US20100115865A1

US20100115865A1 - Tile adaptor

Info

Publication number: US20100115865A1
Application number: US12/567,487
Authority: US
Inventors: Steve Donnelly; Guy Lemire; David Sauvageau; Sonia Veilleux
Original assignee: MAAX Bath Inc
Current assignee: MAAX Bath Inc
Priority date: 2008-09-26
Filing date: 2009-09-25
Publication date: 2010-05-13
Also published as: CA2680653A1

Abstract

The present invention relates a novel adaptor to position tiles or tile-like elements within or around a bathing apparatus, or both. The present invention further includes a method of using the tile adaptor for the installation of tiles. In a representative embodiment, the tile adaptor includes one or more flanges along at least one of its sides to allow the installation of tiles of a variety of thicknesses at a number of places. The adaptor is integrated in the final bathing apparatus. One or more adaptors may be positioned on the floor, wall and/or ceiling of the bathing apparatus, depending on the design of the bathing enclosure. Advantageously, the tile adaptor is easy to install and to use, and it may conveniently be manufactured from a lightweight material such as extruded plastic or a synthetic polymer.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present patent application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/100,506 which was filed on Sep. 26, 2008 and which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates a novel adaptor to position tiles or tile-like elements. More specifically, the invention concerns a novel adaptor for positioning tiles within and/or around bathing apparatus, such as bathtubs and showers, and includes a method for using this adaptor.
Pre-fabricated bathing apparatus, such as showers and bathtubs, are frequently manufactured in components that are to be assembled on site. For reasons of transportation, size and installation, this is often necessary. Ideally, once on site, the assembly process should be easy and fast to minimize costs.
Generally, a modern bathing apparatus comprises a base unit and wall units that must be attached to one another as well as to the structure of the building in which it is housed. This attachment must be done in a way that will prevent water leakage and that will not cause the building to deteriorate.
Tiles may be positioned within or outside the bathing apparatus, or both. Prior to the introduction of pre-fabricated bathing apparatus, tiles were routinely used in the construction of bath and shower units, and they have never fallen out of favor with consumers. Today, tiles may be chosen either as an alternative to pre-fabricated bathing units or to complete pre-fabricated units. There are a number of reasons for this. Some individuals prefer the feel of tile to the synthetic polymers that are used in pre-fabricated bathing apparatus. The infinite variety of tile styles and materials, both man-made and natural, allows for innovative design opportunities. Tiles will therefore continue to be an important element in the construction of showers and bathtubs for the foreseeable future.
Unfortunately, placing tiles within or around a bathing apparatus evenly can be a tricky endeavor. Skill is required to ensure that the tiles are properly aligned, especially when the bathing apparatus is not entirely level. Blocks of wood and other elements must sometimes be used to compensate for the lack of a perfectly flush surface, whether this is the case for the floor or wall of the bathing apparatus.
Devices or tools that can be of assistance for the installation of tile are not common. U.S. Pat. No. 5,832,619 (Volkema, Jr.) describes an adjustable installation tool in the shape of a frame for simultaneously aligning and installing multiple tiles. While helpful in many instances, the use of such a frame may not be possible in small enclosures or in certain areas of a bathtub or shower enclosure.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,536,802 (Tavy et al.) teaches a tile-spacing device for spacing tiles apart from one another during their installation. The device is characterized by having a window that extends through the base, through which engagement of at least one of the tiles with the edge of a spacer can be visually observed. Once again, a device of this type may not be suitable for installing tiles in certain types of bathing enclosures.
The Tile Redi corporation has developed a number of prefabricated shower modules that are useful for constructing tiled shower enclosures: see, for example, U.S. Patent Publications Nos. US2008/0222891A1, US2008/0222797A1, US2008/0222796A1, US2008/0222795A1, US2008/0222794A1 and US2008/0222793A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,777. While these modules are helpful for the installation of shower tile, they are also somewhat limiting as the tiles are necessarily installed within the confines of these modules.
There thus remains a need for a device and/or method to facilitate the positioning of tile or tile-like elements during the construction of a bathing apparatus, such as bathtub or shower. Ideally, such a device would allow a great variety of design options and be of assistance for the installation of floor, wall and ceiling tile in a bathing enclosure.
The present invention seeks to meet these and related needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a novel adaptor that facilitates the positioning of tiles or tile-like elements in and/or around a bathing apparatus, such as a bathtub or shower. The adaptor becomes an integral part of the final bathing apparatus and is designed to be used with pre-existing prefabricated bathing components, such as those found in modern day showers and bathtubs.
The adaptor is sturdy and watertight, as required for use in applications such as the assembly of pre-fabricated bathing components found in modern day shower and bathtub installations. In a representative embodiment, the adaptor is made of extruded plastic, but it may also be manufactured from other synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene tripolymer, acrylic, polyurethane, fiberglass with gel coat, cast polymer, stainless steel, painted steel or aluminum, amongst other materials that are known in the art of bathtub and shower manufacturing.
As will be described in further detail below, the tile adaptor of the present invention is characterized by having one or more flanges along at least one of its sides. This allows the installation of tiles at different levels, or tiles having a variety of thicknesses, in a way that is simpler and easier than has hitherto been possible. The flanges serve as a guide for the positioning of the tiles within or around the bathing apparatus, as will be described more particularly below.
The invention includes several embodiments for specific use on the floor, wall and/or ceiling of a bathing apparatus.
Advantageously, the adaptor is simple to install. When utilized in the assembly of a bathing apparatus, for example, the intervention of a plumbing professional is not necessarily required. In addition, the inclusion of one or more adaptors in an assembly does not interfere with the application of sealant between parts of the bathing apparatus.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first representative embodiment of a tile adaptor of the present invention that is suitable for the installation of wall tile;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second representative embodiment of a tile adaptor of the present invention that is suitable for the installation of wall tile;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a variation of the embodiment of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a slightly different variation of the tile adaptor shown in either FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a yet another variation of the embodiment of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a further alternative embodiment of the tile adaptor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 6 while in use;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a slight variation of the embodiment of the tile adaptor shown in FIGS. 6 and 7;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the wall tile adaptor shown in FIG. 6 used in conjunction with the floor tile adaptor shown in FIG. 13; illustrating the installation of tiles on one of the walls of a bathing apparatus as well as floor tiles inside and outside of the bathing apparatus;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the wall tile adaptor shown in FIG. 8 used in conjunction with the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 13, illustrating the installation of tiles on one of the walls of a bathing apparatus as well as floor tiles inside and outside of the bathing apparatus;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a representative embodiment of a floor tile adaptor of the present invention that is suitable for the installation of floor tile;

