US20090093880A1 - Apparatus and methos for reconstructing a ligament - Google Patents
Apparatus and methos for reconstructing a ligament Download PDFInfo
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- US20090093880A1 US20090093880A1 US12/334,047 US33404708A US2009093880A1 US 20090093880 A1 US20090093880 A1 US 20090093880A1 US 33404708 A US33404708 A US 33404708A US 2009093880 A1 US2009093880 A1 US 2009093880A1
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- flexible member
- cannulated
- bone tunnel
- inserter
- passing pin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0805—Implements for inserting tendons or ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1735—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires for rasps or chisels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8875—Screwdrivers, spanners or wrenches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1714—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires for applying tendons or ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0847—Mode of fixation of anchor to tendon or ligament
- A61F2002/0852—Fixation of a loop or U-turn, e.g. eyelets, anchor having multiple holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0876—Position of anchor in respect to the bone
- A61F2002/0882—Anchor in or on top of a bone tunnel, i.e. a hole running through the entire bone
Definitions
- This invention relates to medical devices and procedures in general, and more particularly to medical devices and procedures for reconstructing a ligament.
- a ligament is a piece of fibrous tissue which connects one bone to another.
- Ligaments are frequently damaged (e.g., detached or torn or ruptured, etc.) as the result of injury and/or accident.
- a damaged ligament can impede proper motion of a joint and cause significant pain.
- ACL anterior cruciate ligament
- ACL replacement procedures involve drilling a bone tunnel 20 through tibia 10 and up into femur 15 .
- a graft ligament 25 consisting of a harvested or artificial ligament or tendon(s) is passed through the tibial portion 30 of tunnel 20 (sometimes referred to as “the tibial tunnel”), across the interior of the joint, and up into the femoral portion 35 of tunnel 20 (sometimes referred to as “the femoral tunnel”).
- a distal portion of graft ligament 25 is secured in femoral tunnel 35
- a proximal portion of graft ligament 25 is secured in tibial tunnel 30 .
- graft ligament 25 may be positioned in tunnel 20 and secured in position.
- none of the prior art apparatus and methods has proven to be entirely satisfactory, for a variety of reasons.
- one object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatus for reconstructing a ligament.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for reconstructing a ligament.
- the invention comprises a method for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, the method comprising the steps of: (1) forming a first bone tunnel in a bone, the first bone tunnel having a first opening at one end thereof, and forming a second bone tunnel in the same bone, the second bone tunnel being transverse to, and intersecting, the first bone tunnel, the second bone tunnel having first and second portions extending from the first bone tunnel, the first portion of the second bone tunnel having a second opening at one end thereof, and the second portion of the second bone tunnel having a third opening at one end thereof; (2) positioning a closed loop of a flexible member within the first bone tunnel and the first portion of the second bone tunnel such that a first portion of the closed loop extends out of the first opening and a second portion of the closed loop extends out of the second opening, parting the closed loop outside the second opening so as to create a first free end and a second free end, and passing the second free end through the second bone tunnel so that the second free end extends out of
- the invention comprises a system for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, the system comprising a flexible member for positioning the graft ligament in the bone tunnel, the flexible member comprising a closed loop; an inserter for positioning a first portion of the closed loop in the bone tunnel; and a passing pin for withdrawing the first portion of the closed loop from the inserter positioned in the bone tunnel and pulling that portion of the closed loop through a portion of a second bone tunnel which intersects, and extends traverse to, the first-mentioned bone tunnel.
