase in user-friendliness can advantageously be achieved.
- a first action such as raising an electric window shutter, lowering an awning or opening a garage door, is initiated upon actuation of a first pushbutton and the respective opposite action is initiated upon actuation of a second pushbutton.
- control inputs can be configured in such a way that the first and second switching states can be set by the switching signal being present briefly and a power that can be fed to a consumer can be altered by a switching signal present over a longer period of time.
- a consumer such as a lamp
- a short switching signal lasting for less than approximately one second—of a first or a second pushbutton, respectively.
- a power control of the consumer for example the brightness control of a lamp
- a long switching signal having a duration of, for instance, one second or longer. Proceeding from the instantaneous value, when a long switching signal is present, the power fed to the consumer is altered in stages with temporal separation.
- the power fed to the consumer rises, proceeding from the instantaneous value, until the maximum value, for example, is reached.
- the power fed to the consumer falls, proceeding from the instantaneous value, until the minimum value, for example, is reached.
- control inputs can be configured in such a way that a change to the same switching state of the actuator can be initiated, independently of the polarity of a switching signal of a switching element and/or of the control input at which a switching signal of a switching element is present.
- each control input it is possible to define a switching signal of arbitrary polarity as an initiator of a specific state change.
- the light can be switched on by the actuation of an arbitrary pushbutton, independently of the polarity present at the pushbutton.
- control input can be configured by means of software such that a change to the same state of the actuator can be initiated if a switching signal of arbitrary polarity is present at one of two or more control inputs.
- the two or more control inputs act as though they were a single control input.
- a switching signal of the polarity L could be present at the first of the two or more control inputs or a signal of the polarity N could be present at the second of the two or more control inputs.
- the actuator changes its state independently of which of the control inputs a switching signal is present at.
- the above-described actuator of the invention can advantageously be integrated into an energy management system, in particular in the form of a building automation system.
- This energy management system then comprises a plurality of consumers; at least one control unit; at least one actuator according to the invention, which is assigned to the at least one control unit, or is coupled thereto for the power control of the consumers; and at least one communication link between the at least one control unit and the at least one actuator.
- the communication link is usually a bidirectional link, such that, firstly, manipulated variables can be transmitted from the control unit to the actuators and, secondly, the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices of the actuators can be communicated from said actuators to the control unit.
- the energy management system can contain further levels between the actuators and the control unit and/or above the control unit.
- a control unit is coupled to a plurality of actuators, but it is also possible for only one actuator to be driven by a control unit. Only one control unit or a plurality of control units can be provided in the energy management system. If a plurality of control units are provided, they are typically connected to a central unit and/or to one another.
- the communication link is preferably selected from a radio link and a mains power line.
- wire-based communication links are also possible, in principle.
- the communication link can also be embodied in different variants, that is to say that, for example, one portion of the actuators can be connected to the control unit via radio, while another portion of the actuators can be connected to the control unit via a mains power line.
- the at least one control unit additionally has an evaluation device for evaluating the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices of the actuators.
- the at least one control unit is furthermore provided with an output device for outputting the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices of the actuators and/or the evaluation results of the evaluation device.
- the at least one control unit is furthermore provided with an input device for inputting manipulated variables for the power control of the input variables relating to consumers connected to the actuators.
- the input variables can be, for example, desired temperatures, brightnesses and the like of the consumers and times of day of the desired alterations.
- the at least one assigned consumer of this and/or of at least one other actuator connected via the communication link can be driven.
- a switching signal present at a control input of an actuator has the effect that not only is it possible for the consumer connected to the actuator to be driven, but, by means of signal transmission via the communication interface, it is possible to cause another actuator to drive the consumer connected to the other actuator.
- a load such as a lamp
- the actuator directs a switching signal via a communication link to another actuator, the load of which, for example a garage door opener, opens or closes the garage door.
- an actuator not to be assigned a dedicated load and to serve merely as a remote control switch.
- Another variant provides for an actuation of a switching element to initiate a switching signal which is directed to a control input of an actuator.
- the actuator initiates a sequence of simultaneous and/or temporally staggered switching operations.
- a switching element to initiate a switching signal which is directed to a control input of an actuator.
- the actuator initiates a sequence of simultaneous and/or temporally staggered switching operations.
- a plurality of ceiling and standard luminaires could be switched on simultaneously.
- a fan is switched on, if the light has not been switched off again in the meantime.
- control inputs of a group of actuators can also be configured such that, upon actuation of an arbitrary switching element, the switching signal of which is present at a control input of an arbitrary actuator, the actuator, via the communication link, drives the group of actuators and initiates the switching sequence provided.
- the assignment of the control signal to a control input of a specific actuator can be a predefined pressing sequence.
- briefly actuating the button once can mean that the consumer of the first actuator is switched.
