US20080280075A1 - Artificial Grass Built Up of Fibres That Consist of a Core and a Cladding, as Well as an Artificial Lawn Built Up Therefrom - Google Patents

Artificial Grass Built Up of Fibres That Consist of a Core and a Cladding, as Well as an Artificial Lawn Built Up Therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080280075A1
US20080280075A1 US11/722,638 US72263805A US2008280075A1 US 20080280075 A1 US20080280075 A1 US 20080280075A1 US 72263805 A US72263805 A US 72263805A US 2008280075 A1 US2008280075 A1 US 2008280075A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
core
cladding
artificial grass
grass according
artificial
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Abandoned
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US11/722,638
Inventor
Peter Van Reijen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tapijtfabriek H Desseaux NV
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Tapijtfabriek H Desseaux NV
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Assigned to TAPIJTFABRIEK H. DESSEAUX N.V. reassignment TAPIJTFABRIEK H. DESSEAUX N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VAN REIJEN, PETER
Publication of US20080280075A1 publication Critical patent/US20080280075A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an artificial grass built up of fibres that consist of a core and a cladding, which core and which cladding are composed of a plastic material.
  • Such a type of artificial grass is known per se from European patent EP 0 996 781 granted to the present applicant, which evolved out of WO 99/04074, in which a polyamide-containing yarn is used for fabricating artificial grass, wherein the yarn, besides polyamide, also contains a polyolefin compound selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene.
  • a method is disclosed in which the yarn is obtained by means of a co-extrusion process.
  • the cladding consists of polyamide, whilst the core consists of one of the aforesaid plastics.
  • the yarn is a so-called tape filament consisting of a core layer and two outer layers of a material different from that of the core layer, wherein the core layer contains polyester and/or polyolefin material and wherein the outer layers contain high-density polyethylene.
  • Japanese patent publication JP 2003 342848 discloses a yarn for an artificial lawn that consists of a conjugated yarn formed of a resin composition comprising 70-99 wt. % nylon (polyamide) and 1-30 wt. % polyethylene as the inner layer and polyethylene as the outer layer.
  • a well-known phenomenon with artificial grass in particular if the artificial grass is used for playing soccer thereon, is the occurrence of burns when players make a sliding tackle.
  • This problem does not occur with natural grass, which natural material has a high a water content and which feels soft upon contact, so that the friction with the skin will be high.
  • This high friction is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of skin damage, but because of the fact that the natural grass will wear away slightly upon contact, burns do not occur upon contact with natural grass.
  • natural grass is soft and will grow again after having worn away, in which connection it can furthermore be noted that the relatively soft nature of natural grass also contributes to favourable resilient properties.
  • the material used for the artificial grass is a soft material, for example, which has a large elastic range. Such a property makes for a good resilience, but also a high degree of friction, which latter aspect will lead to excessive adhesion of the skin to the artificial grass when a sliding tackle is made, and thus to inevitable damage to the skin, which is undesirable. Said materials are evaluated as unsatisfactory as regards the heat development that takes place when a sliding tackle is made, in spite of the fact that because of the high degree of friction the period of contact between the skin and the artificial grass remains limited.
  • the material used for the artificial grass may also be a hard material having a small elastic range, which leads to unsatisfactory properties as regards resilience but also to less friction. The reduction as regards the degree of friction will lead to less skin damage. In addition to that, said hard materials are evaluated as satisfactory as regards the heat development during sliding tackles, because the period of contact is longer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an artificial grass which exhibits a high degree of durability and which can be composed of commercially available materials.
  • the artificial grass as referred to in the introduction is characterized in that the material for the core has been selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), saturated styrene thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS), polyamide and polyethylene compounds, or combinations thereof.
  • EVA ethyl vinyl acetate
  • SEBS saturated styrene thermoplastic elastomer
  • polyamide polyethylene compounds
  • One or more of the above objects are achieved by using such a type of artificial grass. Because a soft material is used for the core, favourable properties as regards resilience can be obtained, without the aforesaid disadvantageous surface properties playing a part. Moreover, because the cladding is built up of a relatively hard material, use is advantageously made of the relatively favourable surface properties, viz. a low degree of skin damage as a result of the low adhesion to the skin. Moreover, the unfavourable properties as regards resilience are minimised by using a hard material for the cladding.
  • the terms “soft” and “hard” as used in the present description must be interpreted in relation to each other, in which connection it is in particular important that the material for the cladding is harder than the material that is used for the core.
  • the soft material for the core will have an elasticity modulus (according to ASTM D638) of maximally 500 MPa, preferably maximally 300 MPa.
  • the hard material for the cladding will have an elasticity modulus (according to ASTM D638) of minimally 500 MPa, preferably minimally 750 MPa.
  • the material for the cladding has preferably been selected from the group consisting of polyethylene compounds, polypropylene and fluor polymers or combinations thereof, wherein the polyethylene compounds have been selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and anhydride modified polyethylene compounds.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • MDPE medium density polyethylene
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene
  • anhydride modified polyethylene compounds anhydride modified polyethylene compounds.
  • the cladding of the artificial fibre is relatively thin, viz. the thickness of the cladding is such that its volume makes up 1-40%, preferably 1-20%, of the volume of the entire fibre.
  • the thickness of the cladding is such that its volume makes up 1-40%, preferably 1-20%, of the volume of the entire fibre.
  • the artificial grass according to the present invention is further characterized in that the artificial grass fibre has been obtained by means of a co-extrusion process, wherein the material for the core and the material for the cladding are extruded simultaneously, with the cladding being in direct contact with the core.
  • the material for the core is polyamide and the material for the cladding is an anhydride modified HDPE.
  • the material for the core is LDPE and the material for the cladding is HDPE.
  • the material for the core is moreover preferably a combination of polypropylene and SEBS and the material for the cladding is polypropylene.
  • Other preferred embodiments of the present artificial grass are characterized in that the material for the core is EVA and the material for the cladding is a fluor polymer, wherein the material for the core also contains polypropylene and/or polyethylene besides EVA and wherein polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as the fluor polymer.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the present invention furthermore relates to an artificial lawn built up from an artificial grass as described above.
  • a mixture of, for example, polyamide, in particular polyamide 12, and a modified polyethylene can be used for the core.
  • Another suitable material for the core is a combination of LDPE and HDPE.
  • a compatibility agent has preferably been added to the material for the core and/or to the material for the cladding, or to both materials, which compatibility agent enhances the bond between the material for the core and the material for the cladding.
  • a suitable compatibility agent is a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate, with the methyl acrylate content in particular amounting to less than 50%, preferably about 30%.

