US20080248101A1 - Pharmaceutical composition containing fenofibrate and method for the preparation thereof - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical composition containing fenofibrate and method for the preparation thereof Download PDF

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US20080248101A1
US20080248101A1 US12/155,937 US15593708A US2008248101A1 US 20080248101 A1 US20080248101 A1 US 20080248101A1 US 15593708 A US15593708 A US 15593708A US 2008248101 A1 US2008248101 A1 US 2008248101A1
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pharmaceutical composition
fenofibrate
hydrosoluble
cellulose
active layer
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Bruno Criere
Pascal Suplie
Philippe Chenevier
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Ethypharm SAS
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Ethypharm SAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/216—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/1623—Sugars or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose; Derivatives thereof; Homeopathic globules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/167—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
    • A61K9/1676—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface having a drug-free core with discrete complete coating layer containing drug
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel pharmaceutical composition containing fenofibrate.
  • Fenofibrate is recommended in the treatment of adult endogenous hyperlipidemias, of hypercholesterolemias and of hypertriglyceridemias.
  • a treatment of 300 to 400 mg of fenofibrate per day enables a 20 to 25% reduction of cholesterolemia and a 40 to 50% reduction of triglyceridemia to be obtained.
  • the major fenofibrate metabolite in the plasma is fenofibric acid.
  • the half-life for elimination of fenofibric acid from the plasma is of the order of 20 hours. Its maximum concentration in the plasma is attained, on average, five hours after ingestion of the medicinal product.
  • the mean concentration in the plasma is of the order of 15 micrograms/ml for a dose of 300 mg of fenofibrate per day. This level is stable throughout treatment.
  • Fenofibrate is an active principle which is very poorly soluble in water, and the absorption of which in the digestive tract is limited. An increase in its solubility or in its rate of solubilization leads to better digestive absorption.
  • Patent EP 256 933 describes fenofibrate granules in which the fenofibrate is micronized in order to increase its bioavailability.
  • the crystalline fenofibrate microparticles are less than 50 ⁇ m in size.
  • the binder used is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • the document suggests other types of binder, such as methacrylic polymers, cellulose derivatives and polyethylene glycols.
  • the granules described in the examples of EP 256 933 are obtained by a method using organic solvents.
  • Patent EP 330 532 proposes improving the bioavailability of fenofibrate by comicronizing it with a surfactant, such as sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • the comicronizate is then granulated by wet granulation in order to improve the flow capacities of the powder and to facilitate the transformation into gelatin capsules.
  • This comicronization allows a significant increase in the bioavailability compared to the use of fenofibrate described in EP 256 933.
  • the granules described in EP 330 532 contain polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder.
  • This patent teaches that the comicronization of fenofibrate with a solid surfactant significantly improves the bioavailability of the fenofibrate compared to the use of a surfactant, of micronization or of the combination of a surfactant and of micronized fenofibrate.
  • Patent WO 98/31361 proposes improving the bioavailability of the fenofibrate by attaching to a hydrodispersible inert support micronized fenofibrate, a hydrophilic polymer and, optionally, a surfactant.
  • the hydrophilic polymer identified as polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, represents at least 20% by weight of the composition described above.
  • a subject of the present invention is therefore a pharmaceutical composition containing micronized fenofibrate, a surfactant and a binding cellulose derivative, which is a solubilization adjuvant, preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC).
  • a solubilization adjuvant preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC).
  • composition of the invention is advantageously provided as gelatin capsules containing powder or granules, preferably in the form of granules.
  • These granules may in particular be prepared by assembly on neutral microgranules, by spraying an aqueous solution containing the surfactant, the solubilized binding cellulose derivative and the micronized fenofibrate in suspension, or by wet granulation of powder, according to which the constituents, including in particular the micronized fenofibrate, the surfactant and the cellulose derivative, are granulated by wet granulation using an aqueous wetting solution, dried and calibrated.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention has a high proportion of fenofibrate; it may therefore be provided in a formulation which is smaller in size than the formulations of the prior art, which makes this composition according to the invention easy to administer.
  • the amount of fenofibrate is greater than or equal to 60% by weight, preferably greater than or equal to 70% by weight, even more preferably greater than or equal to 75% by weight, relative to the weight of the composition.
  • the fenofibrate is not comicronized with a surfactant. On the contrary, it is micronized alone and then combined with a surfactant and with the binding cellulose derivative, which is a solubilization adjuvant.
