US20090295754A1 - Touch panel - Google Patents

Touch panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090295754A1
US20090295754A1 US12/132,244 US13224408A US2009295754A1 US 20090295754 A1 US20090295754 A1 US 20090295754A1 US 13224408 A US13224408 A US 13224408A US 2009295754 A1 US2009295754 A1 US 2009295754A1
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line
terminal
photo
inverting input
readout
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US12/132,244
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US8044943B2 (en
Inventor
Ying-Lieh Chen
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Himax Technologies Ltd
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Himax Technologies Ltd
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Assigned to HIMAX TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED reassignment HIMAX TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHEN, YING-LIEH
Priority to TW097136858A priority patent/TWI388898B/en
Priority to CN2008101661326A priority patent/CN101598993B/en
Publication of US20090295754A1 publication Critical patent/US20090295754A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means

Definitions

  • touch panel technologies which include resistive touch panels and capacitive touch panels.
  • resistive and capacitive touch panels are made by covering a sensor film on the display panel, and therefore the process is complicated and the costs are expensive.
  • multi-touch sensing is not easily accomplished by the conventional resistive or capacitive touch panels.
  • novel touch panel technologies are called for.
  • the invention provides touch panels comprising a bias line biased at a bias voltage, a select line, a readout line, a photo cell and a readout circuit.
  • the photo cell comprises a first photo TFT, a second photo TFT and a storage capacitor.
  • the first terminal and control terminal of the first photo TFT are coupled to the readout line and the select line, respectively.
  • the first terminal of the second photo TFT is coupled to the first terminal of the first photo TFT, and the second terminal and the control terminal of the second photo TFT are coupled to the bias line.
  • the storage capacitor is coupled between the second terminal of the first photo TFT and the bias line.
  • the readout circuit comprises an operational amplifier, a feedback capacitor, a first switch and a multiplexer.
  • the above mentioned touch panel is managed by at least three modes.
  • a reset mode the select line asserted to enable the first photo TFT, the first switch is turned on, and the multiplexer outputs the reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier.
  • an exposure mode the select line is unasserted and stops enabling the first photo TFT, the first switch is turned off, and the multiplexer outputs the bias voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier.
  • a readout mode the select line is asserted to enable the first photo TFT, the first switch is kept off, and the multiplexer outputs the reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. To determine whether the touch panel is touched at the photo cell, the voltage variation of the output terminal of the operational amplifier is measured at the end of the readout mode.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the touch panel of the invention.
  • the feedback capacitor C fb is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP). Additionally, the first switch SW 1 is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP).
  • the multiplexer Mux is controlled by a control signal C to selectively output a reference voltage V ref or the bias voltage V bias to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP).
  • the touch panel shown in FIG. 1 is operated in three modes.
  • a reset mode the select line (Select) is asserted to enable the first photo TFT M 1 , and the multiplexer Mux outputs the reference voltage V ref to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP).
  • the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) is fixed to the reference voltage V ref , and thus the storage capacitor C st receives the reference voltage V ref ., such that the voltage difference of the storage capacitor C st is (V ref ⁇ V bias ).
  • the first switch SW 1 is turned on to reset the feedback capacitor C fb , and, the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) is fixed to the reference voltage V ref .
  • the touch panel After the reset mode, the touch panel enters an exposure mode.
  • the select line (Select) is unasserted to turn off the first photo TFT M 1 , and the multiplexer Mux outputs the bias voltage V bias to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) s .
  • the condition of the first photo TFT M 1 is dependent on whether there is light emitted onto it.
  • the touch panel is not touched at the photo cell 102 , light beams into the first and second photo TFTs M 1 and M 2 and enables them.
  • the first and second photo TFTs M 1 and M 2 form a discharge path for the storage capacitor C st , and the voltage difference stored in the storage capacitor C st decreases toward the bias voltage V bias .
  • the touch panel When the touch panel is touched at the photo cell 102 , light is blocked from the first and second photo TFTs M 1 and M 2 and the first and second photo TFTs M 1 and M 2 are disabled. Thus, the voltage difference stored in the storage capacitor C st is kept at V ref ⁇ V bias . Further, in the exposure mode, the first switch SW 1 can be turned off to maintain the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) at the reference voltage V ref .
  • OP operational amplifier
  • Photo cells ( 102 ) may be interlaced into a conventional display panel with appropriately arranged select lines (Select), bias lines (Bias), readout lines (Readout), and corresponding readout circuit (comprising the operational amplifiers (OP), first switches (SW 1 ) and feedback capacitors (C fb ), to construct a touch panel).
  • select lines (Select) and the first switches (SW 1 ) and feedback capacitors (C fb ) By properly driving the select lines (Select) and the first switches (SW 1 ) and properly biasing the non-inverting input terminals of the operational amplifiers (OP), the touch panel can detect the state of every photo cell ( 102 ); thus, providing multi-touch sensing.
  • Each image pixel comprises a liquid crystal cell C 1c and a data switch 224 , and relates to one data line (Data 1 or Data 2 ).
  • the data switch 224 is turned on by the signal on the select line Select 1 , and so that the data on the data line Data 1 is passed into the liquid crystal cell C 1c via the data switch 224 .
  • the data switch 224 and the photo TFT M 1 and M 2 can be made by the same TFT manufacturing process.

