US20110000244A1 - Transport Refrigeration Series Hybrid Power Supply - Google Patents

Transport Refrigeration Series Hybrid Power Supply Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110000244A1
US20110000244A1 US12/667,761 US66776107A US2011000244A1 US 20110000244 A1 US20110000244 A1 US 20110000244A1 US 66776107 A US66776107 A US 66776107A US 2011000244 A1 US2011000244 A1 US 2011000244A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
alternator
engine
coupled
direct current
rectifier bridge
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/667,761
Inventor
John R. Reason
Nader S. Awwad
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Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Assigned to CARRIER CORPORATION reassignment CARRIER CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AWWAD, NADER S., REASON, JOHN R.
Publication of US20110000244A1 publication Critical patent/US20110000244A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00421Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
    • B60H1/00428Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/20AC to AC converters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2327/00Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003Transport containers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the field of transport refrigeration systems. More specifically, the invention relates to transport refrigeration systems employing a series hybrid power supply outputting direct current (DC) to power either a DC or alternating current (ac) compressor motor.
  • DC direct current
  • ac alternating current
  • Transport refrigeration systems such as those used on truck trailers, typically employ a mechanically coupled shaft driven compressor or an electric motor driven compressor.
  • an engine such as a diesel is either directly or indirectly coupled to the refrigeration compressor.
  • the engine may also drive the refrigeration condenser fans, evaporator fans, and other components through additional mechanical drives using pulleys, V-belts and the like.
  • the engine is coupled to an alternator which provides single or polyphase ac power for all refrigeration loads.
  • Refrigeration loads typically include a compressor motor, condenser fan motors, evaporator fan motors, electric defrosting heaters, and other electric loads.
  • What is desired is a system that provides DC to power DC and ac loads.
  • a DC distribution for DC motors provides less expensive motor speed control than ac motors, a lower cost load distribution bus since the number of conductors is reduced as compared with polyphase ac systems as well as the number of contactor poles, and the inherent simplicity in understanding DC systems.
  • a series hybrid power supply system using a DC distribution bus is taught for a trailer box refrigeration system.
  • the trailer box refrigeration system may use either a DC or an ac motor to power its associated compressor.
  • the series hybrid alternator produces power which is full wave rectified for DC refrigeration system loads.
  • One aspect of the invention provides a series hybrid mobile refrigeration power supply system for an electric transport refrigeration system cooling a trailer box.
  • Systems according to this aspect of the invention comprise an engine coupled to an alternator for providing an alternating current output, a rectifier bridge coupled to the output of the alternator for converting the alternating current to direct current, a distribution bus coupled to the rectifier bridge for distributing direct current to a plurality of mobile refrigeration system loads, and a direct current compressor motor electrically coupled to the distribution bus using a contactor as a switching device to energize the compressor motor when required by cooling demand.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a system for providing electric power for an electric transport refrigeration system used to cool a trailer box.
  • Systems according to this aspect of the invention comprise an engine coupled to an alternator for providing an alternating current output, a rectifier bridge coupled to the output of the alternator for converting the alternating current to direct current, a distribution bus coupled to the rectifier bridge for distributing direct current to a plurality of loads, a compressor motor contactor coupled to the direct current bus, an inverter coupled to the compressor motor contactor for inverting the direct current to an alternating current supplied to the compressor motor when required by cooling demand.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram for a series hybrid AC alternator outputting dc to power a dc compressor motor for a trailer box refrigeration system.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram for a series hybrid AC alternator outputting dc to power an AC compressor motor for a trailer box refrigeration system.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is a first embodiment 101 of a series hybrid dc power distribution system for a mobile refrigeration unit.
  • a gasoline or diesel engine 103 turns a synchronous alternator 105 to generate power for an electric motor 107 that operates a compressor 109 for the mobile refrigeration system.
  • the engine 103 never directly powers the compressor 109 .
  • the alternator 105 generates a voltage at a frequency 111 that vary linearly with the angular velocity of the engine 103 .
  • the engine 103 speed 113 may be unregulated or regulated using an engine governor (not shown).
  • the system is designed to operate at a plurality of engine speeds 113 , the selection of which is determined by a controller to meet the required conditions of the refrigerated space.
  • the alternator 105 may output single phase or polyphase ac and is used to provide power to the compressor 109 drive motor 107 , and may power condenser fan motors, electrically powered evaporator fan motors, serpentine heater elements, evaporator coil heaters, and a host of electrical and electronic control devices such as a suction modulation valve solenoid, a display keyboard module, and the like (not shown).
  • the structure of the integrally mounted engine driven alternator 105 unit is small to allow it to be easily coupled directly to the drive shaft of an engine 103 .
  • a single rotatable drive shaft which is common to both the alternator 105 and engine 103 allows the alternator 105 and engine 103 to be configured to operate as a single unitary mounted unit.
  • the engine 103 may be coaxially coupled to the alternator 105 , or may be coupled using an intermediate power transmission device.
  • Various types of mechanical drive mechanisms including gear trains and other known mechanical drive devices may be used.
  • a bridge rectifier is an arrangement of diodes connected in a bridge circuit that provides the same polarity of output DC voltage for any polarity of input ac voltage.
  • the bridge rectifier provides full wave rectification from a single phase or polyphase ac input.
  • the rectified DC is output from the rectifier 115 onto a distribution bus 117 for distributing power to all DC fed loads.