  • the surfactant is chosen from surfactants which are solid or liquid at room temperature, for example sodium lauryl sulfate, Polysorbate® 80 or Montane® 20, preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • the fenofibrate/HPMC ratio is preferably between 5/1 and 15/1.
  • the surfactant represents between 1 and 10%, preferably between 3 and 5%, by weight relative to the weight of fenofibrate.
  • the binding cellulose derivative represents between 2 and 15%, preferably between 5 and 12%, by weight of the composition.
  • Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is preferably chosen, the apparent viscosity of which is between 2.4 and 18 cP, and even more preferably between 2.4 and 3.6 cP, such as for example Pharmacoat 603®.
  • the mean size of the fenofibrate particles is less than 15 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m, even more preferably less than 8 ⁇ m.
  • composition of the invention may also contain at least one excipient such as diluents, for instance lactose, antifoaming agents, for instance Dimethicone® and Simethicone®, or lubricants, for instance talc.
  • excipients for instance lactose
  • antifoaming agents for instance Dimethicone® and Simethicone®
  • lubricants for instance talc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention advantageously consists of granules in an amount equivalent to a dose of fenofibrate of between 50 and 300 mg, preferably equal to 200 mg.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for preparing the powder or the granules, the composition of which is described above. This method uses no organic solvent.
  • the granules are prepared by assembly on neutral microgranules.
  • the neutral microgranules have a particle size of between 200 and 1 000 microns, preferably between 400 and 600 microns.
  • the assembly is carried out in a sugar-coating pan, in a perforated coating pan or in a fluidized airbed, preferably in a fluidized airbed.
  • the assembly on neutral microgranules is carried out by spraying an aqueous solution containing the surfactant, the solubilized binding cellulose derivative, and the micronized fenofibrate in suspension.
  • the granules are obtained by wet granulation of powder.
  • the granulation enables the powders to be made dense and makes it possible to improve their flow properties. It also allows better preservation of the homogeneity, by avoiding the various constituents becoming unmixed.
  • the micronized fenofibrate, the surfactant, the cellulose derivative and, optionally, the other excipients are mixed, granulated, dried and then calibrated.
  • the wetting solution may be water or an aqueous solution containing the binding cellulose derivative and/or the surfactant.
  • the fenofibrate and the other excipients are mixed in a planetary mixer.
  • the wetting solution is added directly to the mixture.
  • the wet mass obtained is granulated with an oscillating granulator, and then dried in an oven.
  • the granules are obtained after passage over an oscillating calibrator.
  • FIG. 1 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of example 1C and of a formulation of the prior art in fasting individuals.
  • FIG. 2 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of example 1C and of a formulation of the prior art in individuals who have just eaten.
  • FIG. 3 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of example 2B and of a formulation of the prior art in fasting individuals.
  • FIG. 4 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of comparative example 3 and of a formulation of the prior art in individuals who have just eaten.
  • microgranules are obtained by spraying an aqueous suspension onto neutral cores.
  • the composition is given in the following table:
  • the in vitro dissolution was determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N.
  • the percentages of dissolved product as a function of time, in comparison with a formulation of the prior art, Lipanthyl 200 M, are given in the following table.
  • Formulation 1A dissolves more rapidly than Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • the mean size of the fenofibrate particles is equal to 6.9 ⁇ 0.7 microns.
  • microgranules are obtained by spraying an aqueous suspension onto neutral cores.
  • the suspension contains micronized fenofibrate, sodium lauryl sulfate and HPMC.
  • the assembly is carried out in a Huttlin fluidized airbed (rotoprocess).
  • the size of the neutral microgranules is between 400 and 600 ⁇ m.
  • Microgranules having the following composition are prepared:
  • microgranules obtained are distributed into size 1 gelatin capsules, each containing 200 mg of fenofibrate.
  • the in vitro dissolution is determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N.
  • the comparative results with a formulation of the prior art, Lipanthyl 200 M, are given in the following table.
  • Formula 1C dissolves more rapidly than Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • the gelatin capsules are conserved for 6 months at 40° C./75% relative humidity.
  • the granules are stable under these accelerated storage conditions.
  • In vitro dissolution tests (in continuous flow cells with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N) were carried out.
  • the percentages of dissolved product as a function of time for gelatin capsules conserved for 1, 3 and 6 months are given in the following table.
  • the in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the YFEN 01 granules at a dose of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • composition according to the present invention has a bioavailability which is greater than that of Lipanthyl 200 M in fasting individuals.
  • the in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the YFEN 01 granules at a dose of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • composition according to the present invention is bioequivalent to that of Lipanthyl 200 M in individuals who have just eaten.
