US20080026457A1 - Ungulates with genetically modified immune systems - Google Patents

Ungulates with genetically modified immune systems Download PDF

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US20080026457A1
US20080026457A1 US11/789,961 US78996107A US2008026457A1 US 20080026457 A1 US20080026457 A1 US 20080026457A1 US 78996107 A US78996107 A US 78996107A US 2008026457 A1 US2008026457 A1 US 2008026457A1
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immunoglobulin
seq
light chain
gene
human
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Kevin Wells
David Ayares
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Revivicor Inc
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Revivicor Inc
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Priority claimed from US11/257,817 external-priority patent/US20060130157A1/en
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Publication of US20080026457A1 publication Critical patent/US20080026457A1/en
Assigned to REVIVICOR, INC. reassignment REVIVICOR, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AYARES, DAVID, WELLS, KEVIN
Priority to US12/433,477 priority patent/US9585374B2/en
Priority to US15/430,583 priority patent/US20170183685A1/en
Priority to US16/291,583 priority patent/US11085054B2/en
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Definitions

  • the present invention provides ungulate animals, tissue and organs as well as cells and cell lines derived from such animals, tissue and organs, which lack expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulin loci.
  • the present invention also provides ungulate animals, tissue and organs as well as cells and cell lines derived from such animals, tissue and organs, which express xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin loci.
  • the present invention further provides ungulate, such as porcine genomic DNA sequence of porcine heavy and light chain immunogobulins.
  • Such animals, tissues, organs and cells can be used in research and medical therapy.
  • methods are provided to prepare such animals, organs, tissues, and cells.
  • An antigen is an agent or substance that can be recognized by the body as ‘foreign’. Often it is only one relatively small chemical group of a larger foreign substance which acts as the antigen, for example a component of the cell wall of a bacterium. Most antigens are proteins, though carbohydrates can act as weak antigens. Bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms commonly contain many antigens, as do pollens, dust mites, molds, foods, and other substances. The body reacts to antigens by making antibodies. Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins (Igs)) are proteins that are manufactured by cells of the immune system that bind to an antigen or foreign protein.
  • Igs immunoglobulins
  • Antibodies circulate in the serum of blood to detect foreign antigens and constitute the gamma globulin part of the blood proteins. These antibodies interact chemically with the antigen in a highly specific manner, like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, forming an antigen/antibody complex, or immune complex. This binding neutralizes or brings about the destruction of the antigen.
  • the progeny lymphocytes include not only effector cells (antibody producing cells) but also clones of memory cells, which retain the capacity to produce both effector and memory cells upon subsequent stimulation by the original antigen.
  • the effector cells live for only a few days.
  • the memory cells live for a lifetime and can be reactivated by a second stimulation with the same antigen.
  • polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify molecules carrying that epitope or can be directed, by themselves or in conjunction with another moiety, to a specific site for diagnosis or therapy.
  • Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies can be generated against practically any pathogen or biological target.
  • polyclonal antibody refers to immune sera that usually contain pathogen-specific antibodies of various isotypes and specificities.
  • monoclonal antibodies consist of a single immunoglobulin type, representing one isotype with one specificity.
  • Shibasaburo Kitazato and Emil Behring conducted the fundamental experiment that demonstrated immunity can be transmitted from one animal to another by transferring the serum from an immune animal to a non-immune animal.
  • This landmark experiment laid the foundation for the introduction of passive immunization into clinical practice.
  • wide scale serum therapy was largely abandoned in the 1940s because of the toxicity associated with the administration of heterologous sera and the introduction of effective antimicrobial chemotherapy.
  • Vaccination can reduce the susceptibility of a population against specific threats; provided that a safe vaccine exists that can induce a protective response.
  • inducing a protective response by vaccination may take longer than the time between exposure and onset of disease.
  • many vaccines require multiple doses to achieve a protective immune response, which would limit their usefulness in an emergency to provide rapid prophylaxis after an attack.
  • not all vaccine recipients mount a protective response, even after receiving the recommended immunization schedule.
  • Drugs can provide protection when administered after exposure to certain agents, but none are available against many potential agents of biological warfare.
  • no small-molecule drugs are available that prevent disease following exposure to preformed toxins.
  • the only currently available intervention that could provide a state of immediate immunity is passive immunization with protective antibody (Arturo Casadevall “Passive Antibody Administration (Immediate Immunity) as a Specific Defense against Biological Weapons” from Emerging Infectious Diseases, Posted Sep. 12, 2002).
  • Recent advances in the technology of antibody production provide the means to generate human antibody reagents, while avoiding the toxicities associated with human serum therapy.
  • the advantages of antibody-based therapies include versatility, low toxicity, pathogen specificity, enhancement of immune function, and favorable pharmacokinetics.
  • monoclonal antibodies have now been approved as therapies in transplantation, cancer, infectious disease, cardiovascular disease and inflammation. In many more monoclonal antibodies are in late stage clinical trials to treat a broad range of disease indications. As a result, monoclonal antibodies represent one of the largest classes of drugs currently in development.
  • monoclonal antibodies As therapeutics, there are some obstacles for their use. For example, many therapeutic applications for monoclonal antibodies require repeated administrations, especially for chronic diseases such as autoimmunity or cancer. Because mice are convenient for immunization and recognize most human antigens as foreign, monoclonal antibodies against human targets with therapeutic potential have typically been of murine origin. However, murine monoclonal antibodies have inherent disadvantages as human therapeutics. For example, they require more frequent dosing to maintain a therapeutic level of monoclonal antibodies because of a shorter circulating half-life in humans than human antibodies.
  • murine immunoglobulin creates the likelihood that the human immune system will recognize the mouse protein as foreign, generating a human anti-mouse antibody response, which can cause a severe allergic reaction.
  • This possibility of reduced efficacy and safety has lead to the development of a number of technologies for reducing the immunogenicity of murine monoclonal antibodies.
  • Polyclonal antibodies are highly potent against multiple antigenic targets. They have the unique ability to target and kill a plurality of “evolving targets” linked with complex diseases. Also, of all drug classes, polyclonals have the highest probability of retaining activity in the event of antigen mutation. In addition, while monoclonals have limited therapeutic activity against infectious agents, polyclonals can both neutralize toxins and direct immune responses to eliminate pathogens, as well as biological warfare agents.
  • Antibody molecules are assembled from combinations of variable gene elements, and the possibilities resulting from combining the many variable gene elements in the germline enable the host to synthesize antibodies to an extraordinarily large number of antigens.
  • Each antibody molecule consists of two classes of polypeptide chains, light (L) chains (that can be either kappa ( ⁇ ) L-chain or lambda ( ⁇ ) L-chain) and heavy (H) chains. The heavy and light chains join together to define a binding region for the epitope.
  • a single antibody molecule has two identical copies of the L chain and two of the H chain.
  • Each of the chains is comprised of a variable region (V) and a constant region (C).
  • the variable region constitutes the antigen-binding site of the molecule.
  • the constant region amino acid sequence is specific for a particular isotype of the antibody, as well as the host which produces the antibody, and thus does not undergo rearrangement.
  • the mechanism of DNA rearrangement is similar for the variable region of both the heavy- and light-chain loci, although only one joining event is needed to generate a light-chain gene whereas two are needed to generate a complete heavy-chain gene.
  • the most common mode of rearrangement involves the looping-out and deletion of the DNA between two gene segments. This occurs when the coding sequences of the two gene segments are in the same orientation in the DNA.
  • a second mode of recombination can occur between two gene segments that have opposite transcriptional orientations. This mode of recombination is less common, although such rearrangements can account for up to half of all V ⁇ to J ⁇ joins; the transcriptional orientation of half of the human V ⁇ gene segments is opposite to that of the J ⁇ gene segments.
  • the DNA sequence encoding a complete V region is generated by the somatic recombination of separate gene segments.
  • the V region, or V domain, of an immunoglobulin heavy or light chain is encoded by more than one gene segment.
  • the V domain is encoded by two separate DNA segments.
  • the first segment encodes the first 95-101 amino acids of the light chain and is termed a V gene segment because it encodes most of the V domain.
  • the second segment encodes the remainder of the V domain (up to 13 amino acids) and is termed a joining or J gene segment.
  • the joining of a V and a J gene segment creates a continuous exon that encodes the whole of the light-chain V region.
  • the V-region exon is joined to the C-region sequence by RNA splicing after transcription.
  • a heavy-chain V region is encoded in three gene segments.
  • V and J gene segments denoted V H and J H to distinguish them from the light-chain V L and J L
  • D H gene segment a third gene segment which lies between the V H and J H gene segments.
  • the process of recombination that generates a complete heavy-chain V region occurs in two separate stages. In the first, a D H gene segment is joined to a J H gene segment; then a V H gene segment rearranges to DJ H to make a complete V H -region exon.
  • RNA splicing joins the assembled V-region sequence to the neighboring C-region gene.
  • V(D)J recombination primarily by rearrangement (“V(D)J recombination”) of Ig V, D and J gene segments in precursor B cells resident in the bone marrow, and then by somatic mutation and class switch recombination of these rearranged Ig genes when mature B cells are activated.
  • Immunoglobulin somatic mutation and class switching are central to the maturation of the immune response and the generation of a “memory” response.
  • the genomic loci of antibodies are very large and they are located on different chromosomes.
  • the immunoglobulin gene segments are organized into three clusters or genetic loci: the ⁇ , ⁇ , and heavy-chain loci. Each is organized slightly differently.
  • immunoglobulin genes are organized as follows.
  • the ⁇ light-chain locus is located on chromosome 22 and a cluster of V ⁇ gene segments is followed by four sets of J ⁇ gene segments each linked to a single C ⁇ gene.
  • the ⁇ light-chain locus is on chromosome 2 and the cluster of V ⁇ , gene segments is followed by a cluster of J ⁇ gene segments, and then by a single C ⁇ gene.
  • the heavy-chain locus differs in one important way: instead of a single C-region, it contains a series of C regions arrayed one after the other, each of which corresponds to a different isotype.
  • a cell expresses only one at a time, beginning with IgM.
  • the expression of other isotypes, such as IgG can occur through isotype switching.
  • V, D and J genes are entirely random events that results in approximately 50,000 different possible combinations for VDJ(H) and approximately 1,000 for VJ(L). Subsequent random pairing of H and L chains brings the total number of antibody specificities to about 10 7 possibilities. Diversity is further increased by the imprecise joining of different genetic segments. Rearrangements occur on both DNA strands, but only one strand is transcribed (due to allelic exclusion). Only one rearrangement occurs in the life of a B cell because of irreversible deletions in DNA. Consequently, each mature B cell maintains one immunologic specificity and is maintained in the progeny or clone.
  • each antigenic determinant triggers the response of the pre-existing clone of B lymphocytes bearing the specific receptor molecule.
  • the primary repertoire of B cells which is established by V(D)J recombination, is primarily controlled by two closely linked genes, recombination activating gene (RAG)-1 and RAG-2.
  • Swine have at least six IgG subclasses (Kacskovics, I et al. 1994 J Immunol 153:3565), but no IgD (Butler et al. 1996 Inter. Immunol 8:1897-1904).
  • a gene encoding IgD has only been described in rodents and primates. Diversity in the mechanism of repertoire development is exemplified by contrasting the pattern seen in rodents and primates with that reported for chickens, rabbits, swine and the domesticated Bovidae. Whereas the former group have a large number of V H genes belonging to seven to 10 families (Rathbun, G. In Hongo, T. Alt. F. W. and Rabbitts, T.
  • V H genes of each member of the latter group belong to a single V H gene family (Sun, J. et al. 1994 J. Immunol. 1553:56118; Dufour, V et al. 1996 , J Immunol. 156:2163). With the exception of the rabbit, this family is composed of less than 25 genes. Whereas rodents and primates can utilize four to six J H segments, only a single J H is available for repertoire development in the chicken (Reynaud et al. 1989 Adv. Immunol. 57:353). Similarly, Butler et al. (1996 Inter.
  • Gene conversion is important for antibody diversification in some higher vertebrates, such as chickens, rabbits and cows. In mice, however, conversion events appear to be infrequent among endogenous antibody genes. Gene conversion is a distinct diversifying mechanism characterized by transfers of homologous sequences from a donor antibody V gene segment to an acceptor V gene segment. If donor and acceptor segments have numerous sequence differences then gene conversion can introduce a set of sequence changes into a V region by a single event. Depending on the species, gene conversion events can occur before and/or after antigen exposure during B cell differentiation (Tsai et al. International Immunology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 55-64, January 2002).
  • Somatic hypermutation achieves diversification of antibody genes in all higher vertebrate species. It is typified by the introduction of single point mutations into antibody V(D)J segments. Generally, hypermutation appears to be activated in B cells by antigenic stimulation.
  • mice have been constructed which have had their own immunoglobulin genes functionally replaced with human immunoglobulin genes so that they produce human antibodies upon immunization. Elimination of mouse antibody production was achieved by inactivation of mouse Ig genes in embryonic stem (ES) cells by using gene-targeting technology to delete crucial cis-acting sequences involved in the process of mouse Ig gene rearrangement and expression. B cell development in these mutant mice could be restored by the introduction of megabase-sized YACs containing a human germline-configuration H- and ⁇ L-chain minilocus transgene.
  • ES embryonic stem
  • mice The expression of fully human antibody in these transgenic mice was predominant, at a level of several 100 ⁇ g/l of blood. This level of expression is several hundred-fold higher than that detected in wild-type mice expressing the human Ig gene, indicating the importance of inactivating the endogenous mouse Ig genes in order to enhance human antibody production by mice.
  • the first humanization attempts utilized molecular biology techniques to construct recombinant antibodies. For example, the complementarity determining regions (CDR) from a mouse antibody specific for a hapten were grafted onto a human antibody framework, effecting a CDR replacement. The new antibody retained the binding specificity conveyed by the CDR sequences (P. T. Jones et al. Nature 321: 522-525 (1986)).
  • CDR complementarity determining regions
  • the next level of humanization involved combining an entire mouse VH region with a human constant region such as gamma 1 (S. L. Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 81, pp. 6851-6855 (1984)).
  • Gene targeting was used to inactivate the murine IgH & kappa light chain immunoglobulin gene loci and such knockout strains were bred with the above transgenic strains to generate a line of mice having the human V, D, J, C ⁇ , C ⁇ and C ⁇ 2 constant regions as well as the human V ⁇ , J ⁇ and C ⁇ region genes all on an inactivated murine immunoglobulin background (See, for example, PCT patent application WO 94/02602 to Kucherlapati et al.; see also Mendez et al., Nature Genetics 15:146-156 (1997)).
  • Yeast artificial chromosomes as cloning vectors in combination with gene targeting of endogenous loci and breeding of transgenic mouse strains provided one solution to the problem of antibody diversity.
  • YACs can be used to transfer hundreds of kilobases of DNA into a host cell. Therefore, use of YAC cloning vehicles allows inclusion of substantial portions of the entire human Ig heavy and light chain regions into a transgenic mouse thus approaching the level of potential diversity available in the human.
  • Another advantage of this approach is that the large number of V genes has been shown to restore full B cell development in mice deficient in murine immunoglobulin production.
  • mice are provided with the requisite cells for mounting a robust human antibody response to any given immunogen.
  • a further advantage is that sequences can be deleted or inserted onto the YAC by utilizing high frequency homologous recombination in yeast. This provides for facile engineering of the YAC transgenes.
  • Green et al. Nature Genetics 7:13-21 (1994) describe the generation of YACs containing 245 kb and 190 kb-sized germline configuration fragments of the human heavy chain locus and kappa light chain locus, respectively, which contained core variable and constant region sequences.
  • the work of Green et al. was recently extended to the introduction of greater than approximately 80% of the human antibody repertoire through introduction of megabase sized, germline configuration YAC fragments of the human heavy chain loci and kappa light chain loci, respectively, to produce XenoMouseTM mice. See, for example, Mendez et al. Nature Genetics 15:146-156 (1997), Green and Jakobovits J. Exp. Med. 188:483-495 (1998), European Patent No. EP 0 463 151 B1, PCT Publication Nos. WO 94/02602, WO 96/34096 and WO 98/24893.
  • V H genes one or more V H genes, one or more D H genes, one or more J H genes, a mu constant region, and a second constant region (such as a gamma constant region) are formed into a construct for insertion into an animal.
  • a second constant region such as a gamma constant region
  • mice In the microcell fusion approach, portions or whole human chromosomes can be introduced into mice (see, for example, European Patent Application No. EP 0 843 961 A1). Mice generated using this approach and containing the human Ig heavy chain locus will generally possess more than one, and potentially all, of the human constant region genes. Such mice will produce, therefore, antibodies that bind to particular antigens having a number of different constant regions.
  • mice While mice remain the most developed animal for the expression of human immunoglobulins in humans, recent technological advances have allowed for progress to begin in applying these techniques to other animals, such as cows.
  • the general approach in mice has been to genetically modify embryonic stem cells of mice to knock-out murine immunoglobulins and then insert YACs containing human immunoglobulins into the ES cells.
  • ES cells are not available for cows or other large animals such as sheep and pigs.
  • the alternative to ES cell manipulation to create genetically modified animals is cloning using somatic cells that have been genetically modified. Cloning using genetically modified somatic cells for nuclear transfer has only recently been accomplished.
  • the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus has been mapped (Zhao et al. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. 278:35024-32) and the cDNA sequence for the bovine kappa gene is known (See, for example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0037347). Further, approximately 4.6 kb of the bovine mu heavy chain locus has been sequenced and transgenic calves with decreased expression of heavy chain immunoglobulins have been created by disrupting one or both alleles of the bovine mu heavy chain.
  • MAC mammalian artificial chromosome
  • the present invention provides for the first time ungulate immunoglobin germline gene sequence arrangement as well as novel genomic sequences thereof.
  • novel ungulate cells, tissues and animals that lack at least one allele of a heavy or light chain immunoglobulin gene are provided. Based on this discovery, ungulates can be produced that completely lack at least one allele of a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • these ungulates can be further modified to express xenoogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof.
  • a transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins.
  • the ungulate can lack any expression of endogenous heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulins.
  • the light chain immunoglobulin can be a kappa and/or lambda immunoglobulin.
  • transgenic ungulates are provided that lack expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof.
  • the expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be accomplished by genetic targeting of the endogenous immunoglobulin loci to prevent expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the genetic targeting can be accomplished via homologous recombination.
  • the transgenic ungulate can be produced via nuclear transfer.
  • the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci.
  • porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus.
  • the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • transgenic ungulates that expresses a xenogenous immunoglobulin loci or fragment thereof, wherein the immunoglobulin can be expressed from an immunoglobulin locus that is integrated within an endogenous ungulate chromosome.
  • ungulate cells derived from the transgenic animals are provided.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited by offspring.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited through the male germ line by offspring.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • novel genomic sequences encoding the heavy chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding porcine heavy chain is provided that includes at least one variable region, two diversity regions, at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 29.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that includes at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 4.
  • nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 1. Still further, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in the 3′ region of Seq ID No 4. In further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are also provided.
  • nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. In one embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains at least 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No 4 or residues 1-9,070 of Seq ID No 29. In another embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains residues 9,070-11039 of Seq ID No 29. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • novel genomic sequences encoding the kappa light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided.
  • the present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate kappa light chain regions.
  • nucleic acid sequence is provided that encodes the porcine kappa light chain locus.
  • the nucleic acid sequence can contain at least one joining region, one constant region and/or one enhancer region of kappa light chain.
  • the nucleotide sequence can include at least five joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 30.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four or five joining regions and 3′ flanking sequence to the joining region of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 12.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence of porcine genomic kappa light chain is provided that contains 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 25.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains 3′ flanking sequence to the constant region and, optionally, the 5′ portion of the enhancer region, of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID Nos. 15, 16 and/or 19.
  • isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • novel genomic sequences encoding the lambda light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided.
  • the present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate lambda light chain regions.
  • the porcine lambda light chain nucleotides include a concatamer of J to C units.
  • an isolated porcine lambda nucleotide sequence is provided, such as that depicted in Seq ID No. 28.
  • a nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first lambda J/C unit of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented by Seq ID No 32.
  • nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C, such as that represented by Seq ID No 33.
  • nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented by Seq ID No 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and/or 39.
  • nucleic acid sequences are provided that encode bovine lambda light chain locus, which can include at least one joining region-constant region pair and/or at least one variable region, for example, as represented by Seq ID No. 31.
  • isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided.
  • Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are also provided.
  • nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • nucleic acid targeting vector constructs are also provided.
  • the targeting vectors can be designed to accomplish homologous recombination in cells. These targeting vectors can be transformed into mammalian cells to target the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genes via homologous recombination.
  • the targeting vectors can contain a 3′ recombination arm and a 5′ recombination arm (i.e. flanking sequence) that is homologous to the genomic sequence of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, sequence represented by Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • the homologous DNA sequence can include at least 15 bp, 20 bp, 25 bp, 50 bp, 100 bp, 500 bp, 1 kbp, 2 kbp, 4 kbp, 5 kbp, 10 kbp, 15 kbp, 20 kbp, or 50 kbp of sequence homologous to the genomic sequence.
  • the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms of the targeting vector can be designed such that they flank the 5′ and 3′ ends of at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence.
  • the targeting of a functional region can render it inactive, which results in the inability of the cell to produce functional immunoglobulin molecules.
  • the homologous DNA sequence can include one or more intron and/or exon sequences.
  • the expression vector can contain selectable marker sequences, such as, for example, enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) gene sequences, initiation and/or enhancer sequences, poly A-tail sequences, and/or nucleic acid sequences that provide for the expression of the construct in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells.
  • selectable marker can be located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arm sequence.
  • the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the J6 region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Since the J6 region is the only functional joining region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin.
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the J6 region, including J1-4, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the J6 region, including the mu constant region (a “J6 targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 1 .
  • this J6 targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No 5 and FIG. 1 .
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the diversity region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the diversity region of the porcine heavy chain locus.
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the mu constant region and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the mu constant region of the porcine heavy chain locus.
  • the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus. Since the present invention discovered that there is only one constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin.
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the constant region, optionally including the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, optionally including at least part of the enhancer region (a “Kappa constant targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 2 .
  • this kappa constant targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No 20 and FIG. 2 .
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the joining region of the porcine kappa light chain locus.
  • the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the J/C region of the porcine lambda light chain. See FIG. 3 . Disruption of the J/C region will prevent the expression of a functional porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin.
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the first J/C unit and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the last J/C unit.
  • this lambda light chain targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example FIG. 4 .
  • more than one targeting vector can be used to target the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genes via homologous recombination.
  • two targeting vectors can be used to target the gene of interest.
  • a first targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 5′ flanking sequence of at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence.
  • a second targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ flanking sequence at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence.
  • the first targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 5′ flanking sequence of the first J/C unit in the J/C cluster region. See FIG. 5 .
  • a second targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ flanking sequence of the last J/C unit in the J/C cluster region. See FIG. 6 .
  • primers are provided to generate 3′ and 5′ sequences of a targeting vector.
  • the oligonucleotide primers can be capable of hybridizing to porcine immunoglobulin genomic sequence, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • the primers hybridize under stringent conditions to Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • Another embodiment provides oligonucleotide probes capable of hybridizing to porcine heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain nucleic acid sequences, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • the polynucleotide primers or probes can have at least 14 bases, 20 bases, 30 bases, or 50 bases which hybridize to a polynucleotide of the present invention.
  • the probe or primer can be at least 14 nucleotides in length, and in a particular embodiment, are at least 15, 20, 25, 28, or 30 nucleotides in length.
  • primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig heavy-chain that includes the functional joining region (the J6 region).
  • the amplified fragment of heavy chain can be represented by Seq ID No 4 and the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 2, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to a portion of Ig heavy-chain mu constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 3, to produce the 3′ recombination arm.
  • regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 4) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the constant region.
  • primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the J region.
  • the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 21 or 10, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 14, 24 or 18, to produce the 3′ recombination arm.
  • regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 20) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • ungulate cells lacking at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein are provided. These cells can be obtained as a result of homologous recombination. Particularly, by inactivating at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene, cells can be produced which have reduced capability for expression of ungulate antibodies.
  • mammalian cells lacking both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein.
  • porcine animals are provided in which at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene is inactivated via a genetic targeting event produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein.
  • porcine animals are provided in which both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene are inactivated via a genetic targeting event. The gene can be targeted via homologous recombination.
  • the gene can be disrupted, i.e. a portion of the genetic code can be altered, thereby affecting transcription and/or translation of that segment of the gene.
  • disruption of a gene can occur through substitution, deletion (“knock-out”) or insertion (“knock-in”) techniques. Additional genes for a desired protein or regulatory sequence that modulate transcription of an existing sequence can be inserted.
  • cells can be modified sequentially to contain multiple genetic modifications.
  • animals can be bred together to produce animals that contain multiple genetic modifications of immunoglobulin genes.
  • animals that lack expression of at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain gene can be further genetically modified or bred with animals lacking at least one allele of a kappa light chain gene.
  • alleles of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene are rendered inactive according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, such that functional ungulate immunoglobulins can no longer be produced.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed into RNA, but not translated into protein.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed in an inactive truncated form. Such a truncated RNA may either not be translated or can be translated into a nonfunctional protein.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be inactivated in such a way that no transcription of the gene occurs.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed and then translated into a nonfunctional protein.
  • ungulate such as porcine or bovine, cells lacking one allele, optionally both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be used as donor cells for nuclear transfer into recipient cells to produce cloned, transgenic animals.
  • ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene knockouts can be created in embryonic stem cells, which are then used to produce offspring.
  • Offspring lacking a single allele of a functional ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein can be breed to further produce offspring lacking functionality in both alleles through mendelian type inheritance.
  • a method is provided to disrupt the expression of an ungulate immunoglobulin gene by (i) analyzing the germline configuration of the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic locus; (ii) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 5′ end and the 3′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; and (iii) transfecting a targeting construct containing the flanking sequence into a cell wherein, upon successful homologous recombination, at least one functional region of the immunoglobulin locus is disrupted thereby reducing or preventing the expression of the immunoglobulin gene.
  • the germline configuration of the porcine heavy chain locus is provided.
  • the porcine heavy chain locus contains at least four variable regions, two diversity regions, six joining regions and five constant regions, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 1 . In a specific embodiment, only one of the six joining regions, J6, is functional.
  • the germline configuration of the porcine kappa light chain locus is provided.
  • the porcine kappa light chain locus contains at least six variable regions, six joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the germline configuration of the porcine lambda light chain locus is provided.
  • the porcine lambda light chain locus contains a variable region and the J/C region. See FIG. 3 .
  • a method is provided to disrupt the expression of an ungulate lambda light chain locus by (i) analyzing the germline configuration of the ungulate lambda light chain genomic locus; (ii) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 5′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; (ii) constructing a 5′ targeting construct; (iv) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 3′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; (v) constructing a 3′ targeting construct; (vi) transfecting both the 5′ and the 3′ targeting constructs into a cell wherein, upon successful homologous recombination of each targeting construct, at least one functional region of the immunoglobulin locus is disrupted thereby reducing or preventing the expression of the immunoglobulin gene. See FIGS. 5 and 6 .
  • the germline configuration of the porcine lambda light chain locus is provided.
  • the porcine lambda light chain locus contains a variable region and a J/C region. See FIG. 3 .
  • ungulates and ungulate cells that lack at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the processes, sequences and/or constructs described herein, which are further modified to express at least part of a human antibody (i.e. immunoglobulin (Ig)) locus.
  • a human antibody i.e. immunoglobulin (Ig)
  • porcine animals are provided that express xenogenous immunoglobulin. This human locus can undergo rearrangement and express a diverse population of human antibody molecules in the ungulate.
  • ACs artificial chromosomes
  • YACS yeast or mammalian artificial chromosomes
  • MACS mammalian artificial chromosomes
  • ungulates and ungulate cells are provided that contain either part or all of at least one human antibody gene locus, which undergoes rearrangement and expresses a diverse population of human antibody molecules.
  • methods of producing xenogenous antibodies can include: (a) administering one or more antigens of interest to an ungulate whose cells comprise one or more artificial chromosomes and lack any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulin, each artificial chromosome comprising one or more xenogenous immunoglobulin loci that undergo rearrangement, resulting in production of xenogenous antibodies against the one or more antigens; and/or (b) recovering the xenogenous antibodies from the ungulate.