Abstract

The invention relates to a drain for liquid comprising a detachable pipe part provided with a stench-trap, placed substantially horizontal in or in connection to a drainage pipe, wherein the pipe part comprises positioning means for placing the pipe part in or in connection to the drainage pipe with a substantially univocal orientation. In one embodiment the drain comprises a receptacle having a bottom wall and raised side walls, wherein the raised side walls comprise a first side wall provided with a drainage opening placed therein, wherein the drainage pipe is placed at an outside of the receptacle so as to connect to the drainage opening. The drain according to the invention is particularly suitable for placement in for instance a finishing floor of a wet area in a building, such as for instance a bathroom or a shower cubicle.

Description

  • Artificial grass built up of fibres that consist of a core and a cladding, as well as an artificial lawn built up therefrom.
  • The present invention relates to an artificial grass built up of fibres that consist of a core and a cladding, which core and which cladding are composed of a plastic material.
  • Such a type of artificial grass is known per se from European patent EP 0 996 781 granted to the present applicant, which evolved out of WO 99/04074, in which a polyamide-containing yarn is used for fabricating artificial grass, wherein the yarn, besides polyamide, also contains a polyolefin compound selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene. In addition to the method of manufacturing a yarn that is known therefrom, wherein the polymer is extruded so as to form monofilaments, which are subsequently processed into bands, with several bands being twisted to form a yarn, a method is disclosed in which the yarn is obtained by means of a co-extrusion process. When such an extrusion process is used, the cladding consists of polyamide, whilst the core consists of one of the aforesaid plastics.
  • From International application WO 2004/106601 there is known a yarn for an artificial lawn in which the yarn is a so-called tape filament consisting of a core layer and two outer layers of a material different from that of the core layer, wherein the core layer contains polyester and/or polyolefin material and wherein the outer layers contain high-density polyethylene.
  • Japanese patent publication JP 2003 342848 discloses a yarn for an artificial lawn that consists of a conjugated yarn formed of a resin composition comprising 70-99 wt. % nylon (polyamide) and 1-30 wt. % polyethylene as the inner layer and polyethylene as the outer layer.
  • A well-known phenomenon with artificial grass, in particular if the artificial grass is used for playing soccer thereon, is the occurrence of burns when players make a sliding tackle. This problem does not occur with natural grass, which natural material has a high a water content and which feels soft upon contact, so that the friction with the skin will be high. This high friction is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of skin damage, but because of the fact that the natural grass will wear away slightly upon contact, burns do not occur upon contact with natural grass. In addition to that it can be noted that natural grass is soft and will grow again after having worn away, in which connection it can furthermore be noted that the relatively soft nature of natural grass also contributes to favourable resilient properties.
  • On the other hand, there is generally a controversy when selecting the materials to be used for artificial grass. The material used for the artificial grass is a soft material, for example, which has a large elastic range. Such a property makes for a good resilience, but also a high degree of friction, which latter aspect will lead to excessive adhesion of the skin to the artificial grass when a sliding tackle is made, and thus to inevitable damage to the skin, which is undesirable. Said materials are evaluated as unsatisfactory as regards the heat development that takes place when a sliding tackle is made, in spite of the fact that because of the high degree of friction the period of contact between the skin and the artificial grass remains limited. The material used for the artificial grass may also be a hard material having a small elastic range, which leads to unsatisfactory properties as regards resilience but also to less friction. The reduction as regards the degree of friction will lead to less skin damage. In addition to that, said hard materials are evaluated as satisfactory as regards the heat development during sliding tackles, because the period of contact is longer.