Abstract

Touch panels comprising a bias line biased at a bias voltage, a select line, a readout line, a photo cell and a readout circuit. The photo cell comprises a first photo switch, a second photo switch and a storage capacitor. The first photo switch and the storage capacitor is coupled in series between the readout line and the bias line, and the first photo switch is further controlled by the select line. The second photo switch is connected between the readout line and the bias line. The readout circuit and the select line are managed by a reset mode, an exposure mode and a readout mode. The voltage variation of output terminal of the readout circuit is used in obtaining the state of the photo cell.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to touch panels.
  • 2. Description of the Related Art
  • There are a number of types of touch panel technologies, which include resistive touch panels and capacitive touch panels. However, resistive and capacitive touch panels are made by covering a sensor film on the display panel, and therefore the process is complicated and the costs are expensive. In addition, multi-touch sensing is not easily accomplished by the conventional resistive or capacitive touch panels. Thus, to decrease costs and provide multi-touch sensing, novel touch panel technologies are called for.
    • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention provides touch panels comprising a bias line biased at a bias voltage, a select line, a readout line, a photo cell and a readout circuit. The photo cell comprises a first photo TFT, a second photo TFT and a storage capacitor. The first terminal and control terminal of the first photo TFT are coupled to the readout line and the select line, respectively. The first terminal of the second photo TFT is coupled to the first terminal of the first photo TFT, and the second terminal and the control terminal of the second photo TFT are coupled to the bias line. The storage capacitor is coupled between the second terminal of the first photo TFT and the bias line. The readout circuit comprises an operational amplifier, a feedback capacitor, a first switch and a multiplexer. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is coupled to the readout line. The feedback capacitor is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier. The switch is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier. The multiplexer selectively outputs a reference voltage or a bias voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier.
  • The above mentioned touch panel is managed by at least three modes. In a reset mode, the select line asserted to enable the first photo TFT, the first switch is turned on, and the multiplexer outputs the reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. In an exposure mode, the select line is unasserted and stops enabling the first photo TFT, the first switch is turned off, and the multiplexer outputs the bias voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. In a readout mode, the select line is asserted to enable the first photo TFT, the first switch is kept off, and the multiplexer outputs the reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. To determine whether the touch panel is touched at the photo cell, the voltage variation of the output terminal of the operational amplifier is measured at the end of the readout mode.
  • In some other embodiments, the touch panel comprises a bias line, a select line, a readout line and a photo cell. The photo cell comprises a storage capacitorm a first photo switch and a second photo switch. The first photo switch is connected between the storage capacitor and the readout line, and is further controlled by the select line. The second photo switch is connected between the readout line and the bias line, and is further controlled by the bias line.
  • The above and other advantages will become more apparent with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The invention can be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention; and
  • FIG. 2A illustrates another embodiment of the touch panel of the invention;
  • FIG. 2B shows the actions of Select, SW1, SW2 and SW3 by waveforms; and
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the touch panel of the invention.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The following description shows some embodiments carrying out the invention. This description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the invention is best determined by reference to the appended claims.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a touch panel according to a first embodiment of the invention, which comprises a bias line (Bias) biased at a bias voltage Vbias, a select line (Select), a readout line (Readout), a photo cell 102 and a readout circuit 104. The readout circuit 104 comprises an operational amplifier (OP), a feedback capacitor Cfb, a first switch SW1 and a multiplexer Mux. The operational amplifier (OP) has an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal and an output terminal. Referring to FIG. 1, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) is coupled to the readout line (Readout). The feedback capacitor Cfb is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP). Additionally, the first switch SW1 is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP). The multiplexer Mux is controlled by a control signal C to selectively output a reference voltage Vref or the bias voltage Vbias to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP).
  • The photo cell 102 comprises a first photo TFT M1, a second photo TFT M2, and a storage capacitor Cst. The first photo TFT M1 has a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the readout line (Readout) and the control terminal is coupled to the select line (Select). The second photo TFT M2 has a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the readout line (Readout), and the second terminal and the control terminal are coupled to the bias line (Bias). The storage capacitor Cst is coupled between the second terminal of the first photo TFT M1 and the bias line (Bias).
  • The touch panel shown in FIG. 1 is operated in three modes. In a reset mode, the select line (Select) is asserted to enable the first photo TFT M1, and the multiplexer Mux outputs the reference voltage Vref to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP). Because of the virtual short of the inverting and non-inverting input terminals of the operational amplifier (OP), the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) is fixed to the reference voltage Vref, and thus the storage capacitor Cst receives the reference voltage Vref., such that the voltage difference of the storage capacitor Cst is (Vref−Vbias). Further, in the reset mode, the first switch SW1 is turned on to reset the feedback capacitor Cfb, and, the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) is fixed to the reference voltage Vref.