FIG. 12 is an alternative embodiment of the floor tile adaptor of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the floor tile adaptor shown in FIG. 12 shown in its entirety and while in use;

FIG. 14 is a cutaway view of the floor tile adaptor shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a right side perspective view of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 11 while in use to install both floor and wall tiles;

FIG. 16 is a left side perspective view of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of floor tile adaptor 50A shown in FIG. 13 used in conjunction with wall tile adaptor 10E shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of floor tile adaptor 50A shown in FIG. 13 used in conjunction with wall tile adaptor 10D shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a second alternative embodiment of floor tile adaptor 50 shown in FIG. 11, 50B, illustrating the installation of floor tiles both inside and outside of the bathing apparatus;

FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of floor tile adaptor 50B shown in FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a third alternative embodiment variation of floor tile adaptor 50 shown in FIG. 11, 50C, illustrating the installation of floor tiles both inside and outside of the bathing apparatus;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a variation of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 11, wherein the adaptor is attached to a tray element to create a bathing pan;

FIG. 23 is a cutaway assembled view of the tile adaptor shown in 22 taken along lines P-P′;

FIG. 24 is a left side perspective view of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 23, illustrating the actual installation of tiles;

FIG. 25 is right side perspective view of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a close-up alternative view of the tile adaptor shown in FIG. 24.