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide a special type of artificial grass which imitates the advantageous properties of natural grass, in particular as regards resilience and behaviour during sliding tackles, as much as possible.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an artificial grass which exhibits a high degree of durability and which can be composed of commercially available materials.
  • According to the present invention, the artificial grass as referred to in the introduction is characterized in that the material for the core has been selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), saturated styrene thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS), polyamide and polyethylene compounds, or combinations thereof.
  • One or more of the above objects are achieved by using such a type of artificial grass. Because a soft material is used for the core, favourable properties as regards resilience can be obtained, without the aforesaid disadvantageous surface properties playing a part. Moreover, because the cladding is built up of a relatively hard material, use is advantageously made of the relatively favourable surface properties, viz. a low degree of skin damage as a result of the low adhesion to the skin. Moreover, the unfavourable properties as regards resilience are minimised by using a hard material for the cladding.
  • The terms “soft” and “hard” as used in the present description must be interpreted in relation to each other, in which connection it is in particular important that the material for the cladding is harder than the material that is used for the core. The soft material for the core will have an elasticity modulus (according to ASTM D638) of maximally 500 MPa, preferably maximally 300 MPa. The hard material for the cladding will have an elasticity modulus (according to ASTM D638) of minimally 500 MPa, preferably minimally 750 MPa.
  • In a special embodiment, the material for the cladding has preferably been selected from the group consisting of polyethylene compounds, polypropylene and fluor polymers or combinations thereof, wherein the polyethylene compounds have been selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and anhydride modified polyethylene compounds.
  • In a special embodiment of the present invention, the cladding of the artificial fibre is relatively thin, viz. the thickness of the cladding is such that its volume makes up 1-40%, preferably 1-20%, of the volume of the entire fibre. Such a small thickness for the cladding makes it possible to make advantageous use of the high specific heat properties of the core material, which will lead to a reduced occurrence of burns.
  • The artificial grass according to the present invention is further characterized in that the artificial grass fibre has been obtained by means of a co-extrusion process, wherein the material for the core and the material for the cladding are extruded simultaneously, with the cladding being in direct contact with the core.
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the present artificial grass, the material for the core is polyamide and the material for the cladding is an anhydride modified HDPE.
  • According to yet another special embodiment of the present artificial grass, the material for the core is LDPE and the material for the cladding is HDPE. In a special embodiment, the material for the core is moreover preferably a combination of polypropylene and SEBS and the material for the cladding is polypropylene. Other preferred embodiments of the present artificial grass are characterized in that the material for the core is EVA and the material for the cladding is a fluor polymer, wherein the material for the core also contains polypropylene and/or polyethylene besides EVA and wherein polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as the fluor polymer.
  • The present invention furthermore relates to an artificial lawn built up from an artificial grass as described above.
  • In a special embodiment, a mixture of, for example, polyamide, in particular polyamide 12, and a modified polyethylene can be used for the core. Another suitable material for the core is a combination of LDPE and HDPE.
  • To prevent delamination of the core and the cladding, a compatibility agent has preferably been added to the material for the core and/or to the material for the cladding, or to both materials, which compatibility agent enhances the bond between the material for the core and the material for the cladding. A suitable compatibility agent is a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate, with the methyl acrylate content in particular amounting to less than 50%, preferably about 30%.