  • Granules having the following composition are prepared
  • micronized fenofibrate, the HPMC and the lactose are mixed using a planetary mixer. This mixture is granulated in the presence of a solution of sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • the flow time of the granules is 7 s.
  • the compacting capacity and the particle size distribution are given in the following tables. These measurements were carried out in accordance with the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia.
  • micronized fenofibrate is mixed in a PMA mixer (Niro Fielder) with lactose and HPMC, and then wetted with an aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • PMA mixer Niro Fielder
  • HPMC aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate
  • the mass obtained is granulated by passage over an oscillating granulator, dried and then calibrated on a sieve with a mesh size of 1.25 mm.
  • the granules are then packaged in size 1 gelatin capsules at doses of 200 mg of fenofibrate.
  • the flow time of the granules is 6 s.
  • the compacting capacity and the particle size distribution are given in the following tables. These measurements were carried out in accordance with the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia.
  • the in vitro dissolution is determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N.
  • the comparative results for a formulation of the prior art, Lipanthyl 200 M, are given in the following table.
  • Formulation 2B dissolves more rapidly than Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • gelatin capsules conserved at 40° C./75% relative humidity are stable for 6 months.
  • the in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the YFEN 002 granules at doses of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • composition of example 2B is bioequivalent to that of Lipanthyl 200 M in fasting individuals.
  • the in vitro dissolution is determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N.
  • the comparative results with Lipanthyl 200 M are given in the following table.
  • the dissolution is slower than that observed for Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • the in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the ZEF 001 granules at doses of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • Example 3 shows that combining the knowledge of the prior art (namely micronization or use of surfactants) does not make it possible to obtain rapid dissolution of fenofibrate. This results in low bioavailability compared with Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • compositions prepared according to the present invention show more rapid dissolution than the formula of the prior art and improved bioavailability.

Abstract

A pharmaceutical composition containing fenofibrate, a surfactant and a binding cellulose derivative, as solubilizing adjuvant, preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose reduces food effect. The cellulose derivative represents less than 20 wt. % of the composition. The association of fenofibrate with a binding cellulose derivative, as solubilizing adjuvant and a surfactant enhances the bioavailability of fenofibrate. Also provided is a method for preparing said composition without organic solvent.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a novel pharmaceutical composition containing fenofibrate.
  • Fenofibrate is recommended in the treatment of adult endogenous hyperlipidemias, of hypercholesterolemias and of hypertriglyceridemias. A treatment of 300 to 400 mg of fenofibrate per day enables a 20 to 25% reduction of cholesterolemia and a 40 to 50% reduction of triglyceridemia to be obtained.
  • The major fenofibrate metabolite in the plasma is fenofibric acid. The half-life for elimination of fenofibric acid from the plasma is of the order of 20 hours. Its maximum concentration in the plasma is attained, on average, five hours after ingestion of the medicinal product. The mean concentration in the plasma is of the order of 15 micrograms/ml for a dose of 300 mg of fenofibrate per day. This level is stable throughout treatment.
  • Fenofibrate is an active principle which is very poorly soluble in water, and the absorption of which in the digestive tract is limited. An increase in its solubility or in its rate of solubilization leads to better digestive absorption.
  • Various approaches have been explored in order to increase the rate of solubilization of fenofibrate: micronization of the active principle, addition of a surfactant, and comicronization of fenofibrate with a surfactant.
  • Patent EP 256 933 describes fenofibrate granules in which the fenofibrate is micronized in order to increase its bioavailability. The crystalline fenofibrate microparticles are less than 50 μm in size. the binder used is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The document suggests other types of binder, such as methacrylic polymers, cellulose derivatives and polyethylene glycols. The granules described in the examples of EP 256 933 are obtained by a method using organic solvents.
  • Patent EP 330 532 proposes improving the bioavailability of fenofibrate by comicronizing it with a surfactant, such as sodium lauryl sulfate. The comicronizate is then granulated by wet granulation in order to improve the flow capacities of the powder and to facilitate the transformation into gelatin capsules. This comicronization allows a significant increase in the bioavailability compared to the use of fenofibrate described in EP 256 933. The granules described in EP 330 532 contain polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder.
  • This patent teaches that the comicronization of fenofibrate with a solid surfactant significantly improves the bioavailability of the fenofibrate compared to the use of a surfactant, of micronization or of the combination of a surfactant and of micronized fenofibrate.