Abstract

A series hybrid power supply system for a trailer box refrigeration system is disclosed. The trailer box refrigeration system may use either a DC or an ac motor to power the compressor. The power system alternator produces power to power refrigeration system loads.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates generally to the field of transport refrigeration systems. More specifically, the invention relates to transport refrigeration systems employing a series hybrid power supply outputting direct current (DC) to power either a DC or alternating current (ac) compressor motor.
  • Transport refrigeration systems such as those used on truck trailers, typically employ a mechanically coupled shaft driven compressor or an electric motor driven compressor. In the mechanical scheme, an engine such as a diesel is either directly or indirectly coupled to the refrigeration compressor. The engine may also drive the refrigeration condenser fans, evaporator fans, and other components through additional mechanical drives using pulleys, V-belts and the like.
  • For mechanical refrigeration systems, electric power is limited. Usually, the only available power is 12 VDC that is available from the refrigeration system engine battery. This low voltage may be used to supply power for lighting within a trailer box or for a lift gate mechanism.
  • In the electrical scheme, the engine is coupled to an alternator which provides single or polyphase ac power for all refrigeration loads. Refrigeration loads typically include a compressor motor, condenser fan motors, evaporator fan motors, electric defrosting heaters, and other electric loads.
  • What is desired is a system that provides DC to power DC and ac loads.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The inventors have discovered that for electrical transport refrigeration systems, a DC distribution for DC motors provides less expensive motor speed control than ac motors, a lower cost load distribution bus since the number of conductors is reduced as compared with polyphase ac systems as well as the number of contactor poles, and the inherent simplicity in understanding DC systems.
  • A series hybrid power supply system using a DC distribution bus is taught for a trailer box refrigeration system. The trailer box refrigeration system may use either a DC or an ac motor to power its associated compressor. The series hybrid alternator produces power which is full wave rectified for DC refrigeration system loads.
  • One aspect of the invention provides a series hybrid mobile refrigeration power supply system for an electric transport refrigeration system cooling a trailer box. Systems according to this aspect of the invention comprise an engine coupled to an alternator for providing an alternating current output, a rectifier bridge coupled to the output of the alternator for converting the alternating current to direct current, a distribution bus coupled to the rectifier bridge for distributing direct current to a plurality of mobile refrigeration system loads, and a direct current compressor motor electrically coupled to the distribution bus using a contactor as a switching device to energize the compressor motor when required by cooling demand.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a system for providing electric power for an electric transport refrigeration system used to cool a trailer box. Systems according to this aspect of the invention comprise an engine coupled to an alternator for providing an alternating current output, a rectifier bridge coupled to the output of the alternator for converting the alternating current to direct current, a distribution bus coupled to the rectifier bridge for distributing direct current to a plurality of loads, a compressor motor contactor coupled to the direct current bus, an inverter coupled to the compressor motor contactor for inverting the direct current to an alternating current supplied to the compressor motor when required by cooling demand.
  • The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram for a series hybrid AC alternator outputting dc to power a dc compressor motor for a trailer box refrigeration system.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram for a series hybrid AC alternator outputting dc to power an AC compressor motor for a trailer box refrigeration system.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing figures wherein like numbers represent like elements throughout. Further, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms “mounted,” “connected,” and “coupled” are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mounting, connecting, and coupling. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.