- Actuation of the button twice briefly in succession would switch the consumer of the second actuator, etc.
- Any desired pressing sequences are conceivable, which can either be fixedly predefined or trained into the system by the user.
- FIG. 1 shows a functional illustration of the configuration of an exemplary energy management system comprising a plurality of actuators according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary interconnection of a plurality of actuators.
- FIG. 1 there is shown an exemplary building automation system serving for controlling four electronic consumers 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, 10 d.
- the consumers 10 a . . . d are connected to a power mains 11 in a customary manner.
- the first consumer 10 a is coupled to a first actuator or actuating element 12 a
- the second consumer 10 b is coupled to a second actuator 12 b
- the third and fourth consumers 10 c, 10 d are coupled to a third actuator 12 c.
- the three actuators 12 a . . . c are coupled to a control unit 14 .
- the actuators 12 a . . . c each have a first communication interface 16 and the control unit 14 has a second communication interface 18 .
- the second communication interface 18 of the control unit 14 is coupled to the first communication interfaces 16 of the actuators 12 a . . . c via a communication link 20 .
- the communication link 20 may be a radio link or a mains power line, for example.
- the actuators 12 a . . . c which are embodied as dimmers, for example, are each equipped with a load detection device 22 and a control circuit 24 .
- the load detection devices 22 each serve for automatically detecting measurement variables relating to the load of the consumer 10 a . . . d connected to the respective actuator 12 a . . . c.
- the measurement variables include the load magnitude (small load, medium load, large load, etc.) and the load type (resistive, inductive, capacitive) and preferably also the power consumption of the consumer/consumers 10 a . . . d.
- the control circuits 24 each serve for the power control of the connected consumers 10 a . . . d.
- the actuators 12 a . . . c can then optimize the driving of the respectively connected consumers 10 a . . . d.
- the control circuit 24 can drive the consumer/consumers 10 a . . . d according to the principle of sinusoidal dimming for example in the case of a small load.
- the sinusoidal driving of small power consumers 10 a . . . d can reduce the harmonic interference on the power mains 11 and thus permit a more cost-effective configuration of electronically regulated consumers.
- control circuits 24 of the actuators 12 a . . . c preferably operate according to the phase chopping principle, if the connected consumers 10 a . . . d are resistive loads such as, for example, incandescent lamps or capacitive loads such as, for example, energy saving lamps, or according to the phase gating principle if the connected consumers 10 a . . . d are inductive loads such as, for example, halogen transformers.
- a primary difference between these switching principles is the electronic switching elements. These are predominantly triacs, but also MOSFETs or IGBTs in particular cases, in phase gating controls, whereas MOSFETs or IGBTs are used in phase chopping controls.
- MOSFETs or IGBTs are used in phase chopping controls.
- the rate of rise or fall of the consumer current can be set during switching on or off.
- An inductor that is large in the installed volume and such as is usually used in conventional dimmers in order to limit the current rise can be obviated as a result.
- the control circuits 24 of the actuators 12 a . . . c thereby become more compact and more cost-effective.
- a control circuit 24 constructed with MOSFETs or IGBTs additionally permits the sinusoidal driving of the load by way of pulse width modulation (PWM).
- PWM pulse width modulation
- a sinusoidal signal arises which, in contrast with the above-mentioned control methods, causes practically no harmonic distortions on the mains power line 11 and therefore represents the ideal driving for all types of loading. Owing to the absence of a large current gap, it is possible to reduce the size of a buffer capacitor in the power supply unit of an electronic load connected downstream.
- phase gating method usually a power switch, at a preselectable triggering angle relative to the sinusoidal mains power half-cycles acquires low impedance and thus closes the electric circuit with a consumer 10 a . . . d.
- the triggering angle is a measure of the magnitude of a predetermined desired value which is communicated to the actuator 12 a . . . c by the control unit 14 for example in the form of a manipulated variable.
- the power switch At the zero crossing of the current through the power switch, the power switch then acquires high impedance again.
- phase chopping control is generally much better suited to the driving of incandescent lamps and more modern luminous means such as energy saving lamps.
- the phase gating method has advantages when driving inductive loads.
- the hard rise in current is reduced by the inductance.
- an overvoltage spike is avoided during switch-off by virtue of the switching off being effected at the current zero crossing.
- this occurs inherently on account of its component property.
- switches such as MOSFETs and IGBTs
- the switching off can be controlled in a supervised manner.
- An ideal switching behavior for all loads could be obtained with sinusoidal driving regulated in terms of amplitude. Pulse width modulation comes close to that technically. However, a higher interference spectrum and an increased switching power loss occur during pulse width modulation on account of numerous switching operations. Therefore, this method is advantageous only for relatively small load currents.