  • Patent WO 98/31361 proposes improving the bioavailability of the fenofibrate by attaching to a hydrodispersible inert support micronized fenofibrate, a hydrophilic polymer and, optionally, a surfactant. The hydrophilic polymer, identified as polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, represents at least 20% by weight of the composition described above.
  • This method makes it possible to increase the rate of dissolution of the fenofibrate, and also its bioavailability. However, the preparation method according to that patent is not entirely satisfactory since it requires the use of a considerable amount of PVP and of the other excipients. The example presented in that patent application refers to a composition containing only 17.7% of fenofibrate expressed as a mass ratio. This low mass ratio for fenofibrate leads to a final form which is very large in size, hence a difficulty in administering the desired dose of fenofibrate, or the administration of two tablets.
  • In the context of the present invention, it has been discovered that the incorporation of a cellulose derivative, used as a binder and solubilization adjuvant, into a composition containing micronized fenofibrate and a surfactant makes it possible to obtain a bioavailability which is greater than for a composition containing a comicronizate of fenofibrate and of a surfactant.
  • A subject of the present invention is therefore a pharmaceutical composition containing micronized fenofibrate, a surfactant and a binding cellulose derivative, which is a solubilization adjuvant, preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC).
  • The composition of the invention is advantageously provided as gelatin capsules containing powder or granules, preferably in the form of granules. These granules may in particular be prepared by assembly on neutral microgranules, by spraying an aqueous solution containing the surfactant, the solubilized binding cellulose derivative and the micronized fenofibrate in suspension, or by wet granulation of powder, according to which the constituents, including in particular the micronized fenofibrate, the surfactant and the cellulose derivative, are granulated by wet granulation using an aqueous wetting solution, dried and calibrated.
  • The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention has a high proportion of fenofibrate; it may therefore be provided in a formulation which is smaller in size than the formulations of the prior art, which makes this composition according to the invention easy to administer.
  • The amount of fenofibrate is greater than or equal to 60% by weight, preferably greater than or equal to 70% by weight, even more preferably greater than or equal to 75% by weight, relative to the weight of the composition.
  • In the context of the present invention, the fenofibrate is not comicronized with a surfactant. On the contrary, it is micronized alone and then combined with a surfactant and with the binding cellulose derivative, which is a solubilization adjuvant.
  • The surfactant is chosen from surfactants which are solid or liquid at room temperature, for example sodium lauryl sulfate, Polysorbate® 80 or Montane® 20, preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • The fenofibrate/HPMC ratio is preferably between 5/1 and 15/1.
  • The surfactant represents between 1 and 10%, preferably between 3 and 5%, by weight relative to the weight of fenofibrate.
  • The binding cellulose derivative represents between 2 and 15%, preferably between 5 and 12%, by weight of the composition.
  • Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is preferably chosen, the apparent viscosity of which is between 2.4 and 18 cP, and even more preferably between 2.4 and 3.6 cP, such as for example Pharmacoat 603®.
  • The mean size of the fenofibrate particles is less than 15 μm, preferably 10 μm, even more preferably less than 8 μm.
  • The composition of the invention may also contain at least one excipient such as diluents, for instance lactose, antifoaming agents, for instance Dimethicone® and Simethicone®, or lubricants, for instance talc.
  • The pharmaceutical composition of the invention advantageously consists of granules in an amount equivalent to a dose of fenofibrate of between 50 and 300 mg, preferably equal to 200 mg.
  • The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the powder or the granules, the composition of which is described above. This method uses no organic solvent.
  • According to a first variant, the granules are prepared by assembly on neutral microgranules.
  • The neutral microgranules have a particle size of between 200 and 1 000 microns, preferably between 400 and 600 microns.
  • The assembly is carried out in a sugar-coating pan, in a perforated coating pan or in a fluidized airbed, preferably in a fluidized airbed.
  • The assembly on neutral microgranules is carried out by spraying an aqueous solution containing the surfactant, the solubilized binding cellulose derivative, and the micronized fenofibrate in suspension.
  • According to a second variant, the granules are obtained by wet granulation of powder. The granulation enables the powders to be made dense and makes it possible to improve their flow properties. It also allows better preservation of the homogeneity, by avoiding the various constituents becoming unmixed.
  • The micronized fenofibrate, the surfactant, the cellulose derivative and, optionally, the other excipients are mixed, granulated, dried and then calibrated. The wetting solution may be water or an aqueous solution containing the binding cellulose derivative and/or the surfactant.