- the invention comprises a system for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, the system comprising a flexible member extending through a second bone tunnel which intersects, and extends traverse to, the bone tunnel, the second bone tunnel having a first opening and a second opening, the flexible member having a first free end extending out of the first opening and a second free end extending out of the second opening, and wherein the graft ligament is looped over the flexible member; a cannulated crosspin mounted on the flexible member external to the first opening; a cannulated driver mounted on the flexible member outboard of the cannulated crosspin; and a cannulated bead mounted on the flexible member outboard of the cannulated driver, the cannulated bead having a larger outside diameter than the inside lumen of the cannulated driver; whereby, when tension is applied to the second end of the flexible member, the cannulated driver may be used to pass the cannulated crosspin beneath the graf
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a knee joint, showing an ACL extending between the top of the tibia and the bottom of the femur;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the same knee joint, except showing portions of an ACL reconstruction
- FIGS. 3 , 5 , 6 and 8 - 21 are schematic front views of a knee joint, illustrating a novel procedure for positioning a graft ligament in a bone tunnel and securing it in position;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a passing pin used in a preferred form of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an inserter used in a preferred form of the invention.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic side view of another form of passing pin used in a preferred form of the invention.
- the present invention comprises a novel apparatus and method for reconstructing a ligament.
- the bone tunnel 20 is first formed by drilling through tibia 10 and up into femur 15 , whereby to form tibial tunnel 30 and femoral tunnel 35 . This is done with conventional ACL drilling apparatus of the sort well known in the art.
- a transverse bone tunnel is formed in femur 15 so that the transverse bone tunnel intersects femoral tunnel 35 .
- This is preferably done using a passing pin 40 such as that shown in FIG. 4 .
- Passing pin 40 is drilled transversely across femoral bone tunnel 35 ( FIG. 5 ) so as to produce the transverse bone tunnel 45 .
- Bone tunnel 20 effectively bifurcates transverse bone tunnel 45 into two tunnel portions, a first transverse bone tunnel portion 50 and a second transverse bone tunnel portion 55 .
- passing pin 40 is retracted within transverse bone tunnel 45 so that the leading tip 60 of passing pin 40 is located in first transverse bone tunnel portion 50 ( FIG. 6 ).
- a flexible member is passed up bone tunnel 20 .
- This is preferably done using an inserter 65 such as that shown in FIG. 7 .
- the flexible member 70 ( FIG. 8 ) is initially in the form of a closed loop. This closed loop is slipped into a pair of diametrically-opposed grooves 75 ( FIG. 7 ) located at the distal end of inserter 65 .
- a segment 80 ( FIG. 8 ) of flexible member 70 is suspended across a diametrically-extending channel 85 ( FIGS. 7 and 8 ) formed in the distal end of inserter 65 .
- inserter 65 is passed up tibial tunnel 30 , across the interior of the knee joint, and then up femoral tunnel 35 ( FIG. 9 ). Inserter 65 is pushed far enough up femoral tunnel 35 so that the aforementioned segment 80 of flexible member 70 is positioned on the distal side of transverse bone tunnel 45 , with channel 85 of inserter 65 being aligned with transverse bone tunnel 45 .
- passing pin 40 is advanced in transverse bone tunnel 45 so that the passing pin passes through channel 85 in inserter 65 and beneath segment 80 of flexible member 70 ( FIG. 10 ).
- Passing pin 40 is advanced far enough so that its notch 90 ( FIG. 4 ) is on the distal side of inserter 65 ( FIG. 10 ).
- inserter 65 is retracted proximally so that segment 80 of flexible member 70 is brought into engagement with, and is supported by, the top of passing pin 40 ( FIG. 11 ).
- Inserter 65 is preferably fully withdrawn from bone tunnel 20 at this point ( FIG. 12 ).
- passing pin 40 is retracted until flexible member 70 slips into, and is captured by, notch 90 of passing pin 40 ( FIG. 13 ). Then passing pin 40 is retracted further out of transverse bone tunnel 45 , until its notch 90 (and hence flexible member 70 ) is free of transverse bone tunnel 45 ( FIG. 14 ).
- the closed loop of flexible member 70 extends into first transverse bone tunnel portion 50 , down femoral tunnel 35 , across the interior of the knee joint, down tibial tunnel 30 , and out the front of tibia 10 .