- the automatic identification of load type and load magnitude and also the measurement of the consumed power by the load detection devices 22 of the actuators 12 a . . . c make it possible to find a suitable driving pattern for the consumers 10 a . . . d as described above.
- the sinusoidal driving is preferably chosen in the case of a small load. Since, in this case, an increased power loss arises in the switching transistors and the magnitude of the radio interference signals is increased, the system, starting from a specific load value, automatically changes over to phase gating control in the case of an inductive load, otherwise to phase chopping control.
- the changeover of the driving principle of the control circuit 24 depending on the measurement variables detected by the load detection device 22 can either be effected by the actuator 12 a . . . c itself or be instigated by the control unit 14 .
- the control unit 14 is equipped with an evaluation device 26 in order to evaluate the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices 22 of the actuators 12 a . . . c and, if appropriate, to correspondingly adapt the manipulated variables to be communicated to the actuators 12 a . . . c.
- control unit 14 is provided with an output device 28 (e.g. display, screen, printer, etc.) and an input device 30 (e.g., keyboard, touchscreen, etc.).
- the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices 22 of the actuators 12 a . . . c and/or the evaluation results of the evaluation device 26 of the control unit 14 can be displayed to or printed out for the user via the output device 28 .
- the communication of said measurement variables to the control unit 14 and the outputting of said measurement variables or corresponding evaluation results the user has the possibility, for example, of monitoring the consumption of the consumers connected to the energy management and, if appropriate, adapting the consumption behavior thereof.
- an intelligent regulating system provided in the control unit 14 or in a superordinate central unit can, in an automated manner, influence the powers consumed by the consumers 10 a . . . d.
- the actuators 12 a . . . c are usually furthermore coupled to sensors 32 and/or switching elements 34 , such as switches or pushbuttons, by means of which, by way of example, the ambient brightness can be detected or a luminaire can be switched on directly.
- individual actuators 12 a . . . c may have no direct coupling to sensors 32 and/or switching elements 34 , but rather are coupled indirectly via the communication interface 16 to sensors 32 and/or switching elements 34 of another actuator 12 a . . . c.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the schematic interconnection on the basis of the example of two actuators 12 a and 12 b, in which case the illustration of further actuators 12 c . . . z and details shown in FIG. 1 have been omitted for reasons of clarity.
- Each actuator 12 a and 12 b has two supply connections 51 and 53 for feeding in mains voltage and two outputs 52 and 54 , wherein the supply connections 51 and 53 of the actuator 12 a are connected to the mains power line 11 and the mains voltage fed in can be looped through unchanged to the supply connections 51 and 53 of the actuator 12 b via the outputs 52 and 54 of the actuator 12 a.
- Possible further actuators 12 c . . . z can likewise be supplied with mains voltage in this way.
- each actuator 12 a . . . z could be directly connected to the mains power line 11 via its supply connections 51 and 53 .
- Each actuator 12 a and 12 b has two connections 55 and 56 for supplying a consumer 10 a and 10 b, respectively, with voltage, which consumer can be controlled by means of an actuator 12 a or 12 b.
- each actuator 12 a and 12 b has two control inputs 57 and 58 , which, on the one hand, are connected to the control circuit 24 of the respective actuator 12 a, 12 b and, on the other hand, can be connected to a sensor 32 and/or a switching element 34 , such as a switch or pushbutton.
- a switching signal is generated by means of the actuation of the switching element 34 or by means of a sensor signal and said switching signal is fed into the actuator 12 a, 12 b.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the priority, under 35 U.S.C. §119, of German patent application DE 10 2010 024 992.0, filed Jun. 24, 2010; the prior application is herewith incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention relates to an actuator for the power control of at least one connected consumer, and to an energy management system, for example in the form of a building automation system, comprising a plurality of such actuators.
- Energy management or building automation systems usually comprise a plurality of electronic apparatuses or components (e.g., luminaires, louvers, etc.), the actuation of which is controlled by actuators or actuating elements assigned to them. A plurality of such actuators are in turn driven centrally by a control unit, wherein one or a plurality of control levels can be present depending on the application.
- Conventional systems contain a wire-based communication link between the control unit and the actuators. Furthermore, however, actuators with a radio interface or a mains power line interface for data communication are also known, which is advantageous particularly for the subsequent installation of an energy management system.
- Depending on the application, numerous electronic apparatuses or components are driven and managed by the energy management system. In this case, there are typically apparatuses and components having different loads and load behavior, which in part also require different driving arrangements.
- By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,438 and its counterpart European patent EP 0 801 836 B1 describe an energy management or building automation system comprising numerous actuators for the power control (dimming, switching off) of consumers. There, the actuators can monitor the power consumptions of the connected consumers in order to be able to alter the driving thereof for the purpose of reducing the energy costs.