FIG. 27 is a front perspective view of a wall tile adaptor 10C shown in FIG. 4 in conjunction with floor tile adaptor 50B shown in FIG. 19 and further including a ceiling tile adaptor;

FIG. 28 is a left side perspective view of the tile adaptor combination shown in FIG. 27; and

FIG. 29 is a right side perspective view of the tile adaptor combination shown in FIG. 27.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the term “tile” or “tile-like element” means a generally flat and thin slab, frequently rectangular or square in shape, though not necessarily so (i.e., other geometrical shapes are used to make tiles, including hexagons, for example). Tiles may be made from any material and the present invention contemplates use of all of them. While tiles are very often made from ceramic and have a hard glaze finish, other materials are also used, including glass, marble, granite, slate, rubber and reformed ceramic slurry, which is cased in a mold and fired.
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a tile adaptor in accordance with the present invention that is suitable for installing wall tile. The adaptor is generally designated by the numeral 10. In this embodiment, the adaptor has a generally rectangular appearance, with its top and bottom ends thereof being of a shorter length than its sides. One or both of the sides of the adaptor 10 is comprised of one or a plurality of ridges or flanges 15 which serve to align tiles 2 in an even and predictable manner. As may be seen in FIG. 1, the adaptor is attached at the periphery of the bathing enclosure 100 between one of the enclosure's interior walls 30 and exterior wall 32 (here shown with baseboard 37) against a vertical wall support element 36. In most cases, the attachment will be made using permanent fixation means. In this case, the bathing apparatus is a bathtub 20 and includes a base 25 with a drain element 27.
FIG. 2 illustrates a variant 10A of the tile adaptor 10 shown in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the tile adaptor 10A is broader and includes a splash guard 16. The adaptor 10A further includes one or a plurality of ridges or flanges 15 which serve to align tiles both within and outside of the bathing enclosure 100.
FIG. 3 shows a variant 10B of the tile adaptor 10 represented in FIG. 1. Like the other tile adaptors, version 10B includes one or a plurality of ridges or flanges 15 which serve to align tiles within the interior and/or the exterior of the bathing enclosure 100. In this version, the tile adaptor is positioned within the bathing enclosure 100 in a permanent fashion. The front portion of the adaptor 10B may serve as a wall unit only, or it may be prefabricated with all the plumbing features needed to operate a shower. In the latter case, a shower control 22 (not shown in this figure) may be installed at or in the general vicinity of element 17. Similarly, a shower head 24 (not shown in this figure) may be placed at or near element 18. The tile adaptor 10B may optionally include a sconce 19 or analogous feature, such as a shelf, to store toiletries.
FIG. 4 shows a variation of the tile adaptor illustrated in FIG. 3. Once again, the tile adaptor 10C includes one or a plurality of ridges or flanges 15 which serve to align tiles within the interior and/or the exterior of the bathing enclosure 100. In this variation, the tile adaptor 10C includes an opening for a shower control 22 but not for a shower head 24. A sconce 19 is provided to place personal care items. As shown in this figure, the tile adaptor 10C guides the installation of tiles 2 on the wall 30. Vertical and horizontal construction elements 36 and 38 serve to support the wall 30 of the bathing enclosure 100.
FIG. 5 shows a tile adaptor 10D that is very similar to the tile adaptor 10C illustrated in FIG. 4. This version includes two additional features: an opening for a shower head 24, and means 42 to attach a shower curtain 46 via a pole 44, or other element suitable for suspending the curtain 46.
FIG. 6 illustrates a further alternative to the adaptor shown in FIG. 2. In this version, the tile adaptor 10E is characterized by having an extended sconce 19A that runs through nearly the entire length of the adaptor. The dimensions of the extended sconce 19A may be modified, or the extended sconce 19A may be replaced by a plurality of sconces 19 or their equivalent. The ridge(s) or flange(s) 15 that are characteristic of all embodiments of the tile adaptor 10 are visible from FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 shows the tile adaptor 10E in use. The ridges or flanges 15 of the tile adaptor 10E serve to align the tiles 2 on the wall 30. The wall 30 of the enclosure 100 is supported by one or more wall support elements 36, while the floor of the enclosure (not shown) is supported by one or more horizontal floor support elements 38.