  • the immunoglobulin loci can undergo rearrangement in a B cell.
  • an ungulate such as a pig or a cow
  • a pig or a cow can be prepared by a method in accordance with any aspect of the present invention.
  • These cloned, transgenic ungulates e.g., porcine and bovine animals
  • transgenic animals produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein that produce polyclonal human antibodies in the bloodstream can be used to produce an array of different antibodies which are specific to a desired antigen.
  • the availability of large quantities of polyclonal antibodies can also be used for treatment and prophylaxis of infectious disease, vaccination against biological warfare agents, modulation of the immune system, removal of undesired human cells such as cancer cells, and modulation of specific human molecules.
  • animals or cells lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin can contain additional genetic modifications to eliminate the expression of xenoantigens.
  • Such animals can be modified to eliminate the expression of at least one allele of the alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene, the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase gene (see, for example, U.S. Ser. No. 10/863,116), the iGb3 synthase gene (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application 60/517,524), and/or the Forssman synthase gene (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application 60/568,922).
  • the animals discloses herein can also contain genetic modifications to express fucosyltransferase and/or sialyltransferase.
  • cells can be modified to contain multiple genetic modifications.
  • animals can be bred together to achieve multiple genetic modifications.
  • animals, such as pigs, lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein can be bred with animals, such as pigs, lacking expression of alpha-1,3-galactosyl transferase (for example, as described in WO 04/028243).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the design of a targeting vector that disrupts the expression of the joining region of the porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the design of a targeting vector that disrupts the expression of the constant region of the porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the genomic organization of the porcine lambda immunoglobulin locus, including a concatamer of J-C sequences or units as well as flanking regions that include the variable region 5′ to the JC cluster region.
  • Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC1 and BAC2) represent fragments of the porcine immunoglobulin genome that can be obtained from BAC libraries.
  • FIG. 4 represents the design of a targeting vector that disrupts the expression of the JC cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • SM stands for a selectable marker gene, which can be used in the targeting vector.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a targeting strategy to insert a site specific recombinase target or recognition site into the region 5′ of the JC cluster region of the porcine lambda immunoglobulin locus.
  • SM stands for a selectable marker gene, which can be used in the targeting vector.
  • SSRRS stands for a specific recombinase target or recognition site.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a targeting strategy to insert a site specific recombinase target or recognition site into the region 3′ of the JC cluster region of the porcine lambda immunoglobulin locus.
  • SM stands for a selectable marker gene, which can be used in the targeting vector.
  • SSRRS stands for a specific recombinase target or recognition site.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the site specific recombinase mediated transfer of a YAC into a host genome.
  • SSRRS stands for a specific recombinase target or recognition site.
  • the present invention provides for the first time ungulate immunoglobin germline gene sequence arrangement as well as novel genomic sequences thereof.
  • novel ungulate cells, tissues and animals that lack at least one allele of a heavy or light chain immunoglobulin gene are provided. Based on this discovery, ungulates can be produced that completely lack at least one allele of a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • these ungulates can be further modified to express xenoogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof.
  • a transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins.
  • the ungulate can lack any expression of endogenous heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulins.
  • the light chain immunoglobulin can be a kappa and/or lambda immunoglobulin.
  • transgenic ungulates are provided that lack expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof.
  • the expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be accomplished by genetic targeting of the endogenous immunoglobulin loci to prevent expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the genetic targeting can be accomplished via homologous recombination.
  • the transgenic ungulate can be produced via nuclear transfer.
  • the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci.
  • porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus.
  • the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • transgenic ungulates that expresses a xenogenous immunoglobulin loci or fragment thereof, wherein the immunoglobulin can be expressed from an immunoglobulin locus that is integrated within an endogenous ungulate chromosome.
  • ungulate cells derived from the transgenic animals are provided.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited by offspring.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited through the male germ line by offspring.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • DNA cloning refers to the process of transferring a DNA sequence into a cell or organism.
  • the transfer of a DNA fragment can be from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element (e.g., bacterial plasmid) that permits a copy of any specific part of a DNA (or RNA) sequence to be selected among many others and produced in an unlimited amount.
  • Plasmids and other types of cloning vectors such as artificial chromosomes can be used to copy genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate enough identical material for further study.
  • cloning vectors include viruses, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes (e.g., bacteria artificial chromosomes (BACs) or yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)).
  • BACs bacteria artificial chromosomes
  • YACs yeast artificial chromosomes
  • Codons are artificially constructed cloning vectors that carry up to 45 kb of foreign DNA. They can be packaged in lambda phage particles for infection into E. coli cells.
  • mammal as in “genetically modified (or altered) mammal” is meant to include any non-human mammal, including but not limited to pigs, sheep, goats, cattle (bovine), deer, mules, horses, monkeys, dogs, cats, rats, mice, birds, chickens, reptiles, fish, and insects.
  • genetically altered pigs and methods of production thereof are provided.
  • ungulate refers to hoofed mammals. Artiodactyls are even-toed (cloven-hooved) ungulates, including antelopes, camels, cows, deer, goats, pigs, and sheep. Perissodactyls are odd toes ungulates, which include horses, zebras, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. The term ungulate as used herein refers to an adult, embryonic or fetal ungulate animal.
  • porcine As used herein, the terms “porcine”, “porcine animal”, “pig” and “swine” are generic terms referring to the same type of animal without regard to gender, size, or breed.
  • a “homologous DNA sequence or homologous DNA” is a DNA sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% identical with a reference DNA sequence.
  • a homologous sequence hybridizes under stringent conditions to the target sequence, stringent hybridization conditions include those that will allow hybridization occur if there is at least 85, at least 95% or 98% identity between the sequences.
  • an “isogenic or substantially isogenic DNA sequence” is a DNA sequence that is identical to or nearly identical to a reference DNA sequence.
  • the term “substantially isogenic” refers to DNA that is at least about 97-99% identical with the reference DNA sequence, or at least about 99.5-99.9% identical with the reference DNA sequence, and in certain uses 100% identical with the reference DNA sequence.
  • Homologous recombination refers to the process of DNA recombination based on sequence homology.
  • Gene targeting refers to homologous recombination between two DNA sequences, one of which is located on a chromosome and the other of which is not.
  • Non-homologous or random integration refers to any process by which DNA is integrated into the genome that does not involve homologous recombination.
  • a “selectable marker gene” is a gene, the expression of which allows cells containing the gene to be identified.
  • a selectable marker can be one that allows a cell to proliferate on a medium that prevents or slows the growth of cells without the gene. Examples include antibiotic resistance genes and genes which allow an organism to grow on a selected metabolite.
  • the gene can facilitate visual screening of transformants by conferring on cells a phenotype that is easily identified. Such an identifiable phenotype can be, for example, the production of luminescence or the production of a colored compound, or the production of a detectable change in the medium surrounding the cell.
  • contiguous is used herein in its standard meaning, i.e., without interruption, or uninterrupted.
  • Stringent conditions refers to conditions that (1) employ low ionic strength and high temperature for washing, for example, 0.015 M NaCl/0.0015 M sodium citrate/0.1% SDS at 50° C., or (2) employ during hybridization a denaturing agent such as, for example, formamide.
  • a denaturing agent such as, for example, formamide.
  • One skilled in the art can determine and vary the stringency conditions appropriately to obtain a clear and detectable hybridization signal. For example, stringency can generally be reduced by increasing the salt content present during hybridization and washing, reducing the temperature, or a combination thereof. See, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, N.Y., (1989).
  • a transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins.
  • the ungulate can lack any expression of endogenous heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulins.
  • the light chain immunoglobulin can be a kappa and/or lambda immunoglobulin.
  • transgenic ungulates are provided that lack expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof.
  • the expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be accomplished by genetic targeting of the endogenous immunoglobulin loci to prevent expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the genetic targeting can be accomplished via homologous recombination.
  • the transgenic ungulate can be produced via nuclear transfer.
  • a method is provided to disrupt the expression of an ungulate immunoglobulin gene by (i) analyzing the germline configuration of the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic locus; (ii) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 5′ end and the 3′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; and (iii) transfecting a targeting construct containing the flanking sequence into a cell wherein, upon successful homologous recombination, at least one functional region of the immunoglobulin locus is disrupted thereby reducing or preventing the expression of the immunoglobulin gene.
  • the germline configuration of the porcine heavy chain locus is provided.
  • the porcine heavy chain locus contains at least four variable regions, two diversity regions, six joining regions and five constant regions, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • only one of the six joining regions, J6, is functional.
  • the germline configuration of the porcine kappa light chain locus is provided.
  • the porcine kappa light chain locus contains at least six variable regions, six joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the germline configuration of the porcine lambda light chain locus is provided.
  • nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to any one of Seq ID Nos 1-39 are also provided.
  • nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of any one of Seq ID Nos 1-39 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1-39, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • Homology or identity at the nucleotide or amino acid sequence level can be determined by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) analysis using the algorithm employed by the programs blastp, blastn, blastx, tblastn and tblastx (see, for example, Altschul, S. F. et al (1997) Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389-3402 and Karlin et al, (1900) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2264-2268) which are tailored for sequence similarity searching.
  • BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
  • the approach used by the BLAST program is to first consider similar segments, with and without gaps, between a query sequence and a database sequence, then to evaluate the statistical significance of all matches that are identified and finally to summarize only those matches which satisfy a preselected threshold of significance. See, for example, Altschul et al., (1994) (Nature Genetics 6, 119-129).
  • the search parameters for histogram, descriptions, alignments, expect i.e., the statistical significance threshold for reporting matches against database sequences
  • cutoff, matrix and filter low co M'plexity
  • the default scoring matrix used by blastp, blastx, tblastn, and tblastx is the BLOSUM62 matrix (Henikoff et al., (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10915-10919), which is recommended for query sequences over 85 in length (nucleotide bases or amino acids).
  • novel genomic sequences encoding the heavy chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding porcine heavy chain is provided that includes at least one variable region, two diversity regions, at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 29.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that includes at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 4.
  • nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 1. Still further, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in the 3′ region of Seq ID No 4.
  • isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are also provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. In one embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains at least 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No 4 or residues 1-9,070 of Seq ID No 29. In other embodiments, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 50, 100, 1,000, 2,500, 4,000, 4,500, 5,000, 7,000, 8,000, 8,500, 9,000, 10,000 or 15,000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No. 29 are provided. In another embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains residues 9,070-11039 of Seq ID No 29.
  • isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding porcine heavy chain includes at least one variable region, two diversity regions, at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 29.
  • Seq ID No. 29 the mu constant region
  • the Diversity region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1089-1099 (D(pseudo))
  • the Joining region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1887-3352 (for example: J(psuedo): 1887-1931, J(psuedo): 2364-2411, J(psuedo): 2756-2804, J (functional J): 3296-3352)
  • the recombination signals are represented, for example, by residues 3001-3261 (Nonamer), 3292-3298 (Heptamer)
  • the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 3353-9070 (J to C mu intron), 5522-8700 (Switch region), 9071-9388 (Mu Exon 1), 9389-9469 (Mu Intron A), 9470-9802 (Mu Exon 2), 9830-10069 (Mu Intron B), 10070-10387 (Mu Exon 3), 10388
  • novel genomic sequences encoding the kappa light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided.
  • the present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate kappa light chain regions.
  • nucleic acid sequence is provided that encodes the porcine kappa light chain locus.
  • the nucleic acid sequence can contain at least one joining region, one constant region and/or one enhancer region of kappa light chain.
  • the nucleotide sequence can include at least five joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 30.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four or five joining regions and 3′ flanking sequence to the joining region of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 12.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence of porcine genomic kappa light chain is provided that contains 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 25.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains 3′ flanking sequence to the constant region and, optionally, the 5′ portion of the enhancer region, of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID Nos. 15, 16 and/or 19.
  • isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided.
  • nucleotide sequences that contain at least 50, 100, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 7,000, 8,000, 8,500, 9,000, 10,000 or 15,000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No. 30 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding kappa light chain includes at least five joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 30.
  • the coding region of kappa light chain is represented, for example by residues 1-549 and 10026-10549, whereas the intronic sequence is represented, for example, by residues 550-10025
  • the Joining region of kappa light chain is represented, for example, by residues 5822-7207 (for example, J1:5822-5859, J2:6180-6218, J3:6486-6523, J4:6826-6863, J5:7170-7207)
  • the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 10026-10549 (C exon) and 10026-10354 (C coding), 10524-10529 (Poly(A) signal) and 11160-11264 (SINE element).
  • novel genomic sequences encoding the lambda light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided.
  • the present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate lambda light chain regions.
  • the porcine lambda light chain nucleotides include a concatamer of J to C units.
  • an isolated porcine lambda nucleotide sequence is provided, such as that depicted in Seq ID No. 28. See FIG. 3 for a diagram of the organization of the porcine lamba immunoglobulin locus.
  • nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first lambda J/C region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented by Seq ID No 32.
  • nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C, such as that represented by Seq ID No 33.
  • nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, approximately 11.8 kb downstream of the J/C cluster, near the enhancer (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 34), approximately 12 Kb downstream of lambda, including the enhancer region (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 35), approximately 17.6 Kb downstream of lambda (such as that represented by Seq ID No.
  • isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500 or 1,000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided.
  • nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto. Seq ID No.
  • nucleic acid sequences are provided that encode bovine lambda light chain locus, which can include at least one joining region-constant region pair and/or at least one variable region, for example, as represented by Seq ID No. 31.
  • bovine lambda C can be found at residues 993-1333
  • a J to C pair can be found at the complement of residues 33848-35628 where C is the complement of 33848-34328 and J is the complement of 35599-35628
  • V regions can be found at (or in the complement of) residues 10676-10728, 11092-11446, 15088-15381, 25239-25528, 29784-30228, and 51718-52357.
  • Genbank ACCESSION No. AC117274 Further provided are vectors and/or targeting constructs that contain all or part of Seq ID No. 31, for example at least 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 500000, 75000 or 100000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No. 31, as well as cells and animals that contain a disrupted bovine lambda gene.
  • primers are provided to generate 3′ and 5′ sequences of a targeting vector.
  • the oligonucleotide primers can be capable of hybridizing to porcine immunoglobulin genomic sequence, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • the primers hybridize under stringent conditions to Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • Another embodiment provides oligonucleotide probes capable of hybridizing to porcine heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain nucleic acid sequences, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • the polynucleotide primers or probes can have at least 14 bases, 20 bases, 30 bases, or 50 bases which hybridize to a polynucleotide of the present invention.
  • the probe or primer can be at least 14 nucleotides in length, and in a particular embodiment, are at least 15, 20, 25, 28, or 30 nucleotides in length.
  • primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig heavy-chain that includes the functional joining region (the J6 region).
  • the amplified fragment of heavy chain can be represented by Seq ID No 4 and the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 2, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to a portion of Ig heavy-chain mu constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 3, to produce the 3′ recombination arm.
  • regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 4) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the constant region.
  • primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the J region.
  • the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 21 or 10, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 14, 24 or 18, to produce the 3′ recombination arm.
  • regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 20) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • the present invention provides cells that have been genetically modified to inactivate immunoglobulin genes, for example, immunoglobulin genes described above.
  • Animal cells that can be genetically modified can be obtained from a variety of different organs and tissues such as, but not limited to, skin, mesenchyme, lung, pancreas, heart, intestine, stomach, bladder, blood vessels, kidney, urethra, reproductive organs, and a disaggregated preparation of a whole or part of an embryo, fetus, or adult animal.
  • cells can be selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, epithelial cells, fibroblast cells, neural cells, keratinocytes, hematopoietic cells, melanocytes, chondrocytes, lymphocytes (B and T), macrophages, monocytes, mononuclear cells, cardiac muscle cells, other muscle cells, granulosa cells, cumulus cells, epidermal cells, endothelial cells, Islets of Langerhans cells, blood cells, blood precursor cells, bone cells, bone precursor cells, neuronal stem cells, primordial stem cells, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, umbilical vein endothelial cells, aortic endothelial cells, microvascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, liver stellate cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes, neurons, Kupffer cells, smooth muscle cells, Schwann cells, and epithelial cells, erythrocytes,
  • embryonic stem cells can be used.
  • An embryonic stem cell line can be employed or embryonic stem cells can be obtained freshly from a host, such as a porcine animal.
  • the cells can be grown on an appropriate fibroblast-feeder layer or grown in the presence of leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF).
  • LIF leukemia inhibiting factor
  • the cells can be fibroblasts; in one specific embodiment, the cells can be fetal fibroblasts.
  • Fibroblast cells are a suitable somatic cell type because they can be obtained from developing fetuses and adult animals in large quantities. These cells can be easily propagated in vitro with a rapid doubling time and can be clonally propagated for use in gene targeting procedures.
  • immunoglobulin genes can be genetically targeted in cells through homologous recombination.
  • Homologous recombination permits site-specific modifications in endogenous genes and thus novel alterations can be engineered into the genome.
  • the incoming DNA interacts with and integrates into a site in the genome that contains a substantially homologous DNA sequence.
  • non-homologous (“random” or “illicit”) integration the incoming DNA is not found at a homologous sequence in the genome but integrates elsewhere, at one of a large number of potential locations.
  • studies with higher eukaryotic cells have revealed that the frequency of homologous recombination is far less than the frequency of random integration. The ratio of these frequencies has direct implications for “gene targeting” which depends on integration via homologous recombination (i.e. recombination between the exogenous “targeting DNA” and the corresponding “target DNA” in the genome).
  • the present invention can use homologous recombination to inactivate an immunoglobulin gene in cells, such as the cells described above.
  • the DNA can comprise at least a portion of the gene(s) at the particular locus with introduction of an alteration into at least one, optionally both copies, of the native gene(s), so as to prevent expression of functional immunoglobulin.
  • the alteration can be an insertion, deletion, replacement or combination thereof.
  • the cells having a single unmutated copy of the target gene are amplified and can be subjected to a second targeting step, where the alteration can be the same or different from the first alteration, usually different, and where a deletion, or replacement is involved, can be overlapping at least a portion of the alteration originally introduced.
  • a targeting vector with the same arms of homology, but containing a different mammalian selectable markers can be used.
  • the resulting transformants are screened for the absence of a functional target antigen and the DNA of the cell can be further screened to ensure the absence of a wild-type target gene.
  • homozygosity as to a phenotype can be achieved by breeding hosts heterozygous for the mutation.
  • nucleic acid targeting vector constructs are also provided.
  • the targeting vectors can be designed to accomplish homologous recombination in cells. These targeting vectors can be transformed into mammalian cells to target the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genes via homologous recombination.
  • the targeting vectors can contain a 3′ recombination arm and a 5′ recombination arm (i.e. flanking sequence) that is homologous to the genomic sequence of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, sequence represented by Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above.
  • the homologous DNA sequence can include at least 15 bp, 20 bp, 25 bp, 50 bp, 100 bp, 500 bp, 1 kbp, 2 kbp, 4 kbp, 5 kbp, 10 kbp, 15 kbp, 20 kbp, or 50 kbp of sequence, particularly contiguous sequence, homologous to the genomic sequence.
  • the 3′ and 5′ recombination arms can be designed such that they flank the 3′ and 5′ ends of at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence. The targeting of a functional region can render it inactive, which results in the inability of the cell to produce functional immunoglobulin molecules.
  • the homologous DNA sequence can include one or more intron and/or exon sequences.
  • the expression vector can contain selectable marker sequences, such as, for example, enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) gene sequences, initiation and/or enhancer sequences, poly A-tail sequences, and/or nucleic acid sequences that provide for the expression of the construct in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells.
  • the selectable marker can be located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arm sequence.
  • Modification of a targeted locus of a cell can be produced by introducing DNA into the cells, where the DNA has homology to the target locus and includes a marker gene, allowing for selection of cells comprising the integrated construct.
  • the homologous DNA in the target vector will recombine with the chromosomal DNA at the target locus.
  • the marker gene can be flanked on both sides by homologous DNA sequences, a 3′ recombination arm and a 5′ recombination arm.
  • constructs can be prepared for homologous recombination at a target locus.
  • the construct can include at least 50 bp, 100 bp, 500 bp, 1 kbp, 2 kbp, 4 kbp, 5 kbp, 10 kbp, 15 kbp, 20 kbp, or 50 kbp of sequence homologous with the target locus.
  • the sequence can include any contiguous sequence of an immunoglobulin gene.
  • target DNA sequences such as, for example, the size of the target locus, availability of sequences, relative efficiency of double cross-over events at the target locus and the similarity of the target sequence with other sequences.
  • the targeting DNA can include a sequence in which DNA substantially isogenic flanks the desired sequence modifications with a corresponding target sequence in the genome to be modified.
  • the substantially isogenic sequence can be at least about 95%, 97-98%, 99.0-99.5%, 99.6-99.9%, or 100% identical to the corresponding target sequence (except for the desired sequence modifications).
  • the targeting DNA and the target DNA can share stretches of DNA at least about 75, 150 or 500 base pairs that are 100% identical. Accordingly, targeting DNA can be derived from cells closely related to the cell line being targeted; or the targeting DNA can be derived from cells of the same cell line or animal as the cells being targeted.
  • targeting vectors are provided to target the porcine heavy chain locus.
  • the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the J6 region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Since the J6 region is the only functional joining region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin.
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the J6 region, optionally including J1-4 and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the J6 region, including the mu constant region (a “J6 targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 1 .
  • this J6 targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No S and FIG. 1 .
  • the 5′ targeting arm can contain sequence 5′ of J1, such as depicted in Seq ID No. 1 and/or Seq ID No 4.
  • the 5′ targeting arm can contain sequence 5′ of J1, J2 and/or J3, for example, as depicted in approximately residues 1-300, 1-500, 1-750, 1-1000 and/or 1-1500 Seq ID No 4.
  • the 5′ targeting arm can contain sequence 5′ of the constant region, for example, as depicted in approximately residues 1-300, 1-500, 1-750, 1-1000, 1-1500 and/or 1-2000 or any fragment thereof of Seq ID No 4 and/or any contiguous sequence of Seq ID No. 4 or fragment thereof.
  • the 3′ targeting arm can contain sequence 3′ of the constant region and/or including the constant region, for example, such as resides 7000-8000 and/or 8000-9000 or fragment thereof of Seq ID No 4.
  • targeting vector can contain any contiguous sequence or fragment thereof of Seq ID No 4. sequence
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the diversity region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the diversity region of the porcine heavy chain locus.
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the mu constant region and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the mu constant region of the porcine heavy chain locus.
  • the targeting vector can include, but is not limited to any of the following sequences: the Diversity region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1089-1099 of Seq ID No 29 (D(pseudo)), the Joining region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1887-3352 of Seq ID No 29 (for example: J(psuedo): 1887-1931 of Seq ID No 29, J(pseudo): 2364-2411 of Seq ID No 29, J(pseudo): 2756-2804 of Seq ID No 29, J (functional J): 3296-3352 of Seq ID No 29), the recombination signals are represented, for example, by residues 3001-3261 of Seq ID No 29 (Nonamer), 3292-3298 of Seq ID No 29 (Heptamer), the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 3353-9070 of Seq ID No 29 (J to C mu intron), 5522-8700 of Seq
  • any contiguous sequence at least about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 300 nucleotides of Seq ID No 29 or fragment and/or combination thereof can be used as targeting sequence for the heavy chain targeting vector. It is understood that in general when designing a targeting construct one targeting arm will be 5′ of the other targeting arm.
  • targeting vectors designed to disrupt the expression of porcine heavy chain genes can contain recombination arms, for example, the 3′ or 5′ recombination arm, that target the constant region of heavy chain.
  • the recombination arm can target the mu constant region, for example, the C mu sequences described above or as disclosed in Sun & Butler Immunogenetics (1997) 46: 452-460.
  • the recombination arm can target the delta constant region, such as the sequence disclosed in Zhao et al. (2003) J immunol 171: 1312-1318, or the alpha constant region, such as the sequence disclosed in Brown & Butler (1994) Molec Immunol 31: 633-642. Seq ID No.
  • targeting vectors are provided to target the porcine kappa chain locus.
  • the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa chain locus. Since the present invention discovered that there is only one constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin.
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the constant region, optionally including the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, optionally including at least part of the enhancer region (a “Kappa constant targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 2 .
  • this kappa constant targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No 20 and FIG. 2 .
  • the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the joining region of the porcine kappa light chain locus.
  • the 5′ arm of the targeting vector can include Seq ID No 12 and/or Seq ID No 25 or any contiguous sequence or fragment thereof.
  • the 3′ arm of the targeting vector can include Seq ID No 15, 16 and/or 19 or any contiguous sequence or fragment thereof.
  • the targeting vector can include, but is not limited to any of the following sequences: the coding region of kappa light chain is represented, for example by residues 1-549 of Seq ID No 30 and 10026-10549 of Seq ID No 30, whereas the intronic sequence is represented, for example, by residues 550-10025 of Seq ID No 30, the Joining region of kappa light chain is represented, for example, by residues 5822-7207 of Seq ID No 30 (for example, J1:5822-5859 of Seq ID No 30, J2:6180-6218 of Seq ID No 30, J3:6486-6523 of Seq ID No 30, J4:6826-6863 of Seq ID No 30, J5:7170-7207 of Seq ID No 30), the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 10026-10549 of Seq ID No 30 (C exon) and 10026-10354 of Seq ID No 30 (C coding), 10524-10529 of Seq ID No 30 (Poly(
  • any contiguous sequence at least about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 300 nucleotides of Seq ID No 30 or fragment and/or combination thereof can be used as targeting sequence for the heavy chain targeting vector. It is understood that in general when designing a targeting construct one targeting arm will be 5′ of the other targeting arm. Seq ID No.
  • targeting vectors are provided to target the porcine lambda chain locus.
  • lambda can be targeted by designing a targeting construct that contains a 5′ arm containing sequence located 5′ to the first JC unit and a 3′ arm containing sequence 3′ to the last JC unit of the J/C cluster region, thus preventing functional expression of the lambda locus (see, FIGS. 3-4 ).
  • the targeting vector can contain any contiguous sequence (such as about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300 or 5000 nucleotides of contiguous sequence) or fragment thereof. Seq ID No 28.
  • the 5′ targeting arm can contain Seq ID No.
  • the 3′ targeting arm can contain, but is not limited to one or more of the following: Seq ID No. 33, which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, from approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C; Seq ID No.
  • Seq ID No. 34 which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, approximately 11.8 Kb downstream of the J/C cluster, near the enhancer; Seq ID No. 35, which includes approximately 12 Kb downstream of lambda, including the enhancer region; Seq ID No. 36, which includes approximately 17.6 Kb downstream of lambda; Seq ID No. 37, which includes approximately 19.1 Kb downstream of lambda; Seq ID No. 38, which includes approximately 21.3 Kb downstream of lambda; and Seq ID No.
  • Seq ID No. 48 (as shown in Example 4) provides a representative, non-limiting example of a targeting construct that contains a 5′ arm containing sequence located 5′ to the first JC unit and a 3′ arm containing sequence 3′ to the last JC unit of the J/C cluster region. Representative 5′ and 3′ arms are shown in Seq ID No. 49 and 50 (also in Example 4).
  • lambda is targeted using two targeting vectors.
  • the two lambda targeting vectors i.e., a vector pair, are utilized in a two step strategy to delete the entire J/C region of porcine lambda.
  • a first targeting vector is inserted upstream of the J/C region (or alternatively downstream of the J/C region). If the first targeting vector is inserted upstream of the J/C region, the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms of the first targeted vector contain homologous sequence to the 5′ flanking sequence of the first J/C unit of the J/C cluster region. See FIG. 5 , which shows 7 JC units in the J/C cluster region. If the first targeting vector is inserted downstream of the J/C cluster region, the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms of the first targeting vector contain homologous sequence to the 3′ region of the last J/C unit in the JC region.
  • the first-step vectors are designed with lox sites that flank a fusion gene which can provide both positive and negative selection. Selection of the targeting event utilizes the Tn5 APHII gene commonly described as Neo resistance. Once targeting events are isolated, Cre is provided transiently to facilitate deletion of the selectable marker located between two lox sites. Negative selection is then provided by the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase coding region. This step selects for targeted cells that have deleted the selectable marker and retains a single lox site upstream (alternatively downstream) of the J/C region.
  • the second step is performed in the same lineage as the first step.
  • the second targeting step also inserts a marker that provides both positive and negative selection.
