US20110292060A1 - Frame buffer sizing to optimize the performance of on screen graphics in a digital electronic device - Google Patents

Frame buffer sizing to optimize the performance of on screen graphics in a digital electronic device Download PDF

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US20110292060A1
US20110292060A1 US13/149,887 US201113149887A US2011292060A1 US 20110292060 A1 US20110292060 A1 US 20110292060A1 US 201113149887 A US201113149887 A US 201113149887A US 2011292060 A1 US2011292060 A1 US 2011292060A1
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frame buffer
visible
display
electronic device
application
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US13/149,887
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Paul Chambers
Christophe J. Gillette
Brian Tarricone
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Intel Corp
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Kno Inc
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/0483—Interaction with page-structured environments, e.g. book metaphor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
    • G06F1/1637—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing
    • G06F1/1643—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing the display being associated to a digitizer, e.g. laptops that can be used as penpads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1615—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with several enclosures having relative motions, each enclosure supporting at least one I/O or computing function
    • G06F1/1616—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with several enclosures having relative motions, each enclosure supporting at least one I/O or computing function with folding flat displays, e.g. laptop computers or notebooks having a clamshell configuration, with body parts pivoting to an open position around an axis parallel to the plane they define in closed position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
    • G06F1/1637—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing
    • G06F1/1647—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing including at least an additional display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/0482—Interaction with lists of selectable items, e.g. menus
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
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    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text

Definitions

  • the invention relates to generally to electronic devices. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and devices for manipulating the frame buffer.
  • GPU Graphical Processing Unit
  • the GPU is responsible for maintaining the image shown to the user, i.e. refreshing the display, and improving the performance of updating that image, i.e. accelerating drawing operations. It is common for the GPU to have dedicated memory set aside for its use. Since it accesses memory intensely, were this not done, competition for access to memory would decrease the performance of both the CPU and GPU.
  • the frame buffer is enlarged well beyond the dimensions of the display and the user is unable to change which region of the frame buffer is visible on the display.
  • An application is allocated a region for its exclusive use that is within the portion of the frame buffer which is not visible to the user, and draws into it.
  • the application may also take full advantage of accelerated drawing operations offered by the GPU. Compositing may be done by the application or by a window manager between regions of the enlarged frame buffer, visible on-screen, the portion off-screen, or any combination.
  • FIG. 1 shows a frame buffer in accordance with the instant invention.
  • This invention helps overcome the described difficulties by utilizing an on screen window outside of the display area.
  • a frame buffer is a region of memory specially formatted for the GPU to scan in order to send the image to a display device. This is typically done repeatedly, many times a second, as the majority of display technologies in common use today must be constantly refreshed in order to display the image. It is common to have an application render its visual representation into an off-screen buffer in the CPU memory, which will be copied into GPU memory later. It is also common to combine multiple off-screen images through drawing operations that overlap and merge them (e.g. through the use of transparency). This processing is termed compositing.
  • GPU memory e.g. textures, geometry
  • visual image e.g. a 3D scene
  • graphical elements are not in a form that can be visualized directly—they are components from which a visual image can be built through additional processing. It is also typical to have more than one frame buffer, so one can be updated while the other is being scanned, so that the display does not show a partially-updated image (typically known as double or triple buffering).
  • the frame buffer is enlarged well beyond the dimensions of the display and the user is unable to change which region of the frame buffer is visible on the display.
  • the frame buffer ( 1 ) is larger than the region visible to the user ( 2 ).
  • An application is allocated a region for its exclusive use ( 3 ) or ( 4 ) that is within the portion of the frame buffer which is not visible to the user, and draws into it (akin to an ‘off-screen buffer’, but in the GPU memory).
  • the application may also take full advantage of accelerated drawing operations offered by the GPU. Compositing may be done by the application or by a window manager (or similar software component) between regions of the enlarged frame buffer, visible on-screen, the portion off-screen, or any combination.
  • a device may have a display with a resolution of 800 pixels by 600 pixels.
  • Normal practice is for the frame buffer to have the same dimensions.
  • the frame buffer is enlarged to 2400 ⁇ 600.
  • the region from 0,0 to 799,599 may be assigned to be visible, and be used directly by the GPU to refresh the display.
  • One application might be allocated 800,0 to 999,149, and draw its representation in that 200 ⁇ 150 pixel region.
  • Another might be allocated 800,150 to 1200,599, and draw its representation within that 400 ⁇ 450 pixel region.
  • a compositing window manager can combine those images by copying them into the visible region at 0,0 to 799,599, perhaps overlapping them, and using transparency during the copy so that one may be seen partially through the other, where they overlap.
  • Arbitrary regions of the invisible portions may be allocated to applications, either statically or dynamically, and possibly altered or re-allocated as the application's needs change.
  • This technique may also apply to systems with multiple frame buffers, which may be the same or different sizes. Frame buffers that currently have no portion visible to the user may be considered entirely invisible, and their entire dimensions used in the fashion described above. Or the area that would be visible if the frame buffer were made primary could be reserved and not allocated for off-screen use.
  • a potentially more efficient path can be used.
  • the pixel data can be copied from the window's back buffer.
  • the pixel data is then blitted to the screen from the off-screen buffer in whatever manner is defined by the rendering pipeline.