  • After the reset mode, the touch panel enters an exposure mode. The select line (Select) is unasserted to turn off the first photo TFT M1, and the multiplexer Mux outputs the bias voltage Vbias to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP)s. At this moment, the condition of the first photo TFT M1 is dependent on whether there is light emitted onto it. When the touch panel is not touched at the photo cell 102, light beams into the first and second photo TFTs M1 and M2 and enables them. Thus, the first and second photo TFTs M1 and M2 form a discharge path for the storage capacitor Cst, and the voltage difference stored in the storage capacitor Cst decreases toward the bias voltage Vbias. When the touch panel is touched at the photo cell 102, light is blocked from the first and second photo TFTs M1 and M2 and the first and second photo TFTs M1 and M2 are disabled. Thus, the voltage difference stored in the storage capacitor Cst is kept at Vref−Vbias. Further, in the exposure mode, the first switch SW1 can be turned off to maintain the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) at the reference voltage Vref.
  • After the exposure mode, the touch panel enters a readout mode. In the readout mode, the select line (Select) is asserted to enable the first photo TFT M1, the first switch SW1 is turned off, and the multiplexer Mux outputs the reference voltage Vref to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP). Because of the virtual short of the inverting and non-inverting input terminals of the operational amplifier (OP), the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) should follow the voltage level of the non-inverting input terminal (Vref). When the photo cell 102 is not touched in the exposure mode, the voltage difference of the storage capacitor Cst drops toward the bias voltage Vbias, and thus there are charges flow from the feedback capacitor Cfb to the storage capacitor Cst to cause the voltage level Vout of the output terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) drops away from the reference voltage Vref. In another case that the photo cell 102 is touched in the exposure mode, the voltage level of the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (OP) is at the reference voltage Vref since the storage capacitor Cst has not been discharged in the exposure mode. Thus, the voltage level Vout of the operational amplifier is kept at the reference voltage Vref. In conclusion, it is determined whether the photo cell 102 is touched by monitoring the variation of Vout. When the photo cell 102 is touched, Vout is kept at the reference voltage Vref. When the photo cell 102 is not touched, Vout drops off the reference voltage Vref.
  • FIG. 2A shows a touch panel according to a second embodiment of the invention, in which the multiplexer of FIG. 1 is implemented by switches SW2 and SW3. FIG. 2B shows the timing diagram of the operation of the touch panel. In the reset mode, the select line (Select) are asserted, the switch SW1 and the switch SW2 are turned on, and the switch SW3 is turned off. In the exposure mode, the select line (Select) is unasserted, the switch SW1 and the switch SW2 are turned off, and the switch SW3 is turned on. In the readout mode, the select line (Select) is asserted, the switch SW1 is turned off, the switch SW2 is turned on, and the switch SW3 is turned off.
  • In some embodiments, the first and second photo TFTs M1 and M2 may be replaced by other components, such as photo switches, that are turned on when receiving light. The photo switches may be further controlled by the voltages acts on their control terminals.
  • In some embodiments, any circuit that can detect the voltage variation of the storage capacitor Cst may replace the readout circuit 104. The circuit is reset in the reset mode, and accumulates charges from the storage capacitor Cst to determine whether the photo cell 102 is touched.
  • Photo cells (102) may be interlaced into a conventional display panel with appropriately arranged select lines (Select), bias lines (Bias), readout lines (Readout), and corresponding readout circuit (comprising the operational amplifiers (OP), first switches (SW1) and feedback capacitors (Cfb), to construct a touch panel). By properly driving the select lines (Select) and the first switches (SW1) and properly biasing the non-inverting input terminals of the operational amplifiers (OP), the touch panel can detect the state of every photo cell (102); thus, providing multi-touch sensing.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a touch panel according to a third embodiment of the invention. Photo cells of the invention (202˜208) are distributed over the touch panel. Photo cells 202 and 204 belong to the same row and share a select line (Select1). Photo cells 206 and 208 belong to the same row and share a select line (Select2). Photo cells 202 and 206 belong to the same column and share a readout line (Readout1) and a readout circuit 210 (comprising an operational amplifier OP1, a feedback capacitor Cfb1 and a multiplexer Mux1). Photo cells 204 and 208 belong to the same column and share a readout line (Readout2) and a readout circuit 212 (comprising an operational amplifier OP2, a feedback capacitor Cfb2 and multiplexer Mux2). The select lines (Select1, Select2 . . . ) sequentially enable the rows of photo cells and the state of the enabled photo cells can be monitored via Vout1˜Vout2. In this embodiment, image pixels 214, 216, 218 and 220 relate to photo cells 202, 204, 206 and 208, respectively, and they share select lines (Select1 or Select2). Each image pixel comprises a liquid crystal cell C1c and a data switch 224, and relates to one data line (Data1 or Data2). For example, in the image pixel 214, the data switch 224 is turned on by the signal on the select line Select1, and so that the data on the data line Data1 is passed into the liquid crystal cell C1c via the data switch 224. The data switch 224 and the photo TFT M1 and M2 can be made by the same TFT manufacturing process.
  • While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements (as would be apparent to those skilled in the art). Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded to the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.