  • the second step inserts the marker on the opposite site of the J/C region in comparison to the first step. That is, if the first vector was inserted upstream of the J/C region, the second targeting vector is inserted downstream, and vice versa.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second targeting vector inserted downstream of the J/C region.
  • the second targeting vector has a single lox site that is located distally compared to the first vector.
  • the second vector has a single lox site located downstream of the marker gene (the alternative vector has the lox site upstream of the marker).
  • the vector pair is Seq. ID No. 44 (step 1) and Seq. ID No. 45 (step 2).
  • the vector pair is Seq. ID No. 46 (step 1) and Seq. ID No. 47 (step 2).
  • the two-step strategy outline above, utilizing a vector pair, can be used to delete the entire J/C cluster region (i.e., all J/C units), multiple J/C units or an individual J/C unit.
  • the DNA constructs can be designed to modify the endogenous, target immunoglobulin gene.
  • the homologous sequence for targeting the construct can have one or more deletions, insertions, substitutions or combinations thereof.
  • the alteration can be the insertion of a selectable marker gene fused in reading frame with the upstream sequence of the target gene.
  • Suitable selectable marker genes include, but are not limited to: genes conferring the ability to grow on certain media substrates, such as the tk gene (thymidine kinase) or the hprt gene (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) which confer the ability to grow on HAT medium (hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine); the bacterial gpt gene (guanine/xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) which allows growth on MAX medium (mycophenolic acid, adenine, and xanthine). See, for example, Song, K-Y., et al. Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci.
  • selectable markers include: genes conferring resistance to compounds such as antibiotics, genes conferring the ability to grow on selected substrates, genes encoding proteins that produce detectable signals such as luminescence, such as green fluorescent protein, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP).
  • genes conferring resistance to compounds such as antibiotics
  • genes conferring the ability to grow on selected substrates genes encoding proteins that produce detectable signals such as luminescence, such as green fluorescent protein, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP).
  • eGFP enhanced green fluorescent protein
  • antibiotic resistance genes such as the neomycin resistance gene (neo) (Southern, P., and P. Berg, J. Mol. Appl. Genet.
  • hygromycin resistance gene (Nucleic Acids Research 11:6895-6911 (1983), and Te Riele, H., et al., Nature 348:649-651 (1990)).
  • selectable marker genes include: acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), alkaline phosphatase (AP), beta galactosidase (LacZ), beta glucoronidase (GUS), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), green fluorescent protein (GFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), luciferase (Luc), nopaline synthase (NOS), octopine synthase (OCS), and derivatives thereof.
  • AHAS acetohydroxyacid synthase
  • AP alkaline phosphatase
  • LacZ beta galactosidase
  • GUS beta glucoronidase
  • CAT chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
  • GFP green fluorescent protein
  • RFP red fluorescent protein
  • YFP yellow fluorescent protein
  • CFP cyan fluorescent protein
  • Multiple selectable markers are available that confer resistance to ampicillin, bleomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, hygromycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, methotrexate, phosphinothricin, puromycin, and tetracycline.
  • Combinations of selectable markers can also be used.
  • a neo gene (with or without its own promoter, as discussed above) can be cloned into a DNA sequence which is homologous to the immunoglobulin gene.
  • the HSV-tk gene can be cloned such that it is outside of the targeting DNA (another selectable marker could be placed on the opposite flank, if desired). After introducing the DNA construct into the cells to be targeted, the cells can be selected on the appropriate antibiotics.
  • those cells which are resistant to G418 and gancyclovir are most likely to have arisen by homologous recombination in which the neo gene has been recombined into the immunoglobulin gene but the tk gene has been lost because it was located outside the region of the double crossover.
  • Deletions can be at least about 50 bp, more usually at least about 100 bp, and generally not more than about 20 kbp, where the deletion can normally include at least a portion of the coding region including a portion of or one or more exons, a portion of or one or more introns, and can or can not include a portion of the flanking non-coding regions, particularly the 5′-non-coding region (transcriptional regulatory region).
  • the homologous region can extend beyond the coding region into the 5′-non-coding region or alternatively into the 3′-non-coding region.
  • Insertions can generally not exceed 10 kbp, usually not exceed 5 kbp, generally being at least 50 bp, more usually at least 200 bp.
  • the region(s) of homology can include mutations, where mutations can further inactivate the target gene, in providing for a frame shift, or changing a key amino acid, or the mutation can correct a dysfunctional allele, etc.
  • the mutation can be a subtle change, not exceeding about 5% of the homologous flanking sequences.
  • the marker gene can be inserted into an intron or an exon.
  • the construct can be prepared in accordance with methods known in the art, various fragments can be brought together, introduced into appropriate vectors, cloned, analyzed and then manipulated further until the desired construct has been achieved. Various modifications can be made to the sequence, to allow for restriction analysis, excision, identification of probes, etc. Silent mutations can be introduced, as desired. At various stages, restriction analysis, sequencing, amplification with the polymerase chain reaction, primer repair, in vitro mutagenesis, etc. can be employed.
  • the construct can be prepared using a bacterial vector, including a prokaryotic replication system, e.g. an origin recognizable by E. coli , at each stage the construct can be cloned and analyzed.
  • a marker the same as or different from the marker to be used for insertion, can be employed, which can be removed prior to introduction into the target cell.
  • the vector containing the construct Once the vector containing the construct has been completed, it can be further manipulated, such as by deletion of the bacterial sequences, linearization, introducing a short deletion in the homologous sequence. After final manipulation, the construct can be introduced into the cell.
  • the present invention further includes recombinant constructs containing sequences of immunoglobulin genes.
  • the constructs comprise a vector, such as a plasmid or viral vector, into which a sequence of the invention has been inserted, in a forward or reverse orientation.
  • the construct can also include regulatory sequences, including, for example, a promoter, operably linked to the sequence. Large numbers of suitable vectors and promoters are known to those of skill in the art, and are commercially available. The following vectors are provided by way of example.
  • Bacterial Bacterial: pBs, pQE-9 (Qiagen), phagescript, PsiX174, pBluescript SK, pBsKS, pNH8a, pNH16a, pNH18a, pNH46a (Stratagene); pTrc99A, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 (Pharmacia).
  • Eukaryotic pWLneo, pSv2cat, pOG44, pXT1, pSG (Stratagene) pSVK3, pBPv, pMSG, pSVL (Pharmiacia), viral origin vectors (M13 vectors, bacterial phage 1 vectors, adenovirus vectors, and retrovirus vectors), high, low and adjustable copy number vectors, vectors which have compatible replicons for use in combination in a single host (pACYC184 and pBR322) and eukaryotic episomal replication vectors (pCDM8).
  • vectors include prokaryotic expression vectors such as pcDNA II, pSL301, pSE280, pSE380, pSE420, pTrcHisA, B, and C, pRSET A, B, and C (Invitrogen, Corp.), pGEMEX-1, and pGEMEX-2 (Promega, Inc.), the pET vectors (Novagen, Inc.), pTrc99A, pKK223-3, the pGEX vectors, pEZZ18, pRIT2T, and pMC1871 (Pharmacia, Inc.), pKK233-2 and pKK388-1 (Clontech, Inc.), and pProEx-HT (Invitrogen, Corp.) and variants and derivatives thereof.
  • prokaryotic expression vectors such as pcDNA II, pSL301, pSE280, pSE380, pSE420, pTrcHisA, B, and C,
  • vectors include eukaryotic expression vectors such as pFastBac, pFastBacHT, pFastBacDUAL, pSFV, and pTet-Splice (Invitrogen), pEUK-C1, pPUR, pMAM, pMAMneo, pBI101, pBI121, pDR2, pCMVEBNA, and pYACneo (Clontech), pSVK3, pSVL, pMSG, pCH110, and pKK232-8 (Pharmacia, Inc.), p3′SS, pXT1, pSG5, pPbac, pMbac, pMC1neo, and pOG44 (Stratagene, Inc.), and pYES2, pAC360, pBlueBacHis A, B, and C, pVL1392, pBlueBacIII, pCDM8,
  • Additional vectors that can be used include: pUC18, pUC19, pBlueScript, pSPORT, cosmids, phagemids, YAC's (yeast artificial chromosomes), BAC's (bacterial artificial chromosomes), P1 ( Escherichia coli phage), pQE70, pQE60, pQE9 (quagan), pBS vectors, PhageScript vectors, BlueScript vectors, pNH8A, pNH116A, pNH18A, pNH46A (Stratagene), pcDNA3 (Invitrogen), pGEX, pTrsfus, pTrc99A, pET-5, pET-9, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 (Pharmacia), pSPORT1, pSPORT2, pCMVSPORT2.0 and pSV-SPORT1 (Invitrogen), pTrx
  • Two-hybrid and reverse two-hybrid vectors can also be used, for example, pPC86, pDBLeu, pDBTrp, pPC97, p2.5, pGAD1-3, pGAD10, pACt, pACT2, pGADGL, pGADGH, pAS2-1, pGAD424, pGBT8, pGBT9, pGAD-GAL4, pLexA, pBD-GAL4, pHISi, pHISi-1, placZi, pB42AD, pDG202, pJK202, pJG4-5, pNLexA, pYESTrp and variants or derivatives thereof. Any other plasmids and vectors may be used as long as they are replicable and viable in the host.
  • Techniques which can be used to allow the DNA construct entry into the host cell include, for example, calcium phosphate/DNA co precipitation, microinjection of DNA into the nucleus, electroporation, bacterial protoplast fusion with intact cells, transfection, or any other technique known by one skilled in the art.
  • the DNA can be single or double stranded, linear or circular, relaxed or supercoiled DNA.
  • Keown et al. Methods in Enzymology Vol. 185, pp. 527-537 (1990).
  • heterozygous or homozygous knockout cells can be produced by transfection of primary fetal fibroblasts with a knockout vector containing immunoglobulin gene sequence isolated from isogenic DNA.
  • the vector can incorporate a promoter trap strategy, using, for example, IRES (internal ribosome entry site) to initiate translation of the Neor gene.
  • the targeting constructs can contain site specific recombinase sites, such as, for example, lox.
  • the targeting arms can insert the site specific recombinase target sites into the targeted region such that one site specific recombinase target site is located 5′ to the second site specific recombinase target site. Then, the site specific recombinase can be activated and/or applied to the cell such that the intervening nucleotide sequence between the two site specific recombinase sites is excised.
  • Site-specific recombinases include enzymes or recombinases that recognize and bind to a short nucleic acid site or sequence-specific recombinase target site, i.e., a recombinase recognition site, and catalyze the recombination of nucleic acid in relation to these sites.
  • These enzymes include recombinases, transposases and integrases.
  • sequence-specific recombinase target sites include, but are not limited to, lox sites, att sites, dif sites and frt sites.
  • Non-limiting examples of site-specific recombinases include, but are not limited to, bacteriophage P1 Cre recombinase, yeast FLP recombinase, Inti integrase, bacteriophage ⁇ , phi 80, P22, P2, 186, and P4 recombinase, Tn3 resolvase, the Hin recombinase, and the Cin recombinase, E. coli xerC and xerD recombinases, Bacillus thuringiensis recombinase, TpnI and the ⁇ -lactamase transposons, and the immunoglobulin recombinases.
  • the recombination site can be a lox site that is recognized by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1.
  • Lox sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the cre gene of bacteriophage P1, the Cre recombinase, can catalyze a site-specific recombination event.
  • a variety of lox sites are known in the art, including the naturally occurring loxP, loxB, loxL and loxR, as well as a number of mutant, or variant, lox sites, such as loxP511, loxP514, lox.DELTA.86, lox.DELTA.117, loxC2, loxP2, loxP3 and lox P23. Additional example of lox sites include, but are not limited to, loxB, loxL, loxR, loxP, loxP3, loxP23, lox ⁇ 86, lox ⁇ 117, loxP511, and loxC2.
  • the recombination site is a recombination site that is recognized by a recombinases other than Cre.
  • the recombinase site can be the FRT sites recognized by FLP recombinase of the 2 pi plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
  • FRT sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the FLP gene of the yeast 2 micron plasmid, FLP recombinase, can catalyze site-specific recombination.
  • non-Cre recombinases include, but are not limited to, site-specific recombinases include: att sites recognized by the Int recombinase of bacteriophage ⁇ (e.g. att1, att2, att3, attP, attB, attL, and attR), the recombination sites recognized by the resolvase family, and the recombination site recognized by transposase of Bacillus thruingiensis.
  • site-specific recombinases include: att sites recognized by the Int recombinase of bacteriophage ⁇ (e.g. att1, att2, att3, attP, attB, attL, and attR), the recombination sites recognized by the resolvase family, and the recombination site recognized by transposase of Bacillus thruingiensis.
  • the targeting constructs can contain: sequence homologous to a porcine immunoglobulin gene as described herein, a selectable marker gene and/or a site specific recombinase target site.
  • the cells can then be grown in appropriately-selected medium to identify cells providing the appropriate integration.
  • the presence of the selectable marker gene inserted into the immunoglobulin gene establishes the integration of the target construct into the host genome.
  • Those cells which show the desired phenotype can then be further analyzed by restriction analysis, electrophoresis, Southern analysis, polymerase chain reaction, etc to analyze the DNA in order to establish whether homologous or non-homologous recombination occurred. This can be determined by employing probes for the insert and then sequencing the 5′ and 3′ regions flanking the insert for the presence of the immunoglobulin gene extending beyond the flanking regions of the construct or identifying the presence of a deletion, when such deletion is introduced.
  • Primers can also be used which are complementary to a sequence within the construct and complementary to a sequence outside the construct and at the target locus. In this way, one can only obtain DNA duplexes having both of the primers present in the complementary chains if homologous recombination has occurred. By demonstrating the presence of the primer sequences or the expected size sequence, the occurrence of homologous recombination is supported.
  • the polymerase chain reaction used for screening homologous recombination events is known in the art, see, for example, Kim and Smithies, Nucleic Acids Res. 16:8887-8903, 1988; and Joyner et al., Nature 338:153-156, 1989.
  • the specific combination of a mutant polyoma enhancer and a thymidine kinase promoter to drive the neomycin gene has been shown to be active in both embryonic stem cells and EC cells by Thomas and Capecchi, supra, 1987; Nicholas and Berg (1983) in Teratocarcinoma Stem Cell, eds. Siver, Martin and Strikland (Cold Spring Harbor Lab., Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (pp. 469-497); and Linney and Donerly, Cell 35:693-699, 1983.
  • the cell lines obtained from the first round of targeting are likely to be heterozygous for the targeted allele.
  • Homozygosity in which both alleles are modified, can be achieved in a number of ways. One approach is to grow up a number of cells in which one copy has been modified and then to subject these cells to another round of targeting using a different selectable marker. Alternatively, homozygotes can be obtained by breeding animals heterozygous for the modified allele, according to traditional Mendelian genetics. In some situations, it can be desirable to have two different modified alleles. This can be achieved by successive rounds of gene targeting or by breeding heterozygotes, each of which carries one of the desired modified alleles.
  • the selection method can detect the depletion of the immunoglobulin gene directly, whether due to targeted knockout of the immunoglobulin gene by homologous recombination, or a mutation in the gene that results in a nonfunctioning or nonexpressed immunoglobulin. Selection via antibiotic resistance has been used most commonly for screening (see above).
  • This method can detect the presence of the resistance gene on the targeting vector, but does not directly indicate whether integration was a targeted recombination event or a random integration.
  • Certain technology such as Poly A and promoter trap technology, increase the probability of targeted events, but again, do not give direct evidence that the desired phenotype, a cell deficient in immunoglobulin gene expression, has been achieved.
  • negative forms of selection can be used to select for targeted integration; in these cases, the gene for a factor lethal to the cells is inserted in such a way that only targeted events allow the cell to avoid death. Cells selected by these methods can then be assayed for gene disruption, vector integration and, finally, immunoglobulin gene depletion. In these cases, since the selection is based on detection of targeting vector integration and not at the altered phenotype, only targeted knockouts, not point mutations, gene rearrangements or truncations or other such modifications can be detected.
  • Animal cells believed to lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin genes can be further characterized. Such characterization can be accomplished by the following techniques, including, but not limited to: PCR analysis, Southern blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, specific lectin binding assays, and/or sequencing analysis.
  • PCR analysis as described in the art can be used to determine the integration of targeting vectors.
  • amplimers can originate in the antibiotic resistance gene and extend into a region outside the vector sequence.
  • Southern analysis can also be used to characterize gross modifications in the locus, such as the integration of a targeting vector into the immunoglobulin locus.
  • Northern analysis can be used to characterize the transcript produced from each of the alleles.
  • sequencing analysis of the cDNA produced from the RNA transcript can also be used to determine the precise location of any mutations in the immunoglobulin allele.
  • ungulate cells lacking at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein are provided. These cells can be obtained as a result of homologous recombination. Particularly, by inactivating at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene, cells can be produced which have reduced capability for expression of porcine antibodies.
  • mammalian cells lacking both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein.
  • porcine animals are provided in which at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene is inactivated via a genetic targeting event produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein.
  • porcine animals are provided in which both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene are inactivated via a genetic targeting event.
  • the gene can be targeted via homologous recombination.
  • the gene can be disrupted, i.e. a portion of the genetic code can be altered, thereby affecting transcription and/or translation of that segment of the gene. For example, disruption of a gene can occur through substitution, deletion (“knock-out”) or insertion (“knock-in”) techniques. Additional genes for a desired protein or regulatory sequence that modulate transcription of an existing sequence can be inserted.
  • alleles of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene are rendered inactive according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, such that functional ungulate immunoglobulins can no longer be produced.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed into RNA, but not translated into protein.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed in an inactive truncated form. Such a truncated RNA may either not be translated or can be translated into a nonfunctional protein.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be inactivated in such a way that no transcription of the gene occurs.
  • the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed and then translated into a nonfunctional protein.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides ungulates and ungulate cells that lack at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the processes, sequences and/or constructs described herein, which are further modified to express at least part of a human antibody (i.e. immunoglobulin (Ig)) locus.
  • a human antibody i.e. immunoglobulin (Ig) locus.
  • This human locus can undergo rearrangement and express a diverse population of human antibody molecules in the ungulate.
  • These cloned, transgenic ungulates provide a replenishable, theoretically infinite supply of human antibodies (such as polyclonal antibodies), which can be used for therapeutic, diagnostic, purification, and other clinically relevant purposes.
  • ACs artificial chromosome
  • ACs can be used to accomplish the transfer of human immunoglobulin genes into ungulate cells and animals.
  • ACs permit targeted integration of megabase size DNA fragments that contain single or multiple genes.
  • the ACs therefore, can introduce heterologous DNA into selected cells for production of the gene product encoded by the heterologous DNA.
  • one or more ACs with integrated human immunoglobulin DNA can be used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • ACs are man-made linear DNA molecules constructed from essential cis-acting DNA sequence elements that are responsible for the proper replication and partitioning of natural chromosomes (Murray et al. (1983), Nature 301:189-193).
  • a chromosome requires at least three elements to function.
  • an artificial chromosome include at least: (1) autonomous replication sequences (ARS) (having properties of replication origins—which are the sites for initiation of DNA replication), (2) centromeres (site of kinetochore assembly that is responsible for proper distribution of replicated chromosomes at mitosis and meiosis), and (3) telomeres (specialized structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that function to both stabilize the ends and facilitate the complete replication of the extreme termini of the DNA molecule).
  • ARS autonomous replication sequences
  • centromeres site of kinetochore assembly that is responsible for proper distribution of replicated chromosomes at mitosis and meiosis
  • telomeres specialized structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that function to both stabilize the ends and facilitate the complete replication of the extreme termini of the DNA molecule.
  • the human Ig can be maintained as an independent unit (an episome) apart from the ungulate chromosomal DNA.
  • episomal vectors contain the necessary DNA sequence elements required for DNA replication and maintenance of the vector within the cell.
  • Episomal vectors are available commercially (see, for example, Maniatis, T. et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (1982) pp. 368-369).
  • the AC can stably replicate and segregate along side endogenous chromosomes.
  • the human IgG DNA sequences can be integrated into the ungulate cell's chromosomes thereby permitting the new information to be replicated and partitioned to the cell's progeny as a part of the natural chromosomes (see, for example, Wigler et al. (1977), Cell 11:223).
  • the AC can be translocated to, or inserted into, the endogenous chromosome of the ungulate cell. Two or more ACs can be introduced to the host cell simultaneously or sequentially.
  • ACs furthermore, can provide an extra-genomic locus for targeted integration of megabase size DNA fragments that contain single or multiple genes, including multiple copies of a single gene operatively linked to one promoter or each copy or several copies linked to separate promoters.
  • ACs can permit the targeted integration of megabase size DNA fragments that contain single or multiple human immunoglobulin genes.
  • the ACs can be generated by culturing the cells with dicentric chromosomes (i.e., chromosomes with two centromeres) under such conditions known to one skilled in the art whereby the chromosome breaks to form a minichromosome and formerly dicentric chromosome.
  • ACs can be constructed from humans (human artificial chromosomes: “HACs”), yeast (yeast artificial chromosomes: “YACs”), bacteria (bacterial artificial chromosomes: “BACs”), bacteriophage P1-derived artificial chromosomes: “PACs”) and other mammals (mammalian artificial chromosomes: “MACs”).
  • the ACs derive their name (e.g., YAC, BAC, PAC, MAC, HAC) based on the origin of the centromere.
  • a YAC for example, can derive its centromere from S. cerevisiae .
  • MACs include an active mammalian centromere while HACs refer to chromosomes that include human centromeres.
  • HACs refer to chromosomes that include human centromeres.
  • plant artificial chromosomes (“PLACs”) and insect artificial chromosomes can also be constructed.
  • the ACs can include elements derived from chromosomes that are responsible for both replication and maintenance. ACs, therefore, are capable of stably maintaining large genomic DNA fragments such as human Ig DNA.
  • ungulates containing YACs are provided.
  • YACs are genetically engineered circular chromosomes that contain elements from yeast chromosomes, such as S. cerevisiae , and segments of foreign DNAs that can be much larger than those accepted by conventional cloning vectors (e.g., plasmids, cosmids).
  • YACs allow the propagation of very large segments of exogenous DNA (Schlessinger, D. (1990), Trends in Genetics 6:248-253) into mammalian cells and animals (Choi et al. (1993), Nature Gen 4:117-123).
  • YAC transgenic approaches are very powerful and are greatly enhanced by the ability to efficiently manipulate the cloned DNA.
  • yeast A major technical advantage of yeast is the ease with which specific genome modifications can be made via DNA-mediated transformation and homologous recombination (Ramsay, M. (1994), Mol Biotech 1:181-201).
  • one or more YACs with integrated human Ig DNA can be used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • the YAC vectors contain specific structural components for replication in yeast, including: a centromere, telomeres, autonomous replication sequence (ARS), yeast selectable markers (e.g., TRP1, URA3, and SUP4), and a cloning site for insertion of large segments of greater than 50 kb of exogenous DNA.
  • the marker genes can allow selection of the cells carrying the YAC and serve as sites for the synthesis of specific restriction endonucleases.
  • the TRP1 and URA3 genes can be used as dual selectable markers to ensure that only complete artificial chromosomes are maintained.
  • Yeast selectable markers can be carried on both sides of the centromere, and two sequences that seed telomere formation in vivo are separated.
  • telomeres which serve as necessary sequences to maintain the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes
  • ARS another short stretch of DNA
  • YACs can be used to clone up to about 1, 2, or 3 Mb of immunoglobulin DNA. In another embodiment, at least 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95 kilobases.
  • Yeast integrating plasmids, replicating vectors can also be used to express human Ig.
  • the yeast integrating plasmid can contain bacterial plasmid sequences that provide a replication origin and a drug-resistance gene for growth in bacteria (e.g., E. coli ), a yeast marker gene for selection of transformants in yeast, and restriction sites for inserting Ig sequences.
  • Host cells can stably acquire this plasmid by integrating it directly into a chromosome.
  • Yeast replicating vectors can also be used to express human Ig as free plasmid circles in yeast.
  • Yeast or ARS-containing vectors can be stabilized by the addition of a centromere sequence.
  • YACs have both centromeric and telomeric regions, and can be used for cloning very large pieces of DNA because the recombinant is maintained essentially as a yeast chromosome.
  • YACs are provided, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,692,954, 6,495,318, 6,391,642, 6,287,853, 6,221,588, 6,166,288, 6,096,878, 6,015,708, 5,981,175, 5,939,255, 5,843,671, 5,783,385, 5,776,745, 5,578,461, and 4,889,806; European Patent Nos. 1 356 062 and 0 648 265; PCT Publication Nos.
  • ungulates containing BACs are provided.
  • BACs are F-based plasmids found in bacteria, such as E. Coli , that can transfer approximately 300 kb of foreign DNA into a host cell. Once the Ig DNA has been cloned into the host cell, the newly inserted segment can be replicated along with the rest of the plasmid. As a result, billions of copies of the foreign DNA can be made in a very short time.
  • one or more BACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • the BAC cloning system is based on the E. coli F-factor, whose replication is strictly controlled and thus ensures stable maintenance of large constructs (Willets, N., and R. Skurray (1987), Structure and function of the F-factor and mechanism of conjugation. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium : Cellular and Molecular Biology (F. C. Neidhardt, Ed) Vol. 2 pp 1110-1133, Am. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, D.C.). BACs have been widely used for cloning of DNA from various eukaryotic species (Cai et al. (1995), Genomics 29:413-425; Kim et al.
  • BACs can stably maintain the human immunoglobulin genes in a single copy vector in the host cells, even after 100 or more generations of serial growth.
  • BAC (or pBAC) vectors can accommodate inserts in the range of approximately 30 to 300 kb pairs.
  • One specific type of BAC vector, pBeloBac11 uses a complementation of the lacZ gene to distinguish insert-containing recombinant molecules from colonies carrying the BAC vector, by color.
  • pBeloBac11 uses a complementation of the lacZ gene to distinguish insert-containing recombinant molecules from colonies carrying the BAC vector, by color.
  • BACs can be provided such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,713,281, 6,703,198, 6,649,347, 6,638,722, 6,586,184, 6,573,090, 6,548,256, 6,534,262, 6,492,577, 6,492,506, 6,485,912, 6,472,177, 6,455,254, 6,383,756, 6,277,621, 6,183,957, 6,156,574, 6,127,171, 5,874,259, 5,707,811, and 5,597,694; European Patent Nos. 0 805 851; PCT Publication Nos. WO 03/087330, WO 02/00916, WO 01/39797, WO 01/04302, WO 00/79001, WO 99/54487, WO 99/27118, and WO 96/21725.
  • ungulates containing bacteriophage PACs are provided.
  • one or more bacteriophage PACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • PACs can be provided such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • WO 03/091426 WO 03/076573, WO 03/020898, WO 02/101022, WO 02/070696, WO 02/061073, WO 02/31202, WO 01/44486, WO 01/07478, WO 01/05962, and WO 99/63103.
  • ungulates containing MACs possess high mitotic stability, consistent and regulated gene expression, high cloning capacity, and non-immunogenicity.
  • Mammalian chromosomes can be comprised of a continuous linear strand of DNA ranging in size from approximately 50 to 250 Mb.
  • the DNA construct can further contain one or more sequences necessary for the DNA construct to multiply in yeast cells.
  • the DNA construct can also contain a sequence encoding a selectable marker gene.
  • the DNA construct can be capable of being maintained as a chromosome in a transformed cell with the DNA construct.
  • MACs provide extra-genomic specific integration sites for introduction of genes encoding proteins of interest and permit megabase size DNA integration so that, for example, genes encoding an entire metabolic pathway, a very large gene [e.g., such as the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene ( ⁇ 600 kb)], or several genes [e.g., a series of antigens for preparation of a multivalent vaccine] can be stably introduced into a cell.
  • CF cystic fibrosis
  • Mammalian artificial chromosomes are provided. Also provided are artificial chromosomes for other higher eukaryotic species, such as insects and fish, produced using the MACS are provided herein. Methods for generating and isolating such chromosomes. Methods using the MACs to construct artificial chromosomes from other species, such as insect and fish species are also provided.
  • the artificial chromosomes are fully functional stable chromosomes.
  • Two types of artificial chromosomes are provided. One type, herein referred to as SATACs [satellite artificial chromosomes] are stable heterochromatic chromosomes, and the another type are minichromosomes based on amplification of euchromatin.
