US20110000969A1 - Tire antenna for RFID - Google Patents
Tire antenna for RFID Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110000969A1 US20110000969A1 US12/660,418 US66041810A US2011000969A1 US 20110000969 A1 US20110000969 A1 US 20110000969A1 US 66041810 A US66041810 A US 66041810A US 2011000969 A1 US2011000969 A1 US 2011000969A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- range
- ohms
- sheet
- rfid device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07773—Antenna details
- G06K19/07786—Antenna details the antenna being of the HF type, such as a dipole
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/04—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the shape
- G06K19/041—Constructional details
Definitions
- RFID radio frequency identification devices
- Other devices, including RFID devices, which may be incorporated on a surface of or within the structure of a tire for monitoring various functions relative to the tire include the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,562,787; 5,741,966; 6,062,072; 6,856,245; 6,897,770; 7,009,576; and 7,186,308.
- the disclosures contained in these patents are incorporated herein by reference.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,009,576 discloses a tire having a radio frequency antenna embedded therein. Since the rubber in which the radio frequency antenna is embedded is in a mixture of rubber and the conductive dielectric material carbon black, the patent discloses the use of an insulating layer, which is attached to the antenna by an adhesive coating, to insulate the antenna from the conductive dielectric rubber. Although U.S. Pat. No. 7,009,576 does not specifically identify the material from which the antenna is manufactured, typically, the antenna will be a conductive metal wire or a thin sheet of metal foil such as copper as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,787 or 6,147,659.
- the present invention utilizes an antenna which is embedded along with a computer chip in the body of a tire or affixed to the inner surface of the tire.
- the antenna is formed of an electrically conductive ink having a formulation which includes carbon and silver and is encapsulated in insulation formed by a pair of non-conducting rubber sheets adhered together.
- the insulation preferably is a non-conducting rubber but could be other materials having properties suitable for integration within the rubber tire. Other materials which may be utilized for the insulation include an elastomer or rubber minus the carbon black which is the conductive component.
- the insulation isolates the antenna from the dielectric rubber of the tire and, thereby, prevents the conductive rubber from dissipating the energy being conducted by the antenna.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a tire showing an RFID device with the antenna of the present invention encapsulated therein.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing one form of antenna with a computer chip encapsulated between two layers of insulation material.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the assembly shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a view showing various configurations of antennae formed using electrically conductive ink.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a tire T having a crown 10 with external treads 12 and grooves 14 .
- the tire T has the crown 10 extending radially outwardly along an arcuate path to a pair of oppositely disposed sidewalls 16 which define the maximum radial extent of the tire T.
- the sidewalls 16 curve inwardly from such maximum radial extent to a narrower area terminating at a pair of oppositely disposed beads 18 .
- an RFID device 20 of the present invention which is permanently embedded either in the crown 10 or in one of the sidewalls 16 . It may also be adhered to the inner surface of the tire in the area of the crown 10 or the sidewall 16 .
- the RFID device includes a pair of insulation members 22 and an antenna 24 encapsulated therebetween.
- a semiconductor microchip 26 such as one manufactured by NXP as its item SL3S1001FTT is attached to tabs 28 of the antenna 24 .
- the insulation members 22 may be formed of any of a number of non-conductive or low conductive materials such as those specified above and having a dielectric constant of about 4 or less.
- the insulation members 22 have a thickness in the range of 0.05 mm to 3 mm, where mm is millimeters.
- the edges 23 of the opposing insulation members 22 are sealed together completely around the periphery of the assembly at edges 23 to thereby encapsulate the antenna 24 and the chip 26 .
- the insulation members are formed non-conductive green (non-vulcanized) rubber. When manufactured of green rubber, the edges 23 of the opposed insulation members 22 will adhere together without the necessity of providing any adhesive therebetween. When green rubber is used for the insulation, the insulation members 22 can be sealed together simply by pressing together the edges of the opposed members 22 . If the insulation members 22 are formed of a material other than green rubber the edges can be heat sealed or adhesively joined together.
- the conductive ink is printed directly on one of the insulation members 22 which is then cured for 8 to 12 minutes at a temperature of 90° to 130° C. and preferably for 10 minutes at 100 degrees C., thus curing the ink.