- the closed loop of flexible member 70 is withdrawn from notch 90 of passing pin 40 , and then flexible member 70 is cut ( FIG. 15 ). Then, one free end 95 of flexible member 70 is attached to passing pin 40 ( FIG. 16 ) by passing that free end 95 through one or more holes 100 ( FIG. 4 ) formed in the proximal end of passing pin 40 . The other free end 105 ( FIG. 16 ) of flexible member 70 is left hanging outside the joint.
- passing pin 40 is passed completely through femur 15 ( FIG. 17 ), carrying the free end 95 of flexible member 70 with it. Free end 95 of flexible member 95 is then dismounted from passing pin 40 ( FIG. 18 ).
- flexible member 70 extends into first transverse bone tunnel portion 50 , down femoral tunnel 35 , across the interior of the knee joint, down tibial tunnel 30 , forms a loop 110 outside the front of tibia 10 , extends back up tibial tunnel 30 , across the interior of the knee joint, back up femoral tunnel 35 , and then out second transverse bone tunnel portion 55 .
- the graft ligament 25 is looped through loop 110 of flexible member 70 .
- First and second ends 95 , 105 of flexible member 70 are then pulled outboard, away from femur 15 , in the manner shown in FIG. 19 , whereby to pull loop 110 of flexible member 70 , and hence graft ligament 25 , up tibial tunnel 30 , across the interior of the knee joint, and up femoral tunnel 35 so as to achieve the position shown in FIG. 20 .
- flexible member 70 is then used as a guide to pass a cannulated crosspin 115 through transverse bone tunnel 45 and, in the process, beneath looped graft ligament 25 , whereby to support graft ligament 25 within bone tunnel 20 .
- a cannulated driver 120 may be used to set cannulated crosspin 115 in transverse bone tunnel 45 . It will be appreciated that flexible member 70 should be held under tension while cannulated crosspin 115 is deployed in femur 15 so as to provide proper guidance for cannulated crosspin 115 . This can be achieved by simultaneously pulling on the two free ends, 95 and 105 , of flexible member 70 and then turning cannulated driver 120 .
- a cannulated bead 125 may be set on flexible member 70 , adjacent free end 105 , and then a knot 130 formed in the flexible member proximal to the cannulated bend. This construction allows a surgeon to maintain tension on flexible member 70 by pulling, with one hand, on the free end 95 while using the other hand to turn cannulated driver 120 .
- cannulated crosspin 115 Once cannulated crosspin 115 has been deployed in femur 115 , flexible member 70 may be removed from transverse bone tunnel 45 , e.g., by pulling proximally on bead 125 .
- graft ligament 25 may thereafter be secured to tibia 10 in ways well known in the art so as to complete the ligament repair procedure.
- notch 90 ( FIG. 4 ) of passing pin 40 may have various configurations consistent with the present invention.
- notch 90 is shown as having a substantially T-shaped configuration.
- other configurations may also be used.
- notch 90 may have a substantially straight configuration. Still other configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure.
Abstract
Apparatus and method is disclosed for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel. A method is disclosed comprising the steps of forming a first bone tunnel and a second bone tunnel being transverse to, and intersecting one another; positioning a closed loop of a flexible member within the first bone tunnel and a portion of the second bone tunnel such that the closed loop extends out of the first bone tunnel and the second bone tunnel, parting the closed loop outside the second bone tunnel so as to create a first free end and a second free end, and passing the second free end through the opposite end of a second free end through the opposite end of second bone tunnel, and positioning the graft ligament over a portion of the flexible member extending out of the first opening; and pulling the flexible member so as to draw the graft ligament into the first bone tunnel.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/964,590, filed on Oct. 13, 2004 and entitled “APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTING A LIGAMENT,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/792,168 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,808,528), filed Feb. 22, 2001 and entitled “APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTING A LIGAMENT,” which is a continuation of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/184,292, filed on Feb. 23, 2000 and entitled “METHOD OF DELIVERING AN ACL GRAFT,” each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- This invention relates to medical devices and procedures in general, and more particularly to medical devices and procedures for reconstructing a ligament.