Abstract

In the instant invention an improved method and device is described for utilizing the frame buffer of and electronic device with a display. The frame buffer is enlarged well beyond the dimensions of the display and the user is unable to change which region of the frame buffer is visible on the display. An application of the electronic device is allocated a region for its exclusive use that is within the portion of the frame buffer which is not visible to the user, and draws into it. The application may also take full advantage of accelerated drawing operations offered by the GPU. Compositing may be done by the application or by a window manager between regions of the enlarged frame buffer, visible on-screen, the portion off-screen, or any combination.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/396,789 filed Jun. 1, 2010, entitled “Electronic Device for Education”, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to generally to electronic devices. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and devices for manipulating the frame buffer.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Devices with a graphical user interface increasingly use a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) in addition to a CPU. The GPU is responsible for maintaining the image shown to the user, i.e. refreshing the display, and improving the performance of updating that image, i.e. accelerating drawing operations. It is common for the GPU to have dedicated memory set aside for its use. Since it accesses memory intensely, were this not done, competition for access to memory would decrease the performance of both the CPU and GPU.
  • This separation between CPU and GPU memory brings other challenges, however. It is commonplace to have constraints on how one unit can access the other's memory. For example, the CPU typically does not have direct access to the GPU memory, and vice-versa. Even if direct access is possible, performance is poor due to the contention issue described above. Thus, the approach used by an application to render images, through the compositing of the output of multiple applications onto one (or more) displays, is one that is critical to user experience, yet difficult to do efficiently and with high performance.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In one embodiment of the invention, the frame buffer is enlarged well beyond the dimensions of the display and the user is unable to change which region of the frame buffer is visible on the display. An application is allocated a region for its exclusive use that is within the portion of the frame buffer which is not visible to the user, and draws into it. The application may also take full advantage of accelerated drawing operations offered by the GPU. Compositing may be done by the application or by a window manager between regions of the enlarged frame buffer, visible on-screen, the portion off-screen, or any combination.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 shows a frame buffer in accordance with the instant invention.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention helps overcome the described difficulties by utilizing an on screen window outside of the display area.
  • A frame buffer is a region of memory specially formatted for the GPU to scan in order to send the image to a display device. This is typically done repeatedly, many times a second, as the majority of display technologies in common use today must be constantly refreshed in order to display the image. It is common to have an application render its visual representation into an off-screen buffer in the CPU memory, which will be copied into GPU memory later. It is also common to combine multiple off-screen images through drawing operations that overlap and merge them (e.g. through the use of transparency). This processing is termed compositing.
  • It is also customary to hold graphical components in GPU memory (e.g. textures, geometry), that will be later combined to display a visual image (e.g. a 3D scene). These graphical elements are not in a form that can be visualized directly—they are components from which a visual image can be built through additional processing. It is also typical to have more than one frame buffer, so one can be updated while the other is being scanned, so that the display does not show a partially-updated image (typically known as double or triple buffering).
  • It is not customary to have a frame buffer whose dimensions do not match that of the display. When that is the case, the portion that is visible to the user may be translated within the larger display, so while the entire frame buffer may not all be visible to the user simultaneously, the user can direct the device to show any portion under his or her control.
  • In the instant invention, the frame buffer is enlarged well beyond the dimensions of the display and the user is unable to change which region of the frame buffer is visible on the display. As shown in FIG. 1, the frame buffer (1) is larger than the region visible to the user (2). An application is allocated a region for its exclusive use (3) or (4) that is within the portion of the frame buffer which is not visible to the user, and draws into it (akin to an ‘off-screen buffer’, but in the GPU memory). The application may also take full advantage of accelerated drawing operations offered by the GPU. Compositing may be done by the application or by a window manager (or similar software component) between regions of the enlarged frame buffer, visible on-screen, the portion off-screen, or any combination.
  • In the preferred embodiment, a device may have a display with a resolution of 800 pixels by 600 pixels. Normal practice is for the frame buffer to have the same dimensions. In this embodiment of the invention, the frame buffer is enlarged to 2400×600. The region from 0,0 to 799,599 may be assigned to be visible, and be used directly by the GPU to refresh the display. One application might be allocated 800,0 to 999,149, and draw its representation in that 200×150 pixel region. Another might be allocated 800,150 to 1200,599, and draw its representation within that 400×450 pixel region. A compositing window manager can combine those images by copying them into the visible region at 0,0 to 799,599, perhaps overlapping them, and using transparency during the copy so that one may be seen partially through the other, where they overlap.
  • Arbitrary regions of the invisible portions may be allocated to applications, either statically or dynamically, and possibly altered or re-allocated as the application's needs change. This technique may also apply to systems with multiple frame buffers, which may be the same or different sizes. Frame buffers that currently have no portion visible to the user may be considered entirely invisible, and their entire dimensions used in the fashion described above. Or the area that would be visible if the frame buffer were made primary could be reserved and not allocated for off-screen use.
  • Optionally, a potentially more efficient path can be used. For example, instead of copying directly from the onscreen window, the pixel data can be copied from the window's back buffer. The pixel data is then blitted to the screen from the off-screen buffer in whatever manner is defined by the rendering pipeline.