- the chip 26 is then installed and the other insulation member 22 is affixed thereto over the antenna 24 and chip 26 and the edges 23 of such joined insulation members 22 , 22 are sealed together thereby encapsulating the antenna 24 and chip 26 there between.
- the thickness of the ink is in the range of 0.0006 to 0.34 mm. with a preferred average thickness of about 0.011 mm.
- the conductive ink is formulated on a custom basis as set forth herein using conductive inks of the type manufactured and distributed by Engineered Conductive Materials, LLC (ECM), Delaware, Ohio.
- ECM Engineered Conductive Materials, LLC
- the inks used in formulating the ink for the antenna 24 of the present invention are ECM's product numbers Cl-1036 silver/proprietary resin, Cl-2001 carbon/vinyl and Cl-2014 carbon/vinyl.
- Inks of the above type are mixed to provide a solution having a preferred range of about 80% silver resin to about 20% carbon/vinyl.
- An antenna suitable for the intended purpose of the present invention could have 100% silver resin and 0 carbon.
- it is preferred to have lower amounts of silver resin because the cost of silver resin is significantly higher than the cost of carbon/vinyl ink.
- the silver resin of the ink formulation should be at least 75% with no more than 25% carbon/vinyl. The higher the percentage of concentration of silver resin in the solution forming the ink, the more conductive will be the antenna.
- the cost of producing an RFID device utilizing the ink antenna of the present invention is significantly less than the cost of manufacturing a conventional RFID device with copper or other metal for the antenna.
- the cost of a conventional RFID devices copper antenna could be approximately twenty cents per device. This compares with the cost of an RFID device manufactured using the antenna as set forth in the present invention of approximately one to two cents per device.
- the ink formulated as set forth above is printed onto a surface of one of the insulation members 22 in the thickness range set forth above.
- the semiconductor microchip 26 is then positioned between the tabs 28 of the antenna 24 and a second insulation member 22 is engaged to the first insulation member 22 with the antenna 24 and semi-conductor microchip 26 therebetween.
- the assembly is then cured for 5-10 minutes by heating to approximately 110° C. Such curing causes the second insulation member 22 and its edges 23 to become adhered to the first insulation member 22 and its edges 23 thereby encapsulating the antenna 24 and semi-conductor microchip 26 therebetween.
- FIG. 2 shows one possible configuration of an antenna 24 .
- FIG. 4 is a view showing various configurations of antennae formed with one of the ink formulations disclosed herein.
- each of the configurations of antenna shown in the right column has a higher resistance than antenna having configurations shown in the left column.
- the resistance of the respective antenna is higher the further down the column it is located, however some of that variation may due to differences in the formulation and/or the thickness of the applied ink forming the antenna.
- Those antenna in the bottom row generally have a resistance higher than those in the left row by lower than those shown in the right column.
- the various antenna shapes include a pair of tabs 28 each of which is engaged to the chip 26 and each of which has extending therefrom linear and/or arcuate sections.
- the antenna have a resistance in the range of 200-300 ohms; however, it could have a range as great as 1 ohm to 500 ohms.
- Antennae that have lower resistances and match the impendence of the RFID chip provide a long range of transmission.
- the RFID device of the present invention is one which is economical to manufacture and can be provided with an antenna ink formulation and configuration to provide one of a number of levels of resistance tailored to the specific requirements of the device.
Abstract
Description
- This application is based upon and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/270,079 filed Jul. 2, 2009.
- The use of radio frequency identification devices (RFID) in tires is gaining in popularity. See for example my issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,504,947. Other devices, including RFID devices, which may be incorporated on a surface of or within the structure of a tire for monitoring various functions relative to the tire include the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,562,787; 5,741,966; 6,062,072; 6,856,245; 6,897,770; 7,009,576; and 7,186,308. The disclosures contained in these patents are incorporated herein by reference.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,009,576 discloses a tire having a radio frequency antenna embedded therein. Since the rubber in which the radio frequency antenna is embedded is in a mixture of rubber and the conductive dielectric material carbon black, the patent discloses the use of an insulating layer, which is attached to the antenna by an adhesive coating, to insulate the antenna from the conductive dielectric rubber. Although U.S. Pat. No. 7,009,576 does not specifically identify the material from which the antenna is manufactured, typically, the antenna will be a conductive metal wire or a thin sheet of metal foil such as copper as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,787 or 6,147,659.