- A ligament is a piece of fibrous tissue which connects one bone to another.
- Ligaments are frequently damaged (e.g., detached or torn or ruptured, etc.) as the result of injury and/or accident. A damaged ligament can impede proper motion of a joint and cause significant pain.
- Various procedures have been developed to repair or replace a damaged ligament. The specific procedures used depend on the particular ligament which is to be restored and on the extent of the damage.
- One ligament which is frequently damaged as the result of injury and/or accident is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Looking now at
FIG. 1 , the ACL 5 extends between the top of thetibia 10 and the bottom of thefemur 15. A damaged ACL can cause instability of the knee joint and cause substantial pain and arthritis. - Numerous procedures have been developed to restore the ACL through a graft ligament replacement. In general, and looking now at
FIG. 2 , these ACL replacement procedures involve drilling abone tunnel 20 throughtibia 10 and up intofemur 15. Then agraft ligament 25, consisting of a harvested or artificial ligament or tendon(s), is passed through thetibial portion 30 of tunnel 20 (sometimes referred to as “the tibial tunnel”), across the interior of the joint, and up into thefemoral portion 35 of tunnel 20 (sometimes referred to as “the femoral tunnel”). Then a distal portion ofgraft ligament 25 is secured infemoral tunnel 35, and a proximal portion ofgraft ligament 25 is secured intibial tunnel 30. - There are numerous ways in which
graft ligament 25 may be positioned intunnel 20 and secured in position. However, none of the prior art apparatus and methods has proven to be entirely satisfactory, for a variety of reasons. - As a result, one object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatus for reconstructing a ligament.
- And another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for reconstructing a ligament.
- These and other objects of the present invention are addressed by a novel apparatus and method for reconstructing a ligament.
- In one preferred form of the invention, the invention comprises a method for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, the method comprising the steps of: (1) forming a first bone tunnel in a bone, the first bone tunnel having a first opening at one end thereof, and forming a second bone tunnel in the same bone, the second bone tunnel being transverse to, and intersecting, the first bone tunnel, the second bone tunnel having first and second portions extending from the first bone tunnel, the first portion of the second bone tunnel having a second opening at one end thereof, and the second portion of the second bone tunnel having a third opening at one end thereof; (2) positioning a closed loop of a flexible member within the first bone tunnel and the first portion of the second bone tunnel such that a first portion of the closed loop extends out of the first opening and a second portion of the closed loop extends out of the second opening, parting the closed loop outside the second opening so as to create a first free end and a second free end, and passing the second free end through the second bone tunnel so that the second free end extends out of the third opening, and positioning the graft ligament over a portion of the flexible member extending out of the first opening; and (3) pulling the first and second free ends of the flexible member so as to draw the graft ligament into the first bone tunnel.
- In another form of the invention, the invention comprises a system for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, the system comprising a flexible member for positioning the graft ligament in the bone tunnel, the flexible member comprising a closed loop; an inserter for positioning a first portion of the closed loop in the bone tunnel; and a passing pin for withdrawing the first portion of the closed loop from the inserter positioned in the bone tunnel and pulling that portion of the closed loop through a portion of a second bone tunnel which intersects, and extends traverse to, the first-mentioned bone tunnel.
- An in another form of the invention, the invention comprises a system for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, the system comprising a flexible member extending through a second bone tunnel which intersects, and extends traverse to, the bone tunnel, the second bone tunnel having a first opening and a second opening, the flexible member having a first free end extending out of the first opening and a second free end extending out of the second opening, and wherein the graft ligament is looped over the flexible member; a cannulated crosspin mounted on the flexible member external to the first opening; a cannulated driver mounted on the flexible member outboard of the cannulated crosspin; and a cannulated bead mounted on the flexible member outboard of the cannulated driver, the cannulated bead having a larger outside diameter than the inside lumen of the cannulated driver; whereby, when tension is applied to the second end of the flexible member, the cannulated driver may be used to pass the cannulated crosspin beneath the graft ligament.