  • According to a particular embodiment, the fenofibrate and the other excipients are mixed in a planetary mixer. The wetting solution is added directly to the mixture. The wet mass obtained is granulated with an oscillating granulator, and then dried in an oven. The granules are obtained after passage over an oscillating calibrator.
  • FIG. 1 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of example 1C and of a formulation of the prior art in fasting individuals.
  • FIG. 2 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of example 1C and of a formulation of the prior art in individuals who have just eaten.
  • FIG. 3 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of example 2B and of a formulation of the prior art in fasting individuals.
  • FIG. 4 represents the in vivo release profile of the formulation of comparative example 3 and of a formulation of the prior art in individuals who have just eaten.
    •
  • The invention is illustrated in a nonlimiting way by the following examples.
    • EXAMPLE 1 Granules
  • 1A) Microgranules (XFEN 1735)
  • The microgranules are obtained by spraying an aqueous suspension onto neutral cores. The composition is given in the following table:
  • Formula Amount (percentage by mass)
    Micronized fenofibrate 64.5
    Neutral microgranules 21
    HPMC (Pharmacoat 603 ®) 11.2
    Polysorbate ® 80 3.3
    Fenofibrate content 645 mg/g
  • The in vitro dissolution was determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N. The percentages of dissolved product as a function of time, in comparison with a formulation of the prior art, Lipanthyl 200 M, are given in the following table.
  • Time (min)
    15 30
    Example 1A (% dissolved) 73 95
    Lipanthyl 200 M (% dissolved) 47.3 64.7
  • Formulation 1A dissolves more rapidly than Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • 1B) Microgranules (X FEN 1935)
  • The mean size of the fenofibrate particles is equal to 6.9±0.7 microns.
  • The microgranules are obtained by spraying an aqueous suspension onto neutral cores. The suspension contains micronized fenofibrate, sodium lauryl sulfate and HPMC.
  • The assembly is carried out in a Huttlin fluidized airbed (rotoprocess).
  • The formula obtained is given below.
  • FORMULA AMOUNT (percentage by mass)
    Micronized fenofibrate 65.2
    Neutral microgranules 20.1
    HPMC (Pharmacoat 603 ®) 11.4
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 3.3
    Fenofibrate content 652 mg/g
  • The size of the neutral microgranules is between 400 and 600 μm.
  • 1C) Gelatin Capsules of Microgranules (Y FEN 001)
  • Microgranules having the following composition are prepared:
  • RAW MATERIALS AMOUNT (percentage by mass)
    Micronized fenofibrate 67.1
    Neutral microgranules 17.2
    Pharmacoat 603 ® (HPMC) 11.7
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 3.3
    35% dimethicone emulsion 0.2
    Talc 0.5
    Fenofibrate content 671 mg/g
  • according to the method described in paragraph 1A).
  • The microgranules obtained are distributed into size 1 gelatin capsules, each containing 200 mg of fenofibrate.
  • The in vitro dissolution is determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N. The comparative results with a formulation of the prior art, Lipanthyl 200 M, are given in the following table.
  • Time (min)
    15 30
    Example 1C (% dissolved) 76 100
    Lipanthyl 200 M (% dissolved) 47.3 64.7
  • Formula 1C dissolves more rapidly than Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • The gelatin capsules are conserved for 6 months at 40° C./75% relative humidity. The granules are stable under these accelerated storage conditions. In vitro dissolution tests (in continuous flow cells with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N) were carried out. The percentages of dissolved product as a function of time for gelatin capsules conserved for 1, 3 and 6 months are given in the following table.
  • Conservation time
    1 month 3 months 6 months
    Dissolution (% dissolved (% dissolved (% dissolved
    time (min) product) product) product)
    5 25.1 23.0 20.1
    15 71.8 65.6 66.5
    25 95.7 88.7 91.0
    35 104.7 98.7 98.2
    45 106.4 100.2 99.1
    55 106.7 100.5 99.5
    65 106.8 100.6 99.7
  • The evolution of the content of active principle during storage is given in the following table.
  • Conservation time
    0 1 month 3 months 6 months
    Content 208.6 192.6 190.8 211.7
    (mg/gelatin Capsule)
  • Pharmacokinetic Study Carried Out in Fasting Individuals
  • The in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the YFEN 01 granules at a dose of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • This study is carried out in 9 individuals. Blood samples are taken at regular time intervals and fenofibric acid is assayed.
  • The results are given in the following table and FIG. 1.