- The present invention utilizes an antenna which is embedded along with a computer chip in the body of a tire or affixed to the inner surface of the tire. The antenna is formed of an electrically conductive ink having a formulation which includes carbon and silver and is encapsulated in insulation formed by a pair of non-conducting rubber sheets adhered together. The insulation preferably is a non-conducting rubber but could be other materials having properties suitable for integration within the rubber tire. Other materials which may be utilized for the insulation include an elastomer or rubber minus the carbon black which is the conductive component. The insulation isolates the antenna from the dielectric rubber of the tire and, thereby, prevents the conductive rubber from dissipating the energy being conducted by the antenna.
-
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a tire showing an RFID device with the antenna of the present invention encapsulated therein. -
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing one form of antenna with a computer chip encapsulated between two layers of insulation material. -
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the assembly shown inFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a view showing various configurations of antennae formed using electrically conductive ink. - Referring to
FIG. 1 there is shown a tire T having acrown 10 withexternal treads 12 andgrooves 14. In cross-section the tire T has thecrown 10 extending radially outwardly along an arcuate path to a pair of oppositely disposedsidewalls 16 which define the maximum radial extent of the tire T. Thesidewalls 16 curve inwardly from such maximum radial extent to a narrower area terminating at a pair of oppositely disposedbeads 18. As shown inFIG. 1 there is provided anRFID device 20 of the present invention which is permanently embedded either in thecrown 10 or in one of thesidewalls 16. It may also be adhered to the inner surface of the tire in the area of thecrown 10 or thesidewall 16. - Referring to
FIGS. 2 and 3 , the RFID device includes a pair of insulation members 22 and an antenna 24 encapsulated therebetween. A semiconductor microchip 26 such as one manufactured by NXP as its item SL3S1001FTT is attached to tabs 28 of the antenna 24. The insulation members 22 may be formed of any of a number of non-conductive or low conductive materials such as those specified above and having a dielectric constant of about 4 or less. The insulation members 22 have a thickness in the range of 0.05 mm to 3 mm, where mm is millimeters. - As can be seen in
FIG. 3 , the edges 23 of the opposing insulation members 22 are sealed together completely around the periphery of the assembly at edges 23 to thereby encapsulate the antenna 24 and the chip 26. Preferably, the insulation members are formed non-conductive green (non-vulcanized) rubber. When manufactured of green rubber, the edges 23 of the opposed insulation members 22 will adhere together without the necessity of providing any adhesive therebetween. When green rubber is used for the insulation, the insulation members 22 can be sealed together simply by pressing together the edges of the opposed members 22. If the insulation members 22 are formed of a material other than green rubber the edges can be heat sealed or adhesively joined together. - The conductive ink is printed directly on one of the insulation members 22 which is then cured for 8 to 12 minutes at a temperature of 90° to 130° C. and preferably for 10 minutes at 100 degrees C., thus curing the ink. The chip 26 is then installed and the other insulation member 22 is affixed thereto over the antenna 24 and chip 26 and the edges 23 of such joined insulation members 22, 22 are sealed together thereby encapsulating the antenna 24 and chip 26 there between.
- The thickness of the ink is in the range of 0.0006 to 0.34 mm. with a preferred average thickness of about 0.011 mm. The conductive ink is formulated on a custom basis as set forth herein using conductive inks of the type manufactured and distributed by Engineered Conductive Materials, LLC (ECM), Delaware, Ohio. Among the inks used in formulating the ink for the antenna 24 of the present invention are ECM's product numbers Cl-1036 silver/proprietary resin, Cl-2001 carbon/vinyl and Cl-2014 carbon/vinyl.
- Inks of the above type are mixed to provide a solution having a preferred range of about 80% silver resin to about 20% carbon/vinyl. An antenna suitable for the intended purpose of the present invention could have 100% silver resin and 0 carbon. However, from the standpoint of economics, it is preferred to have lower amounts of silver resin because the cost of silver resin is significantly higher than the cost of carbon/vinyl ink. From a practical standpoint in providing in ink on an economical basis with suitable properties for the tire antenna of the present invention, the silver resin of the ink formulation should be at least 75% with no more than 25% carbon/vinyl. The higher the percentage of concentration of silver resin in the solution forming the ink, the more conductive will be the antenna.