  • a formerly dicentric chromosome is a chromosome that is produced when a dicentric chromosome fragments and acquires new telomeres so that two chromosomes, each having one of the centromeres, are produced.
  • Each of the fragments can be replicable chromosomes.
  • SATACs satellite artificial chromosomes
  • minichromosomes are provided wherein the minichromosomes are based on amplification of euchromatin.
  • artificial chromosomes can be generated by culturing the cells with the dicentric chromosomes under conditions whereby the chromosome breaks to form a minichromosome and formerly dicentric chromosome.
  • the SATACs can be generated from the minichromosome fragment, see, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,625.
  • the SATACs can be generated from the fragment of the formerly dicentric chromosome.
  • the SATACs can be made up of repeating units of short satellite DNA and can be fully heterochromatic. In one embodiment, absent insertion of heterologous or foreign DNA, the SATACs do not contain genetic information.
  • SATACs of various sizes are provided that are formed by repeated culturing under selective conditions and subcloning of cells that contain chromosomes produced from the formerly dicentric chromosomes.
  • These chromosomes can be based on repeating units 7.5 to 10 Mb in size, or megareplicons.
  • These megareplicaons can be tandem blocks of satellite DNA flanked by heterologous non-satellite DNA. Amplification can produce a tandem array of identical chromosome segments [each called an amplicon] that contain two inverted megareplicons bordered by heterologous [“foreign”] DNA.
  • MACs can be provided, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,743,967, 6,682,729, 6,569,643, 6,558,902, 6,548,287, 6,410,722, 6,348,353, 6,297,029, 6,265,211, 6,207,648, 6,150,170, 6,150,160, 6,133,503, 6,077,697, 6,025,155, 5,997,881, 5,985,846, 5,981,225, 5,877,159, 5,851,760, and 5,721,118; PCT Publication Nos.
  • WO 04/066945 WO 04/044129, WO 04/035729, WO 04/033668, WO 04/027075, WO 04/016791, WO 04/009788, WO 04/007750, WO 03/083054, WO 03/068910, WO 03/068909, WO 03/064613, WO 03/052050, WO 03/027315, WO 03/023029, WO 03/012126, WO 03/006610, WO 03/000921, WO 02/103032, WO 02/097059, WO 02/096923, WO 02/095003, WO 02/092615, WO 02/081710, WO 02/059330, WO 02/059296, WO 00/18941, WO 97/16533, and WO 96/40965.
  • ungulates and ungulate cells containing HACs are provided.
  • one or more HACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • one or more HACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used to generate ungulates (for example, pigs) by nuclear transfer which express human Igs in response to immunization and which undergo affinity maturation.
  • ungulates that express human antibodies (“human Ig”).
  • HAC human antibodies
  • B-cells or B-cell precursors into an ungulate during its fetal stage or after it is born (e.g., an immune deficient or immune suppressed ungulate)
  • WO 01/35735 filed Nov. 17, 2000, US 02/08645, filed Mar. 20, 2002.
  • both human antibody producing cells and ungulate antibody-producing B-cells may be present in the ungulate.
  • a single B-cell may produce an antibody that contains a combination of ungulate and human heavy and light chain proteins.
  • the total size of the HAC is at least to approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 Mb.
  • HACs can be provided such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,642,207, 6,590,089, 6,566,066, 6,524,799, 6,500,642, 6,485,910, 6,475,752, 6,458,561, 6,455,026, 6,448,041, 6,410,722, 6,358,523, 6,277,621, 6,265,211, 6,146,827, 6,143,566, 6,077,697, 6,025,155, 6,020,142, and 5,972,649; U.S. Pat. Application No. 2003/0037347; PCT Publication Nos.
  • WO 04/050704 WO 04/044156, WO 04/031385, WO 04/016791, WO 03/101396, WO 03/097812, WO 03/093469, WO 03/091426, WO 03/057923, WO 03/057849, WO 03/027638, WO 03/020898, WO 02/092812, and WO 98/27200.
  • BACs e.g., pBeloBAC11 or pBAC108L
  • bacteriophage PACs e.g., YACs
  • YACs see, e.g., Burke (1990), Genet Anal Tech Appl 7(5):94-99
  • ACs transmitted through male gametogenesis in each generation can be integrating or non-integrating.
  • the AC can be transmitted through mitosis in substantially all dividing cells.
  • the AC can provide for position independent expression of a human immunogloulin nucleic acid sequence.
  • the AC can have a transmittal efficiency of at least 10% through each male and female gametogenesis.
  • the AC can be circular.
  • the non-integrating AC can be that deposited with the Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms—BCCM on Mar. 27, 2000 under accession number LMBP 5473 CB.
  • methods for producing an AC wherein a mitotically stable unit containing an exogenous nucleic acid transmitted through male gametogenesis is identified; and an entry site in the mitotically stable unit allows for the integration of human immunoglobulin genes into the unit.
  • ACs are provided that include: a functional centromere, a selectable marker and/or a unique cloning site.
  • the AC can exhibit one or more of the following properties: it can segregate stably as an independent chromosome, immunoglobulin sequences can be inserted in a controlled way and can expressed from the AC, it can be efficiently transmitted through the male and female germline and/or the transgenic animals can bear the chromosome in greater than about 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90% of its cells.
  • the AC can be isolated from fibroblasts (such as any mammalian or human fibroblast) in which it was mitotically stable. After transfer of the AC into hamster cells, a lox (such as loxP) site and a selectable marker site can be inserted. In other embodiments, the AC can maintain mitotic stability, for example, showing a loss of less than about 5, 2, 1, 0.5 or 0.25 percent per mitosis in the absence of selection. See also, US 2003/0064509 and WO 01/77357.
  • transgenic ungulates that expresses a xenogenous immunoglobulin loci or fragment thereof, wherein the immunoglobulin can be expressed from an immunoglobulin locus that is integrated within an endogenous ungulate chromosome.
  • ungulate cells derived from the transgenic animals are provided.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited by offspring.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited through the male germ line by offspring.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci.
  • porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus.
  • the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci.
  • porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus.
  • the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus.
  • the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof.
  • the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof.
  • an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC.
  • the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof.
  • the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement.
  • the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen.
  • the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • Human immunoglobulin genes such as the Ig heavy chain gene (human chromosome 414), Ig kappa chain gene (human chromosome #2) and/or the Ig lambda chain gene (chromosome #22) can be inserted into Acs, as described above. In a particular embodiment, any portion of the human heavy, kappa and/or lambda Ig genes can be inserted into ACs.
  • the nucleic acid can be at least 70, 80, 90, 95, or 99% identical to the corresponding region of a naturally-occurring nucleic acid from a human. In other embodiments, more than one class of human antibody is produced by the ungulate. In various embodiments, more than one different human Ig or antibody is produced by the ungulate.
  • an AC containing both a human Ig heavy chain gene and Ig light chain gene such as an automatic human artificial chromosome (“AHAC,” a circular recombinant nucleic acid molecule that is converted to a linear human chromosome in vivo by an endogenously expressed restriction endonuclease) can be introduced.
  • AHAC automatic human artificial chromosome
  • the human heavy chain loci and the light chain loci are on different chromosome arms (i.e., on different side of the centromere).
  • the heavy chain can include the mu heavy chain, and the light chain can be a lambda or kappa light chain.
  • the Ig genes can be introduced simultaneously or sequentially in one or more than one ACs.
  • the ungulate or ungulate cell expresses one or more nucleic acids encoding all or part of a human Ig gene which undergoes rearrangement and expresses more than one human Ig molecule, such as a human antibody protein.
  • the nucleic acid encoding the human Ig chain or antibody is in its unrearranged form (that is, the nucleic acid has not undergone V(D)J recombination).
  • all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a V gene segment of an antibody light chain can be separated from all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a J gene segment by one or more nucleotides.
  • all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a V gene segment of an antibody heavy chain can be separated from all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a D gene segment by one or more nucleotides, and/or all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a D gene segment of an antibody heavy chain are separated from all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a J gene segment by one or more nucleotides.
  • Administration of an antigen to a transgenic ungulate containing an unrearranged human Ig gene is followed by the rearrangement of the nucleic acid segments in the human Ig gene locus and the production of human antibodies reactive with the antigen.
  • the AC can express a portion or fragment of a human chromosome that contains an immunoglobulin gene. In one embodiment, the AC can express at least 300 or 1300 kb of the human light chain locus, such as described in Davies et al. 1993 Biotechnology 11:911-914.
  • the AC can express a portion of human chromosome 22 that contains at least the ⁇ light-chain locus, including V ⁇ gene segments, J ⁇ gene segments, and the single C ⁇ gene.
  • the AC can express at least one V ⁇ gene segment, at least one J ⁇ gene segment, and the C ⁇ gene.
  • ACs can contain portions of the lambda locus, such as described in Popov et al. J Exp Med. 1999 May 17; 189(10):1611-20.
  • the AC can express a portion of human chromosome 2 that contains at least the ⁇ light-chain locus, including V ⁇ gene segments, J ⁇ gene segments and the single C ⁇ gene. In another embodiment, the AC can express at least one V ⁇ gene segment, at least one J ⁇ gene segment and the C ⁇ gene.
  • AC containing portions of the kappa light chain locus can be those describe, for example, in Li et al. 2000 J Immunol 164: 812-824 and Li S Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987 June; 84(12):4229-33. In another embodiment, AC containing approximately 1.3 Mb of human kappa locus are provided, such as described in Zou et al FASEB J. 1996 August; 10(10):1227-32.
  • the AC can express a portion of human chromosome 14 that contains at least the human heavy-chain locus, including V H , D H , J H and C H gene segments.
  • the AC can express at least one V H gene segment, at least one D H gene segment, at least one J H gene segment and at least one at least one C H gene segment.
  • the AC can express at least 85 kb of the human heavy chain locus, such as described in Choi et al. 1993 Nat Gen 4:117-123 and/or Zou et al. 1996 PNAS 96: 14100-14105.
  • the AC can express portions of both heavy and light chain loci, such as, at least 220, 170, 800 or 1020 kb, for example, as disclosed in Green et al. 1994 Nat Gen 7:13-22; Mendez et al 1995 Genomics 26: 294-307; Mendez et al. 1997 Nat Gen 15: 146-156; Green et al. 1998 J Exp Med 188: 483-495 and/or Fishwild et al. 1996 Nat Biotech 14: 845-851.
  • the AC can express megabase amounts of human immunoglobulin, such as described in Nicholson J Immunol. 1999 Dec. 15; 163(12):6898-906 and Popov Gene. 1996 Oct.
  • MACs derived from human chromosome #14 comprising the Ig heavy chain gene
  • human chromosome #2 comprising the Ig kappa chain gene
  • human chromosome #22 comprising the Ig lambda chain gene
  • the total size of the MAC is less than or equal to approximately 10, 9, 8, or 7 megabases.
  • human Vh, human Dh, human Jh segments and human mu segments of human immunoglobulins in germline configuration can be inserted into an AC, such as a YAC, such that the Vh, Dh, Jh and mu DNA segments form a repertoire of immunoglobulins containing portions which correspond to the human DNA segments, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,807 to the Babraham Instititute.
  • ACs after insertion into ungulate cells and generation of ungulates can produce heavy chain immunoglobulins.
  • these immunoglobulins can form functional heavy chain-light chain immunoglobulins.
  • these immunoglobulins can be expressed in an amount allowing for recovery from suitable cells or body fluids of the ungulate.
  • Such immunoglobulins can be inserted into yeast artificial chromosome vectors, such as described by Burke, D T, Carle, G F and Olson, M V (1987) “Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors” Science, 236, 806-812, or by introduction of chromosome fragments (such as described by Richer, J and Lo, C W (1989) “Introduction of human DNA into mouse eggs by injection of dissected human chromosome fragments” Science 245, 175-177).
  • the human immunoglobulin genes can be first inserted into ACs and then the human-immunoglobulin-containing ACs can be inserted into the ungulate cells.
  • the ACs can be transferred to an intermediary mammalian cell, such as a CHO cell, prior to insertion into the ungulate call.
  • the intermediary mammalian cell can also contain and AC and the first AC can be inserted into the AC of the mammalian cell.
  • a YAC containing human immunoglobulin genes or fragments thereof in a yeast cell can be transferred to a mammalian cell that harbors an MAC. The YAC can be inserted into the MAC. The MAC can then be transferred to an ungulate cell.
  • the human Ig genes can be inserted into ACs by homologous recombination.
  • the resulting AC containing human Ig genes can then be introduced into ungulate cells.
  • One or more ungulate cells can be selected by techniques described herein or those known in the art, which contain an AC containing a human Ig.
  • Suitable hosts for introduction of the ACs are provided herein, which include but are not limited to any animal or plant, cell or tissue thereof, including, but not limited to: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, fish, arachnids, tobacco, tomato, wheat, monocots, dicots and algae.
  • the ACs can be condensed (Marschall et al Gene Ther. 1999 Sep.; 6(9):1634-7) by any reagent known in the art, including, but not limited to, spermine, spermidine, polyethylenimine, and/or polylysine prior to introduction into cells.
  • the ACs can be introduced by cell fusion or microcell fusion or subsequent to isolation by any method known to those of skill in this art, including but not limited to: direct DNA transfer, electroporation, nuclear transfer, microcell fusion, cell fusion, spheroplast fusion, lipid-mediated transfer, lipofection, liposomes, microprojectile bombardment, microinjection, calcium phosphate precipitation and/or any other suitable method.
  • Other methods for introducing DNA into cells include nuclear microinjection, electroporation, bacterial protoplast fusion with intact cells. Polycations, such as polybrene and polyornithine, may also be used.
  • the ACs can be introduced by direct DNA transformation; microinjection in cells or embryos, protoplast regeneration for plants, electroporation, microprojectile gun and other such methods known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Weissbach et al. (1988) Methods for Plant Molecular Biology, Academic Press, N.Y., Section VIII, pp. 421-463; Grierson et al. (1988) Plant Molecular Biology, 2d Ed., Blackie, London, Ch. 7-9; see, also U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,491,075; 5,482,928; and 5,424,409; see, also, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,708,).
  • one or more isolated YACs can be used that harbor human Ig genes.
  • the isolated YACs can be condensed (Marschall et al Gene Ther. 1999 September; 6(9):1634-7) by any reagent known in the art, including, but not limited to spermine, spermidine, polyethylenimine, and/or polylysine.
  • the condensed YACs can then be transferred to porcine cells by any method known in the art (for example, microinjection, electroporation, lipid mediated transfection, etc).
  • the condensed YAC can be transferred to oocytes via sperm-mediated gene transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) mediated gene transfer.
  • ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection
  • spheroplast fusion can be used to transfer YACs that harbor human Ig genes to porcine cells.
  • the AC containing the human Ig can be inserted into an adult, fetal, or embryonic ungulate cell.
  • ungulate cells include undifferentiated cells, such as embryonic cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells), differentiated or somatic cells, such as epithelial cells, neural cells epidermal cells, keratinocytes, hematopoietic cells, melanocytes, chondrocytes, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, erythrocytes, macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts, muscle cells, cells from the female reproductive system, such as a mammary gland, ovarian cumulus, granulosa, or oviductal cell, germ cells, placental cell, or cells derived from any organ, such as the bladder, brain, esophagus, fallopian tube, heart, intestines, gallbladder, kidney, liver, lung, ovaries, pancreas, prostate,
  • embryonic cells e.
  • the transfer of ACs containing human immunoglobulin genes to porcine cells can be accomplished via site specific recombinase mediated transfer.
  • the ACs can be transferred into porcine fibroblast cells.
  • the ACs can be YACs.
  • the circularized DNA, such as an AC, that contain the site specific recombinase target site can be transferred into a cell line that has a site specific recombinase target site within its genome.
  • the cell's site specific recombinase target site can be located within an exogenous chromosome.
  • the exogenous chromosome can be an artificial chromosome that does not integrate into the host's endogenous genome.
  • the AC can be transferred via germ line transmission to offspring.
  • a YAC containing a human immunoglobulin gene or fragment thereof can be circularized via a site specific recombinase and then transferred into a host cell that contains a MAC, wherein the MAC contains a site specific recombinase site.
  • This MAC that now contains human immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof can then be fused with a porcine cell, such as, but not limited to, a fibroblast. The porcine cell can then be used for nuclear transfer.
  • the ACs that contain human immunoglobulin genes or fragments thereof can be transferred to a mammalian cell, such as a CHO cell, prior to insertion into the ungulate call.
  • the intermediary mammalian cell can also contain and AC and the first AC can be inserted into the AC of the mammalian cell.
  • a YAC containing human immunoglobulin genes or fragments thereof in a yeast cell can be transferred to a mammalian cell that harbors a MAC. The YAC can be inserted in the MAC. The MAC can then be transferred to an ungulate cell.
  • the YAC harboring the human Ig genes or fragments thereof can contain site specific recombinase target sites.
  • the YAC can first be circularized via application of the appropriate site specific recombinase and then inserted into a mammalian cell that contains its own site specific recombinase target site. Then, the site specific recombinase can be applied to integrate the YAC into the MAC in the intermediary mammalian cell.
  • the site specific recombinase can be applied in cis or trans. In particular, the site specific recombinase can be applied in trans.
  • the site specific recombinase can be expressed via transfection of a site specific recombinase expression plasmid, such as a Cre expression plasmid.
  • a site specific recombinase expression plasmid such as a Cre expression plasmid.
  • one telomere region of the YAC can also be retrofitted with a selectable marker, such as a selectable marker described herein or known in the art.
  • the human Ig genes or fragments thereof within the MAC of the intermediary mammalian cell can then be transferred to an ungulate cell, such as a fibroblast.
  • the AC such as a YAC
  • harboring the human Ig genes or fragments thereof can contain site specific recombinase target sites optionally located near each telomere.
  • the YAC can first be circularized via application of the appropriate site specific recombinase and then inserted into an ungulate cell directly that contains its own site specific recombinase target site within it genome.
  • the ungulate cell can harbor its own MAC, which contains a site specific recombinase target site.
  • the YAC can be inserted directly into the endogenous genome of the ungulate cell.
  • the ungulate cell can be a fibroblast cell or any other suitable cell that can be used for nuclear transfer. See, for example, FIG. 7 ; Call et al., Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Jul. 22; 9(12):1745-51.
  • methods to circularize at least 100 kb of DNA wherein the DNA can then be integrated into a host genome via a site specific recombinase.
  • at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 kb of DNA can be circularized.
  • at least 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, or 20,000 megabases of DNA can be circularized.
  • the circularization of the DNA can be accomplished by attaching site specific recombinase target sites at each end of the DNA sequence and then applying the site specific recombinase to result in circularization of the DNA.
  • the site specific recombinase target site can be lox.
  • the site specific recombinase target site can be Flt.
  • the DNA can be an artificial chromosome, such as a YAC or any AC described herein or known in the art.
  • the AC can contain human immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof.
  • the YAC can be converted to, or integrated within, an artificial mammalian chromosome.
  • the mammalian artificial chromosome is either transferred to or harbored within a porcine cell.
  • the artificial chromosome can be introduced within the porcine genome through any method known in the art including but not limited to direct injection of metaphase chromosomes, lipid mediated gene transfer, or microcell fusion.
  • Site-specific recombinases include enzymes or recombinases that recognize and bind to a short nucleic acid site or sequence-specific recombinase target site, i.e., a recombinase recognition site, and catalyze the recombination of nucleic acid in relation to these sites.
  • These enzymes include recombinases, transposases and integrases.
  • sequence-specific recombinase target sites include, but are not limited to, lox sites, att sites, dif sites and frt sites.
  • Non-limiting examples of site-specific recombinases include, but are not limited to, bacteriophage P1 Cre recombinase, yeast FLP recombinase, Inti integrase, bacteriophage ⁇ , phi 80, P22, P2, 186, and P4 recombinase, Tn3 resolvase, the Hin recombinase, and the Cin recombinase, E. coli xerC and xerD recombinases, Bacillus thuringiensis recombinase, TpnI and the ⁇ -lactamase transposons, and the immunoglobulin recombinases.
  • the recombination site can be a lox site that is recognized by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1.
  • Lox sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the cre gene of bacteriophage P1, the Cre recombinase, can catalyze a site-specific recombination event.
  • a variety of lox sites are known in the art, including the naturally occurring loxP, loxB, loxL and loxR, as well as a number of mutant, or variant, lox sites, such as loxP511, loxP514, lox.DELTA.86, lox.DELTA.117, loxC2, loxP2, loxP3 and lox P23. Additional example of lox sites include, but are not limited to, loxB, loxL, loxR, loxP, loxP3, loxP23, lox ⁇ 86, lox ⁇ 117, loxP511, and loxC2.
  • the recombination site is a recombination site that is recognized by a recombinases other than Cre.
  • the recombinase site can be the FRT sites recognized by FLP recombinase of the 2 pi plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
  • FRT sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the FLP gene of the yeast 2 micron plasmid, FLP recombinase, can catalyze site-specific recombination.
  • non-Cre recombinases include, but are not limited to, site-specific recombinases include: att sites recognized by the Int recombinase of bacteriophage ⁇ (e.g. att1, att2, att3, attP, attB, attL, and attR), the recombination sites recognized by the resolvase family, and the recombination site recognized by transposase of Bacillus thruingiensis.
  • site-specific recombinases include: att sites recognized by the Int recombinase of bacteriophage ⁇ (e.g. att1, att2, att3, attP, attB, attL, and attR), the recombination sites recognized by the resolvase family, and the recombination site recognized by transposase of Bacillus thruingiensis.
  • ungulates that contain the genetic modifications described herein can be produced by any method known to one skilled in the art. Such methods include, but are not limited to: nuclear transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, modification of zygotes directly and sperm mediated gene transfer.
  • a method to clone such animals includes: enucleating an oocyte, fusing the oocyte with a donor nucleus from a cell in which at least one allele of at least one immunoglobulin gene has been inactivated, and implanting the nuclear transfer-derived embryo into a surrogate mother.
  • a method for producing viable animals that lack any expression of functional immunoglobulin by inactivating both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene in embryonic stem cells, which can then be used to produce offspring.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing viable animals, such as pigs, in which both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene have been rendered inactive.
  • the animals are produced by cloning using a donor nucleus from a cell in which both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene have been inactivated.
  • both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene are inactivated via a genetic targeting event.
  • the modified zygotes can be then introduced into the uterus of a pseudopregnant female capable of carrying the animal to term.
  • a pseudopregnant female capable of carrying the animal to term.
  • embryonic stem cells derived from that animal can be targeted and later introduced into blastocysts for growing the modified cells into chimeric animals.
  • embryonic stem cells either an embryonic stem cell line or freshly obtained stem cells can be used.
  • the totipotent cells are embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • ES embryonic stem
  • the isolation of ES cells from blastocysts, the establishing of ES cell lines and their subsequent cultivation are carried out by conventional methods as described, for example, by Doetchmann et al., J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 87:27-45 (1985); Li et al., Cell 69:915-926 (1992); Robertson, E. J. “Tetracarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach,” ed. E. J. Robertson, IRL Press, Oxford, England (1987); Wurst and Joyner, “Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach,” ed. A. L.
  • the totipotent cells are embryonic germ (EG) cells.
  • Embryonic Germ cells are undifferentiated cells functionally equivalent to ES cells, that is they can be cultured and transfected in vitro, then contribute to somatic and germ cell lineages of a chimera (Stewart et al., Dev. Biol. 161:626-628 (1994)).
  • EG cells are derived by culture of primordial germ cells, the progenitors of the gametes, with a combination of growth factors: leukemia inhibitory factor, steel factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (Matsui et al., Cell 70:841-847 (1992); Resnick et al., Nature 359:550-551 (1992)).
  • the cultivation of EG cells can be carried out using methods described in the article by Donovan et al., “Transgenic Animals, Generation and Use,” Ed. L. M. Houdebine, Harwood Academic Publishers (1997), and in the original literature cited therein.
  • Tetraploid blastocysts for use in the invention may be obtained by natural zygote production and development, or by known methods by electrofusion of two-cell embryos and subsequently cultured as described, for example, by James et al., Genet. Res. Camb. 60:185-194 (1992); Nagy and Rossant, “Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach,” ed. A. L. Joyner, IRL Press, Oxford, England (1993); or by Kubiak and Tarkowski, Exp. Cell Res. 157:561-566 (1985).
  • the introduction of the ES cells or EG cells into the blastocysts can be carried out by any method known in the art.
  • a suitable method for the purposes of the present invention is the microinjection method as described by Wang et al., EMBO J. 10:2437-2450 (1991).
  • transgenic animals can be produced.
  • the genetically modified embryonic stem cells can be injected into a blastocyst and then brought to term in a female host mammal in accordance with conventional techniques.
  • Heterozygous progeny can then be screened for the presence of the alteration at the site of the target locus, using techniques such as PCR or Southern blotting. After mating with a wild-type host of the same species, the resulting chimeric progeny can then be cross-mated to achieve homozygous hosts.
  • the cells After transforming embryonic stem cells with the targeting vector to alter the immunoglobulin gene, the cells can be plated onto a feeder layer in an appropriate medium, e.g., fetal bovine serum enhanced DMEM. Cells containing the construct can be detected by employing a selective medium, and after sufficient time for colonies to grow, colonies can be picked and analyzed for the occurrence of homologous recombination. Polymerase chain reaction can be used, with primers within and without the construct sequence but at the target locus. Those colonies which show homologous recombination can then be used for embryo manipulating and blastocyst injection. Blastocysts can be obtained from superovulated females.
  • an appropriate medium e.g., fetal bovine serum enhanced DMEM.
  • the embryonic stem cells can then be trypsinized and the modified cells added to a droplet containing the blastocysts. At least one of the modified embryonic stem cells can be injected into the blastocoel of the blastocyst. After injection, at least one of the blastocysts can be returned to each uterine horn of pseudopregnant females. Females are then allowed to go to term and the resulting litters screened for mutant cells having the construct. The blastocysts are selected for different parentage from the transformed ES cells. By providing for a different phenotype of the blastocyst and the ES cells, chimeric progeny can be readily detected, and then genotyping can be conducted to probe for the presence of the modified immunoglobulin gene.
  • sperm mediated gene transfer can be used to produce the genetically modified ungulates described herein.
  • the methods and compositions described herein to either eliminate expression of endogenous immunoglobulin genes or insert xenogenous immunoglobulin genes can be used to genetically modify the sperm cells via any technique described herein or known in the art.
  • the genetically modified sperm can then be used to impregnate a female recipient via artificial insemination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection or any other known technique.
  • the sperm and/or sperm head can be incubated with the exogenous nucleic acid for a sufficient time period.
  • Sufficient time periods include, for example, about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, typically about 45 seconds to about 3 minutes, more typically about 1 minute to about 2 minutes.
  • the expression of xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin genes in ungulates as described herein can be accomplished via intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
  • sperm cells as vectors for gene transfer was first suggested by Brackett et al., Proc., Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:353-357 (1971). This was followed by reports of the production of transgenic mice and pigs after in vitro fertilization of oocytes with sperm that had been incubated by naked DNA (see, for example, Lavitrano et al., Cell 57:717-723 (1989) and Gandolfi et al. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Abstract Series 4, 10 (1989)), although other laboratories were not able to repeat these experiments (see, for example, Brinster et al.
  • intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used to produce the genetically modified ungulates described herein. This can be accomplished by co-inserting an exogenous nucleic acid and a sperm into the cytoplasm of an unfertilized oocyte to form a transgenic fertilized oocyte, and allowing the transgenic fertilized oocyte to develop into a transgenic embryo and, if desired, into a live offspring.
  • the sperm can be a membrane-disrupted sperm head or a demembranated sperm head.
  • the co-insertion step can include the substep of preincubating the sperm with the exogenous nucleic acid for a sufficient time period, for example, about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, typically about 45 seconds to about 3 minutes, more typically about 1 minute to about 2 minutes.
  • the co-insertion of the sperm and exogenous nucleic acid into the oocyte can be via microinjection.
  • the exogenous nucleic acid mixed with the sperm can contain more than one transgene, to produce an embryo that is transgenic for more than one transgene as described herein.
  • the intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be accomplished by any technique known in the art, see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,743.
  • the expression of xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin genes in ungulates as described herein can be accomplished via intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
  • any additional technique known in the art may be used to introduce the transgene into animals.