FIG. 8 is a representation of a slight different variant of the tile adaptor shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. In this version, tile adaptor 10F includes means 42 to attach a shower curtain 46 via a pole 44, or other element suitable for suspending the curtain 46.
FIG. 9 illustrates wall tile adaptor 10E in use in combination with a floor tile adaptor 50, the features of which are described more particularly below. Like all variants of the wall tile adaptors, floor adaptor 50 includes one or a plurality of ridges or flanges 55 which serve to align tiles both within and outside of the bathing enclosure 100.
FIG. 10 shows a slightly different alternative to the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 9, wherein wall tile adaptor 10F is substituted for wall tile adaptor 10E. Tile adaptor 10F includes means 42 to attach a shower curtain 46 via a pole 44, or other element suitable for suspending the curtain 46.
FIG. 11 shows a first embodiment of a floor tile adaptor 50 in accordance with the present invention. This floor adaptor 50 resembles a rectangular prism with open ends 51 and with a cutaway section 52 destined to be positioned over the drain hole 27 of the bathing apparatus. The cutaway section 52 includes a water receptacle 64 that includes a drain 60. A water inlet 62 ensures that water from the bathing apparatus is channeled to the water receptacle 64 and thence to the drain 60.
As further shown in FIG. 11, the floor tile adaptor 50 is further characterized by having one or a plurality of ridges or flanges 55 which serve to align tiles. A distinction may be made between inward ridges or flanges 55, which align tiles within a bathing apparatus, and outward ridges or flanges 55′, shown in FIG. 12, which align tiles outside the bathing apparatus. The floor tile adaptor 50 may additional include end flanges 56 at its extremities 51 to assist in the position of wall tile within the bathing apparatus. The tile adaptor 50, which is fixed to the ground of the bathing apparatus, includes a detachable cover 58. As illustrated in this figure, the detachable cover 58 overlaps the entire length of the floor tile adaptor 50, but it may be shortened or otherwise configured to protect only the cutaway section 52.
FIG. 12 represents an alternative embodiment of the floor tile adaptor 50 shown in FIG. 11. In this embodiment 50A, there is no cutaway section, instead, water receptacle 64 takes up nearly the entire length of the floor tile adaptor 50. The floor tile adaptor further includes inner walls 68, 68′ which abut the water receptacle 64 either in a symmetrical or asymmetrical fashion, as shown here. The drain hole 61 is clearly visible in this drawing, as are the inward flanges 55, the outward flanges 55′ and the end flanges 56.
FIG. 13 is a more complete representation of the embodiment of the tile floor adaptor 50A shown in FIG. 12. The purpose of the invention is apparent from this drawing: tiles 2 and 2′ may be aligned both inside and outside, respectively, of the bathing apparatus, as well as on adjacent walls by relying on the use of inward and outward flanges 55 and 55′ and end flanges 56 and 56′. The tiles are positioned on construction elements 70 and 72 for a limitless design opportunities. As shown here, construction element 72 is a wedge with slope that is directed downwards in the direction of the drain. A grate element 65 completes the floor tile adaptor. While it is shown only partially in FIG. 13, in actual use it covers the entire length of the water receptacle, thereby providing an even surface upon which the bather may stand.
FIG. 14 is a cutaway view of the floor tile adaptor 50A shown in FIG. 13 taken along lines L-L′. The floor 150 upon which the bathing apparatus is installed is visible from this view, as are construction elements 70 and 72, the opening for drainage fittings 62, a portion of grate element 65, the inner walls 68, 68′ and portions of inside and outside tiles 2 and 2′, respectively.
FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are right and left hand perspective views showing the floor tile adaptor 50 in FIG. 11 in use. The adaptor may be used to install wall tile as well as floor tile in a bathing apparatus.
FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 illustrate how the various embodiments of the floor and wall tile adaptors may be combined to create custom bathing apparatus. The variants of the floor and wall tile adaptors have been designed to fit together in order to maximize the possibilities here. In FIG. 17, floor tile adaptor 50A (shown in FIG. 13) is used in conjunction with wall tile adaptor 10E (shown in FIG. 6). Similarly, in FIG. 18, floor tile adaptor 50A is used in conjunction with wall tile adaptor 10D (shown in FIG. 5).
FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 are perspective and enlarged views, respectively, of a second alternative embodiment of floor tile adaptor 50 shown in FIG. 11, 50B. This version of the floor tile adaptor is similar to floor tile adaptor 50 but includes a threshold element 59. A grate element 65A (not shown) may be positioned over the tile adaptor to complete it.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a third alternative embodiment variation of floor tile adaptor 50 shown in FIG. 11, 50C, designed for a corner type shower apparatus. This floor tile adaptor resembles floor tile adaptor 50B by having a threshold element 59A. A grate element 65B, shown only partially in FIG. 21, completes the tile adaptor.
FIG. 22 illustrates a variant of the floor tile adaptor 50 shown in FIG. 11. Here, a tray element 80 with boundary 86 is attached directly to floor tile adaptor 50 in order to complete a portion or the entire floor of the bathing apparatus. This provides an alternative to the installation of tiles wherein some of the tiles of the bathing apparatus are installed within the confines of the tray, as will be described further below. FIG. 23 is a cutaway assembled of the floor adaptor shown in FIG. 22 taken along lines P-P′.
FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 show how the tray element 80 is used to install tiles on the floor and wall of a bathing apparatus. Rather than applying tiles directly on the floor 150 of the bathing apparatus, the tiles are positioned on floor 85 of the tray element 80 using epoxy or urethane glue 90 or any other suitable compound for this purpose. FIGS. 24 and 25 are, respectively, left and right hand perspective views of this, while FIG. 26 affords a close up view of this set-up.
In an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26, tray elements 80 and 86 form a watertight unit that is used to install tiles on the floor and wall of a bathing apparatus. Rather than applying tiles directly on the floor 150 of the bathing apparatus, the tiles are positioned on floor 85 of the tray element 80 using epoxy or urethane glue 90 or any other suitable compound for this purpose. The cover 58 can be solid or include openings. Since the water to be drained enters via opening 62 on the floor pan side, it may be possible to block this drainage hole with a towel. If the cover 58 includes openings, the water can rise to eventually reach the top of the threshold. The holes at the top of the cover would then reroute the drainage water in the drain, preventing a flooding in the bathroom. FIGS. 24 and 25 are, respectively, left and right hand perspective views of this, while FIG. 26 affords a close up view of this set-up.
In another embodiment FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 show the tray elements built with materials that do not need necessarily to be covered with tile for final finish.
FIGS. 27, 28 and 29 show how floor and wall tile adaptors in accordance with the present invention may be further combined with a ceiling tile adaptor. As illustrated in these figures, a ceiling adaptor 110 comprising one or more shower heads 124 is installed over a wall tile adaptor 10C (shown in FIG. 4). Wall tile adaptor 10C, in turn, is positioned over floor tile adaptor 50B (shown in FIG. 19). The floor and wall elements are as previously described. In the vicinity of the ceiling adaptor, vertical and horizontal construction elements 136 and 138 lend support to this section of the bathing enclosure 100.
Ceiling adaptor 110 may include a variety of features to enhance the bathing experience, including a lighting fixture 126 or a musical portal (not shown). A shower door 200 may be further attached to ceiling adaptor 110 and the floor adaptor selected in order to complete the enclosure of the bathing apparatus. This shower door may be made from glass, polymer plastic or any other suitable material, as known in the art of shower and bathtub construction.
The various embodiments of the tile adaptor described above may be manufactured from a variety of different materials including, without limitation, extruded plastic, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene tripolymer, acrylic, polyurethane, fiberglass with gel coat, cast polymer, stainless steel, painted steel and aluminum, once again in keeping with teachings in the art.
While the present adaptor has been described in relation to its specific use to complete a bathing apparatus, it will be appreciated that with simple variations, the adaptor may be used in other applications requiring the positioning of tiles. For example, an adaptor featuring flanges along the lines of the adaptor of the present invention may be used to create a backsplash on a kitchen wall.
The above-described embodiments of the invention are intended to be examples only. Variations, alterations and modifications can be made to the particular embodiments described herein by those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An adaptor for installing tile comprising one or more flanges along at least one of said body's sides to guide the tiles in position.