Claims (19)

1. An artificial grass built up of artificial glass fibres comprising a core and a cladding, which core and which cladding are composed of a plastic material, characterized in that the material for the core has been selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), saturated styrene thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS), polyamide and polyethylene compounds, or combinations thereof.
2. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the cladding has been selected from the group consisting of polyethylene compounds, polypropylene and fluor polymers, or combinations thereof.
3. An artificial grass according to claim 2, characterized in that the polyethylene compounds for the core and the cladding have been selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and anhydride modified polyethylene compounds.
4. An artificial grass according claim 1, characterized in that the artificial glass fibre has been obtained by means of a co-extrusion process, wherein the material for the core and the material for the cladding are extruded simultaneously, with the cladding being in direct contact with the core.
5. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the core is polyamide and the material for the cladding is an anhydride modified HDPE.
6. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the core is LDPE and the material for the cladding is HDPE.
7. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the core is a combination of polypropylene and SEBS and the material for the cladding is polypropylene.
8. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the core is EVA and the material for the cladding is a fluor polymer.
9. An artificial grass according to claim 8, characterized in that the material for the core also contains polypropylene and/or polyethylene besides EVA.
10. An artificial grass according to claim 8, characterized in that polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as the fluor polymer.
11. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the core has an elasticity modulus (measured in accordance with ASTM D638) of maximally 500 MPa.
12. An artificial grass according to claim 11, characterized in that the material for the core has an elasticity modulus (measured in accordance with ASTM D638) of maximally 300 MPa.
13. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the cladding has an elasticity modulus (measured in accordance with ASTM D638) of at least 500 MPa.
14. An artificial grass according to claim 13, characterized in that the material for the cladding has an elasticity modulus (measured in accordance with ASTM D638) of at least 750 MPa.
15. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the cladding is such that its volume makes up 1-40% of the volume of the entire fibre.
16. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that a compatibility agent has been added to the material for the core and/or to the material for the cladding, or to both materials, which compatibility agent enhances the bond between the material for the core and the material for the cladding.
17. An artificial grass according to claim 16, characterized in that the compatibility agent is a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate.
18. An artificial lawn built up of artificial grass comprising a core and a cladding, which core and which cladding are composed of a plastic material, characterized in that the material for the core has been selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), saturated styrene thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS), polyamide and polyethylene compounds, or combinations thereof.
19. An artificial grass according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyethylene compounds have been selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and anhydride modified polyethylene compounds.
US11/722,638 2004-12-24 2005-12-22 Artificial Grass Built Up of Fibres That Consist of a Core and a Cladding, as Well as an Artificial Lawn Built Up Therefrom Abandoned US20080280075A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1027878 2004-12-24
NL1027878A NL1027878C2 (en) 2004-12-24 2004-12-24 Artificial grass constructed from fibers consisting of a core and a mantle, as well as an artificial grass field built from it.
PCT/NL2005/000886 WO2006068476A1 (en) 2004-12-24 2005-12-22 Artificial grass built up of fibres that consist of a core and a cladding, as well as an artificial lawn built up therefrom