  • Shown in FIG. 1 is a first embodiment 101 of a series hybrid dc power distribution system for a mobile refrigeration unit. In a series hybrid configuration, a gasoline or diesel engine 103 turns a synchronous alternator 105 to generate power for an electric motor 107 that operates a compressor 109 for the mobile refrigeration system. The engine 103 never directly powers the compressor 109.
  • The alternator 105 generates a voltage at a frequency 111 that vary linearly with the angular velocity of the engine 103. The engine 103 speed 113 may be unregulated or regulated using an engine governor (not shown). In a preferred embodiment, the system is designed to operate at a plurality of engine speeds 113, the selection of which is determined by a controller to meet the required conditions of the refrigerated space.
  • The alternator 105 may output single phase or polyphase ac and is used to provide power to the compressor 109 drive motor 107, and may power condenser fan motors, electrically powered evaporator fan motors, serpentine heater elements, evaporator coil heaters, and a host of electrical and electronic control devices such as a suction modulation valve solenoid, a display keyboard module, and the like (not shown).
  • The structure of the integrally mounted engine driven alternator 105 unit is small to allow it to be easily coupled directly to the drive shaft of an engine 103. As a result, a single rotatable drive shaft which is common to both the alternator 105 and engine 103 allows the alternator 105 and engine 103 to be configured to operate as a single unitary mounted unit. The engine 103 may be coaxially coupled to the alternator 105, or may be coupled using an intermediate power transmission device. Various types of mechanical drive mechanisms including gear trains and other known mechanical drive devices may be used.
  • Coupled to the output of the alternator 105 is a bridge rectifier 115 for single phase alternator 103 outputs and/or a polyphase diode bridge 115 for polyphase alternator 103 outputs. A bridge rectifier (diode bridge) is an arrangement of diodes connected in a bridge circuit that provides the same polarity of output DC voltage for any polarity of input ac voltage. The bridge rectifier provides full wave rectification from a single phase or polyphase ac input.
  • The rectified DC is output from the rectifier 115 onto a distribution bus 117 for distributing power to all DC fed loads.

Claims (10)

1. A series hybrid mobile refrigeration power supply system comprising:
an engine coupled to an alternator, the alternator configured to provide an alternating current output;
a rectifier bridge coupled to the output of the alternator, the rectifier bridge configured to convert alternating current to direct current;
a distribution bus coupled to the rectifier bridge to distribute direct current to a plurality of mobile refrigeration system loads; and
a direct current compressor motor electrically coupled to the distribution bus using a contactor as a switching device, the contactor energizes the compressor motor when required by refrigeration cooling demand.
2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the engine is a gasoline engine.
3. The system according to claim 1 wherein the engine a diesel engine.
4. The system according to claim 1 wherein the alternator outputs single phase ac.
5. The system according to claim 1 wherein the alternator outputs polyphase ac.
6. An electric transport refrigeration system used to cool a trailer box comprising:
an engine coupled to an alternator, the alternator configured to provide an alternating current output;
a rectifier bridge coupled to the output of the alternator, the rectifier bridge configured to convert the alternating current to direct current;
a distribution bus coupled to the rectifier bridge to distribute direct current to a plurality of electric transport refrigeration system loads;
an inverter coupled to the direct current bus, the inverter configured to invert the direct current to alternating current; and
an alternating current compressor motor electrically coupled to the inverter using a contactor as a switching device, the contactor energizes the compressor motor when required by refrigeration cooling demand.
7. The system according to claim 6 wherein the engine is a gasoline engine.
8. The system according to claim 6 wherein the engine a diesel engine.
9. The system according to claim 6 wherein the alternator outputs single phase ac.
10. The system according to claim 6 wherein the alternator outputs polyphase ac.
US12/667,761 2007-07-06 2007-07-06 Transport Refrigeration Series Hybrid Power Supply Abandoned US20110000244A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/US2007/015673 WO2009008859A1 (en) 2007-07-06 2007-07-06 Transport refrigeration series hybrid power supply