- It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide an actuator and an energy management system which overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices and methods of this general type and which provides for an improved actuator for the power control of at least one connected consumer which is suitable for use in an energy management system or building automation system.
- With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, an actuator for the power control of at least one connected consumer, comprising:
- a load detection device for detecting one or both of a load magnitude and a load type of the at least one consumer, the load magnitude or the load type forming a measurement variable relating to a load of the at least one consumer; and
- a communication interface for receiving at least one manipulated variable for the power control of the at least one consumer and transmitting the measurement variable detected by said load detection device.
- In other words, the actuator according to the invention for the power control of at least one connected consumer has a load detection device for detecting a load magnitude and/or a load type of the at least one consumer as a measurement variable relating to the load of the at least one consumer; and a communication interface for receiving at least one manipulated variable for the power control of the at least one consumer and transmitting the measurement variable detected by the load detection device.
- By way of the communication interface, the actuator can advantageously be integrated into an energy management system.
- Since the actuator has a load detection device for detecting a load magnitude (e.g. small load, medium load, large load) and/or a load type (e.g. resistive, capacitive, inductive) of the at least one consumer as a measurement variable relating to the load of the at least one consumer and, in addition, a communication interface for receiving at least one manipulated variable of the power control of the at least one consumer and for transmitting the measurement variable detected by the load detection device, the actuator itself and a control unit coupled to the actuator can react in a targeted manner to the respective consumer connected to the actuator and thus obtain an optimized driving of the consumer (depending on the load magnitude and load type thereof).
- In general, at least one consumer is connected to the actuator, that is to say that, within the scope of the invention, the actuator can control only one consumer or else can control a plurality (e.g. two, three, four, . . . ) of consumers.
- In a special case, no consumer is directly connected to the actuator. Such an actuator receives an external switching signal, which it forwards to another actuator in order that the latter switches the directly connected consumer.
- Preferably, the load detection device is also configured for detecting a power consumed by the at least one consumer as measurement variable.
- In one preferred configuration of the invention, the communication interface is selected from a radio interface and a mains power line interface. As a result, additional wear-based data lines are advantageously obviated, such that the flexibility in the overall system can be increased, the installation outlay can be reduced and the energy management can also be installed subsequently in a simple manner. Moreover, the installed volume can additionally be reduced by space savings in the connection region (as a result of the omission of control lines). In principle, however, the present invention can also be applied to systems having wire-based communication.
- In a further configuration of the invention, the actuator furthermore has a control circuit for the power control of the at least one consumer, which control circuit can be operated according to one of at least two control types depending on the measurement variable detected by the load detection device. In this case, said at least two control types are selected from a sinusoidal control, a phase chopping control and a phase gating control. In this way, the power control of the consumer connected to the actuator can be adapted to the present conditions (type of load, power consumption of the consumer).
- In one advantageous development, the actuator has at least one supply connection for voltage supply and at least one output, via which a mains voltage fed in can be looped through unchanged.
- In other words, a supply connection and an output of an actuator can be embodied multiply, wherein the mains voltage fed in can be looped through unchanged via the output, for example to another actuator. What is advantageous about this configuration is that an external terminal for further connections can be obviated, for example if a further terminal, a socket output or other consumer is intended to be connected directly in two-pole fashion. As a result of the reduction of the number of individual terminal blocks, the space requirement of the installation overall is reduced. As a consequence, in a narrow socket outlet, the installation can also be mounted without complicated exchange of the existing socket outlet for a larger one.
- In one preferred alternative, the actuator has at least one electrical control input for feeding in a switching signal of at least one external switching element.
- Alongside the communication interface (radio, mains power line or otherwise wire-based communication interface), provision is made of at least one control input connected to the control circuit and serving for feeding in a signal which can be generated by the actuation of a switching element, such as, for example, a switch or pushbutton. What is advantageous about this configuration is that, in parallel with the radio control, an existing environment, or one which is to be newly installed, composed of conventional switches can also be utilized for controlling the actuator.
- In a further embodiment, a switching state of the actuator can be altered independently of the polarity of the voltage fed in the at least one control input.
- What is particularly advantageous about this embodiment is that an input signal having arbitrary electrical polarity that is fed into the control input brings about a change in a switching state. Thus, by way of example, in state 1 the control input is electrically open, and in state 2 the input can optionally be connected to mains system N or to mains system L. In other words, that polarity which is currently available in the respective installation environment is utilized for signaling the active state.
- Advantageously, the at least one control input can be configured in such a way that the switching state can be altered depending on a duration and/or on a state change of a present switching signal of a switching element.
