US20090129955A1

US20090129955A1 - Linear Compressor and Drive Unit Therefor

Info

Publication number: US20090129955A1
Application number: US12/224,511
Authority: US
Inventors: Jan-Grigor Schubert
Original assignee: BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Current assignee: BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date: 2006-02-28
Filing date: 2007-01-09
Publication date: 2009-05-21
Also published as: EP1991777A1; DE102006009232A1; EP1991777B1; PL1991777T3; RU2429376C2; WO2007098970A1; CN101389861A; RU2008135043A

Abstract

A drive unit for a linear compressor having a frame and a body configured for reciprocating movement connected to the frame by at least one diaphragm spring and means for guiding the body to allow linear reciprocating movement with respect to the frame, the drive unit including a coil spring for action on the reciprocating body and the frame, the coil spring being configured for extension and compression in a direction of movement.

Description

The present invention relates to a linear compressor, in particular for use in compressing refrigerant in a refrigerating device, and a drive unit for driving an oscillating piston movement for such a linear compressor.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,032B2 discloses a linear compressor whose drive unit comprises a frame and an oscillating body mounted in the frame via a diaphragm spring. The oscillating body comprises a permanent magnet, a piston rod rigidly connected to the permanent magnet, and, connected by an articulated joint to the piston rod, a piston that can move with a reciprocating motion in a cylinder. The movement of the piston is driven by an electromagnet disposed all around the cylinder that interacts with the permanent magnet. A disc-shaped diaphragm spring is screwed onto the piston rod in the center, and the outer edge of the diaphragm spring is connected to a yoke that surrounds the cylinder, the electromagnet and the permanent magnet.
Compared with many other types of spring, the diaphragm spring has the advantage that it can only be deformed with difficulty at right angles to the oscillation direction. Hence the oscillating body can only move with one degree of freedom, unlike an oscillating body suspended from a coil spring, for example, which always has three degrees of freedom of translational motion, and requires a guide if the motion is to be restricted to a single degree of freedom. Such a guide is not required for an oscillating body supported on a diaphragm spring. Hence the movement of such an oscillating body can be converted with low friction losses into the movement of a piston in a compressor, which is necessarily guided along a strictly linear path.
The oscillating body and the diaphragm spring form an oscillatory system whose resonant frequency is determined by the mass of the oscillating body and of the diaphragm spring, and the stiffness of the diaphragm spring. The diaphragm spring permits only small oscillation amplitudes because each deflection of the oscillating body is associated with an extension of the diaphragm spring. The small oscillation amplitude means it is difficult to make the dead volume of the cylinder reliably small. The larger the dead volume, however, the lower the efficiency of the compressor. The short travel also compels the cylinder to be designed with a large diameter relative to the length in order to achieve a given capacity. It is costly to seal the correspondingly large piston circumference.
Another option for increasing the capacity is to make the diaphragm spring very stiff in order to increase the resonant frequency thereby. The stiffer the diaphragm spring, however, also means that there is a greater risk of the spring suffering fatigue for a given oscillation amplitude. This means that, in order to avoid fatigue, the amplitude must be made smaller the stiffer the spring, so that again a satisfactory increase in capacity cannot be achieved in this way.
The object of the present invention is to create a drive unit for a linear compressor having a frame and an oscillating body mounted in the frame via a diaphragm spring, in which the diaphragm spring allows large travel of the oscillating body without the risk of fatigue, so that a high capacity can be achieved for a small piston diameter.
The object is achieved in that a coil spring, in addition to the diaphragm spring, is attached to the oscillating body and the frame and can be extended and compressed in the direction of movement. It is thereby possible to split the functions of guiding the oscillating body and of temporary storage of its kinetic energy. The coil spring is only slightly suited to constraining the oscillating body along an exactly defined straight line, but it is not difficult to dimension it to sustain both a desired amplitude of movement and a desired frequency of movement of the oscillating body without the risk of material fatigue. The diaphragm spring must have only a small material thickness in order to achieve a desired large oscillation amplitude. Such a diaphragm spring would only permit a low resonant frequency of the oscillating body were it the sole mechanism having to perform the function of temporary energy storage. By connecting the two types of springs in parallel, however, all three requirements can be achieved simultaneously, namely the requirements for strict guidance of the oscillating body, a large amplitude and a high oscillating frequency.
Ideally, the springs should only exert forces but no turning moments on the oscillating body. For this purpose, the coil spring is preferably disposed around an imaginary straight line along which the center of gravity of the oscillating body can perform a reciprocating motion. The straight line preferably coincides with a longitudinal axis of the coil spring.
In order to prevent the diaphragm spring exerting a turning moment, or in order to minimize such a turning moment, the diaphragm spring preferably has an axis of symmetry that coincides with the straight line, or a plane of symmetry on which the straight line lies.
In order to transfer the force from the coil spring into the oscillating body without any turning moment, one end of the coil spring preferably acts on the circumference of a spring plate to whose center the oscillating body is attached.
In order to make the diaphragm spring slightly deformable in the direction of movement, it preferably has a plurality of bent arms, one end of each arm being fixed to the frame and another end to the oscillating body.
In order to improve the accuracy with which the oscillating body is guided along the straight line, at least two diaphragm springs are preferably provided, which act on areas of the oscillating body that are set apart in the direction of the oscillating movement.
The subject of the invention is also a linear compressor having a working chamber, a piston performing a reciprocating motion in the working chamber in order to compress a working fluid, and a drive unit as defined above, which is coupled to the piston to drive the reciprocating motion. In order to make such a linear compressor compact, it can be advantageous for the working chamber to be surrounded at least partially by the coil spring.