Claims (2)

1. A method for use on a display device comprising:
generating a frame buffer larger than the visible area of the display device;
redirecting the contents of an on screen window to an area of the frame buffer outside of the visible area;
compositing contents of the frame buffer, including at least some portion of the frame buffer outside the visible area; and
updating the contents of the visible portion of the frame buffer based on the compositing.
2. A computer readable medium capable of storing a program facilitating the following steps:
generating a frame buffer larger than the visible area of the display device;
redirecting the contents of an on screen window to an area of the frame buffer outside of the visible area;
compositing contents of the frame buffer, including at least some portion of the frame buffer outside the visible area; and
updating the contents of the visible portion of the frame buffer based on the compositing.
US13/149,887 2010-06-01 2011-05-31 Frame buffer sizing to optimize the performance of on screen graphics in a digital electronic device Abandoned US20110292060A1 (en)

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US39678910P 2010-06-01 2010-06-01
US13/149,887 US20110292060A1 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-31 Frame buffer sizing to optimize the performance of on screen graphics in a digital electronic device

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US12/964,660 Abandoned US20110291964A1 (en) 2010-06-01 2010-12-09 Apparatus and Method for Gesture Control of a Dual Panel Electronic Device
US13/117,087 Abandoned US20110291969A1 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-26 Apparatus and Method for Right/Left Hand Orientation of a Dual Panel Electronic Device
US13/117,080 Expired - Fee Related US9037991B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-26 Apparatus and method for digital content navigation
US13/149,868 Expired - Fee Related US9141134B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-31 Utilization of temporal and spatial parameters to enhance the writing capability of an electronic device
US13/149,887 Abandoned US20110292060A1 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-31 Frame buffer sizing to optimize the performance of on screen graphics in a digital electronic device
US14/702,025 Expired - Fee Related US9996227B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2015-05-01 Apparatus and method for digital content navigation

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US12/964,660 Abandoned US20110291964A1 (en) 2010-06-01 2010-12-09 Apparatus and Method for Gesture Control of a Dual Panel Electronic Device
US13/117,087 Abandoned US20110291969A1 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-26 Apparatus and Method for Right/Left Hand Orientation of a Dual Panel Electronic Device
US13/117,080 Expired - Fee Related US9037991B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-26 Apparatus and method for digital content navigation
US13/149,868 Expired - Fee Related US9141134B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-31 Utilization of temporal and spatial parameters to enhance the writing capability of an electronic device

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