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080280075A1 true US20080280075A1 (en) 2008-11-13

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US11/722,638 Abandoned US20080280075A1 (en) 2004-12-24 2005-12-22 Artificial Grass Built Up of Fibres That Consist of a Core and a Cladding, as Well as an Artificial Lawn Built Up Therefrom

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20080280075A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1828449B1 (en)
NL (1) NL1027878C2 (en)
NO (1) NO338840B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006068476A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

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US20070166507A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2007-07-19 Franke Atsma Yarn for an artificial turf ground cover, artificial turf ground cover and playing field including such a yarn and method for producing such a yarn
US9011740B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-04-21 Textile Management Associates, Inc. Method of recycling synthetic turf and infill product
CN105377391A (en) * 2014-03-27 2016-03-02 普利特运动产品有限责任公司 Artificial turf and production method
US20200308777A1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2020-10-01 Polytex Sportbelage Produktions-Gmbh Artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding
US20200308778A1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2020-10-01 Polytex Sportbelage Produktions-Gmbh Production of an artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding

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DE502007002924D1 (en) 2007-04-19 2010-04-08 Motech Gmbh Technology & Syste artificial grass
EP1983103B1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2014-02-19 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Synthetic turf
NL1033949C2 (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-09 Desseaux H Tapijtfab Artificial grass constructed from fibers consisting of a core and a mantle, as well as an artificial grass field built from it.
US9005723B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2015-04-14 Tarkett Inc. Fiber for synthetic grass field
DE102012024685A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 Gerhard Schramm Artificial turf has a yarn comprising thermoplastic elastomer, where yarn has polyurethane, particularly thermoplastic polyurethane, where yarn has fiber with thirty percent to seventy percent polyethylene
US20150204027A1 (en) * 2014-01-22 2015-07-23 Dow Global Technologies Llc Artificial turf filaments, and articles made therefrom
CN111395102B (en) * 2020-02-24 2022-06-10 广州傲胜人造草股份有限公司 Hydrophobic sports artificial turf

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US20080044598A1 (en) * 2006-08-18 2008-02-21 Mondo S.P.A. Thread for synthetic grass turfs, die for producing same related processes of manufacturing and use, and synthetic grass truf including it
US20080044599A1 (en) * 2006-08-18 2008-02-21 Mondo S.P.A. Synthetic grass turf and related manufacturing method
US20090011152A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-08 Mondo S.P.A. substrate for floorings such as, for instance, synthetic grass turf, corresponding synthetic grass turf and methods of manufacture

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US20070166507A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2007-07-19 Franke Atsma Yarn for an artificial turf ground cover, artificial turf ground cover and playing field including such a yarn and method for producing such a yarn
US7611763B2 (en) * 2003-05-28 2009-11-03 Lankhorst Indutech B.V. Yarn for an artificial turf ground cover, artificial turf ground cover and playing field including such a yarn and method for producing such a yarn
US9011740B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-04-21 Textile Management Associates, Inc. Method of recycling synthetic turf and infill product
CN105377391A (en) * 2014-03-27 2016-03-02 普利特运动产品有限责任公司 Artificial turf and production method
US20200308777A1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2020-10-01 Polytex Sportbelage Produktions-Gmbh Artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding
US20200308778A1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2020-10-01 Polytex Sportbelage Produktions-Gmbh Production of an artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding
US11608599B2 (en) * 2017-11-03 2023-03-21 Polytex Sportbelage Produktions-Gmbh Production of an artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding
US11788237B2 (en) * 2017-11-03 2023-10-17 Polytex Sportbelage Produktions—GmbH Artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding
US11905666B2 (en) 2017-11-03 2024-02-20 Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-Gmbh Production of an artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding

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WO2006068476A1 (en) 2006-06-29
EP1828449B1 (en) 2013-02-13
NL1027878C2 (en) 2006-06-27
NO338840B1 (en) 2016-10-24
EP1828449A1 (en) 2007-09-05
NO20073597L (en) 2007-09-20
WO2006068476A8 (en) 2017-01-19

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