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US20110000244A1 true US20110000244A1 (en) 2011-01-06

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EP (1) EP2174078A1 (en)
CN (1) CN101688709A (en)
BR (1) BRPI0721859A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009008859A1 (en)

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WO2013096083A1 (en) 2011-12-19 2013-06-27 Carrier Corporation Hydraulic transport refrigeration system
WO2013096084A1 (en) 2011-12-19 2013-06-27 Carrier Corporation Transport refrigeration system with regenerative elements
WO2013142227A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-26 Thermo King Corporation Improved power regulation system for a mobile environment-controlled unit and method of controlling the same
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WO2016038838A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-17 株式会社デンソー Refrigerating device and container refrigerating system
JP2016121832A (en) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-07 株式会社デンソー On-vehicle refrigeration device
US9464839B2 (en) 2011-04-04 2016-10-11 Carrier Corporation Semi-electric mobile refrigerated system
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US10429162B2 (en) 2013-12-02 2019-10-01 Austin Star Detonator Company Method and apparatus for wireless blasting with first and second firing messages
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US10875497B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2020-12-29 Thermo King Corporation Drive off protection system and method for preventing drive off
US10926610B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2021-02-23 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for controlling a mild hybrid system that powers a transport climate control system
US10985511B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-04-20 Thermo King Corporation Optimized power cord for transferring power to a transport climate control system
US11022451B2 (en) 2018-11-01 2021-06-01 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for generation and utilization of supplemental stored energy for use in transport climate control
US11034213B2 (en) 2018-09-29 2021-06-15 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for monitoring and displaying energy use and energy cost of a transport vehicle climate control system or a fleet of transport vehicle climate control systems
US11059352B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2021-07-13 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for augmenting a vehicle powered transport climate control system
US11072321B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2021-07-27 Thermo King Corporation Systems and methods for smart load shedding of a transport vehicle while in transit
US11135893B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2021-10-05 Carrier Corporation Transport refrigeration unit (TRU) direct current (DC) architecture
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US9975403B2 (en) * 2011-04-04 2018-05-22 Carrier Corporation Transport refrigeration system and method for operating
US9464839B2 (en) 2011-04-04 2016-10-11 Carrier Corporation Semi-electric mobile refrigerated system
WO2013096084A1 (en) 2011-12-19 2013-06-27 Carrier Corporation Transport refrigeration system with regenerative elements
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US20160348961A1 (en) * 2012-04-30 2016-12-01 Thermo King Corporation Transport refrigeration system controller to engine control unit interface
US9776473B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2017-10-03 Thermo King Corporation Electrical transport refrigeration system
US10377209B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2019-08-13 Thermo King Corporation Electrical transport refrigeration system
US10429162B2 (en) 2013-12-02 2019-10-01 Austin Star Detonator Company Method and apparatus for wireless blasting with first and second firing messages
US11009331B2 (en) 2013-12-02 2021-05-18 Austin Star Detonator Company Method and apparatus for wireless blasting
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