- These and other objects and features of the present invention will be more fully disclosed or rendered obvious by the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which is to be considered together with the accompanying drawings wherein like numbers refer to like parts, and further wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a knee joint, showing an ACL extending between the top of the tibia and the bottom of the femur; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the same knee joint, except showing portions of an ACL reconstruction; -
FIGS. 3 , 5, 6 and 8-21 are schematic front views of a knee joint, illustrating a novel procedure for positioning a graft ligament in a bone tunnel and securing it in position; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a passing pin used in a preferred form of the invention; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an inserter used in a preferred form of the invention; and -
FIG. 22 is a schematic side view of another form of passing pin used in a preferred form of the invention. - The present invention comprises a novel apparatus and method for reconstructing a ligament.
- More particularly, and looking now at
FIG. 3 , thebone tunnel 20 is first formed by drilling throughtibia 10 and up intofemur 15, whereby to formtibial tunnel 30 andfemoral tunnel 35. This is done with conventional ACL drilling apparatus of the sort well known in the art. - Next, a transverse bone tunnel is formed in
femur 15 so that the transverse bone tunnel intersectsfemoral tunnel 35. This is preferably done using apassing pin 40 such as that shown inFIG. 4 . Passingpin 40 is drilled transversely across femoral bone tunnel 35 (FIG. 5 ) so as to produce thetransverse bone tunnel 45.Bone tunnel 20 effectively bifurcatestransverse bone tunnel 45 into two tunnel portions, a first transversebone tunnel portion 50 and a second transversebone tunnel portion 55. Aftertransverse bone tunnel 45 has been formed, passingpin 40 is retracted withintransverse bone tunnel 45 so that the leadingtip 60 ofpassing pin 40 is located in first transverse bone tunnel portion 50 (FIG. 6 ). - Once
transverse bone tunnel 45 has been formed and passingpin 40 has been backed off so that its leadingtip 60 is in first transversebone tunnel portion 50, a flexible member is passed upbone tunnel 20. This is preferably done using aninserter 65 such as that shown inFIG. 7 . More particularly, the flexible member 70 (FIG. 8 ) is initially in the form of a closed loop. This closed loop is slipped into a pair of diametrically-opposed grooves 75 (FIG. 7 ) located at the distal end ofinserter 65. As a result, a segment 80 (FIG. 8 ) offlexible member 70 is suspended across a diametrically-extending channel 85 (FIGS. 7 and 8 ) formed in the distal end ofinserter 65. Then the distal end ofinserter 65 is passed uptibial tunnel 30, across the interior of the knee joint, and then up femoral tunnel 35 (FIG. 9 ). Inserter 65 is pushed far enough upfemoral tunnel 35 so that theaforementioned segment 80 offlexible member 70 is positioned on the distal side oftransverse bone tunnel 45, withchannel 85 ofinserter 65 being aligned withtransverse bone tunnel 45. - Next, passing
pin 40 is advanced intransverse bone tunnel 45 so that the passing pin passes throughchannel 85 ininserter 65 and beneathsegment 80 of flexible member 70 (FIG. 10 ). Passingpin 40 is advanced far enough so that its notch 90 (FIG. 4 ) is on the distal side of inserter 65 (FIG. 10 ). Theninserter 65 is retracted proximally so thatsegment 80 offlexible member 70 is brought into engagement with, and is supported by, the top of passing pin 40 (FIG. 11 ). Inserter 65 is preferably fully withdrawn frombone tunnel 20 at this point (FIG. 12 ). - Next, as slight downward pressure is applied to
flexible member 70, passingpin 40 is retracted untilflexible member 70 slips into, and is captured by,notch 90 of passing pin 40 (FIG. 13 ). Then passingpin 40 is retracted further out oftransverse bone tunnel 45, until its notch 90 (and hence flexible member 70) is free of transverse bone tunnel 45 (FIG. 14 ). - At this point, the closed loop of