- If the actuator is integrated into an existing installation for switching a load, such as, for example, a light in a stairwell, pushbuttons for actuating the load may be present there. Such pushbuttons generate a relatively short pulse as a switching signal, which lasts and is present at the control input for as long as the pushbutton is pressed. The user expects a first pulse of this type to switch on the load, for example a light, and a second pulse of this type to switch off the load again. As an alternative to a pushbutton, a simple switch or a two-way circuit for switching the load can be installed. In this case, the switch generates at the control input a signal which lasts for as long as the load, e.g. a light, is intended to be switched on. It is only after renewed actuation of the switch that the switching signal disappears and the load is switched off. Depending on the type of switching means situated at the location and the duration of the switching signal of said switching means, the control input can be configured by means of software such that a state change (e.g. switching on or switching off) can be effected on account of a short switching signal having a duration of less than approximately one second, such as the switching signal of a pushbutton, or on account of a permanently present switching signal, which differs from the preceding switching signal, such as that of a switch.
- In addition or as an alternative thereto, the control input can be configured by means of software such that a state change can be effected on account of a long switching signal having a duration of, for instance, one second or longer. Thus, by way of example, with a switching signal that lasts for a long time, it is possible to alter the power of the consumer proceeding from the instantaneous value. By way of example, the power rises in stages up to the maximum value and then falls again in stages down to a lower threshold value in the case of a lasting or renewed signal. The power can analogously be reduced to the minimum value and increased again up to the upper threshold value.
- In a further configuration, the actuator has at least two control inputs, wherein each of said control inputs is assigned a switching element, wherein the control inputs can be configured in such a way that a first switching state is present when a switching signal of a switching element is present at the first control input, and a second switching state is present when a switching signal of a switching element is present at the second control input.
- If the switching inputs can be configured such that a specific switching state is set upon actuation of a switching element assigned to the respective switching input, an increase in user-friendliness can advantageously be achieved. Thus, by way of example, a first action, such as raising an electric window shutter, lowering an awning or opening a garage door, is initiated upon actuation of a first pushbutton and the respective opposite action is initiated upon actuation of a second pushbutton.
- In one particularly advantageous development, the control inputs can be configured in such a way that the first and second switching states can be set by the switching signal being present briefly and a power that can be fed to a consumer can be altered by a switching signal present over a longer period of time.
- By virtue of the possibility of configuring control inputs such that different state changes are linked with different switching signals, it is advantageously possible to realize complex switching operations for a consumer with only one actuator. Thus, by way of example, a consumer, such as a lamp, could be switched on or off by means of a short switching signal—lasting for less than approximately one second—of a first or a second pushbutton, respectively. In addition, a power control of the consumer, for example the brightness control of a lamp, could be effected by means of a long switching signal having a duration of, for instance, one second or longer. Proceeding from the instantaneous value, when a long switching signal is present, the power fed to the consumer is altered in stages with temporal separation. Upon long actuation of the first pushbutton, the power fed to the consumer rises, proceeding from the instantaneous value, until the maximum value, for example, is reached. Upon long actuation of the second pushbutton, the power fed to the consumer falls, proceeding from the instantaneous value, until the minimum value, for example, is reached.
- In one preferred alternative, the control inputs can be configured in such a way that a change to the same switching state of the actuator can be initiated, independently of the polarity of a switching signal of a switching element and/or of the control input at which a switching signal of a switching element is present.
- What is advantageous about such an actuator is that it can also be used with existing cabling of a house, without additional lines having to be laid. Specifically, in existing cablings, the number of lines often does not suffice in order to be able to generate a switching signal having the necessary polarity which brings about a specific state change. If, by way of example, the light in a stairwell is intended to be switchable using different pushbuttons, it may be the case that only a voltage of the polarity L is present at one pushbutton, whereas only a voltage of the polarity N is present at another pushbutton. On account of the different polarity present at the pushbuttons, a specific state change, for example switching on the light, cannot be realized. By virtue of the individual configurability of each control input, however, it is possible to define a switching signal of arbitrary polarity as an initiator of a specific state change. The light can be switched on by the actuation of an arbitrary pushbutton, independently of the polarity present at the pushbutton.
- In addition or as an alternative thereto, the control input can be configured by means of software such that a change to the same state of the actuator can be initiated if a switching signal of arbitrary polarity is present at one of two or more control inputs. The two or more control inputs act as though they were a single control input. Thus, by way of example, a switching signal of the polarity L could be present at the first of the two or more control inputs or a signal of the polarity N could be present at the second of the two or more control inputs. The actuator changes its state independently of which of the control inputs a switching signal is present at.
- The above-described actuator of the invention can advantageously be integrated into an energy management system, in particular in the form of a building automation system. This energy management system then comprises a plurality of consumers; at least one control unit; at least one actuator according to the invention, which is assigned to the at least one control unit, or is coupled thereto for the power control of the consumers; and at least one communication link between the at least one control unit and the at least one actuator.