  • Such techniques include, but are not limited to pronuclear microinjection (see, for example, Hoppe, P. C. and Wagner, T. E., 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,191); retrovirus mediated gene transfer into germ lines (see, for example, Van der Putten et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 82:6148-6152); gene targeting in embryonic stem cells (see, for example, Thompson et al., 1989, Cell 56:313-321; Wheeler, M. B., 1994, WO 94/26884); electroporation of embryos (see, for example, Lo, 1983, Mol Cell.
  • Biol. 3:1803-1814 cell gun; transfection; transduction; retroviral infection; adenoviral infection; adenoviral-associated infection; liposome-mediated gene transfer; naked DNA transfer; and sperm-mediated gene transfer (see, for example, Lavitrano et al., 1989, Cell 57:717-723); etc.
  • xenogenous such as human, immunoglobulin genes in ungulates as described herein, can be accomplished via these techniques.
  • ungulate such as porcine or bovine, cells lacking one allele, optionally both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be used as donor cells for nuclear transfer into recipient cells to produce cloned, transgenic animals.
  • ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene knockouts can be created in embryonic stem cells, which are then used to produce offspring.
  • Offspring lacking a single allele of a functional ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein can be breed to further produce offspring lacking functionality in both alleles through mendelian type inheritance.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing viable pigs that lack any expression of functional alpha-1,3-GT by breeding a male pig heterozygous for the alpha-1,3-GT gene with a female pig heterozygous for the alpha-1,3-GT gene.
  • the pigs are heterozygous due to the genetic modification of one allele of the alpha-1,3-GT gene to prevent expression of that allele.
  • the pigs are heterozygous due to the presence of a point mutation in one allele of the alpha-1,3-GT gene.
  • the point mutation can be a T-to-G point mutation at the second base of exon 9 of the alpha-1,3-GT gene.
  • a method to produce a porcine animal that lacks any expression of functional alpha-1,3-GT wherein a male pig that contains a T-to-G point mutation at the second base of exon 9 of the alpha-1,3-GT gene is bred with a female pig that contains a T-to-G point mutation at the second base of exon 9 of the alpha-1,3-GT gene, or vise versa.
  • the present invention provides a method for cloning an animal, such as a pig, lacking a functional immunoglobulin gene via somatic cell nuclear transfer.
  • the animal can be produced by a nuclear transfer process comprising the following steps: obtaining desired differentiated cells to be used as a source of donor nuclei; obtaining oocytes from the animal; enucleating said oocytes; transferring the desired differentiated cell or cell nucleus into the enucleated oocyte, e.g., by fusion or injection, to form NT units; activating the resultant NT unit; and transferring said cultured NT unit to a host animal such that the NT unit develops into a fetus.
  • Nuclear transfer techniques or nuclear transplantation techniques are known in the art(Dai et al. Nature Biotechnology 20:251-255; Polejaeva et al Nature 407:86-90 (2000); Campbell et al, Theriogenology, 43:181 (1995); Collas et al, Mol. Report Dev., 38:264-267 (1994); Keefer et al, Biol. Reprod., 50:935-939 (1994); Sims et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 90:6143-6147 (1993); WO 94/26884; WO 94/24274, and WO 90/03432, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,944,384 and 5,057,420).
  • a donor cell nucleus which has been modified to alter the immunoglobulin gene, is transferred to a recipient oocyte.
  • the use of this method is not restricted to a particular donor cell type.
  • the donor cell can be as described herein, see also, for example, Wilmut et al Nature 385 810 (1997); Campbell et al Nature 380 64-66 (1996); Dai et al., Nature Biotechnology 20:251-255, 2002 or Cibelli et al Science 280 1256-1258 (1998). All cells of normal karyotype, including embryonic, fetal and adult somatic cells which can be used successfully in nuclear transfer can be employed. Fetal fibroblasts are a particularly useful class of donor cells.
  • Donor cells can also be, but do not have to be, in culture and can be quiescent.
  • Nuclear donor cells which are quiescent are cells which can be induced to enter quiescence or exist in a quiescent state in vivo.
  • Prior art methods have also used embryonic cell types in cloning procedures (Campbell et al (Nature, 380:64-68, 1996) and Stice et al (Biol. Reprod., 20 54:100-110, 1996).
  • Somatic nuclear donor cells may be obtained from a variety of different organs and tissues such as, but not limited to, skin, mesenchyme, lung, pancreas, heart, intestine, stomach, bladder, blood vessels, kidney, urethra, reproductive organs, and a disaggregated preparation of a whole or part of an embryo, fetus, or adult animal.
  • nuclear donor cells are selected from the group consisting of epithelial cells, fibroblast cells, neural cells, keratinocytes, hematopoietic cells, melanocytes, chondrocytes, lymphocytes (B and T), macrophages, monocytes, mononuclear cells, cardiac muscle cells, other muscle cells, extended cells, cumulus cells, epidermal cells or endothelial cells.
  • the nuclear donor cell is an embryonic stem cell.
  • fibroblast cells can be used as donor cells.
  • the nuclear donor cells of the invention are germ cells of an animal. Any germ cell of an animal species in the embryonic, fetal, or adult stage may be used as a nuclear donor cell. In a suitable embodiment, the nuclear donor cell is an embryonic germ cell.
  • Nuclear donor cells may be arrested in any phase of the cell cycle (G0, G1, G2, S, M) so as to ensure coordination with the acceptor cell. Any method known in the art may be used to manipulate the cell cycle phase. Methods to control the cell cycle phase include, but are not limited to, G0 quiescence induced by contact inhibition of cultured cells, G0 quiescence induced by removal of serum or other essential nutrient, G0 quiescence induced by senescence, G0 quiescence induced by addition of a specific growth factor; G0 or G1 quiescence induced by physical or chemical means such as heat shock, hyperbaric pressure or other treatment with a chemical, hormone, growth factor or other substance; S-phase control via treatment with a chemical agent which interferes with any point of the replication procedure; M-phase control via selection using fluorescence activated cell sorting, mitotic shake off, treatment with microtubule disrupting agents or any chemical which disrupts progression in mitosis (see also Freshney, R. I., “Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique
  • oocytes Methods for isolation of oocytes are well known in the art. Essentially, this can comprise isolating oocytes from the ovaries or reproductive tract of an animal. A readily available source of oocytes is slaughterhouse materials. For the combination of techniques such as genetic engineering, nuclear transfer and cloning, oocytes must generally be matured in vitro before these cells can be used as recipient cells for nuclear transfer, and before they can be fertilized by the sperm cell to develop into an embryo.
  • This process generally requires collecting immature (prophase I) oocytes from mammalian ovaries, e.g., bovine ovaries obtained at a slaughterhouse, and maturing the oocytes in a maturation medium prior to fertilization or enucleation until the oocyte attains the metaphase II stage, which in the case of bovine oocytes generally occurs about 18-24 hours post-aspiration. This period of time is known as the “maturation period”.
  • the oocyte is obtained from a gilt.
  • a “gilt” is a female pig that has never had offspring.
  • the oocyte is obtained from a sow.
  • a “sow” is a female pig that has previously produced offspring.
  • a metaphase II stage oocyte can be the recipient oocyte, at this stage it is believed that the oocyte can be or is sufficiently “activated” to treat the introduced nucleus as it does a fertilizing sperm.
  • Metaphase II stage oocytes which have been matured in vivo have been successfully used in nuclear transfer techniques. Essentially, mature metaphase II oocytes can be collected surgically from either non-superovulated or superovulated animal 35 to 48, or 39-41, hours past the onset of estrus or past the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or similar hormone.
  • the oocyte can be placed in an appropriate medium, such as a hyaluronidase solution.
  • the oocytes can be enucleated. Prior to enucleation the oocytes can be removed and placed in appropriate medium, such as HECM containing 1 milligram per milliliter of hyaluronidase prior to removal of cumulus cells. The stripped oocytes can then be screened for polar bodies, and the selected metaphase II oocytes, as determined by the presence of polar bodies, are then used for nuclear transfer. Enucleation follows.
  • Enucleation can be performed by known methods, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,384.
  • metaphase II oocytes can be placed in either HECM, optionally containing 7.5 micrograms per milliliter cytochalasin B, for immediate enucleation, or can be placed in a suitable medium, for example an embryo culture medium such as CR1aa, plus 10% estrus cow serum, and then enucleated later, such as not more than 24 hours later, or not more than 16-18 hours later.
  • Enucleation can be accomplished microsurgically using a micropipette to remove the polar body and the adjacent cytoplasm.
  • the oocytes can then be screened to identify those of which have been successfully enucleated.
  • One way to screen the oocytes is to stain the oocytes with 1 microgram per milliliter 33342 Hoechst dye in HECM, and then view the oocytes under ultraviolet irradiation for less than 10 seconds.
  • the oocytes that have been successfully enucleated can then be placed in a suitable culture medium, for example, CR1aa plus 10% serum.
  • a single mammalian cell of the same species as the enucleated oocyte can then be transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated oocyte used to produce the NT unit.
  • the mammalian cell and the enucleated oocyte can be used to produce NT units according to methods known in the art.
  • the cells can be fused by electrofusion. Electrofusion is accomplished by providing a pulse of electricity that is sufficient to cause a transient breakdown of the plasma membrane. This breakdown of the plasma membrane is very short because the membrane reforms rapidly. Thus, if two adjacent membranes are induced to breakdown and upon reformation the lipid bilayers intermingle, small channels can open between the two cells.
  • thermodynamic instability Due to the thermodynamic instability of such a small opening, it enlarges until the two cells become one. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,997,384 by Prather et al.
  • electrofusion media can be used including, for example, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol and phosphate buffered solution. Fusion can also be accomplished using Sendai virus as a fusogenic agent (Graham, Wister Inot. Symp. Monogr., 9, 19, 1969).
  • the nucleus can be injected directly into the oocyte rather than using electroporation fusion. See, for example, Collas and Barnes, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 38:264-267 (1994).
  • the resultant fused NT units are then placed in a suitable medium until activation, for example, CR1aa medium.
  • activation can be effected shortly thereafter, for example less than 24 hours later, or about 4-9 hours later, or optimally 1-2 hours after fusion. In a particular embodiment, activation occurs at least one hour post fusion and at 40-41 hours post maturation.
  • the NT unit can be activated by known methods. Such methods include, for example, culturing the NT unit at sub-physiological temperature, in essence by applying a cold, or actually cool temperature shock to the NT unit. This can be most conveniently done by culturing the NT unit at room temperature, which is cold relative to the physiological temperature conditions to which embryos are normally exposed. Alternatively, activation can be achieved by application of known activation agents. For example, penetration of oocytes by sperm during fertilization has been shown to activate prefusion oocytes to yield greater numbers of viable pregnancies and multiple genetically identical calves after nuclear transfer. Also, treatments such as electrical and chemical shock can be used to activate NT embryos after fusion. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No.
  • Phosphorylation can be reduced by known methods, for example, by the addition of kinase inhibitors, e.g., serine-threonine kinase inhibitors, such as 6-dimethyl-aminopurine, staurosporine, 2-aminopurine, and sphingosine.
  • kinase inhibitors e.g., serine-threonine kinase inhibitors, such as 6-dimethyl-aminopurine, staurosporine, 2-aminopurine, and sphingosine.
  • phosphorylation of cellular proteins can be inhibited by introduction of a phosphatase into the oocyte, e.g., phosphatase 2A and phosphatase 2B.
  • the activated NT units can then be cultured in a suitable in vitro culture medium until the generation of cell colonies.
  • Culture media suitable for culturing and maturation of embryos are well known in the art. Examples of known media, which can be used for embryo culture and maintenance, include Ham's F-10+10% fetal calf serum (FCS), Tissue Culture Medium-199 (TCM-199)+10% fetal calf serum, Tyrodes-Albumin-Lactate-Pyruvate (TALP), Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), Eagle's and Whitten's media, and, in one specific example, the activated NT units can be cultured in NCSU-23 medium for about 1-4 h at approximately 38.6° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2.
  • the cultured NT unit or units can be washed and then placed in a suitable media contained in well plates which can contain a suitable confluent feeder layer.
  • Suitable feeder layers include, by way of example, fibroblasts and epithelial cells.
  • the NT units are cultured on the feeder layer until the NT units reach a size suitable for transferring to a recipient female, or for obtaining cells which can be used to produce cell colonies.
  • These NT units can be cultured until at least about 2 to 400 cells, about 4 to 128 cells, or at least about 50 cells.
  • Activated NT units can then be transferred (embryo transfers), zero(0)-144 hours post activation, to the oviduct of an female pigs.
  • the female pigs can be an estrus-synchronized recipient gilt.
  • Crossbred gilts large white/Duroc/Landrace) (280-400 lbs) can be used.
  • the gilts can be synchronized as recipient animals by oral administration of 18-20 mg Regu-Mate (Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.) mixed into the feed. Regu-Mate can be fed for 14 consecutive days.
  • Regu-Mate can be fed for 14 consecutive days.
  • One thousand units of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin hCG, Intervet America, Millsboro, Del.
  • the pregnancy can be brought to term and result in the birth of live offspring. In another embodiment, the pregnancy can be terminated early and embryonic cells can be harvested.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing viable animals that lack any expression of a functional immunoglobulin gene is provided by breeding a male heterozygous for the immunoglobulin gene with a female heterozygous for the immunoglobulin gene.
  • the animals are heterozygous due to the genetic modification of one allele of the immunoglobulin gene to prevent expression of that allele.
  • the animals are heterozygous due to the presence of a point mutation in one allele of the alpha-immunoglobulin gene.
  • such heterozygous knockouts can be bred with an ungulate that expresses xenogenous immunoglobulin, such as human.
  • a animal in one embodiment, can be obtained by breeding a transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof with an ungulate that expresses an xenogenous immunoglobulin.
  • a animal can be obtained by breeding a transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of one allele of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain with an ungulate that expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin.
  • an animal can be obtained by breeding a transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of one allele of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain and expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin with another transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of one allele of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain with an ungulate and expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin to produce a homozygous transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of both alleles of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain and expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin. Methods to produce such animals are also provided.
  • sexually mature animals produced from nuclear transfer from donor cells that carrying a homozygous knockout in the immunoglobulin gene can be bred and their offspring tested for the homozygous knockout. These homozygous knockout animals can then be bred to produce more animals.
  • oocytes from a sexually mature homozygous knockout animal can be in vitro fertilized using wild type sperm from two genetically diverse pig lines and the embryos implanted into suitable surrogates. Offspring from these matings can be tested for the presence of the knockout, for example, they can be tested by cDNA sequencing, and/or PCR. Then, at sexual maturity, animals from each of these litters can be mated.
  • pregnancies can be terminated early so that fetal fibroblasts can be isolated and further characterized phenotypically and/or genotypically. Fibroblasts that lack expression of the immunoglobulin gene can then be used for nuclear transfer according to the methods described herein to produce multiple pregnancies and offspring carrying the desired homozygous knockout.
  • animals or cells lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein can contain additional genetic modifications to eliminate the expression of xenoantigens.
  • the additional genetic modifications can be made by further genetically modifying cells obtained from the transgenic cells and animals described herein or by breeding the animals described herein with animals that have been further genetically modified.
  • Such animals can be modified to eliminate the expression of at least one allele of the alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene, the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase gene (see, for example, U.S. Ser. No. 10/863,116), the iGb3 synthase gene (see, for example, U.S.
  • the animals discloses herein can also contain genetic modifications to express fucosyltransferase, sialyltransferase and/or any member of the family of glucosyltransferases.
  • cells can be modified to contain multiple genetic modifications.
  • animals can be bred together to achieve multiple genetic modifications.
  • animals such as pigs, lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, can be bred with animals, such as pigs, lacking expression of alpha-1,3-galactosyl transferase (for example, as described in WO 04/028243).
  • genes responsible for xenograft rejection can be eliminated or reduced.
  • genes include, but are not limited to the CMP-NEUAc Hydroxylase Gene, the isoGloboside 3 Synthase gene, and the Forssman synthase gene.
  • genes or cDNA encoding complement related proteins, which are responsible for the suppression of complement mediated lysis can also be expressed in the animals and tissues of the present invention.
  • genes include, but are not limited to CD59, DAF, MCP and CD46 (see, for example, WO 99/53042; Chen et al.
  • TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor
  • heparin heparin
  • antithrombin hirudin
  • TFPI tick anticoagulant peptide
  • snake venom factor a snake venom factor
  • the animals or cells lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the present invention can be further modified to transgenically express a cytoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4-immunoglobin (CTLA4).
  • CTLA4 peptide or a biologically active fragment e.g., extracellular domain, truncated form of the peptide in which at least the transmembrane domain has been removed
  • the peptide may be, e.g., human or porcine.
  • the CTLA4 peptide can be mutated. Mutated peptides may have higher affinity than wildtype for porcine and/or human B7 molecules.
  • the mutated CTLA4 can be CTLA4 (Glu104, Tyr29).
  • the CTLA4 peptide can be modified such that it is expressed intracellularly.
  • Other modifications of the CTLA4 peptide include addition of a golgi retention signal to the N or C terminus.
  • the golgi retention signal may be, e.g., the sequence KDEL.
  • the CTLA4 peptide can be fused to a peptide dimerization domain or an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule.
  • the CTLA4 fusion peptides can include a linker sequence that can join the two peptides.
  • porcine Ig heavy-chain locus was isolated from a 3 ⁇ redundant porcine BAC library.
  • BAC libraries can be generated by fragmenting pig total genomic DNA, which can then be used to derive a BAC library representing at least three times the genome of the whole animal. BACs that contain porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin can then be selected through hybridization of probes selective for porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin as described herein.
  • Sequence from a clone was used to generate a primer complementary to a portion of the J-region (the primer is represented by Seq ID No. 2).
  • a primer was designed that was complementary to a portion of Ig heavy-chain mu constant region (the primer is represented by Seq ID No. 3).
  • These primers were used to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig heavy-chain (represented by Seq ID No. 4) that led the functional joining region (J-region) and sufficient flanking region to design and build a targeting vector.
  • the E. coli (Stable 2, Invitrogen cat #1026-019) that harbored these fragments was maintained at 30° C.
  • Regions of Seq. ID No. 4 were subcloned and used to assemble a targeting vector as shown in Seq. ID No. 5.
  • This vector was transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts that were subsequently subjected to selection with G418. Resulting colonies were screened by PCR to detect potential targeting events (Seq ID No. 6 and Seq ID No. 7, 5′ screen primers; and Seq ID No. 8 and Seq ID No. 9, 3′ screen primers). See FIG. 1 for a schematic illustrating the targeting. Targeting was confirmed by southern blotting. Piglets were generated by nuclear transfer using the targeted fetal fibroblasts as nuclear donors.
  • the targeted fetal fibroblasts were used as nuclear donor cells. Nuclear transfer was performed by methods that are well known in the art (see, e.g., Dai et al., Nature Biotechnology 20: 251-255, 2002; and Polejaeva et al., Nature 407:86-90, 2000).
  • a small amount of cytoplasm from directly beneath the first polar body was then aspirated using an 18 ⁇ M glass pipette (Humagen, Charlottesville, Va.). We exposed the aspirated karyoplast to ultraviolet light to confirm the presence of a metaphase plate.
  • a single fibroblast cell was placed under the zona pellucida in contact with each enucleated oocyte. Fusion and activation were induced by application of an AC pulse of 5 V for 5 s followed by two DC pulses of 1.5 kV/cm for 60 ⁇ s each using an ECM2001 Electrocell Manipulator (BTX Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Fused embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 1-4 h at 38.6° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 , and then transferred to the oviduct of an estrus-synchronized recipient gilt.
  • Crossbred gilts (large white/Duroc/landrace) (280-400 lbs) were synchronized as recipients by oral administration of 18-20 mg Regu-Mate (Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.) mixed into their feed. Regu-Mate was fed for 14 consecutive days. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1,000 units; Intervet America, Millsboro, Del.) was administered intra-muscularly 105 h after the last Regu-Mate treatment. Embryo transfers were done 22-26 h after the hCG injection.
  • Regu-Mate Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.
  • Seq ID 2 primer from ggccagacttcctcggaacagctca Butler subclone to am- plify J to C heavychain (637Xba5′)
  • Seq ID 3 primer for C ttccaggagaaggtgacggagct to amplify J to C heavy- chain (JM1L)
  • Seq ID 6 heavychain 5′ tctagaagacgctggagagaggccag primer for 5′ screen (HCKOXba5′2)
  • Seq ID 7 heavychain 3′ taaagcgcatgctccagactgcctt primer for 5′ screen (5′arm5′)
  • Seq ID 8 heavychain 5′ catcgccttctatcgccttcttt primer for 3′ screen (NEO4425)
  • Seq ID 9 heavychain 5′ catcgccttctatcgccttcttt primer for 3′ screen (NEO4425)
  • Probes for Heavy Chain Southern HC J Probe (used with Xba I digest) (Seq ID No 40) CTCTGCACTCACTACCGCCGGACGCGCACTGCCGTGCTGCCCATGGACCA CGCTGGGGAGGGGTGAGCGGACAGCACGTTAGGAAGTGTGTGTGCGCG TGGGTGCAAGTCGAGCCAAGGCCAAGATCCAGGGGCTGGGCCCTGTGCCC AGAGGAGAATGGCAGGTGGAGTGTAGCTGGATTGAAAGGTGGCCTGAAGG GTGGGGCATCCTGTTTGGAGGCTCACTCTCAGCCAGGGTCTCTGGTTC CTGCCGGGGTGGGGGGCGCAAGGTGCCTACCACACCCTGCTAGCCCCTCG TCCAGTCCCGGGCCTGCCTCTTCACCACGGAAGAGGATAAGCCAGGCTGC AGGCTTCATGTGCCGTGGAGAACCCAGTTCGGCCCTTGGAGG HC Mu Probe (used with Xba I digest) (Seq ID No 40) CTCTGCACTCACTACCGCCGGAC
  • porcine Ig kappa-chain locus was isolated from a 3 ⁇ redundant porcine BAC library.
  • BAC libraries can be generated by fragmenting pig total genomic DNA, which can then be used to derive a BAC library representing at least three times the genome of the whole animal. BACs that contain porcine kappa chain immunoglobulin can then be selected through hybridization of probes selective for porcine kappa chain immunoglobulin as described herein.
  • a fragment of porcine Ig light-chain kappa was amplified using a primer complementary to a portion of the J-region (the primer is represented by Seq ID No. 10) and a primer complementary to a region of kappa C-region (represented by Seq ID No.11).
  • the resulting amplimer was cloned into a plasmid vector and maintained in Stable2 cells at 30° C. (Seq ID No. 12). See FIG. 2 for a schematic illustration.
  • a fragment of porcine Ig light-chain kappa was amplified using a primer complementary to a portion of the C-region (Seq ID No. 13) and a primer complementary to a region of the kappa enhancer region (Seq ID No. 14).
  • the resulting amplimer was fragmented by restriction enzymes and DNA fragments that were produced were cloned, maintained in Stable2 cells at 30 degrees C. and sequenced.
  • two non-overlapping contigs were assembled (Seq ID No. 15, 5′ portion of amplimer; and Seq ID No. 16, 3′ portion of amplimer). Sequence from the downstream contig (Seq ID No.
  • Seq ID No. 16 was used to design a set of primers (Seq ID No. 17 and Seq ID No. 18) that were used to amplify a contiguous fragment near the enhancer (Seq ID No. 19).
  • a subclone of each Seq ID No. 12 and Seq ID No. 19 were used to build a targeting vector (Seq ID No. 20).
  • This vector was transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts that were subsequently subjected to selection with G418. Resulting colonies were screened by PCR to detect potential targeting events (Seq ID No. 21 and Seq ID No. 22, 5′ screen primers; and Seq ID No. 23 and Seq Id No 43, 3′ screen primers, and Seq ID No.
  • the targeted fetal fibroblasts were used as nuclear donor cells. Nuclear transfer was performed by methods that are well known in the art (see, e.g., Dai et al., Nature Biotechnology 20: 251-255, 2002; and Polejaeva et al., Nature 407:86-90, 2000).
  • Oocytes were collected 46-54 h after the hCG injection by reverse flush of the oviducts using pre-warmed Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA; 4 g ⁇ 1 ) (as described in Polejaeva, I. A., et al. ( Nature 407, 86-90 (2000)).
  • PBS Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • Enucleation of in vitro-matured oocytes was begun between 40 and 42 hours post-maturation as described in Polejaeva, I. A., et al. (Nature 407, 86-90 (2000)).
  • Recovered oocytes were washed in PBS containing 4 gl ⁇ 1 BSA at 38° C., and transferred to calcium-free phosphate-buffered NCSU-23 medium at 38° C. for transport to the laboratory.
  • a small amount of cytoplasm from directly beneath the first polar body was then aspirated using an 18 ⁇ M glass pipette (Humagen, Charlottesville, Va.).
  • We exposed the aspirated karyoplast was exposed to ultraviolet light to confirm the presence of a metaphase plate.
  • a single fibroblast cell was placed under the zona pellucida in contact with each enucleated oocyte. Fusion and activation were induced by application of an AC pulse of 5 V for 5 s followed by two DC pulses of 1.5 kV/cm for 60 ⁇ s each using an ECM2001 Electrocell Manipulator (BTX Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Fused embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 1-4 h at 38.6° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 , and then transferred to the oviduct of an estrus-synchronized recipient gilt.
  • Crossbred gilts (large white/Duroc/landrace) (280-400 lbs) were synchronized as recipients by oral administration of 18-20 mg Regu-Mate (Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.) mixed into their feed. Regu-Mate was fed for 14 consecutive days. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1,000 units; Intervet America, Millsboro, Del.) was administered intra-muscularly 105 h after the last Regu-Mate treatment. Embryo transfers were done 22-26 h after the hCG injection.
  • Regu-Mate Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.
  • BAC clones that contain portions of the porcine genome can be generated.
  • a portion of the porcine Ig lambda-chain locus was isolated from a 3 ⁇ redundant porcine BAC library.
  • BAC libraries can be generated by fragmenting pig total genomic DNA, which can then be used to derive a BAC library representing at least three times the genome of the whole animal.
  • BACs that contain porcine lambda chain immunoglobulin can then be selected through hybridization of probes selective for porcine lambda chain immunoglobulin as described herein.
  • BAC clones containing a lambda J-C flanking region can be independently fragmented and subcloned into a plasmid vector. Individual subdlones have been screened by PCR for the presence of a portion of the J to C intron. We have cloned several of these cassettes by amplifying from one C region to the next C region. This amplification was accomplished by using primers that are oriented to allow divergent extension within any one C region (Seq ID 26 and Seq ID 27). To obtain successful amplification, the extended products converge with extended products originated from adjacent C regions (as opposed to the same C region). This strategy produces primarily amplimers that extend from one C to the adjacent C.
  • amplimers are the result of amplification across the adjacent C and into the next C which lies beyond the adjacent C.
  • These multi-gene amplimers contain a portion of a C, both the J and C region of the next J-C unit, the J region of the third J-C unit, and a portion of the C region of the third J-C unit.
  • Seq ID 28 is one such amplimer and represents sequence that must be removed or disrupted.
  • porcine lambda sequences that have been cloned include: Seq ID No. 32, which includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first lambda J/C unit of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence; Seq ID No. 33, which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, from approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C; Seq ID No. 34, which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, approximately 11.8 Kb downstream of the J/C cluster region, near the enhancer; Seq ID No. 35, which includes approximately 12 Kb downstream of lambda, including the enhancer region; Seq ID No.
  • Seq ID No. 36 which includes approximately 17.6 Kb downstream of lambda
  • Seq ID No. 37 which includes approximately 19.1 Kb downstream of lambda
  • Seq ID No. 38 which includes approximately 21.3 Kb downstream of lambda
  • Seq ID No. 39 which includes approximately 27 Kb downstream of lambda.
  • Seq ID 26 5′ primer for ccttcctcctgcacctgtcaac lambda C to C amplimer (lamC5′)
  • Seq ID 27 3′ primer for tagacacaccagggtggccttg lambda C to C amplimer (lamC3′)
  • a vector is designed and built with one targeting arm that is homologous to a region upstream of J1 (i.e., the first J/C unit or sequence) and the other arm homologous to a region that is downstream of the last C (i.e., the last J/C unit or sequence)
  • This targeting vector utilizes a selectable marker (SM).
  • SM selectable marker
  • Seq ID No. 48 represents one example of a vector used in the first targeting strategy.
  • Seq ID No. 48 is a lambda light chain knockout vector which includes both 5′ and 3′ homology arms and Neo resistance factor.