flexible member 70 extends into first transversebone tunnel portion 50, downfemoral tunnel 35, across the interior of the knee joint, downtibial tunnel 30, and out the front oftibia 10. - Next, the closed loop of
flexible member 70 is withdrawn fromnotch 90 of passingpin 40, and thenflexible member 70 is cut (FIG. 15 ). Then, onefree end 95 offlexible member 70 is attached to passing pin 40 (FIG. 16 ) by passing thatfree end 95 through one or more holes 100 (FIG. 4 ) formed in the proximal end of passingpin 40. The other free end 105 (FIG. 16 ) offlexible member 70 is left hanging outside the joint. - Next, passing
pin 40 is passed completely through femur 15 (FIG. 17 ), carrying thefree end 95 offlexible member 70 with it.Free end 95 offlexible member 95 is then dismounted from passing pin 40 (FIG. 18 ). - At this point
flexible member 70 extends into first transversebone tunnel portion 50, downfemoral tunnel 35, across the interior of the knee joint, downtibial tunnel 30, forms aloop 110 outside the front oftibia 10, extends back uptibial tunnel 30, across the interior of the knee joint, back upfemoral tunnel 35, and then out second transversebone tunnel portion 55. - Next, and looking now at
FIG. 19 , thegraft ligament 25 is looped throughloop 110 offlexible member 70. First and second ends 95, 105 offlexible member 70 are then pulled outboard, away fromfemur 15, in the manner shown inFIG. 19 , whereby to pullloop 110 offlexible member 70, and hence graftligament 25, uptibial tunnel 30, across the interior of the knee joint, and upfemoral tunnel 35 so as to achieve the position shown inFIG. 20 . - Looking next at
FIG. 21 ,flexible member 70 is then used as a guide to pass a cannulatedcrosspin 115 throughtransverse bone tunnel 45 and, in the process, beneath loopedgraft ligament 25, whereby to supportgraft ligament 25 withinbone tunnel 20. A cannulateddriver 120 may be used to set cannulatedcrosspin 115 intransverse bone tunnel 45. It will be appreciated thatflexible member 70 should be held under tension while cannulatedcrosspin 115 is deployed infemur 15 so as to provide proper guidance for cannulatedcrosspin 115. This can be achieved by simultaneously pulling on the two free ends, 95 and 105, offlexible member 70 and then turning cannulateddriver 120. However, it will be appreciated that this technique requires three hands: one for pulling onfree end 95, one for pulling onfree end 105, and one for turning cannulateddriver 120. In some instances, it may be desirable to use only two hands. To this end, in one preferred form of the invention, a cannulatedbead 125 may be set onflexible member 70, adjacentfree end 105, and then aknot 130 formed in the flexible member proximal to the cannulated bend. This construction allows a surgeon to maintain tension onflexible member 70 by pulling, with one hand, on thefree end 95 while using the other hand to turn cannulateddriver 120. Once cannulatedcrosspin 115 has been deployed infemur 115,flexible member 70 may be removed fromtransverse bone tunnel 45, e.g., by pulling proximally onbead 125. - The proximal ends of
graft ligament 25 may thereafter be secured totibia 10 in ways well known in the art so as to complete the ligament repair procedure. - It should be appreciated that notch 90 (
FIG. 4 ) of passingpin 40 may have various configurations consistent with the present invention. Thus, for example, inFIG. 4 notch 90 is shown as having a substantially T-shaped configuration. However, other configurations may also be used. Thus, for example, and looking now atFIG. 22 ,notch 90 may have a substantially straight configuration. Still other configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. - It is to be understood that the present invention is by no means limited to the particular construction and method steps disclosed above and/or shown in the drawings, but also comprises any modifications or equivalents within the scope of the claims.