- The communication link is usually a bidirectional link, such that, firstly, manipulated variables can be transmitted from the control unit to the actuators and, secondly, the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices of the actuators can be communicated from said actuators to the control unit.
- Alongside the level of the actuators and the level of the control unit, depending on the application, the energy management system can contain further levels between the actuators and the control unit and/or above the control unit.
- Usually, a control unit is coupled to a plurality of actuators, but it is also possible for only one actuator to be driven by a control unit. Only one control unit or a plurality of control units can be provided in the energy management system. If a plurality of control units are provided, they are typically connected to a central unit and/or to one another.
- The communication link is preferably selected from a radio link and a mains power line. Within the scope of the present invention, however, wire-based communication links are also possible, in principle. Moreover, the communication link can also be embodied in different variants, that is to say that, for example, one portion of the actuators can be connected to the control unit via radio, while another portion of the actuators can be connected to the control unit via a mains power line.
- In one configuration of the invention, the at least one control unit additionally has an evaluation device for evaluating the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices of the actuators.
- In a further configuration of the invention, the at least one control unit is furthermore provided with an output device for outputting the measurement variables detected by the load detection devices of the actuators and/or the evaluation results of the evaluation device.
- In yet another configuration of the invention, the at least one control unit is furthermore provided with an input device for inputting manipulated variables for the power control of the input variables relating to consumers connected to the actuators. The input variables can be, for example, desired temperatures, brightnesses and the like of the consumers and times of day of the desired alterations.
- In one advantageous development, by means of a switching signal present at the control input of an actuator, the at least one assigned consumer of this and/or of at least one other actuator connected via the communication link can be driven.
- In other words, a switching signal present at a control input of an actuator has the effect that not only is it possible for the consumer connected to the actuator to be driven, but, by means of signal transmission via the communication interface, it is possible to cause another actuator to drive the consumer connected to the other actuator. Thus, it is possible, for example, that, upon actuation of a switch connected to an actuator via a first control input, a load, such as a lamp, connected thereto can be switched on and off. In addition or as an alternative thereto, the actuator directs a switching signal via a communication link to another actuator, the load of which, for example a garage door opener, opens or closes the garage door. In an analogous manner, it is also possible for an actuator not to be assigned a dedicated load and to serve merely as a remote control switch.
- Another variant provides for an actuation of a switching element to initiate a switching signal which is directed to a control input of an actuator. As a reaction to the switching signal, the actuator initiates a sequence of simultaneous and/or temporally staggered switching operations. By way of example, upon a lamp being switched on in a room, a plurality of ceiling and standard luminaires could be switched on simultaneously. In addition, after some time a fan is switched on, if the light has not been switched off again in the meantime. In a further variant, control inputs of a group of actuators can also be configured such that, upon actuation of an arbitrary switching element, the switching signal of which is present at a control input of an arbitrary actuator, the actuator, via the communication link, drives the group of actuators and initiates the switching sequence provided.
- It is also conceivable that only one pushbutton is available in the installation and said pushbutton is intended to control a plurality of actuators and the consumers assigned thereto. In this case, the assignment of the control signal to a control input of a specific actuator can be a predefined pressing sequence. By way of example, briefly actuating the button once can mean that the consumer of the first actuator is switched. Actuation of the button twice briefly in succession would switch the consumer of the second actuator, etc. Any desired pressing sequences are conceivable, which can either be fixedly predefined or trained into the system by the user.
- Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
- Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in an actuator and energy management system comprising such actuators, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
- The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 shows a functional illustration of the configuration of an exemplary energy management system comprising a plurality of actuators according to the present invention; and -
FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary interconnection of a plurality of actuators. - Referring now to the figures of the drawing in detail and first, particularly, to
FIG. 1 thereof, there is shown an exemplary building automation system serving for controlling fourelectronic consumers consumers 10 a . . . d are connected to apower mains 11 in a customary manner. - The
first consumer 10 a is coupled to a first actuator or actuatingelement 12 a, thesecond consumer 10 b is coupled to asecond actuator 12 b, and the third andfourth consumers third actuator 12 c. - For their part, the three
actuators 12 a . . . c are coupled to acontrol unit 14. - For this purpose, the
actuators 12 a . . . c each have afirst communication interface 16 and thecontrol unit 14 has asecond communication interface 18. Thesecond communication interface 18 of thecontrol unit 14 is coupled to the first communication interfaces 16 of theactuators 12 a . . . c via a communication link 20. The communication link 20 may be a radio link or a mains power line, for example. - The