Claims (9)

1. A touch panel, comprising:
a bias line, biased at a bias voltage;
a select line;
a readout line;
a photo cell, comprising:
a first photo TFT, having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the readout line and the control terminal is coupled to the select line;
a second photo TFT, having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the readout line, the second terminal and the control terminal are coupled to the bias line; and
a storage capacitor, coupling the second terminal of the first photo TFT to the bias line;
a readout circuit comprising:
an operational amplifier, having an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the inverting input terminal is coupled to the readout line;
a feedback capacitor, coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier; and
a first switch, coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier, and
a multiplexer for selectively outputting a reference voltage or the bias voltage to the non-inverting input terminal.
2. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein, in a reset mode, the select line is asserted, the first switch is turned on, and the multiplexer outputs the reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal.
3. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein, in an exposure mode, the select line is unasserted, the first switch is turned off, and the multiplexer outputs the bias voltage to the non-inverting input terminal.
4. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein, in a readout mode, the select line is asserted, the first switch is turned off, and the multiplexer outputs the reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and a voltage of the output terminal of the operational amplifier is used in determining whether the touch panel is touched at the photo cell.
5. A touch panel, comprising:
a bias line;
a select line;
a readout line; and
a photo cell, comprising:
a storage capacitor;
a first photo switch, connected between the storage capacitor and the readout line, and controlled by the select line; and
a second photo switch, connected between the readout line and the bias line.
6. The touch panel of claim 5, wherein in a reset mode, the storage capacitor receives a reference voltage via the first photo switch while the select line is asserted;
wherein in a exposure mode, the select line is unasserted;
wherein in a readout mode, a voltage of the storage capacitor is read out via the first photo switch while the select line is asserted, to determine whether the photo cell is touched.
7. The touch panel of claim 6, further comprising a readout circuit, which is reset in the reset mode, and accumulates charges from the storage capacitor to determine whether the photo cell is touched.
8. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein the readout circuit comprises:
an operational amplifier, having an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the inverting input terminal is coupled to the readout line;
a feedback capacitor, coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier; and
a first switch, coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier, and being turned on in the reset mode; and
a multiplexer for outputting a reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal in the reset mode and the readout mode, and outputting the bias voltage to the non-inverting input terminal in the exposure mode;
9. The touch panel of claim 5, further comprising an image pixel corresponding to a data line and having a liquid crystal cell and a data switch, wherein the data switch is connected between the data line and the liquid crystal cell and is controlled by the select line.
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US8044943B2 (en) 2011-10-25

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