Claims (20)
1. A system for positioning a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, comprising:
a flexible member;
an inserter having diametrically opposed grooves and a diametrically extending channel, the diametrically opposed grooves being configured to seat the flexible member such that a segment of the flexible member is suspended across the diametrically extending channel; and
a passing pin configured to extend through the channel in the inserter such that a notch on the passing pin can engage the segment of the flexible member suspended across the channel.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inserter comprises a hollow elongate shaft.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the diametrically-extending channel is formed in a distal end of the inserter.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible member comprises a closed loop.
5. The system of claim 1 , the notch is formed in a first end of the passing pin and a second end of the passing pin includes at least one hole formed therein.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one hole comprises first and second holes formed in the passing pin.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a cannulated crosspin configured to be mounted on the flexible member.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a cannulated driver configured to be advanced over the flexible member.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a cannulated bead mounted on the flexible member outboard of the cannulated driver.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the cannulated bead has a larger outside diameter than a diameter of an inner lumen of the cannulated driver.
11. A system for positioning a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, comprising:
a passing pin having a notch formed in a first end thereof and configured to engage a flexible member, and at least one hole formed in a second end thereof and configured to receive a flexible member therethrough; and
an inserter having a channel formed in an end thereof and configured to receive the passing pin transversely.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the inserter includes diametrically opposed grooves formed in the first end thereof and configured to seat a flexible member such that a segment of the flexible member is suspended across the channel.
13. The system of claim 11 , further comprising a cannulated crosspin configured to be mounted on a flexible member.
14. The system of claim 11 , further comprising a cannulated driver configured to be advanced over a flexible member.
15. The system of claim 14 , further comprising a cannulated bead configured to be mounted on a flexible member outboard of the cannulated driver.
16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one hole comprises first and second holes formed in the passing pin.
17. A system for positioning a graft ligament in a bone tunnel, comprising:
a flexible member configured to extend through a second bone tunnel which intersects, and extends traverse to, a first the bone tunnel, such that a first free end of the flexible member extends out of a first opening of the second bone tunnel and a second free end of the flexible member extends out of a second opening of the second bone tunnel;
a cannulated crosspin mounted on a free end of the flexible member;
a cannulated driver mounted on the flexible member outboard of the cannulated crosspin; and
a cannulated bead mounted on the flexible member outboard of the cannulated driver, the cannulated bead having a larger outside diameter than a diameter of an inside lumen of the cannulated driver.
18. The system of claim 17 , further comprising a passing pin having a notch configured to engage the flexible member.
19. The system of claim 17 , further comprising an inserter having a opposed grooves formed therein and configured to receive the flexible member.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the inserted includes a channel formed therein and positioned such that a segment of the flexible member received in the opposed grooves is suspended across the channel.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/334,047 US20090093880A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2008-12-12 | Apparatus and methos for reconstructing a ligament |
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US18429200P | 2000-02-23 | 2000-02-23 | |
US09/792,168 US6808528B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-02-22 | Apparatus and method for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel |
US10/964,590 US7494490B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2004-10-13 | Apparatus and method for reconstructing a ligament |
US12/334,047 US20090093880A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2008-12-12 | Apparatus and methos for reconstructing a ligament |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/964,590 Continuation US7494490B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2004-10-13 | Apparatus and method for reconstructing a ligament |
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US20090093880A1 true US20090093880A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
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US09/792,168 Expired - Fee Related US6808528B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-02-22 | Apparatus and method for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel |
US10/964,590 Expired - Fee Related US7494490B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2004-10-13 | Apparatus and method for reconstructing a ligament |
US12/334,047 Abandoned US20090093880A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2008-12-12 | Apparatus and methos for reconstructing a ligament |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/792,168 Expired - Fee Related US6808528B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-02-22 | Apparatus and method for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel |
US10/964,590 Expired - Fee Related US7494490B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2004-10-13 | Apparatus and method for reconstructing a ligament |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6808528B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001251700A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001062172A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20010044627A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
US6808528B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
US20050065527A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
WO2001062172A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
AU2001251700A1 (en) | 2001-09-03 |
US7494490B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 |
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