  • Pharmacokinetic
    parameters Lipanthyl 200 M Example 1C
    AUC0-t 76 119
    (μg · h/ml)
    AUCinf 96 137
    (μg · h/ml)
    Cmax 2.35 4.71
    (μg/ml)
    Tmax 8.0 5.5
    (hours)
    Ke 0.032 0.028
    (1/hour)
    Elim ½ 26.7 24.9
    (hours)
  • The following abbreviations are used in the present application:
    • Cmax: maximum concentration in the plasma,
    • Tmax: time required to attain the Cmax,
    • T1/2: plasmatic half-life,
    • AUC0-t: area under the curve from 0 to t,
    • AUC0-∞: area under the curve from 0 to ∞,
    • Ke: Elimination constant.
  • The results obtained for Lipanthyl 200 M and for the product of example 1C are represented on FIG. 1 by curves 1 and 2, respectively.
  • These results show that the composition according to the present invention has a bioavailability which is greater than that of Lipanthyl 200 M in fasting individuals.
  • Pharmacokinetic Study Carried Out in Individuals Who Have Just Eaten
  • The in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the YFEN 01 granules at a dose of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • This study is carried out in 18 individuals. Blood samples are taken at regular time intervals and fenofibric acid is assayed.
  • The results are given in the following table and FIG. 2.
  • Pharmacokinetic
    parameters Lipanthyl 200 M Example 1C
    AUC0-t 244 257
    (μg · h/ml)
    AUCinf 255 270
    (μg · h/ml)
    Cmax 12 13
    (μg/ml)
    Tmax 5.5 5.5
    (hours)
    Ke 0.04 0.04
    (1/hour)
    Elim ½ 19.6 19.3
    (hours)
  • The results obtained for Lipanthyl 200 M and for the product of example 1C are represented on FIG. 2 by curves 1 and 2, respectively.
  • These results show that the composition according to the present invention is bioequivalent to that of Lipanthyl 200 M in individuals who have just eaten.
    • EXAMPLE 2 Powder
  • 2A) Granules (X FEN 1992)
  • Granules having the following composition are prepared
  • FORMULA PERCENTAGE BY MASS
    Micronized fenofibrate 71
    Lactose 21.5
    HPMC (Pharmacoat 603 ®) 5
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.5
  • The micronized fenofibrate, the HPMC and the lactose are mixed using a planetary mixer. This mixture is granulated in the presence of a solution of sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • The flow time of the granules is 7 s. The compacting capacity and the particle size distribution are given in the following tables. These measurements were carried out in accordance with the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia.
  •
    Compacting capacity (X FEN 1992)
    V0 204 ml
    V10 186 ml
    V500 168 ml
    V1250 164 ml
    V10-V500  22 ml
    Particle size distribution (X FEN 1992)
    Sieve mesh size
    (mm) % of oversize mass
    0.6 8
    0.5 9
     0.355 12
    0.2 30
    0.1 23
    0   18
  • 2B) Gelatin Capsules of Granules (Y FEN 002)
  • Preparation
  • The micronized fenofibrate is mixed in a PMA mixer (Niro Fielder) with lactose and HPMC, and then wetted with an aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate. The mass obtained is granulated by passage over an oscillating granulator, dried and then calibrated on a sieve with a mesh size of 1.25 mm.
  • The granules are then packaged in size 1 gelatin capsules at doses of 200 mg of fenofibrate.
  • Granules of the following composition are obtained.
  • FORMULA PERCENTAGE BY MASS
    Micronized fenofibrate
    70
    Lactose 21.5
    Pharmacoat 603 ® (HPMC) 5
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 3.5
    Content 700 mg/g
  • Properties of the Granules
  • The flow time of the granules is 6 s. The compacting capacity and the particle size distribution are given in the following tables. These measurements were carried out in accordance with the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia.
  •
    Compacting capacity (Y FEN 002)
    V0 216 ml
    V10 200 ml
    V500 172 ml
    V1250 170 ml
    V10-V500  28 ml
    Particle size distribution (Y FEN 002)
    Sieve mesh size
    (mm) % of oversize mass
    0.6 5
    0.5 7
     0.355 11
    0.2 30
    0.1 25
    0   22
  • The in vitro dissolution is determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N. The comparative results for a formulation of the prior art, Lipanthyl 200 M, are given in the following table.
  • Time (min)
    15 30
    Example 2B (% dissolved) 82.2 88.5
    Lipanthyl 200 M (% dissolved) 47.3 64.7
  • Formulation 2B dissolves more rapidly than Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • Stability Tests
  • The gelatin capsules conserved at 40° C./75% relative humidity are stable for 6 months.