actuators 12 a . . . c, which are embodied as dimmers, for example, are each equipped with aload detection device 22 and acontrol circuit 24. Theload detection devices 22 each serve for automatically detecting measurement variables relating to the load of theconsumer 10 a . . . d connected to therespective actuator 12 a . . . c. The measurement variables include the load magnitude (small load, medium load, large load, etc.) and the load type (resistive, inductive, capacitive) and preferably also the power consumption of the consumer/consumers 10 a . . . d. Thecontrol circuits 24 each serve for the power control of theconnected consumers 10 a . . . d. - With the measurement variables obtained by the
load detection devices 22, theactuators 12 a . . . c can then optimize the driving of the respectivelyconnected consumers 10 a . . . d. Thus, thecontrol circuit 24 can drive the consumer/consumers 10 a . . . d according to the principle of sinusoidal dimming for example in the case of a small load. The sinusoidal driving ofsmall power consumers 10 a . . . d can reduce the harmonic interference on thepower mains 11 and thus permit a more cost-effective configuration of electronically regulated consumers. - In the case of larger loads, the
control circuits 24 of theactuators 12 a . . . c preferably operate according to the phase chopping principle, if theconnected consumers 10 a . . . d are resistive loads such as, for example, incandescent lamps or capacitive loads such as, for example, energy saving lamps, or according to the phase gating principle if theconnected consumers 10 a . . . d are inductive loads such as, for example, halogen transformers. - A primary difference between these switching principles is the electronic switching elements. These are predominantly triacs, but also MOSFETs or IGBTs in particular cases, in phase gating controls, whereas MOSFETs or IGBTs are used in phase chopping controls. In the case of these switching elements, the rate of rise or fall of the consumer current can be set during switching on or off. An inductor that is large in the installed volume and such as is usually used in conventional dimmers in order to limit the current rise can be obviated as a result. The
control circuits 24 of theactuators 12 a . . . c thereby become more compact and more cost-effective. - A
control circuit 24 constructed with MOSFETs or IGBTs additionally permits the sinusoidal driving of the load by way of pulse width modulation (PWM). In this case, in the root-mean-square value of the supply voltage, a sinusoidal signal arises which, in contrast with the above-mentioned control methods, causes practically no harmonic distortions on themains power line 11 and therefore represents the ideal driving for all types of loading. Owing to the absence of a large current gap, it is possible to reduce the size of a buffer capacitor in the power supply unit of an electronic load connected downstream. - In the above-mentioned phase gating method, usually a power switch, at a preselectable triggering angle relative to the sinusoidal mains power half-cycles acquires low impedance and thus closes the electric circuit with a
consumer 10 a . . . d. In this case, the triggering angle is a measure of the magnitude of a predetermined desired value which is communicated to the actuator 12 a . . . c by thecontrol unit 14 for example in the form of a manipulated variable. At the zero crossing of the current through the power switch, the power switch then acquires high impedance again. On the basis of the example of an incandescent lamp this means that a very large switch-on current arises during switch-on for example in the center of a sinusoidal half-cycle, said current leading to audible humming of the incandescent filament. The phase chopping method avoids this current spike by virtue of the fact that the consumer is switched on at the voltage zero crossing and this prevents hard rising of the current. This analogously holds true for the charging current of an intermediate circuit capacitor of power supply units for energy saving lamps. Here, the mains distortions and the power loss in the intermediate circuit capacitor are reduced by the soft switching-on. Therefore, phase chopping control is generally much better suited to the driving of incandescent lamps and more modern luminous means such as energy saving lamps. The phase gating method has advantages when driving inductive loads. In this case, the hard rise in current is reduced by the inductance. On the other hand, an overvoltage spike is avoided during switch-off by virtue of the switching off being effected at the current zero crossing. In the case of a triac, this occurs inherently on account of its component property. In the case of switches such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, the switching off can be controlled in a supervised manner. An ideal switching behavior for all loads could be obtained with sinusoidal driving regulated in terms of amplitude. Pulse width modulation comes close to that technically. However, a higher interference spectrum and an increased switching power loss occur during pulse width modulation on account of numerous switching operations. Therefore, this method is advantageous only for relatively small load currents. - The automatic identification of load type and load magnitude and also the measurement of the consumed power by the
load detection devices 22 of theactuators 12 a . . . c make it possible to find a suitable driving pattern for theconsumers 10 a . . . d as described above. In this case, the sinusoidal driving is preferably chosen in the case of a small load. Since, in this case, an increased power loss arises in the switching transistors and the magnitude of the radio interference signals is increased, the system, starting from a specific load value, automatically changes over to phase gating control in the case of an inductive load, otherwise to phase chopping control. - The changeover of the driving principle of the
control circuit 24 depending on the measurement variables detected by theload detection device 22 can either be effected by the actuator 12 a . . . c itself or be instigated by thecontrol unit 14. - The
control unit 14 is equipped with anevaluation device 26 in order to evaluate the measurement variables detected by theload detection devices 22 of theactuators 12 a . . . c and, if appropriate, to correspondingly adapt the manipulated variables to be communicated to theactuators 12 a . . . c. - Moreover, the