- Even with an ink formulation having a very high percentage of silver resin, the cost of producing an RFID device utilizing the ink antenna of the present invention is significantly less than the cost of manufacturing a conventional RFID device with copper or other metal for the antenna. Thus, the cost of a conventional RFID devices copper antenna could be approximately twenty cents per device. This compares with the cost of an RFID device manufactured using the antenna as set forth in the present invention of approximately one to two cents per device.
- In preparing the RFID device using the antenna 24 of the present invention, after formulating, the ink formulated as set forth above is printed onto a surface of one of the insulation members 22 in the thickness range set forth above. The semiconductor microchip 26 is then positioned between the tabs 28 of the antenna 24 and a second insulation member 22 is engaged to the first insulation member 22 with the antenna 24 and semi-conductor microchip 26 therebetween. The assembly is then cured for 5-10 minutes by heating to approximately 110° C. Such curing causes the second insulation member 22 and its edges 23 to become adhered to the first insulation member 22 and its edges 23 thereby encapsulating the antenna 24 and semi-conductor microchip 26 therebetween.
FIG. 2 shows one possible configuration of an antenna 24. -
FIG. 4 is a view showing various configurations of antennae formed with one of the ink formulations disclosed herein. Thus, inFIG. 4 , each of the configurations of antenna shown in the right column has a higher resistance than antenna having configurations shown in the left column. In the right column, the resistance of the respective antenna is higher the further down the column it is located, however some of that variation may due to differences in the formulation and/or the thickness of the applied ink forming the antenna. Those antenna in the bottom row generally have a resistance higher than those in the left row by lower than those shown in the right column. - For the antennae shapes shown in
FIG. 4 produced from ink of 100% silver resin the resistance was less than 1 ohm for those shapes shown in the left column to slightly over 2 ohms for those shapes shown in the right column. For antenna shapes shown inFIG. 4 produced with ink of 75% silver, there is also a variation of resistance. - It can be readily seen from the foregoing, that it is possible to vary the ohms of resistance for the various shapes of antennae by varying the amount of silver used in the solution used for forming the antenna of the RFID device of the present invention and by varying the shape. The various antenna shapes include a pair of tabs 28 each of which is engaged to the chip 26 and each of which has extending therefrom linear and/or arcuate sections.
- For the RFID device of the present invention it is preferred that the antenna have a resistance in the range of 200-300 ohms; however, it could have a range as great as 1 ohm to 500 ohms.
- Antennae that have lower resistances and match the impendence of the RFID chip provide a long range of transmission.
- The RFID device of the present invention is one which is economical to manufacture and can be provided with an antenna ink formulation and configuration to provide one of a number of levels of resistance tailored to the specific requirements of the device.
Claims (36)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/660,418 US8231060B2 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2010-02-26 | Tire antenna for RFID |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US27007909P | 2009-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | |
US12/660,418 US8231060B2 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2010-02-26 | Tire antenna for RFID |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20110000969A1 true US20110000969A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
US8231060B2 US8231060B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
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US12/660,418 Active 2030-07-18 US8231060B2 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2010-02-26 | Tire antenna for RFID |
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Cited By (8)
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US20110278362A1 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Wireless ic device |
US20140276085A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Volcano Corporation | Coregistered intravascular and angiographic images |
EP3473455A1 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-24 | Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH | Method for manufacturing a transponder for a vehicle tyre |
WO2019076500A1 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Method for forming a contactlessly readable identification unit in a tire |
US10486477B2 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2019-11-26 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc | Rubber coating for electronic communication module, electronic module containing same, and related methods |
US10525770B2 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2020-01-07 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc | Rubber compositions for radio devices in tires |
CN110978900A (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2020-04-10 | 通伊欧轮胎株式会社 | Tyre for vehicle wheels |
US20230132677A1 (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-05-04 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Static discharge element for a tire |
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EP3201841A1 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-08-09 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Tire tracking rfid label |
JP6681479B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2020-04-15 | ブリヂストン アメリカズ タイヤ オペレーションズ、 エルエルシー | Tire with electronic device having reinforced cord antenna |
RU184360U1 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-10-23 | Александр Николаевич Краснов | RFID tag |
US11842243B2 (en) | 2019-12-28 | 2023-12-12 | Avery Dennison Retail Information Services Llc | RFID systems for use with tires |
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