  • Seq ID No. 49 is a lambda light chain 5′ arm sequence Seq ID AGGGTGTGGCCAAATACAGCATGGAGTAGCCATCATAAGGAATC No. 49 TTACACAAGCCTCCAAAATTGTGTTTCTGAAATTGGGTTTAAAG TACGTTTGCATTTTAAAAAGCCTGCCAGAAAATACAGAAAAATG TCTGTGATATGTCTCTGGCTGATAGGATTTTGCTTAGTTTTAAT TTTGGCTTTATAATTTTCTATAGTTATGAAAATGTTCACAAGAA GATATATTTCATTTTAGCTTCTAAAATAATTATAACACAGAAGT AATTTGTGCTTTAAAAAAATATTCAACACAGAAGTATATAAAGT AAAAATTGAGGAGTTCCCATCGTGGCTCAGTGATTAACAAACCC AACTAGTATCCATGAGGATATGGATTTGATCCCTGGCCTTGCTC AGTGGGTTGAGGATCCAGTGTTGCTGATCCCTGGCCTTGCTC AGTGGGTTGAGGATCCAGTGTTGCTGATCCCTGGCC
  • Seq. ID No. 50 is a lambda 3′ arm sequence Seq. ID GGGAAGGTATCTCCCAGGAAACTGGCCAGGACACATTGGTCC No. 50 TCCGCCCTCCTTCCTCCCACTCCTCCTCCAGACAGGACTG TGCCCACCCCCTGCCACCTTTCTGGCCAGAACTGTCCATGGC AGGTGACCTTCACATGAGCCCTTCCTCCCTGCCTGCCCTAGT GGGACCCTCCATACCTCCCCCTGGACCCCGTTGTCCTTTCTT TCCAGTGTGGCCCTGAGCATAACTGATGCCATCATGGGCTGC TGACCCACCCGGGACTGTGTTGTGCAGTGAGTCACTTCTCTG TCATCAGGGCTTTGTAATTGATAGATAGTGTTTCATCATCATCAT TAGGACCGGGTGGCCTCTATGCTCTCTGTTAGTCTCCAAACACT GATGAAAACCTTCGTTGGCATAGTCCCAGCTTCCTGTTGCCC ATCCATAAATCTTGACTTAGGGATGCACATCCTGTCTCCAAG CA
  • the targeting strategy utilizes a vector pair.
  • One targeting vector is designed to target upstream of J1. See FIG. 5 .
  • This targeting vector utilizes a selectable marker that can be selected for or against. Any combination of positive and negative selectable markers described herein or known in the art can be used.
  • a fusion gene composed of the coding region of Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK) and the Tn5 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (Neo resistance) genes is used. This fusion gene is flanked by recognition sites for any site specific recombinase (SSRRS) described herein or known in the art, such as lox sites.
  • SSRRS site specific recombinase
  • Cre is supplied in trans to delete the marker gene (See FIG. 5 ).
  • Cells that have deleted the marker gene are selected by addition of any drug known in the art that can be metabolized by TK into a toxic product, such as ganciclovir.
  • the resulting genotype is then targeted with a second vector.
  • the second targeting vector ( FIG. 6 ) is designed to target downstream of last C and uses a positive/negative selection system that is flanked on only one side by a specific recombination site (lox). The recombination site is placed distally in relation to the first targeting event.
  • Cre is again supplied in trans to mediate deletion from recombination site provided in the first targeting event to the recombination site delivered in the second targeting event.
  • the entire J to C cluster region will be removed.
  • the appropriate genotype is again selected by administration of ganciclovir.
  • the first vector pair was composed of Seq ID No. 44 (step 1 vector) and Seq ID No. 45 (step 2 vector).
  • the second vector pair was composed of Seq ID No. 46 (step 2 vector) and Seq ID No. 47 (step 1 vector).
  • the first vector pair is used to produce cells in which the entire J/cluster region is deleted.
  • the second vector pair is used to produce cells in which the entire J/C cluster region is deleted.
  • Fetal fibroblast cells that contain a heavy chain single knockout and a kappa chain single knockout will be used for further targeting. Such cells will be used to target the lambda locus via the methods and compositions described herein. The resulting offspring will be heterozygous knockouts for heavy chain, kappa chain and lambda chain. These animals will be further crossed with animals containing the human Ig genes as described herein and then crossbred with other single Ig knockout animals to produce porcine Ig double knockout animals with human Ig replacement genes.

Abstract

The present invention provides ungulate animals, tissue and organs as well as cells and cell lines derived from such animals, tissue and organs, which lack expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulin loci. The present invention also provides ungulate animals, tissue and organs as well as cells and cell lines derived from such animals, tissue and organs, which express xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin loci. The present invention further provides ungulate, such as porcine genomic DNA sequence of porcine heavy and light chain immunogobulins. Such animals, tissues, organs and cells can be used in research and medical therapy. In addition, methods are provided to prepare such animals, organs, tissues, and cells.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention provides ungulate animals, tissue and organs as well as cells and cell lines derived from such animals, tissue and organs, which lack expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulin loci. The present invention also provides ungulate animals, tissue and organs as well as cells and cell lines derived from such animals, tissue and organs, which express xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin loci. The present invention further provides ungulate, such as porcine genomic DNA sequence of porcine heavy and light chain immunogobulins. Such animals, tissues, organs and cells can be used in research and medical therapy. In addition, methods are provided to prepare such animals, organs, tissues, and cells.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • An antigen is an agent or substance that can be recognized by the body as ‘foreign’. Often it is only one relatively small chemical group of a larger foreign substance which acts as the antigen, for example a component of the cell wall of a bacterium. Most antigens are proteins, though carbohydrates can act as weak antigens. Bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms commonly contain many antigens, as do pollens, dust mites, molds, foods, and other substances. The body reacts to antigens by making antibodies. Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins (Igs)) are proteins that are manufactured by cells of the immune system that bind to an antigen or foreign protein. Antibodies circulate in the serum of blood to detect foreign antigens and constitute the gamma globulin part of the blood proteins. These antibodies interact chemically with the antigen in a highly specific manner, like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, forming an antigen/antibody complex, or immune complex. This binding neutralizes or brings about the destruction of the antigen.
  • When a vertebrate first encounters an antigen, it exhibits a primary humoral immune response. If the animal encounters the same antigen after a few days the immune response is more rapid and has a greater magnitude. The initial encounter causes specific immune cell (B-cell) clones to proliferate and differentiate. The progeny lymphocytes include not only effector cells (antibody producing cells) but also clones of memory cells, which retain the capacity to produce both effector and memory cells upon subsequent stimulation by the original antigen. The effector cells live for only a few days. The memory cells live for a lifetime and can be reactivated by a second stimulation with the same antigen. Thus, when an antigen is encountered a second time, its memory cells quickly produce effector cells which rapidly produce massive quantities of antibodies.
  • By exploiting the unique ability of antibodies to interact with antigens in a highly specific manner, antibodies have been developed as molecules that can be manufactured and used for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Because of their unique ability to bind to antigenic epitopes, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify molecules carrying that epitope or can be directed, by themselves or in conjunction with another moiety, to a specific site for diagnosis or therapy. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies can be generated against practically any pathogen or biological target. The term polyclonal antibody refers to immune sera that usually contain pathogen-specific antibodies of various isotypes and specificities. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies consist of a single immunoglobulin type, representing one isotype with one specificity.
  • In 1890, Shibasaburo Kitazato and Emil Behring conducted the fundamental experiment that demonstrated immunity can be transmitted from one animal to another by transferring the serum from an immune animal to a non-immune animal. This landmark experiment laid the foundation for the introduction of passive immunization into clinical practice. However, wide scale serum therapy was largely abandoned in the 1940s because of the toxicity associated with the administration of heterologous sera and the introduction of effective antimicrobial chemotherapy. Currently, such polyclonal antibody therapy is indicated to treat infectious diseases in relatively few situations, such as replacement therapy in immunoglobulin-deficient patients, post-exposure prophylaxis against several viruses (e.g., rabies, measles, hepatitis A and B, varicella), and toxin neutralization (diphtheria, tetanus, and botulism). Despite the limited use of serum therapy, in the United States, more than 16 metric tons of human antibodies are required each year for intravenous antibody therapy. Comparable levels of use exist in the economies of most highly industrialized countries, and the demand can be expected to grow rapidly in developing countries. Currently, human antibody for passive immunization is obtained from the pooled serum of donors. Thus, there is an inherent limitation in the amount of human antibody available for therapeutic and prophylactic therapies.
  • The use of antibodies for passive immunization against biological warfare agents represents a very promising defense strategy. The final line of defense against such agents is the immune system of the exposed individual. Current defense strategies against biological weapons include such measures as enhanced epidemiologic surveillance, vaccination, and use of antimicrobial agents. Since the potential threat of biological warfare and bioterrorism is inversely proportional to the number of immune persons in the targeted population, biological agents are potential weapons only against populations with a substantial proportion of susceptible persons.
  • Vaccination can reduce the susceptibility of a population against specific threats; provided that a safe vaccine exists that can induce a protective response. Unfortunately, inducing a protective response by vaccination may take longer than the time between exposure and onset of disease. Moreover, many vaccines require multiple doses to achieve a protective immune response, which would limit their usefulness in an emergency to provide rapid prophylaxis after an attack. In addition, not all vaccine recipients mount a protective response, even after receiving the recommended immunization schedule.
  • Drugs can provide protection when administered after exposure to certain agents, but none are available against many potential agents of biological warfare. Currently, no small-molecule drugs are available that prevent disease following exposure to preformed toxins. The only currently available intervention that could provide a state of immediate immunity is passive immunization with protective antibody (Arturo Casadevall “Passive Antibody Administration (Immediate Immunity) as a Specific Defense Against Biological Weapons” from Emerging Infectious Diseases, Posted Sep. 12, 2002).
  • In addition to providing protective immunity, modern antibody-based therapies constitute a potentially useful option against newly emergent pathogenic bacteria, fungi, virus and parasites (A. Casadevall and M. D. Scharff, Clinical Infectious Diseases 1995; 150). Therapies of patients with malignancies and cancer (C. Botti et al, Leukemia 1997; Suppl 2:S55-59; B. Bodey, S. E. Siegel, and H. E. Kaiser, Anticancer Res 1996; 16(2):661), therapy of steroid resistant rejection of transplanted organs as well as autoimmune diseases can also be achieved through the use of monoclonal or polyclonal antibody preparations (N. Bonnefoy-Berard and J. P. Revillard, J Heart Lung Transplant 1996; 15(5):435-442; C. Colby, et al Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30(10):1164-1174; M. J. Dugan, et al, Ann Hematol 1997; 75(1-2):41 2; W. Cendrowski, Boll Ist Sieroter Milan 1997; 58(4):339-343; L. K. Kastrukoff, et al Can J Neurol Sci 1978; 5(2):175178; J. E. Walker et al J Neurol Sci 1976; 29(2-4):303309).
  • Recent advances in the technology of antibody production provide the means to generate human antibody reagents, while avoiding the toxicities associated with human serum therapy. The advantages of antibody-based therapies include versatility, low toxicity, pathogen specificity, enhancement of immune function, and favorable pharmacokinetics.
  • The clinical use of monoclonal antibody therapeutics has just recently emerged. Monoclonal antibodies have now been approved as therapies in transplantation, cancer, infectious disease, cardiovascular disease and inflammation. In many more monoclonal antibodies are in late stage clinical trials to treat a broad range of disease indications. As a result, monoclonal antibodies represent one of the largest classes of drugs currently in development.
  • Despite the recent popularity of monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics, there are some obstacles for their use. For example, many therapeutic applications for monoclonal antibodies require repeated administrations, especially for chronic diseases such as autoimmunity or cancer. Because mice are convenient for immunization and recognize most human antigens as foreign, monoclonal antibodies against human targets with therapeutic potential have typically been of murine origin. However, murine monoclonal antibodies have inherent disadvantages as human therapeutics. For example, they require more frequent dosing to maintain a therapeutic level of monoclonal antibodies because of a shorter circulating half-life in humans than human antibodies. More critically, repeated administration of murine immunoglobulin creates the likelihood that the human immune system will recognize the mouse protein as foreign, generating a human anti-mouse antibody response, which can cause a severe allergic reaction. This possibility of reduced efficacy and safety has lead to the development of a number of technologies for reducing the immunogenicity of murine monoclonal antibodies.
  • Polyclonal antibodies are highly potent against multiple antigenic targets. They have the unique ability to target and kill a plurality of “evolving targets” linked with complex diseases. Also, of all drug classes, polyclonals have the highest probability of retaining activity in the event of antigen mutation. In addition, while monoclonals have limited therapeutic activity against infectious agents, polyclonals can both neutralize toxins and direct immune responses to eliminate pathogens, as well as biological warfare agents.
  • The development of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody production platforms to meet future demand for production capacity represents a promising area that is currently the subject of much research. One especially promising strategy is the introduction of human immunoglobulin genes into mice or large domestic animals. An extension of this technology would include inactivation of their endogenous immunoglobulin genes. Large animals, such as sheep, pigs and cattle, are all currently used in the production of plasma derived products, such as hyperimmune serum and clotting factors, for human use. This would support the use of human polyclonal antibodies from such species on the grounds of safety and ethics. Each of these species naturally produces considerable quantities of antibody in both serum and milk.
  • Arrangement of Genes Encoding Immunoglobulins
  • Antibody molecules are assembled from combinations of variable gene elements, and the possibilities resulting from combining the many variable gene elements in the germline enable the host to synthesize antibodies to an extraordinarily large number of antigens. Each antibody molecule consists of two classes of polypeptide chains, light (L) chains (that can be either kappa (κ) L-chain or lambda (λ) L-chain) and heavy (H) chains. The heavy and light chains join together to define a binding region for the epitope. A single antibody molecule has two identical copies of the L chain and two of the H chain. Each of the chains is comprised of a variable region (V) and a constant region (C). The variable region constitutes the antigen-binding site of the molecule. To achieve diverse antigen recognition, the DNA that encodes the variable region undergoes gene rearrangement. The constant region amino acid sequence is specific for a particular isotype of the antibody, as well as the host which produces the antibody, and thus does not undergo rearrangement.
  • The mechanism of DNA rearrangement is similar for the variable region of both the heavy- and light-chain loci, although only one joining event is needed to generate a light-chain gene whereas two are needed to generate a complete heavy-chain gene. The most common mode of rearrangement involves the looping-out and deletion of the DNA between two gene segments. This occurs when the coding sequences of the two gene segments are in the same orientation in the DNA. A second mode of recombination can occur between two gene segments that have opposite transcriptional orientations. This mode of recombination is less common, although such rearrangements can account for up to half of all Vκ to Jκ joins; the transcriptional orientation of half of the human Vκ gene segments is opposite to that of the Jκ gene segments.
  • The DNA sequence encoding a complete V region is generated by the somatic recombination of separate gene segments. The V region, or V domain, of an immunoglobulin heavy or light chain is encoded by more than one gene segment. For the light chain, the V domain is encoded by two separate DNA segments. The first segment encodes the first 95-101 amino acids of the light chain and is termed a V gene segment because it encodes most of the V domain. The second segment encodes the remainder of the V domain (up to 13 amino acids) and is termed a joining or J gene segment. The joining of a V and a J gene segment creates a continuous exon that encodes the whole of the light-chain V region. To make a complete immunoglobulin light-chain messenger RNA, the V-region exon is joined to the C-region sequence by RNA splicing after transcription.
  • A heavy-chain V region is encoded in three gene segments. In addition to the V and J gene segments (denoted VH and JH to distinguish them from the light-chain VL and JL), there is a third gene segment called the diversity or DH gene segment, which lies between the VH and JH gene segments. The process of recombination that generates a complete heavy-chain V region occurs in two separate stages. In the first, a DH gene segment is joined to a JH gene segment; then a VH gene segment rearranges to DJH to make a complete VH-region exon. As with the light-chain genes, RNA splicing joins the assembled V-region sequence to the neighboring C-region gene.
  • Diversification of the antibody repertoire occurs in two stages: primarily by rearrangement (“V(D)J recombination”) of Ig V, D and J gene segments in precursor B cells resident in the bone marrow, and then by somatic mutation and class switch recombination of these rearranged Ig genes when mature B cells are activated. Immunoglobulin somatic mutation and class switching are central to the maturation of the immune response and the generation of a “memory” response.
  • The genomic loci of antibodies are very large and they are located on different chromosomes. The immunoglobulin gene segments are organized into three clusters or genetic loci: the κ, λ, and heavy-chain loci. Each is organized slightly differently. For example, in humans, immunoglobulin genes are organized as follows. The λ light-chain locus is located on chromosome 22 and a cluster of Vλ gene segments is followed by four sets of Jλ gene segments each linked to a single Cλ gene. The κ light-chain locus is on chromosome 2 and the cluster of Vκ, gene segments is followed by a cluster of Jκ gene segments, and then by a single Cκ gene. The organization of the heavy-chain locus, on chromosome 14, resembles that of the κ locus, with separate clusters of VH, DH, and JH gene segments and of CH genes. The heavy-chain locus differs in one important way: instead of a single C-region, it contains a series of C regions arrayed one after the other, each of which corresponds to a different isotype. There are five immunoglobulin heavy chain isotypes: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE and IgD. Generally, a cell expresses only one at a time, beginning with IgM. The expression of other isotypes, such as IgG, can occur through isotype switching.
  • The joining of various V, D and J genes is an entirely random event that results in approximately 50,000 different possible combinations for VDJ(H) and approximately 1,000 for VJ(L). Subsequent random pairing of H and L chains brings the total number of antibody specificities to about 107 possibilities. Diversity is further increased by the imprecise joining of different genetic segments. Rearrangements occur on both DNA strands, but only one strand is transcribed (due to allelic exclusion). Only one rearrangement occurs in the life of a B cell because of irreversible deletions in DNA. Consequently, each mature B cell maintains one immunologic specificity and is maintained in the progeny or clone. This constitutes the molecular basis of the clonal selection; i.e., each antigenic determinant triggers the response of the pre-existing clone of B lymphocytes bearing the specific receptor molecule. The primary repertoire of B cells, which is established by V(D)J recombination, is primarily controlled by two closely linked genes, recombination activating gene (RAG)-1 and RAG-2.
  • Over the last decade, considerable diversity among vertebrates in both Ig gene diversity and antibody repertoire development has been revealed. Rodents and humans have five heavy chain classes, IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE and IgA, and each have four subclasses of IgG and one or two subclasses of IgA, while rabbits have a single IgG heavy chain gene but 13 genes for different IgA subclasses (Burnett, R. C et al. EMBO J. 8:4047; Honjo, In Honjo, T, Alt. F. W. T. H. eds, Immunoglobulin Genes p. 123 Academic Press, New York). Swine have at least six IgG subclasses (Kacskovics, I et al. 1994 J Immunol 153:3565), but no IgD (Butler et al. 1996 Inter. Immunol 8:1897-1904). A gene encoding IgD has only been described in rodents and primates. Diversity in the mechanism of repertoire development is exemplified by contrasting the pattern seen in rodents and primates with that reported for chickens, rabbits, swine and the domesticated Bovidae. Whereas the former group have a large number of VH genes belonging to seven to 10 families (Rathbun, G. In Hongo, T. Alt. F. W. and Rabbitts, T. H., eds, Immunoglobulin Genes, p. 63, Academic press New York), the VH genes of each member of the latter group belong to a single VH gene family (Sun, J. et al. 1994 J. Immunol. 1553:56118; Dufour, V et al. 1996, J Immunol. 156:2163). With the exception of the rabbit, this family is composed of less than 25 genes. Whereas rodents and primates can utilize four to six JH segments, only a single JH is available for repertoire development in the chicken (Reynaud et al. 1989 Adv. Immunol. 57:353). Similarly, Butler et al. (1996 Inter. Immunol 8:1897-1904) hypothesized that swine may resemble the chicken in having only a single JH gene. These species generally have fewer V, D and J genes; in the pig and cow a single VH gene family exists, consisting of less than 20 gene segments (Butler et al, Advances in Swine in Biomedical Research, eds: Tumbleson and Schook, 1996; Sinclair et al, J. Immunol. 159: 3883, 1997). Together with lower numbers of J and D gene segments, this results in significantly less diversity being generated by gene rearrangement. However, there does appear to be greater numbers of light chain genes in these species. Similar to humans and mice, these species express a single κ light chain but multiple λ light chain genes. However, these do not seem to affect the restricted diversity that is achieved by rearrangement.
  • Since combinatorial joining of more than 100 VH, 20-30 DH and four to six JH gene segments is a major mechanism of generating the antibody repertoire in humans, species with fewer VH, DH or JH segments must either generate a smaller repertoire or use alternative mechanisms for repertoire development. Ruminants, pigs, rabbits and chickens, utilize several mechanisms to generate antibody diversity. In these species there appears to be an important secondary repertoire development, which occurs in highly specialized lymphoid tissue such as ileal Peyer's patches (Binns and Licence, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 186: 661, 1985). Secondary repertoire development occurs in these species by a process of somatic mutation which is a random and not fully understood process. The mechanism for this repertoire diversification appears to be templated mutation, or gene conversion (Sun et al, J. Immunol. 153: 5618, 1994) and somatic hypermutation.
  • Gene conversion is important for antibody diversification in some higher vertebrates, such as chickens, rabbits and cows. In mice, however, conversion events appear to be infrequent among endogenous antibody genes. Gene conversion is a distinct diversifying mechanism characterized by transfers of homologous sequences from a donor antibody V gene segment to an acceptor V gene segment. If donor and acceptor segments have numerous sequence differences then gene conversion can introduce a set of sequence changes into a V region by a single event. Depending on the species, gene conversion events can occur before and/or after antigen exposure during B cell differentiation (Tsai et al. International Immunology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 55-64, January 2002).
  • Somatic hypermutation achieves diversification of antibody genes in all higher vertebrate species. It is typified by the introduction of single point mutations into antibody V(D)J segments. Generally, hypermutation appears to be activated in B cells by antigenic stimulation.
  • Production of Animals with Humanized Immune Systems
  • In order to reduce the immunogenicity of antibodies generated in mice for human therapeutics, various attempts have been made to replace murine protein sequences with human protein sequences in a process now known as humanization. Transgenic mice have been constructed which have had their own immunoglobulin genes functionally replaced with human immunoglobulin genes so that they produce human antibodies upon immunization. Elimination of mouse antibody production was achieved by inactivation of mouse Ig genes in embryonic stem (ES) cells by using gene-targeting technology to delete crucial cis-acting sequences involved in the process of mouse Ig gene rearrangement and expression. B cell development in these mutant mice could be restored by the introduction of megabase-sized YACs containing a human germline-configuration H- and κ L-chain minilocus transgene. The expression of fully human antibody in these transgenic mice was predominant, at a level of several 100 μg/l of blood. This level of expression is several hundred-fold higher than that detected in wild-type mice expressing the human Ig gene, indicating the importance of inactivating the endogenous mouse Ig genes in order to enhance human antibody production by mice.
  • The first humanization attempts utilized molecular biology techniques to construct recombinant antibodies. For example, the complementarity determining regions (CDR) from a mouse antibody specific for a hapten were grafted onto a human antibody framework, effecting a CDR replacement. The new antibody retained the binding specificity conveyed by the CDR sequences (P. T. Jones et al. Nature 321: 522-525 (1986)). The next level of humanization involved combining an entire mouse VH region with a human constant region such as gamma1 (S. L. Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 81, pp. 6851-6855 (1984)). However, these chimeric antibodies, which still contain greater than 30% xenogeneic sequences, are sometimes only marginally less immunogenic than totally xenogeneic antibodies (M. Bruggemann et al., J. Exp. Med., 170, pp. 2153-2157 (1989)).
  • Subsequently, attempts were carried out to introduce human immunoglobulin genes into the mouse, thus creating transgenic mice capable of responding to antigens with antibodies having human sequences (Bruggemann et al. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6709-6713 (1989)). Due to the large size of human immunoglobulin genomic loci, these attempts were thought to be limited by the amount of DNA, which could be stably maintained by available cloning vehicles. As a result, many investigators concentrated on producing mini-loci containing limited numbers of V region genes and having altered spatial distances between genes as compared to the natural or germline configuration (See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,825). These studies indicated that producing human sequence antibodies in mice was possible, but serious obstacles remained regarding obtaining sufficient diversity of binding specificities and effector functions (isotypes) from these transgenic animals to meet the growing demand for antibody therapeutics.
  • In order to provide additional diversity, work has been conducted to add large germline fragments of the human Ig locus into transgenic mammals. For example, a majority of the human V, D, and J region genes arranged with the same spacing found in the unrearranged germline of the human genome and the human Cμ and Cδ constant regions was introduced into mice using yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) cloning vectors (See, for example, WO 94/02602). A 22 kb DNA fragment comprising sequences encoding a human gamma-2 constant region and the upstream sequences required for class-switch recombination was latter appended to the foregoing transgene. In addition, a portion of a human kappa locus comprising Vκ, Jκ and Cκ region genes, also arranged with substantially the same spacing found in the unrearranged germline of the human genome, was introduced into mice using YACS. Gene targeting was used to inactivate the murine IgH & kappa light chain immunoglobulin gene loci and such knockout strains were bred with the above transgenic strains to generate a line of mice having the human V, D, J, Cμ, Cδ and Cγ2 constant regions as well as the human Vκ, Jκ and Cκ region genes all on an inactivated murine immunoglobulin background (See, for example, PCT patent application WO 94/02602 to Kucherlapati et al.; see also Mendez et al., Nature Genetics 15:146-156 (1997)).
  • Yeast artificial chromosomes as cloning vectors in combination with gene targeting of endogenous loci and breeding of transgenic mouse strains provided one solution to the problem of antibody diversity. Several advantages were obtained by this approach. One advantage was that YACs can be used to transfer hundreds of kilobases of DNA into a host cell. Therefore, use of YAC cloning vehicles allows inclusion of substantial portions of the entire human Ig heavy and light chain regions into a transgenic mouse thus approaching the level of potential diversity available in the human. Another advantage of this approach is that the large number of V genes has been shown to restore full B cell development in mice deficient in murine immunoglobulin production. This ensures that these reconstituted mice are provided with the requisite cells for mounting a robust human antibody response to any given immunogen. (See, for example, WO 94/02602; L. Green and A. Jakobovits, J. Exp. Med. 188:483-495 (1998)). A further advantage is that sequences can be deleted or inserted onto the YAC by utilizing high frequency homologous recombination in yeast. This provides for facile engineering of the YAC transgenes.
  • In addition, Green et al. Nature Genetics 7:13-21 (1994) describe the generation of YACs containing 245 kb and 190 kb-sized germline configuration fragments of the human heavy chain locus and kappa light chain locus, respectively, which contained core variable and constant region sequences. The work of Green et al. was recently extended to the introduction of greater than approximately 80% of the human antibody repertoire through introduction of megabase sized, germline configuration YAC fragments of the human heavy chain loci and kappa light chain loci, respectively, to produce XenoMouse™ mice. See, for example, Mendez et al. Nature Genetics 15:146-156 (1997), Green and Jakobovits J. Exp. Med. 188:483-495 (1998), European Patent No. EP 0 463 151 B1, PCT Publication Nos. WO 94/02602, WO 96/34096 and WO 98/24893.
  • Several strategies exist for the generation of mammals that produce human antibodies. In particular, there is the “minilocus” approach that is typified by work of GenPharm International, Inc. and the Medical Research Council, YAC introduction of large and substantially germline fragments of the Ig loci that is typified by work of Abgenix, Inc. (formerly Cell Genesys). The introduction of entire or substantially entire loci through the use microcell fusion as typified by work of Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha.
  • In the minilocus approach, an exogenous Ig locus is mimicked through the inclusion of pieces (individual genes) from the Ig locus. Thus, one or more VH genes, one or more DH genes, one or more JH genes, a mu constant region, and a second constant region (such as a gamma constant region) are formed into a construct for insertion into an animal. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,545,807, 5,545,806, 5,625,825, 5,625,126, 5,633,425, 5,661,016, 5,770,429, 5,789,650, 5,814,318, 5,591,669, 5,612,205, 5,721,367, 5,789,215, 5,643,763; European Patent No. 0 546 073; PCT Publication Nos. WO 92/03918, WO 92/22645, WO 92/22647, WO 92/22670, WO 93/12227, WO 94/00569, WO 94/25585, WO 96/14436, WO 97/13852, and WO 98/24884; Taylor et al. Nucleic Acids Research 20:6287-6295 (1992), Chen et al. International Immunology 5:647-656 (1993), Tuaillon et al. J. Immunol. 154:6453-6465 (1995), Choi et al. Nature Genetics 4:117-123 (1993), Lonberg et al. Nature 368:856-859 (1994), Taylor et al. International Immunology 6:579-591 (1994), Tuaillon et al. J. Immunol. 154:6453-6465 (1995), and Fishwild et al. Nature Biotech. 14:845-851 (1996).