  • In vitro dissolution tests (in continuous flow cells with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N) were carried out. The percentages of dissolved product as a function of time for gelatin capsules conserved for 1, 3 and 6 months are given in the following table.
  • Conservation time
    1 month 3 months 6 months
    Dissolution (% dissolved (% dissolved (% dissolved
    time (min) product) product) product)
    5 54.2 52.9 49.0
    15 81.1 75.8 82.2
    25 86.4 79.6 87.2
    35 88.8 81.6 89.8
    45 90.7 82.9 91.5
    55 92.1 83.9 92.7
    65 93.2 84.7 93.6
  • The evolution of the content of active principle during storage is given in the following table.
  • Conservation time
    0 1 month 3 months 6 months
    Content 196.6 190.0 199.8 203.3
    (mg/gelatin capsule)
  • Pharmacokinetic Study Carried Out in Fasting Individuals
  • The in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the YFEN 002 granules at doses of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • This study is carried out in 9 individuals. Blood samples are taken at regular time intervals and fenofibric acid is assayed.
  • The results are given in the following table and FIG. 3.
  • Pharmacokinetic
    parameters Lipanthyl 200 M Example 2B
    AUC0-t 76 70
    (μg · h/ml)
    AUCinf 96 82
    (μg · h/ml)
    Cmax 2.35 2.8
    (μg/ml)
    Tmax 8.0 5.5
    (hours)
    Ke 0.032 0.033
    (1/hour)
    Elim ½ 26.7 23.1
    (hours)
  • The results obtained for Lipanthyl 200 M and for the product of example 2B are represented on FIG. 3 by curves 1 and 2, respectively.
  • These results show that the composition of example 2B is bioequivalent to that of Lipanthyl 200 M in fasting individuals.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
    • Batch ZEF 001
  • This example illustrates the prior art.
  • It combines micronization of fenofibrate and the use of a surfactant. It differs from the present invention by the use of the mixture of binding excipients consisting of a cellulose derivative other than HPMC: Avicel PH 101 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30).
  • It is prepared by extrusion-spheronization.
  • Theoretical Formula
  • Products Theoretical amount (%)
    Micronized fenofibrate 75.08
    Montanox 80 ® 4.72
    Avicel PH 101 ® 5.02
    PVP K 30 ® 4.12
    Explotab ® 11.06
  • In vitro Dissolution Profile
  • The in vitro dissolution is determined according to a continuous flow cell method with a flow rate of 8 ml/min of sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 N. The comparative results with Lipanthyl 200 M are given in the following table.
  • Time (min)
    15 30
    Example 3 (% dissolved) 24 40
    Lipanthyl 200 M (% dissolved) 47.3 64.7
  • The dissolution is slower than that observed for Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • Pharmacokinetic Study Carried Out in Fasting Individuals
  • The in vivo release profile of the gelatin capsules containing the ZEF 001 granules at doses of 200 mg of fenofibrate is compared with that of the gelatin capsules marketed under the trademark Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • This study is carried out in 5 fasting individuals receiving a single dose. Blood samples are taken at regular time intervals and fenofibric acid is assayed.
  • The results are given in the following table and FIG. 4.
  • Pharmacokinetic
    parameters Lipanthyl 200 M Example 3
    AUC0-t 92 47
    (μg · h/ml)
    AUCinf 104 53
    (μg · h/ml)
    Cmax 3.5 1.7
    (μg/ml)
    Tmax 5.6 4.6
    (hours)
    Ke 0.04 0.038
    (1/hour)
    Elim ½ 18.9 20.3
    (hours)
  • The results obtained for Lipanthyl 200 M and for the product of example 3 are represented on FIG. 4 by curves 1 and 2, respectively.
  • These results show the greater bioavailability of Lipanthyl 200 M compared with this formulation based on the prior art.
  • Example 3 shows that combining the knowledge of the prior art (namely micronization or use of surfactants) does not make it possible to obtain rapid dissolution of fenofibrate. This results in low bioavailability compared with Lipanthyl 200 M.
  • The compositions prepared according to the present invention show more rapid dissolution than the formula of the prior art and improved bioavailability.