2. An adaptor as defined in claim 1 for installing tile in a bath, shower or other bathing apparatus.

3. An adaptor as defined in claim 2, wherein said adaptor is positioned on the floor of said bathing apparatus for the installation of floor tiles.

4. An adaptor as defined in claim 2, wherein said adaptor is positioned on the wall of said bathing apparatus for the installation of wall tiles.

5. An adaptor as defined in claim 2, wherein said adaptor is positioned on the ceiling of said bathing apparatus for the installation of ceiling tiles.

6. An adaptor as defined in claim 2, wherein said adaptor is positioned on at least two of the following: the floor, wall and ceiling of the bathing apparatus.

7. An adaptor as defined in claim 2 further comprising a drain.

8. An adaptor according to claim 7 which has a grate or cover with openings over the drain.

9. An adaptor according to claim 7 which has a cover without openings to hide the drain and has at least one opening to direct the water from the shower floor to the drain.

10. An adaptor according to claim 9 wherein said cover can be removed for cleaning purposes without any tools.

11. An adaptor according to claim 1 which is a drainless shower floor pan.

12. An adaptor according to claim 11 which comprises sides to join a shower floor and shower walls to make a watertight enclosure.

13. An adaptor according to claim 12 which comprises sides to join a shower floor and shower walls to make a watertight enclosure.

14. A system comprising a first tile adaptor comprising one or more flanges along at least one of said body's sides to guide the tiles in position, that has a drain and a second tile adaptor comprising one or more flanges along at least one of said body's sides to guide the tiles in position, that does not have a drain, and wherein the adaptors are attached by mechanical means and then sealed with sealing means to create a watertight connection between said first and second tile adaptors.

15. An adaptor according to claim 2 that is suitable for installing floor and wall tiles and that further includes a drain at the entrance side of said bathing apparatus, wherein the drain includes a cover, with or without openings, to hide the drain and wherein the drain includes at least one opening to direct the water from the floor of the bathing apparatus to the drain.

16. An adaptor according to claim 2 for a shower apparatus, said adaptor comprising a shower floor, walls and a drain at the entrance side of said shower apparatus, wherein said shower floor includes a grate to cover a drain and at least one opening to direct water from the shower floor to the drain.

17. An adaptor according to claim 2 which includes a splash guard to prevent water from exiting the bathing apparatus.

18. An adaptor according to claim 2 having at least one receptacle for accessories or toiletries.

19. An adaptor according to claim 18 further comprising a pre-plumb shower control.

20. An adaptor according to claim 2 comprising a cavity for storing a shower curtain and a splash guard to prevent water from exiting the bathing apparatus.

21. A method of installing tile comprising use of an adaptor as defined in claim 2.

22. An adaptor according to claim 5 further comprising mechanical components, electrical components or both.