control unit 14 is provided with an output device 28 (e.g. display, screen, printer, etc.) and an input device 30 (e.g., keyboard, touchscreen, etc.). By way of example, the measurement variables detected by theload detection devices 22 of theactuators 12 a . . . c and/or the evaluation results of theevaluation device 26 of thecontrol unit 14 can be displayed to or printed out for the user via theoutput device 28. By means of the measurement of the power consumption of theconsumers 10 a . . . d, the communication of said measurement variables to thecontrol unit 14 and the outputting of said measurement variables or corresponding evaluation results, the user has the possibility, for example, of monitoring the consumption of the consumers connected to the energy management and, if appropriate, adapting the consumption behavior thereof. Moreover, an intelligent regulating system provided in thecontrol unit 14 or in a superordinate central unit can, in an automated manner, influence the powers consumed by theconsumers 10 a . . . d. - As illustrated in
FIG. 1 , theactuators 12 a . . . c are usually furthermore coupled tosensors 32 and/or switchingelements 34, such as switches or pushbuttons, by means of which, by way of example, the ambient brightness can be detected or a luminaire can be switched on directly. In a special case,individual actuators 12 a . . . c may have no direct coupling tosensors 32 and/or switchingelements 34, but rather are coupled indirectly via thecommunication interface 16 tosensors 32 and/or switchingelements 34 of another actuator 12 a . . . c. -
FIG. 2 illustrates the schematic interconnection on the basis of the example of twoactuators further actuators 12 c . . . z and details shown inFIG. 1 have been omitted for reasons of clarity. - Each actuator 12 a and 12 b has two
supply connections outputs supply connections mains power line 11 and the mains voltage fed in can be looped through unchanged to thesupply connections actuator 12 b via theoutputs further actuators 12 c . . . z can likewise be supplied with mains voltage in this way. Alternatively, each actuator 12 a . . . z could be directly connected to themains power line 11 via itssupply connections - Each actuator 12 a and 12 b has two
connections consumer - Furthermore, each actuator 12 a and 12 b has two
control inputs control circuit 24 of therespective actuator sensor 32 and/or a switchingelement 34, such as a switch or pushbutton. A switching signal is generated by means of the actuation of the switchingelement 34 or by means of a sensor signal and said switching signal is fed into the actuator 12 a, 12 b. - The possible number of
supply connections outputs connections consumers control inputs sensors 32 and of switchingelements 34 is not restricted.
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201010024992 DE102010024992B4 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2010-06-24 | Actuator and energy management system with such actuators |
DE102010024992.0 | 2010-06-24 | ||
DE102010024992 | 2010-06-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20120019066A1 true US20120019066A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
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US13/167,947 Expired - Fee Related US9287708B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | Actuator and energy management system comprising such actuators |
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EP (1) | EP2400618A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010024992B4 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20150318706A1 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2015-11-05 | Adrian ILINCA | Multi-source renewable energy station |
Families Citing this family (3)
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DE102015118725B3 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-02-09 | Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland Gmbh | Circuit operating apparatus and method for controlling such a group circuit |
CN109742757A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-10 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of generation method of integrated energy system load security domain |
DE102020203612B4 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-12-23 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Lighting device |
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US20100001591A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2010-01-07 | Michael Hani | Switching Actuator for Controlling the Energy Supply to Electric Consumers |
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DE10316008B4 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2007-12-20 | Db Netz Ag | Method and device for safe emergency lighting of tunnels |
EP1596484A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-16 | SFC Smart Fuel Cell GmbH | Energy management module |
DE202007017558U1 (en) * | 2007-12-15 | 2009-04-23 | Reitz Gmbh | Remote controllable installation switch |
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US8433530B2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2013-04-30 | ThinkEco, Inc. | System and method for monitoring and management of utility usage |
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2010
- 2010-06-24 DE DE201010024992 patent/DE102010024992B4/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-06-17 EP EP11004950.9A patent/EP2400618A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-24 US US13/167,947 patent/US9287708B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4445049A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1984-04-24 | General Electric Company | Inverter for interfacing advanced energy sources to a utility grid |
US5572438A (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 1996-11-05 | Teco Energy Management Services | Engery management and building automation system |
DE19747157A1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-04-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Switch actuator for controlling electrical loads |
US6836080B2 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2004-12-28 | Astral Communications, Inc. | Energy savings device and method for a resistive and/or an inductive load and/or a capacitive load |
US20100001591A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2010-01-07 | Michael Hani | Switching Actuator for Controlling the Energy Supply to Electric Consumers |
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US20150318706A1 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2015-11-05 | Adrian ILINCA | Multi-source renewable energy station |
Also Published As
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DE102010024992A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
EP2400618A2 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
US9287708B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
DE102010024992B4 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
EP2400618A3 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
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