Further features and advantages of the invention follow from the description below of exemplary embodiments with reference to the enclosed figures, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a linear compressor according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows one of the two diaphragm springs of the linear compressor of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic section through part of the linear compressor along an imaginary straight line G;

FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the diaphragm spring of the linear compressor; and

FIG. 5 shows a further simplified embodiment of the diaphragm spring.

A frame 1 of the linear compressor comprises a base plate 2 from which extend protrusions 3, 4, 5 in the form of plates or ribs. Two diaphragm springs 6 of the type shown in FIG. 2 are screwed onto the narrow sides of the two facing protrusions 3. The diaphragm springs 6 each comprise edge sections 7, which rest against the end faces of the protrusions 3 and from whose ends extend Z-shaped or S-shaped spring arms 8. The ends of the spring arms 8 remote from the edge sections 7 meet each other in a center section 9 of the diaphragm spring 6 in which three holes 10, 11 are formed. An oscillating body 12 is fixed between the two diaphragm springs 6 using screws or rivets (not shown), which extend through the upper and lower holes 10 of the diaphragm springs 6. The hole 11 forms a passage for a piston rod 13, which extends between the oscillating body 12 and a compressor assembly 14 carried by the protrusion 5.
Two electromagnets 15 are arranged on either side of the permanently magnetic oscillating body 12 in a hollow space bounded by the protrusions 3 and the diaphragm springs 6, with current being able to flow through said electromagnets in order to generate between them opposite magnetic fields to each other, which deflect the oscillating body 12 out of its equilibrium position shown in FIG. 1 along a straight line G running through the center of gravity of the oscillating body 12 in the one or the other direction.
The straight line G runs axially through the piston rod 13 and the compressor assembly 14, and simultaneously forms the axis of symmetry of two spring plates 16, which are pressed by coil springs 17 against the outer faces of the two diaphragm springs 6. FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through part of the linear compressor along this straight line G. The spring plates 16 each have a ridge running around the edge of their concave side facing away from the diaphragm springs 6, which fixes in a radial direction a last turn of the coil spring 17 resting against the spring plates 16. The opposite ends of the coil springs 17 are each fixed by protrusions extending inside the springs. One is a flat protrusion 18 on the plate 4 of the frame 1; the other protrusion 19 is part of the compressor housing 14.
The coil springs 17 are each stretched between the spring plates 16 and the protrusions 18 or 19 that support them in such a way that at no reversal point of the movement of the oscillating body 12 is one of the coil springs 17 not under tension. The coil springs 17 hence constantly press the spring plates 16 against the diaphragm springs 6, even when the compressor is operating and the oscillating body 12 is oscillating. Hence there is no need for the spring plates 16 to be fixed to the diaphragm springs 6 that they touch in order to maintain constant contact between them. Since the force of the springs 17 acts on each of the spring plates 16 in a fairly evenly distributed manner over the entire area of the spring plates 16, a low turning moment does result that could cause tilting of the axes of the spring plates with respect to the straight line G. Even if such a turning moment were to occur, however, since there is no physically linked connection between the spring plates 16 and the diaphragm springs 6, this moment could not be transferred to the latter. Owing to the spring plates 16 being tapered towards the diaphragm springs 6, they transfer the force of the coil springs 17 into the diaphragm springs 6 very closely along the line G, so that even a turning moment acting on the diaphragm springs 6 resulting from an uneven force distribution remains small. Hence the diaphragm springs 6 and the oscillating body 12 supported by them is subjected by the coil springs 17 to forces aligned substantially only exactly in the direction of the straight line G but to negligible turning moments that could excite movement of the center of gravity of the oscillating body 12 outside the line G.
The high degree of symmetry of the two diaphragm springs 6 also contributes to their guiding the oscillating body 12 exactly along a line.
The section in FIG. 3 also shows the internal design of the compressor assembly 14. A piston 21 held by the piston rod 13 can perform reciprocating motion in an internal chamber 20 of the compressor assembly 14 in order to suck refrigerant into the chamber 20 via suction pipe 22, and output the compressed refrigerant again at a pressure pipe 23. An annular space 24 extending in a cup shape around the chamber 20 communicates with the pressure pipe 23. The edges of the piston 21 brush along the dividing wall 25 between the chamber 20 and the annular space 24, in which are formed a multiplicity of narrow passages 26 through which some of the compressed refrigerant can flow out of the annular space 24 back into the chamber 20. The returning refrigerant forms a gas cushion between the dividing wall 25 and the edges of the piston 21, this cushion preventing direct frictional contact between piston 21 and dividing wall 25 and hence keeping down wear of the compressor assembly 14. By virtue of the oscillating body 12 being guided exactly in a straight line, which is achieved by suspending by diaphragm springs and coil springs 6, 17, a low gas flow rate in the passages 26 is sufficient to create a gas cushion effective in protecting against friction.
In order to compensate for slight inaccuracies in the mutual alignment of the drive unit and the compressor assembly, which could otherwise also result in the piston 21 rubbing against the wall 25, two elastically deflectable weak points 27 are formed in the piston rod 13. A slight deflection of these weak points 27 makes it possible to compensate for a small offset between the straight line G along which the center of gravity of the oscillating body 12 moves and the central longitudinal axis of the chamber 20 or even to compensate for a slight non-parallelism between the two.
Simplified embodiments of the diaphragm spring are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The spring 6′ of FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to half a diaphragm spring from FIG. 3, having just two arms bent into an S-shape or a Z-shape, which extend from an edge section 7 to the center section 9. In the spring 6″ of FIG. 5, the bent arms are replaced by a straight arm 8″. Although strictly speaking its free end does not move exactly along a straight line but along an arc, this deviation is negligible if the amplitude of the oscillating body is limited so that the sideways component of the movement of the oscillating body is smaller than the lateral play of the piston.