Claims (34)

1. A pharmaceutical composition in the form of granules comprising:
(a) a neutral core;
(b) an active layer surrounding the neutral core; and
(c) a hydrosoluble layer surrounding the active layer;
wherein said active layer comprises fenofibrate, a surfactant and a binding cellulose derivative; and wherein the fenofibrate has a mean particle size of less than about 15 microns.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the mean particle size of the fenofibrate is from 6.2 microns to 7.6 microns.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the dose of fenofibrate is from about 50 mg to about 300 mg.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the dose of fenofibrate is from about 130 mg to about 200 mg.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the dose of fenofibrate is 130 mg.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the binding cellulose derivative is hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein said hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is present in an amount from about 2% by weight to about 20% by weight based on the combined weight of the neutral core and the active layer.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, wherein said hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose has an apparent viscosity of between about 2.4 cP and about 18 cP.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, and sucrose stearate.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9, wherein said surfactant is present in an amount from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight relative to the weight of fenofibrate.
11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein said outer hydrosoluble layer comprises a hydrosoluble binder selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof.
12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein said outer hydrosoluble layer is present in an amount from about 1% by weight to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein said outer hydrosoluble layer is present in an amount from about 2% by weight to about 4% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the hydrosoluble binder is hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, wherein said hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in said outer hydrosoluble layer has an apparent viscosity of between about 3 cP and about 15 cP.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein said outer hydrosoluble layer further comprises at least one excipient.
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16, wherein said excipient is a lubricant.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16, wherein said excipient is selected from the group consisting of lactose, α-(trimethylsilyl)-ω-methylpoly[oxy(dimethylsilylene)], a mixture of α-(trimethylsilyl)-ω-methylpoly[oxy(dimethylsilylene)] with silicon dioxide, colloidal silicon dioxide, and talc.
19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein said lubricant is talc present in an amount from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 18, wherein the mass ratio of said hydrosoluble binder to talc is from about 1/1 to about 5/1.
21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the neutral core comprises sugar, the binding cellulose derivative and the hydrosoluble layer comprise hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, the surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate, and the formulation further comprises dimethicone, simethicone and talc.
22. The pharmaceutical composition as in claim 1, wherein said composition is contained in a capsule.
23. The pharmaceutical composition as in claim 1, wherein the granules are in tablet form.
24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the fenofibric acid Cmax achieved when administered to a fed human patient is no more than about 100% greater than the fenofibric acid Cmax achieved when administered to a fasted human patient.
25. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the fenofibric acid Cmax achieved when administered to a fed human patient is no more than about 75% greater than the fenofibric acid Cmax achieved when administered to a fasted human patient.
26. A pharmaceutical composition in unit dose form comprising granules of:
(a) a neutral core;
(b) an active layer surrounding the neutral core; and
(c) a hydrosoluble layer surrounding the active layer;
wherein said active layer comprises: fenofibrate of mean particle size less than about 15 microns, a surfactant, and a binding cellulose derivative; and about 50 mg to about 300 mg of said fenofibrate per unit dose.
27. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the unit dose of fenofibrate is about 100 mg to about 200 mg.Propo
28. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the unit dose of fenofibrate is about 120 mg to about 150 mg.
29. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, compounded in unit dosage form in a gelatin capsule, and wherein the neutral core comprises sugar, the binding cellulose derivative and hydrosoluble layer comprise hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, the surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate, and the formulation further comprises dimethicone, simethicone and talc.
30. A pharmaceutical composition in the form of granules comprising:
(a) a neutral core;
(b) an active layer surrounding the neutral core; and
(c) a hydrosoluble layer surrounding the active layer;
wherein said active layer comprises micronized fenofibrate, a surfactant and a binding cellulose derivative; and wherein the binding cellulose derivative is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
31. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 30, wherein the fenofibric acid AUCinf achieved when administered to a fed human patient is no more than about 25% greater than the fenofibric acid AUCinf achieved when administered to a fasted human patient.
32. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the fenofibric acid Tmax achieved when administered to a fed human patient is about 5 hours, or less, and wherein the fenofibric acid Tmax achieved when administered to a fasted human patient is about 5 hours, or less.
33. A pharmaceutical composition in the form of granules comprising:
an active layer and hydrosoluble layer surrounding said active layer, wherein said active layer comprises micronized fenofibrate, a surfactant and a binding cellulose derivative; and wherein the binding cellulose derivative is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
34. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 33, wherein the fenofibric acid Cmax and AUCinf achieved when administered to a fed human patient are no more than about 100% greater and about 25% greater than the fenofibric acid Cmax and AUCinf achieved when administered to a fasted human patient, respectively, and wherein the fenofibric acid Tmax achieved when administered to a fed or fasted human patient is from about 4 hours to about 5 hours.
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