Claims

1-11. (canceled)

12. A drive unit for a linear compressor having a frame and a body configured for reciprocating movement connected to the frame by at least one diaphragm spring and means for guiding the body to allow linear reciprocating movement with respect to the frame, the drive unit comprising a coil spring for action on the reciprocating body and the frame, the coil spring being configured for extension and compression in a direction of movement.

13. The drive unit according to claim 12 wherein the coil spring is configured to extend around a straight line along which the center of gravity of the reciprocating body can move in reciprocating manner.

14. The drive unit according to claim 13 wherein the straight line is coincident with a longitudinal axis of the coil spring.

15. The drive unit according to claim 13 wherein the straight line is at least a part of an axis of symmetry of the diaphragm spring.

16. The drive unit according to claim 12 and further comprising a spring plate wherein one end of the coil spring acts on the circumference thereof, and wherein a center of the spring plate presses against the reciprocating body.

17. The drive unit according to claim 12 wherein the diaphragm spring comprises a plurality of bent arms wherein one end of each arm is fixed to the frame and another end of each arm is fixed to the reciprocating body.

18. The drive unit according to claim 17 wherein each arm includes two sections bent in different directions.

19. The drive unit according to claim 12 and further comprising at least a second diaphragm spring, wherein the first and the second diaphragm springs act on areas of the reciprocating body that are set apart in the direction of the reciprocating movement.

20. A linear compressor having a working chamber, a piston configured for reciprocating movement in the working chamber in order to compress a working fluid, and a drive unit having a frame and a reciprocating body connected to the frame by at least one diaphragm spring; and means for guiding the reciprocating body in a linear reciprocating movement with respect to the frame, the drive unit comprising a coil spring for action on the reciprocating body and the frame, the coil spring being configured for extension and compression in the direction of movement, wherein the drive unit is coupled to the piston to drive the reciprocating movement.

21. The linear compressor according to claim 20 and further comprising a piston rod extending between the piston and the reciprocating body along a straight line.

22. The linear compressor according to claim 20 wherein the working chamber is at least partially surrounded by the coil spring.