  • In the microcell fusion approach, portions or whole human chromosomes can be introduced into mice (see, for example, European Patent Application No. EP 0 843 961 A1). Mice generated using this approach and containing the human Ig heavy chain locus will generally possess more than one, and potentially all, of the human constant region genes. Such mice will produce, therefore, antibodies that bind to particular antigens having a number of different constant regions.
  • While mice remain the most developed animal for the expression of human immunoglobulins in humans, recent technological advances have allowed for progress to begin in applying these techniques to other animals, such as cows. The general approach in mice has been to genetically modify embryonic stem cells of mice to knock-out murine immunoglobulins and then insert YACs containing human immunoglobulins into the ES cells. However, ES cells are not available for cows or other large animals such as sheep and pigs. Thus, several fundamental developments had to occur before even the possibility existed to generate large animals with immunoglobulin genes knocked-out and that express human antibody. The alternative to ES cell manipulation to create genetically modified animals is cloning using somatic cells that have been genetically modified. Cloning using genetically modified somatic cells for nuclear transfer has only recently been accomplished.
  • Since the announcement of Dolly's (a cloned sheep) birth from an adult somatic cell in 1997 (Wilmut, I., et al (1997) Nature 385: 810-813), ungulates, including cattle (Cibelli, J et al 1998 Science 280: 1266-1258; Kubota, C. et al. 2000 Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. 97: 990-995), goats (Baguisi, A. et al., (1999) Nat. Biotechnology 17: 456-461), and pigs (Polejaeva, I. A., et al. 2000 Nature 407: 86-90; Betthauser, J. et al. 2000 Nat. Biotechnology 18: 1055-1059) have been cloned.
  • The next technological advance was the development of the technique to genetically modify the cells prior to nuclear transfer to produce genetically modified animals. PCT publication No. WO 00/51424 to PPL Therapeutics describes the targeted genetic modification of somatic cells for nuclear transfer.
  • Subsequent to these fundamental developments, single and double allele knockouts of genes and the birth of live animals with these modifications have been reported. Between 2002 and 2004, three independent groups, Immerge Biotherapeutics, Inc. in collaboration with the University of Missouri (Lai et al. (Science (2002) 295: 1089-1092) & Kolber-Simonds et al. (PNAS. (2004) 101(19):7335-40)), Alexion Pharmaceuticals (Ramsoondar et al. (Biol Reprod (2003)69: 437-445) and Revivicor, Inc. (Dai et al. (Nature Biotechnology (2002) 20: 251-255) & Phelps et al. (Science (2003) January 17; 299(5605):411-4)) produced pigs that lacked one allele or both alleles of the alpha-1,3-GT gene via nuclear transfer from somatic cells with targeted genetic deletions. In 2003, Sedai et al. (Transplantation (2003) 76:900-902) reported the targeted disruption of one allele of the alpha-1,3-GT gene in cattle, followed by the successful nuclear transfer of the nucleus of the genetically modified cell and production of transgenic fetuses.
  • Thus, the feasibility of knocking-out immunoglobulin genes in large animals and inserting human immunoglobulin loci into their cells is just now beginning to be explored. However, due to the complexity and species differences of immunoglobulin genes, the genomic sequences and arrangement of Ig kappa, lambda and heavy chains remain poorly understood in most species. For example, in pigs, partial genomic sequence and organization has only been described for heavy chain constant alpha, heavy chain constant mu and heavy chain constant delta (Brown and Butler Mol Immunol. 1994 June; 31(8):633-42, Butler et al Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1994 October; 43(1-3):5-12, and Zhao et al J Immunol. 2003 Aug. 1; 171(3):1312-8).
  • In cows, the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus has been mapped (Zhao et al. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. 278:35024-32) and the cDNA sequence for the bovine kappa gene is known (See, for example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0037347). Further, approximately 4.6 kb of the bovine mu heavy chain locus has been sequenced and transgenic calves with decreased expression of heavy chain immunoglobulins have been created by disrupting one or both alleles of the bovine mu heavy chain. In addition, a mammalian artificial chromosome (MAC) vector containing the entire unarranged sequences of the human Ig H-chain and κ L-chain has been introduced into cows (TC cows) with the technology of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer and nuclear transfer of bovine fetal fibroblast cells (see, for example, Kuroiwa et al. 2002 Nature Biotechnology 20:889, Kuroiwa et al. 2004 Nat Genet. June 6 Epub, U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2003/0037347, 2003/0056237, 2004/0068760 and PCT Publication No. WO 02/07648).
  • While significant progress has been made in the production of bovine that express human immunoglobulin, little has been accomplished in other large animals, such as sheep, goats and pigs. Although cDNA sequence information for immunoglobulin genes of sheeps, goats and pigs is readily available in Genbank, the unique nature of immunoglobulin loci, which undergo massive rearrangements, creates the need to characterize beyond sequences known to be present in mRNAs (or cDNAs). Since immunoglobulin loci are modular and the coding regions are redundant, deletion of a known coding region does not ensure altered function of the locus. For example, if one were to delete the coding region of a heavy-chain variable region, the function of the locus would not be significantly altered because hundreds of other function variable genes remain in the locus. Therefore, one must first characterize the locus to identify a potential “Achilles heel”.
  • Despite some advancements in expressing human antibodies in cattle, greater challenges remain for inactivation of the endogenous bovine Ig genes, increasing expression levels of the human antibodies and creating human antibody expression in other large animals, such as porcine, for which the sequence and arrangement of immunoglobulin genes are largely unknown.
  • It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide the arrangement of ungulate immunoglobin germline gene sequence.
  • It is another object of the present invention to provide novel ungulate immunoglobulin genomic sequences.
  • It is a further object of the present invention to provide cells, tissues and animals lacking at least one allele of a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • It is another object of the present invention to provide ungulates that express human immunoglobulins.
  • It is a still further object of the present invention to provide methods to generate cells, tissues and animals lacking at least one allele of novel ungulate immunoglobulin gene sequences and/or express human immunoglobulins.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention provides for the first time ungulate immunoglobin germline gene sequence arrangement as well as novel genomic sequences thereof. In addition, novel ungulate cells, tissues and animals that lack at least one allele of a heavy or light chain immunoglobulin gene are provided. Based on this discovery, ungulates can be produced that completely lack at least one allele of a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin gene. In addition, these ungulates can be further modified to express xenoogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof.
  • In one aspect of the present invention, a transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins is provided. In one embodiment, the ungulate can lack any expression of endogenous heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulins. The light chain immunoglobulin can be a kappa and/or lambda immunoglobulin. In additional embodiments, transgenic ungulates are provided that lack expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be accomplished by genetic targeting of the endogenous immunoglobulin loci to prevent expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the genetic targeting can be accomplished via homologous recombination. In another embodiment, the transgenic ungulate can be produced via nuclear transfer.
  • In other embodiments, the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci. In an alternative embodiment, porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus. In one embodiment, the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, transgenic ungulates are provided that expresses a xenogenous immunoglobulin loci or fragment thereof, wherein the immunoglobulin can be expressed from an immunoglobulin locus that is integrated within an endogenous ungulate chromosome. In one embodiment, ungulate cells derived from the transgenic animals are provided. In one embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited by offspring. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited through the male germ line by offspring. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, novel genomic sequences encoding the heavy chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided. In one embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding porcine heavy chain is provided that includes at least one variable region, two diversity regions, at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 29. In another embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that includes at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 4. In a further embodiment, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 1. Still further, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in the 3′ region of Seq ID No 4. In further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. In one embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains at least 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No 4 or residues 1-9,070 of Seq ID No 29. In another embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains residues 9,070-11039 of Seq ID No 29. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • In another embodiment, novel genomic sequences encoding the kappa light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided. The present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate kappa light chain regions. In one embodiment, nucleic acid sequence is provided that encodes the porcine kappa light chain locus. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence can contain at least one joining region, one constant region and/or one enhancer region of kappa light chain. In a further embodiment, the nucleotide sequence can include at least five joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 30. In a further embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four or five joining regions and 3′ flanking sequence to the joining region of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 12. In another embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence of porcine genomic kappa light chain is provided that contains 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 25. In a further embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains 3′ flanking sequence to the constant region and, optionally, the 5′ portion of the enhancer region, of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID Nos. 15, 16 and/or 19.
  • In further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • In another embodiment, novel genomic sequences encoding the lambda light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided. The present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate lambda light chain regions. In one embodiment, the porcine lambda light chain nucleotides include a concatamer of J to C units. In a specific embodiment, an isolated porcine lambda nucleotide sequence is provided, such as that depicted in Seq ID No. 28. In one embodiment, a nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first lambda J/C unit of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented by Seq ID No 32. Still further, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C, such as that represented by Seq ID No 33. Alternatively, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented by Seq ID No 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and/or 39.
  • In a further embodiment, nucleic acid sequences are provided that encode bovine lambda light chain locus, which can include at least one joining region-constant region pair and/or at least one variable region, for example, as represented by Seq ID No. 31. In further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • In another embodiment, nucleic acid targeting vector constructs are also provided. The targeting vectors can be designed to accomplish homologous recombination in cells. These targeting vectors can be transformed into mammalian cells to target the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genes via homologous recombination. In one embodiment, the targeting vectors can contain a 3′ recombination arm and a 5′ recombination arm (i.e. flanking sequence) that is homologous to the genomic sequence of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, sequence represented by Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. The homologous DNA sequence can include at least 15 bp, 20 bp, 25 bp, 50 bp, 100 bp, 500 bp, 1 kbp, 2 kbp, 4 kbp, 5 kbp, 10 kbp, 15 kbp, 20 kbp, or 50 kbp of sequence homologous to the genomic sequence.
  • In one embodiment, the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms of the targeting vector can be designed such that they flank the 5′ and 3′ ends of at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence. The targeting of a functional region can render it inactive, which results in the inability of the cell to produce functional immunoglobulin molecules. In another embodiment, the homologous DNA sequence can include one or more intron and/or exon sequences. In addition to the nucleic acid sequences, the expression vector can contain selectable marker sequences, such as, for example, enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) gene sequences, initiation and/or enhancer sequences, poly A-tail sequences, and/or nucleic acid sequences that provide for the expression of the construct in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells. The selectable marker can be located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arm sequence.
  • In one particular embodiment, the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the J6 region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Since the J6 region is the only functional joining region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin. In a specific embodiment, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the J6 region, including J1-4, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the J6 region, including the mu constant region (a “J6 targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 1. Further, this J6 targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No 5 and FIG. 1. In other embodiments, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the diversity region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the diversity region of the porcine heavy chain locus. In a further embodiment, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the mu constant region and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the mu constant region of the porcine heavy chain locus.
  • In another particular embodiment, the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus. Since the present invention discovered that there is only one constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin. In a specific embodiment, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the constant region, optionally including the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, optionally including at least part of the enhancer region (a “Kappa constant targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 2. Further, this kappa constant targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No 20 and FIG. 2. In other embodiments, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the joining region of the porcine kappa light chain locus.
  • In another particular embodiment, the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the J/C region of the porcine lambda light chain. See FIG. 3. Disruption of the J/C region will prevent the expression of a functional porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the first J/C unit and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the last J/C unit. Further, this lambda light chain targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example FIG. 4.
  • In a further embodiment, more than one targeting vector can be used to target the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genes via homologous recombination. For example, two targeting vectors can be used to target the gene of interest. A first targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 5′ flanking sequence of at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence. A second targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ flanking sequence at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence.
  • In a particular embodiment, the first targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 5′ flanking sequence of the first J/C unit in the J/C cluster region. See FIG. 5. According to this embodiment, a second targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ flanking sequence of the last J/C unit in the J/C cluster region. See FIG. 6.
  • In another embodiment, primers are provided to generate 3′ and 5′ sequences of a targeting vector. The oligonucleotide primers can be capable of hybridizing to porcine immunoglobulin genomic sequence, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. In a particular embodiment, the primers hybridize under stringent conditions to Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. Another embodiment provides oligonucleotide probes capable of hybridizing to porcine heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain nucleic acid sequences, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. The polynucleotide primers or probes can have at least 14 bases, 20 bases, 30 bases, or 50 bases which hybridize to a polynucleotide of the present invention. The probe or primer can be at least 14 nucleotides in length, and in a particular embodiment, are at least 15, 20, 25, 28, or 30 nucleotides in length.
  • In one embodiment, primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig heavy-chain that includes the functional joining region (the J6 region). In one non-limiting embodiment, the amplified fragment of heavy chain can be represented by Seq ID No 4 and the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 2, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to a portion of Ig heavy-chain mu constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 3, to produce the 3′ recombination arm. In another embodiment, regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 4) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • In other embodiments, primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the constant region. In another embodiment, primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the J region. In one non-limiting embodiment, the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 21 or 10, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 14, 24 or 18, to produce the 3′ recombination arm. In another embodiment, regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 20) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, ungulate cells lacking at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein are provided. These cells can be obtained as a result of homologous recombination. Particularly, by inactivating at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene, cells can be produced which have reduced capability for expression of ungulate antibodies. In other embodiments, mammalian cells lacking both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein. In a further embodiment, porcine animals are provided in which at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene is inactivated via a genetic targeting event produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein. In another aspect of the present invention, porcine animals are provided in which both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene are inactivated via a genetic targeting event. The gene can be targeted via homologous recombination.
  • In other embodiments, the gene can be disrupted, i.e. a portion of the genetic code can be altered, thereby affecting transcription and/or translation of that segment of the gene. For example, disruption of a gene can occur through substitution, deletion (“knock-out”) or insertion (“knock-in”) techniques. Additional genes for a desired protein or regulatory sequence that modulate transcription of an existing sequence can be inserted. To achieve multiple genetic modifications of ungulate immunoglobulin genes, in one embodiment, cells can be modified sequentially to contain multiple genetic modifications. In other embodiments, animals can be bred together to produce animals that contain multiple genetic modifications of immunoglobulin genes. As an illustrative example, animals that lack expression of at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain gene can be further genetically modified or bred with animals lacking at least one allele of a kappa light chain gene.
  • In embodiments of the present invention, alleles of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene are rendered inactive according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, such that functional ungulate immunoglobulins can no longer be produced. In one embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed into RNA, but not translated into protein. In another embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed in an inactive truncated form. Such a truncated RNA may either not be translated or can be translated into a nonfunctional protein. In an alternative embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be inactivated in such a way that no transcription of the gene occurs. In a further embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed and then translated into a nonfunctional protein.
  • In a further aspect of the present invention, ungulate, such as porcine or bovine, cells lacking one allele, optionally both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be used as donor cells for nuclear transfer into recipient cells to produce cloned, transgenic animals. Alternatively, ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene knockouts can be created in embryonic stem cells, which are then used to produce offspring. Offspring lacking a single allele of a functional ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein can be breed to further produce offspring lacking functionality in both alleles through mendelian type inheritance.
  • In one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided to disrupt the expression of an ungulate immunoglobulin gene by (i) analyzing the germline configuration of the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic locus; (ii) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 5′ end and the 3′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; and (iii) transfecting a targeting construct containing the flanking sequence into a cell wherein, upon successful homologous recombination, at least one functional region of the immunoglobulin locus is disrupted thereby reducing or preventing the expression of the immunoglobulin gene. In one embodiment, the germline configuration of the porcine heavy chain locus is provided. The porcine heavy chain locus contains at least four variable regions, two diversity regions, six joining regions and five constant regions, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 1. In a specific embodiment, only one of the six joining regions, J6, is functional. In another embodiment, the germline configuration of the porcine kappa light chain locus is provided. The porcine kappa light chain locus contains at least six variable regions, six joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 2. In a further embodiment, the germline configuration of the porcine lambda light chain locus is provided. The porcine lambda light chain locus contains a variable region and the J/C region. See FIG. 3.
  • In a further aspect of the present invention, a method is provided to disrupt the expression of an ungulate lambda light chain locus by (i) analyzing the germline configuration of the ungulate lambda light chain genomic locus; (ii) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 5′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; (ii) constructing a 5′ targeting construct; (iv) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 3′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; (v) constructing a 3′ targeting construct; (vi) transfecting both the 5′ and the 3′ targeting constructs into a cell wherein, upon successful homologous recombination of each targeting construct, at least one functional region of the immunoglobulin locus is disrupted thereby reducing or preventing the expression of the immunoglobulin gene. See FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • In one embodiment, the germline configuration of the porcine lambda light chain locus is provided. The porcine lambda light chain locus contains a variable region and a J/C region. See FIG. 3.
  • In further aspects of the present invention provides ungulates and ungulate cells that lack at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the processes, sequences and/or constructs described herein, which are further modified to express at least part of a human antibody (i.e. immunoglobulin (Ig)) locus. In additional embodiments, porcine animals are provided that express xenogenous immunoglobulin. This human locus can undergo rearrangement and express a diverse population of human antibody molecules in the ungulate. These cloned, transgenic ungulates provide a replenishable, theoretically infinite supply of human antibodies (such as polyclonal antibodies), which can be used for therapeutic, diagnostic, purification, and other clinically relevant purposes. In one particular embodiment, artificial chromosomes (ACs), such as yeast or mammalian artificial chromosomes (YACS or MACS) can be used to allow expression of human immunoglobulin genes into ungulate cells and animals. All or part of human immunoglobulin genes, such as the Ig heavy chain gene (human chromosome 414), Ig kappa chain gene (human chromosome #2) and/or the Ig lambda chain gene (chromosome #22) can be inserted into the artificial chromosomes, which can then be inserted into ungulate cells. In further embodiments, ungulates and ungulate cells are provided that contain either part or all of at least one human antibody gene locus, which undergoes rearrangement and expresses a diverse population of human antibody molecules.
  • In additional embodiments, methods of producing xenogenous antibodies are provided, wherein the method can include: (a) administering one or more antigens of interest to an ungulate whose cells comprise one or more artificial chromosomes and lack any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulin, each artificial chromosome comprising one or more xenogenous immunoglobulin loci that undergo rearrangement, resulting in production of xenogenous antibodies against the one or more antigens; and/or (b) recovering the xenogenous antibodies from the ungulate. In one embodiment, the immunoglobulin loci can undergo rearrangement in a B cell.
  • In one aspect of the present invention, an ungulate, such as a pig or a cow, can be prepared by a method in accordance with any aspect of the present invention. These cloned, transgenic ungulates (e.g., porcine and bovine animals) provide a replenishable, theoretically infinite supply of human polyclonal antibodies, which can be used as therapeutics, diagnostics and for purification purposes. For example, transgenic animals produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein that produce polyclonal human antibodies in the bloodstream can be used to produce an array of different antibodies which are specific to a desired antigen. The availability of large quantities of polyclonal antibodies can also be used for treatment and prophylaxis of infectious disease, vaccination against biological warfare agents, modulation of the immune system, removal of undesired human cells such as cancer cells, and modulation of specific human molecules.
  • In other embodiments, animals or cells lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, can contain additional genetic modifications to eliminate the expression of xenoantigens. Such animals can be modified to eliminate the expression of at least one allele of the alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene, the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase gene (see, for example, U.S. Ser. No. 10/863,116), the iGb3 synthase gene (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application 60/517,524), and/or the Forssman synthase gene (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application 60/568,922). In additional embodiments, the animals discloses herein can also contain genetic modifications to express fucosyltransferase and/or sialyltransferase. To achieve these additional genetic modifications, in one embodiment, cells can be modified to contain multiple genetic modifications. In other embodiments, animals can be bred together to achieve multiple genetic modifications. In one specific embodiment, animals, such as pigs, lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, can be bred with animals, such as pigs, lacking expression of alpha-1,3-galactosyl transferase (for example, as described in WO 04/028243).
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the design of a targeting vector that disrupts the expression of the joining region of the porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the design of a targeting vector that disrupts the expression of the constant region of the porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin gene.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the genomic organization of the porcine lambda immunoglobulin locus, including a concatamer of J-C sequences or units as well as flanking regions that include the variable region 5′ to the JC cluster region. Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC1 and BAC2) represent fragments of the porcine immunoglobulin genome that can be obtained from BAC libraries.
  • FIG. 4 represents the design of a targeting vector that disrupts the expression of the JC cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain immunoglobulin gene. “SM” stands for a selectable marker gene, which can be used in the targeting vector.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a targeting strategy to insert a site specific recombinase target or recognition site into the region 5′ of the JC cluster region of the porcine lambda immunoglobulin locus. “SM” stands for a selectable marker gene, which can be used in the targeting vector. “SSRRS” stands for a specific recombinase target or recognition site.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a targeting strategy to insert a site specific recombinase target or recognition site into the region 3′ of the JC cluster region of the porcine lambda immunoglobulin locus. “SM” stands for a selectable marker gene, which can be used in the targeting vector. “SSRRS” stands for a specific recombinase target or recognition site.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the site specific recombinase mediated transfer of a YAC into a host genome. “SSRRS” stands for a specific recombinase target or recognition site.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • The present invention provides for the first time ungulate immunoglobin germline gene sequence arrangement as well as novel genomic sequences thereof. In addition, novel ungulate cells, tissues and animals that lack at least one allele of a heavy or light chain immunoglobulin gene are provided. Based on this discovery, ungulates can be produced that completely lack at least one allele of a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin gene. In addition, these ungulates can be further modified to express xenoogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof.
  • In one aspect of the present invention, a transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins is provided. In one embodiment, the ungulate can lack any expression of endogenous heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulins. The light chain immunoglobulin can be a kappa and/or lambda immunoglobulin. In additional embodiments, transgenic ungulates are provided that lack expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be accomplished by genetic targeting of the endogenous immunoglobulin loci to prevent expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the genetic targeting can be accomplished via homologous recombination. In another embodiment, the transgenic ungulate can be produced via nuclear transfer.
  • In other embodiments, the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci. In an alternative embodiment, porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus. In one embodiment, the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, transgenic ungulates are provided that expresses a xenogenous immunoglobulin loci or fragment thereof, wherein the immunoglobulin can be expressed from an immunoglobulin locus that is integrated within an endogenous ungulate chromosome. In one embodiment, ungulate cells derived from the transgenic animals are provided. In one embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited by offspring. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited through the male germ line by offspring. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • Definitions
  • The terms “recombinant DNA technology,” “DNA cloning,” “molecular cloning,” or “gene cloning” refer to the process of transferring a DNA sequence into a cell or organism. The transfer of a DNA fragment can be from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element (e.g., bacterial plasmid) that permits a copy of any specific part of a DNA (or RNA) sequence to be selected among many others and produced in an unlimited amount. Plasmids and other types of cloning vectors such as artificial chromosomes can be used to copy genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate enough identical material for further study. In addition to bacterial plasmids, which can carry up to 20 kb of foreign DNA, other cloning vectors include viruses, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes (e.g., bacteria artificial chromosomes (BACs) or yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)). When the fragment of chromosomal DNA is ultimately joined with its cloning vector in the lab, it is called a “recombinant DNA molecule.” Shortly after the recombinant plasmid is introduced into suitable host cells, the newly inserted segment will be reproduced along with the host cell DNA.
  • “Cosmids” are artificially constructed cloning vectors that carry up to 45 kb of foreign DNA. They can be packaged in lambda phage particles for infection into E. coli cells.
  • As used herein, the term “mammal” (as in “genetically modified (or altered) mammal”) is meant to include any non-human mammal, including but not limited to pigs, sheep, goats, cattle (bovine), deer, mules, horses, monkeys, dogs, cats, rats, mice, birds, chickens, reptiles, fish, and insects. In one embodiment of the invention, genetically altered pigs and methods of production thereof are provided.
  • The term “ungulate” refers to hoofed mammals. Artiodactyls are even-toed (cloven-hooved) ungulates, including antelopes, camels, cows, deer, goats, pigs, and sheep. Perissodactyls are odd toes ungulates, which include horses, zebras, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. The term ungulate as used herein refers to an adult, embryonic or fetal ungulate animal.
  • As used herein, the terms “porcine”, “porcine animal”, “pig” and “swine” are generic terms referring to the same type of animal without regard to gender, size, or breed.
  • A “homologous DNA sequence or homologous DNA” is a DNA sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% identical with a reference DNA sequence. A homologous sequence hybridizes under stringent conditions to the target sequence, stringent hybridization conditions include those that will allow hybridization occur if there is at least 85, at least 95% or 98% identity between the sequences.
  • An “isogenic or substantially isogenic DNA sequence” is a DNA sequence that is identical to or nearly identical to a reference DNA sequence. The term “substantially isogenic” refers to DNA that is at least about 97-99% identical with the reference DNA sequence, or at least about 99.5-99.9% identical with the reference DNA sequence, and in certain uses 100% identical with the reference DNA sequence.
  • “Homologous recombination” refers to the process of DNA recombination based on sequence homology.
  • “Gene targeting” refers to homologous recombination between two DNA sequences, one of which is located on a chromosome and the other of which is not.
  • “Non-homologous or random integration” refers to any process by which DNA is integrated into the genome that does not involve homologous recombination.
  • A “selectable marker gene” is a gene, the expression of which allows cells containing the gene to be identified. A selectable marker can be one that allows a cell to proliferate on a medium that prevents or slows the growth of cells without the gene. Examples include antibiotic resistance genes and genes which allow an organism to grow on a selected metabolite. Alternatively, the gene can facilitate visual screening of transformants by conferring on cells a phenotype that is easily identified. Such an identifiable phenotype can be, for example, the production of luminescence or the production of a colored compound, or the production of a detectable change in the medium surrounding the cell.
  • The term “contiguous” is used herein in its standard meaning, i.e., without interruption, or uninterrupted.
  • “Stringent conditions” refers to conditions that (1) employ low ionic strength and high temperature for washing, for example, 0.015 M NaCl/0.0015 M sodium citrate/0.1% SDS at 50° C., or (2) employ during hybridization a denaturing agent such as, for example, formamide. One skilled in the art can determine and vary the stringency conditions appropriately to obtain a clear and detectable hybridization signal. For example, stringency can generally be reduced by increasing the salt content present during hybridization and washing, reducing the temperature, or a combination thereof. See, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, N.Y., (1989).
  • I. Immunoglobulin Genes
  • In one aspect of the present invention, a transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins is provided. In one embodiment, the ungulate can lack any expression of endogenous heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulins. The light chain immunoglobulin can be a kappa and/or lambda immunoglobulin. In additional embodiments, transgenic ungulates are provided that lack expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be accomplished by genetic targeting of the endogenous immunoglobulin loci to prevent expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the genetic targeting can be accomplished via homologous recombination. In another embodiment, the transgenic ungulate can be produced via nuclear transfer.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided to disrupt the expression of an ungulate immunoglobulin gene by (i) analyzing the germline configuration of the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic locus; (ii) determining the location of nucleotide sequences that flank the 5′ end and the 3′ end of at least one functional region of the locus; and (iii) transfecting a targeting construct containing the flanking sequence into a cell wherein, upon successful homologous recombination, at least one functional region of the immunoglobulin locus is disrupted thereby reducing or preventing the expression of the immunoglobulin gene.
  • In one embodiment, the germline configuration of the porcine heavy chain locus is provided. The porcine heavy chain locus contains at least four variable regions, two diversity regions, six joining regions and five constant regions, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 1. In a specific embodiment, only one of the six joining regions, J6, is functional.
  • In another embodiment, the germline configuration of the porcine kappa light chain locus is provided. The porcine kappa light chain locus contains at least six variable regions, six joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • In a further embodiment, the germline configuration of the porcine lambda light chain locus is provided.
  • Isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 1-39 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to any one of Seq ID Nos 1-39 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of any one of Seq ID Nos 1-39 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1-39, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • Homology or identity at the nucleotide or amino acid sequence level can be determined by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) analysis using the algorithm employed by the programs blastp, blastn, blastx, tblastn and tblastx (see, for example, Altschul, S. F. et al (1997) Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389-3402 and Karlin et al, (1900) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2264-2268) which are tailored for sequence similarity searching. The approach used by the BLAST program is to first consider similar segments, with and without gaps, between a query sequence and a database sequence, then to evaluate the statistical significance of all matches that are identified and finally to summarize only those matches which satisfy a preselected threshold of significance. See, for example, Altschul et al., (1994) (Nature Genetics 6, 119-129). The search parameters for histogram, descriptions, alignments, expect (i.e., the statistical significance threshold for reporting matches against database sequences), cutoff, matrix and filter (low co M'plexity) are at the default settings. The default scoring matrix used by blastp, blastx, tblastn, and tblastx is the BLOSUM62 matrix (Henikoff et al., (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10915-10919), which is recommended for query sequences over 85 in length (nucleotide bases or amino acids).
  • Porcine Heavy Chain
  • In another aspect of the present invention, novel genomic sequences encoding the heavy chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided. In one embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding porcine heavy chain is provided that includes at least one variable region, two diversity regions, at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 29. In another embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that includes at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 4. In a further embodiment, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 1. Still further, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the first joining region of the porcine heavy chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented in the 3′ region of Seq ID No 4. In further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are also provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. In one embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains at least 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No 4 or residues 1-9,070 of Seq ID No 29. In other embodiments, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 50, 100, 1,000, 2,500, 4,000, 4,500, 5,000, 7,000, 8,000, 8,500, 9,000, 10,000 or 15,000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No. 29 are provided. In another embodiment, the nucleotide sequence contains residues 9,070-11039 of Seq ID No 29.
  • In further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridize, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • In one embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding porcine heavy chain is provided that includes at least one variable region, two diversity regions, at least four joining regions and at least one constant region, such as the mu constant region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 29. In Seq ID No. 29, the Diversity region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1089-1099 (D(pseudo)), the Joining region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1887-3352 (for example: J(psuedo): 1887-1931, J(psuedo): 2364-2411, J(psuedo): 2756-2804, J (functional J): 3296-3352), the recombination signals are represented, for example, by residues 3001-3261 (Nonamer), 3292-3298 (Heptamer), the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 3353-9070 (J to C mu intron), 5522-8700 (Switch region), 9071-9388 (Mu Exon 1), 9389-9469 (Mu Intron A), 9470-9802 (Mu Exon 2), 9830-10069 (Mu Intron B), 10070-10387 (Mu Exon 3), 10388-10517 (Mu Intron C), 10815-11052 (Mu Exon 4), 11034-11039 (Poly(A) signal).
    Seq ID No. 29
    tctagaagacgctggagagaggccagacttcctcggaacagctcaaagag
    ctctgtcaaagccagatcccatcacacgtgggcaccaataggccatgcca
    gcctccaagggccgaactgggttctccacggcgcacatgaagcctgcagc
    ctggcttatcctcttccgtggtgaagaggcaggcccgggactggacgagg
    ggctagcagggtgtggtaggcaccttgcgccccccaccccggcaggaacc
    agagaccctggggctgagagtgagcctccaaacaggatgccccacccttc
    aggccacctttcaatccagctacactccacctgccattctcctctgggca
    cagggcccagcccctggatcttggccttggctcgacttgcacccacgcgc
    acacacacacttcctaacgtgctgtccgctcacccctccccagcgtggtc
    catgggcagcacggcagtgcgcgtccggcggtagtgagtgcagaggtccc
    ttcccctcccccaggagccccaggggtgtgtgcagatctgggggctcctg
    tcccttacaccttcatgcccctcccctcatacccaccctccaggcgggag
    gcagcgagacctttgcccagggactcagccaacgggcacacgggaggcca
    gccctcagcagctggctcccaaagaggaggtgggaggtaggtccacagct
    gccacagagagaaaccctgacggaccccacaggggccacgccagccggaa
    ccagctccctcgtgggtgagcaatggccagggccccgccggccaccacgg
    ctggccttgcgccagctgagaactcacgtccagtgcagggagactcaaga
    cagcctgtgcacacagcctcggatctgctcccatttcaagcagaaaaagg
    aaaccgtgcaggcagccctcagcatttcaaggattgtagcagcggccaac
    tattcgtcggcagtggccgattagaatgaccgtggagaagggcggaaggg
    tctctcgtgggctctgcggccaacaggccctggctccacctgcccgctgc
    cagcccgaggggcttgggccgagccaggaaccacagtgctcaccgggacc
    acagtgactgaccaaactcccggccagagcagccccaggccagccgggct
    ctcgccctggaggactcaccatcagatgcacaagggggcgagtgtggaag
    agacgtgtcgcccgggccatttgggaaggcgaagggaccttccaggtgga
    caggaggtgggacgcactccaggcaagggactgggtccccaaggcctggg
    gaaggggtactggcttgggggttagcctggccagggaacggggagcgggg
    cggggggctgagcagggaggacctgacctcgtgggagcgaggcaagtcag
    gcttcaggcagcagccgcacatcccagaccaggaggctgaggcaggaggg
    gcttgcagcggggcgggggcctgcctggctccgggggctcctgggggacg
    ctggctcttgtttccgtgtcccgcagcacagggccagctcgctgggccta
    tgcttaccttgatgtctggggccggggcgtcagggtcgtcgtctcctcag
    gggagagtcccctgaggctacgctgggg*ggggactatggcagctccacc
    aggggcctggggaccaggggcctggaccaggctgcagcccggaggacggg
    cagggctctggctctccagcatctggccctcggaaatggcagaacccctg
    gcgggtgagcgagctgagagcgggtcagacagacaggggccggccggaaa
    ggagaagttgggggcagagcccgccaggggccaggcccaaggttctgtgt
    gccagggcctgggtgggcacattggtgtggccatggctacttagattcgt
    ggggccagggcatcctggtcaccgtctcctcaggtgagcctggtgtctga
    tgtccagctaggcgctggtgggccgcgggtgggcctgtctcaggctaggg
    caggggctgggatgtgtatttgtcaaggaggggcaacagggtgcagactg
    tgcccctggaaacttgaccactggggcaggggcgtcctggtcacgtctcc
    tcaggtaagacggccctgtgcccctctctcgcgggactggaaaaggaatt
    ttccaagattccttggtctgtgtggggccctctggggcccccgggggtgg
    ctcccctcctgcccagatggggcctcggcctgtggagcacgggctgggca
    cacagctcgagtctagggccacagaggcccgggctcagggctctgtgtgg
    cccggcgactggcagggggctcgggtttttggacaccccctaatgggggc
    cacagcactgtgaccatcttcacagctggggccgaggagtcgaggtcacc
    gtctcctcaggtgagtcctcgtcagccctctctcactctctggggggttt
    tgctgcattttgtgggggaaagaggatgcctgggtctcaggtctaaaggt
    ctagggccagcgccggggcccaggaaggggccgaggggccaggctcggct
    cggccaggagcagagcttccagacatctcgcctcctggcggctgcagtca
    ggcctttggccgggggggtctcagcaccaccaggcctcttggctcccgag
    gtccccggccccggctgcctcaccaggcaccgtgcgcggtgggcccgggc
    tcttggtcggccaccctttcttaactgggatccgggcttagttgtcgcaa
    tgtgacaacgggctcgaaagctggggccaggggaccctagtctacgacgc
    ctcgggtgggtgtcccgcacccctccccactttcacggcactcggcgaga
    cctggggagtcaggtgttggggacactttggaggtcaggaacgggagctg
    gggagagggctctgtcagcggggtccagagatgggccgccctccaaggac
    gccctgcgcggggacaagggcttcttggcctggcctggccgcttcacttg
    ggcgtcagggggggcttcccggggcaggcggtcagtcgaggcgggttgga
    attctgagtctgggttcggggttcggggttcggccttcatgaacagacag
    cccaggcgggccgttgtttggcccctgggggcctggttggaatgcgaggt
    ctcgggaagtcaggagggagcctggccagcagagggttcccagccctgcg
    gccgagggacctggagacgggcagggcattggccgtcgcagggccaggcc
    acaccccccaGGTTTTTGTggggcgagcctggagattgcacCACTGTGAT
    TACTATGCTATGGATCTCTGGGGCCCAGGCGTTGAAGTCGTCGTGTCCTC
    AGgtaagaacggccctccagggcctttaatttctgctctcgtctgtgggc
    ttttctgactctgatcctcgggaggcgtctgtgccccccccggggatgag
    gccggcttgccaggaggggtcagggaccaggagcctgtgggaagttctga
    cgggggctgcaggcgggaagggccccaccggggggcgagccccaggccgc
    tgggcggcaggagacccgtgagagtgcgccttgaggagggtgtctgcgga
    accacgaacgcccgccgggaagggcttgctgcaatgcggtcttcagacgg
    gaggcgtcttctgccctcaccgtctttcaagcccttgtgggtctgaaaga
    gccatgtcggagagagaagggacaggcctgtcccgacctggccgagagcg
    ggcagccccgggggagagcggggcgatcggcctgggctctgtgaggccag
    gtccaagggaggacgtgtggtcctcgtgacaggtgcacttgcgaaacctt
    agaagacggggtatgttggaagcggctcctgatgtttaagaaaagggaga
    ctgtaaagtgagcagagtcctcaagtgtgttaaggttttaaaggtcaaag
    tgttttaaacctttgtgactgcagttagcaagcgtgcggggagtgaatgg
    ggtgccagggtggccgagaggcagtacgagggccgtgccgtcctctaatt
    cagggcttagttttgcagaataaagtcggcctgttttctaaaagcattgg
    tggtgctgagctggtggaggaggccgcgggcagccctggccacctgcagc
    aggtggcaggaagcaggtcggccaagaggctattttaggaagccagaaaa
    cacggtcgatgaatttatagcttctggtttccaggaggtggttgggcatg
    gctttgcgcagcgccacagaaccgaaagtgcccactgagaaaaaacaact
    cctgcttaatttgcatttttctaaaagaagaaacagaggctgacggaaac
    tggaaagttcctgttttaactactcgaattgagttttcggtcttagctta
    tcaactgctcacttagattcattttcaaagtaaacgtttaagagccgagg
    cattcctatcctcttctaaggcgttattcctggaggctcattcaccgcca
    gcacctccgctgcctgcaggcattgctgtcaccgtcaccgtgacggcgcg
    cacgattttcagttggcccgcttcccctcgtgattaggacagacgcgggc
    actctggcccagccgtcttggctcagtatctgcaggcgtccgtctcggga
    cggagctcaggggaagagcgtgactccagttgaacgtgatagtcggtgcg
    ttgagaggagacccagtcgggtgtcgagtcagaaggggcccggggcccga
    ggccctgggcaggacggcccgtgccctgcatcacgggcccagcgtcctag
    aggcaggactctggtggagagtgtgagggtgcctggggcccctccggagc
    tggggccgtgcggtgcaggttgggctctcggcgcggtgttggctgtttct
    gcgggatttggaggaattcttccagtgatgggagtcgccagtgaccgggc
    accaggctggtaagagggaggccgccgtcgtggccagagcagctgggagg
    gttcggtaaaaggctcgcccgtttcctttaatgaggacttttcctggagg
    gcatttagtctagtcgggaccgttttcgactcgggaagagggatgcggag
    gagggcatgtgcccaggagccgaaggcgccgcggggagaagcccagggct
    ctcctgtccccacagaggcgacgccactgccgcagacagacagggccttt
    ccctctgatgacggcaaaggcgcctcggctcttgcggggtgctggggggg
    agtcgccccgaagccgctcacccagaggcctgaggggtgagactgaccga
    tgcctcttggccgggcctggggccggaccgagggggactccgtggaggca
    gggcgatggtggctgcgggagggaaccgaccctgggccgagcccggcttg
    gcgattcccgggcgagggccctcagccgaggcgagtgggtccggcggaac
    caccctttctggccagcgccacagggctctcgggactgtccggggcgacg
    ctgggctgcccgtggcaggccTGGGCTGACCTGGACTTCACCAGACAGAA
    CAGGGCTTTCAGGGCTGAGCTGAGCCAGGTTTAGCGAGGCCAAGTGGGGC
    TGAACCAGGCTCAACTGGCCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGACCTGGGC
    TGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGAC
    TGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCT
    GGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTGATCT
    GAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCT
    GGTTTGAGTTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGTGCTGGCTGAGCTA
    GGCTGAGCTAGGCTAGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGAGGTGAGCTAGGCTG
    GGCTGATTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCGTTGAGCTGGCTGG
    GCTGGATTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGT
    TGAGCTGAGCTGGACTGGTTTGAGCTGGGTCGATCTGGGTTGAGCTGTCC
    TGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTCAGC
    AGAGCTGGGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCC
    TGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGTGTTGAGC
    TGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGATTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGC
    TGGGCTGGGCTGTGCTGACTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGGTGAGCT
    GGGCTGAGCTGATCCGAGCTAGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCT
    GAGCTAGGCTGGATTGATCTGGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AGCTGGTCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTCGAGCTGAGCTGGACTGGTTTGAGCTG
    GGTCGATCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTG
    AGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGGGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAAC
    TAGCCTAGCTAGGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCT
    GAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGGCCTGGGGTG
    AGCTGGGCTAGGTGGAGCTGAGCTGGGTCGAGCTGAGTTGGGCTGAGCTG
    GCCTGGGTTGAGGTAGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTG
    GCTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAAGCTGGGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGA
    GCTGGGCTCGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCCGACCTAGGCTGGGATGA
    GCTGGGCTGATTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGG
    CTGAGCTGGGCCTGGAGCCTGGCCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGCGCT
    GAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAAGCTG
    GGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGGATGAGCTGGGCCGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTG
    AGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGGTGA
    GCTGGGCTGAGCTAAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGGCTGAG
    CTGGGTCCTGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGACCAGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAG
    TTAGGCTGGGCTCAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGATCTGGCAGGGCTGGTTTGCGC
    TGGGTCAAGCTCCCGGGAGATGGCCTGGGATGAGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGC
    TGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTGGGCT
    GAGCTGGCCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTGGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAACT
    GGGCTAAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGATCGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTG
    GGGTTAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGCTGG
    GCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAAGCTGGGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGG
    GCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGAGCTGA
    GCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCTGGCTGGGATGGATTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGCT
    GAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTG
    AGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTCAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTG
    GGTTGAGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTG
    GGTTGAGCTGGGCTCGAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCT
    GGGCTCAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCT
    AGCTGGGCTCAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTG
    AGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGCTG
    GGCTGAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGGTCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTG
    GGCTGAGCAGAGTTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTCAGCTGGGCTGAGCTA
    GGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTGAGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCGG
    AGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCGGAACTGGGTTGATCTG
    AATTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCCGGGCTGAGCCGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTAGGTTG
    AGCTTGGGTGAGCTTGCCTCAGCTGGTCTGAGCTAGGTTGGGTGGAGCTA
    GGCTGGATTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGATCTGGCCTCAGCTGGGCTG
    AGGTAGGCTGAACTGGGCTGTGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCCAGTTTG
    AGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGTGTTGATCTTTCCTGAACTG
    GGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTAGCTGGATTGAACGGGGGTAAGCTGG
    GCCAGGCTGGACTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGAGCTGAGTTGAATTGG
    GTTAAGCTGGGCTGAGATGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCCAG
    GTCGGACTGGGTTACCCTGGGCCACACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCGGAGCTCG
    attaacctggtcaggctgagtcgggtccagcagacatgcgctggccaggc
    tggcttgacctggacacgttcgatgagctgccttgggatggttcacctca
    gctgagccaggtggctccagctgggctgagctggtgaccctgggtgacct
    cggtgaccaggttgtcctgagtccgggccaagccgaggctgcatcagact
    cgccagacccaaggcctgggccccggctggcaagccaggggcggtgaagg
    ctgggctggcaggactgtcccggaaggaggtgcacgtggagccgcccgga
    ccccgaccggcaggacctggaaagacgcctctcactcccctttctcttct
    gtcccctctcgggtcctcagAGAGCCAGTCTGCCCCGAATCTCTACCCCC
    TCGTCTCCTGCGTCAGCCCCCCGTCCGATGAGAGCCTGGTGGCCCTGGGC
    TGCCTGGCCCGGGACTTCCTGCCCAGCTCCGTCACCTTCTCCTGGAACTA
    CAAGAACAGCAGCAAGGTCAGCAGCCAGAACATCCAGGACTTCCCGTCC
    GTCCTGAGAGGCGGCAAGTACTTGGCCTCCTCCCGGGTGCTCCTACCCTCT
    GTGAGCATCCCCCAGGACCCAGAGGCCTTCCTGGTGTGCGAGGTCCAGCA
    CCCCAGTGGCACCAAGTCCGTGTCCATCTCTGGGCCAGgtgagctgggct
    ccccctgtggctgtggcgggggcggggccgggtgccgccggcacagtgac
    gccccgttcctgcctgcagTCGTAGAGGAGCAGCCCCCCGTCTTGAACATC
    TTCGTCCCCACCCGGGAGTCCTTCTCCAGTACTCCCCAGCGCACGTCCAAG
    CTCATCTGCCAGGCCTCAGACTTCAGCCCCAAGCAGATCTCCATGGCCTGG
    TTCCGTGATGGGAAACGGGTGGTGTCTGGCGTCAGGACAGGCCCCGTGGAG
    ACCCTACAGTCCAGTGGGGTGACCTACAGGCTCCACAGCATGCTGACCGTCA
    CGGAGTCCGAGTGGGTCAGCCAGAGCGTCTTCACCTGCCAGGTGGAGCACAAA
    GGGCTGAACTACGAGAAGAACGCGTCCTCTCTGTGCACCTCCAgtgagtgcag
    cccctcgggccgggcggcggggcggcgggagccacacacacaccagctgctcc
    ctgagccttggcttccgggagtggccaaggcggggaggggctgtgcagggcagc
    tggagggcactgtcagctggggcccagcaccccctcaccccggcagggcccggg
    ctccgaggggccccgcagtcgcaggccctgctcttgggggaagccctacttggc
    cccttcagggcgctgacgctccccccacccacccccgcctagATCCCAACTCTC
    CCATCACCGTCTTCGCCATCGCCCCCTCCTTCGCTGGCATCTTCCTCACCAAGT
    CGGCGAAGCTTTCCTGCCTGGTCAGGGGCCTCGTCACCAGGGAGAGCGTCAACA
    TCTCCTGGACCCGCCAGGACGGCGAGGTTCTGAAGACCAGTATCGTCTTCTCTG
    AGATCTACGCCAACGGCACCTTCGGCGCCAGGGGCGAAGCCTCCGTCTGCGTGG
    AGGACTGGGAGTCGGGCGACAGGTTCACGTGCACGGTGACCCACACGGACCTGC
    CCTCGCCGCTGAAGCAGAGCGTCTCCAAGCCCAGAGgtaggccctgccctgccc
    ctgcctccgcccggcctgtgccttggccgccggggcgggagccgagcctggccg
    aggagcgccctcggccccccgcggtcccgacccacacccctcctgctctcctcc
    ccagGGATCGCCAGGCACATGCCGTCCGTGTACGTGCTGCCGCCGGCCCCGGAG
    GAGCTGAGCCTGCAGGAGTGGGCCTCGGTCACCTGCCTGGTGAAGGGCTTCTCC
    CCGGCGGACGTGTTCGTGCAGTGGCTGCAGAAGGGGGAGCCCGTGTCCGCCGAC
    AAGTACGTGACCAGCGGGCCGGTGCCCGAGCCCGAGCCCAAGGCCCCCGCCTCC
    TACTTCGTGCAGAGCGTCCTGACGGTGAGCGCCAAGGACTGGAGCGACGGGGAG
    ACCTACACCTGCGTCGTGGGCCACGAGGCCCTGCCCCACACGGTGACCGAGAGG
    ACCGTGGACAAGTCCACCGGTAAACCCACCCTGTACAACGTCTCCCTGGTCCTG
    TCCGACACGGCCAGCACCTGCTACTGACCCCCTGGCTGCCCGCCGCGGCCGGGG
    CCAGAGCCCCCGGGCGACCATCGCTCTGTGTGGGCCTGTGTGCAACCCGACCC
    TGTCGGGGTGAGCGGTCGCATTTCTGAAAATTAGAaataaaAGATCTCGTGC
    CG
    Seq ID No. 1
    TCTAgAAGACGCTGGAGAGAGGCCagACTTCCTGGGAACAGCTCAAAGAG
    CTCTGTCAAAGCCAGATCCCATCACACGTGGGCACCAATAGGCCATGCCA
    GCCTCCAAGGGCCGAACTGGGTTCTCCACGGCGCACATGAAGCCTGCAGC
    CTGGCTTATCCTCTTCCGTGGTGAAGAGGCAGGCCCGGGACTGGACGAGG
    GGCTAGCAGGGTGTGGTAGGCACCTTGCGCCCCCCACCCCGGCAGGAACC
    AGAGACCCTGGGGCTGAGAGTGAGCCTCCAAACAGGATGCCCCACCCTTC
    AGGCCACCTTTCAATCCAGCTACACTCCACCTGCCATTCTCCTCTGGGCA
    CAGGGCCCAGCCCCTGGATCTTGGCCTTGGCTCGACTTGCACCGACGCGC
    ACACACACACTTCCTAACGTGCTGTCCGCTCACCCCTCCCCAGCGTGGTC
    CATGGGCAGCACGGCAGTGCGCGTCCGGCGGTAGTGAGTGCAGAGGTCCC
    TTCCCCTCCCCCAGGAGCCCCAGGGGTGTGTGCAGATCTGGGGGCTCCTG
    TCCCTTACACCTTCATGCCCCTCCCCTCATACCCACCCTCCAGGCGGGAG
    GCAGCGAGACCTTTGCCCAGGGACTCAGCCAACGGGCACACGGGAGGCC
    A GCCCTCAGCAGCTGGG
    Seq ID No. 4
    GGCCAGACTTCCTCGGAACAGCTCAAAGAGCTCTGTCAAAGCCAGATCCC
    0
    ATCACACGTGGGCACCAATAGGCCATGCCAGCCTCCAAGGGCCGAACTGG
    GTTCTCCACGGCGCACATGAAGCCTGCAGCCTGGCTTATCCTCTTCCGTG
    GTGAAGAGGCAGGCCCGGGACTGGACGAGGGGCTAGCAGGGTGTGGTAG
    GCACCTTGCGCCCCCCACCCCGGCAGGAACCAGAGACCCTGGGGCTGAGA
    G
    TGAGCCTCCAAACAGGATGCCCCACCCTTCAGGCCACCTTTCAATCCAGC
    TACACTCCACCTGCCATTCTCCTCTGGGCACAGGGCCCAGCCCCTGGATC
    TTGGCCTTGGCTCGACTTGCACCCACGCGCACACACACACTTCCTAACGT
    GCTGTCCGCTCACCCCTCCCCAGCGTGGTCCATGGGCAGCACGGCAGTGC
    GCGTCCGGCGGTAGTGAGTGCAGAGGTCCCTTCCCCTCCCCCAGGAGCCC
    CAGGGGTGTGTGCAGATCTGGGGGCTCCTGTCCCTTACACCTTCATGCCC
    CTCCCCTCATACCCACCCTCCAGGCGGGAGGCAGCGAGACCTTTGCCCAG
    GGACTCAGCCAACGGGCACACGGGAGGCCAGCCCTCAGCAGCTGGCTCCC
    AAAGAGGAGGTGGGAGGTAGGTCCACAGCTGCCACAGAGAGAAACCCTG
    ACGGACCCCACAGGGGCCACGCCAGCCGGAACCAGCTCCCTCGTGGGTGA
    GCAATGGCCAGGGCCCCGCCGGCCACCACGGCTGGCCTTGCGCCAGCTGA
    G
    AACTCACGTCCAGTGCAGGGAGACTCAAGACAGCCTGTGCACACAGCCTC
    GGATCTGCTCCCATTTCAAGCAGAAAAAGGAAACCGTGCAGGCAGCCCTC
    AGCATTTCAAGGATTGTAGCAGCGGCCAACTATTCGTCGGCAGTGGCCGA
    TTAGAATGACCGTGGAGAAGGGCGGAAGGGTCTCTCGTGGGCTCTGCGGC
    CAACAGGCCCTGGCTCCACCTGCCCGCTGCCAGCCCGAGGGGCTTGGGCC
    GAGCCAGGAACCACAGTGCTCACCGGGACCACAGTGACTGACCAAACTCC
    CGGCCAGAGCAGCCCCAGGCCAGCCGGGCTCTCGCCCTGGAGGACTCACC
    ATCAGATGCACAAGGGGGCGAGTGTGGAAGAGACGTGTCGCCCGGGCCA
    T
    TTGGGAAGGCGAAGGGACCTTCCAGGTGGACAGGAGGTGGGACGCACTC
    C
    AGGCAAGGGACTGGGTCCCCAAGGCCTGGGGAAGGGGTACTGGCTTGGG
    G
    GTTAGCCTGGCCAGGGAACGGGGAGCGGGGCGGGGGGCTGAGCAGGGAG
    G
    ACCTGACCTCGTGGGAGCGAGGCAAGTCAGGCTTCAGGCAGCAGCCGCAC
    ATCCCAGACCAGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGGGGCTTGCAGCGGGGCGGGGG
    C
    CTGCCTGGCTCCGGGGGCTCCTGGGGGACGCTGGCTCTTGTTTCCGTGTC
    CCGCAGCACAGGGCCAGCTCGCTGGGCCTATGCTTACCTTGATGTCTGGG
    GCCGGGGCGTCAGGGTCGTCGTCTCCTCAGGGGAGAGTCCCCTGAGGCTA
    CGCTGGGG*GGGGACTATGGCAGCTCCACCAGGGGCCTGGGGACCAGGG
    G
    CCTGGACCAGGCTGCAGCCCGGAGGACGGGCAGGGCTCTGGCTCTCCAGC
    ATCTGGCCCTCGGAAATGGCAGAACCCCTGGCGGGTGAGCGAGCTGAGA
    G
    CGGGTCAGACAGACAGGGGCCGGCCGGAAAGGAGAAGTTGGGGGCAGAG
    C
    CCGCCAGGGGCCAGGCCCAAGGTTCTGTGTGCCAGGGCCTGGGTGGGCAC
    ATTGGTGTGGCCATGGCTACTTAGATTCGTGGGGCCAGGGCATCCTGGTC
    ACCGTCTCCTCAGGTGAGCCTGGTGTCTGATGTCCAGCTAGGCGCTGGTG
    GGCCGCGGGTGGGCCTGTCTCAGGCTAGGGCAGGGGCTGGGATGTGTATT
    TGTCAAGGAGGGGCAACAGGGTGCAGACTGTGCCCCTGGAAACTTGACCA
    CTGGGGCAGGGGCGTCCTGGTCACGTCTCCTCAGGTAAGACGGCCCTGTG
    CCCCTCTCTCGCGGGACTGGAAAAGGAATTTTCCAAGATTCCTTGGTCTG
    TGTGGGGCCCTCTGGGGCCCCCGGGGGTGGCTCCCCTCCTGCCCAGATGG
    GGCCTCGGCCTGTGGAGCACGGGCTGGGCACACAGCTCGAGTCTAGGGCC
    ACAGAGGCCCGGGCTCAGGGCTCTGTGTGGCCCGGCGACTGGCAGGGGG
    C
    TCGGGTTTTTGGACACCCCCTAATGGGGGCCACAGCACTGTGACCATCTT
    CACAGCTGGGGCCGAGGAGTCGAGGTCACCGTCTCCTCAGGTGAGTCCTC
    GTCAGCCCTCTCTCACTCTCTGGGGGGTTTTGCTGCATTTTGTGGGGGAA
    AGAGGATGCCTGGGTCTCAGGTCTAAAGGTCTAGGGCCAGCGCCGGGGCC
    CAGGAAGGGGCCGAGGGGCCAGGCTCGGCTCGGCCAGGAGCAGAGCTTC
    C
    AGACATCTCGCCTCCTGGCGGGTGCAGTCAGGCCTTTGGCCGGGGGGGTC
    TCAGCACCACGAGGCCTCTTGGCTCCCGAGGTGGCCGGCCCCGGCTGCCT
    CACCAGGCACCGTGCGCGGTGGGCCCGGGCTCTTGGTCGGCCACCCTTTC
    TTAACTGGGATCCGGGCTTAGTTGTCGCAATGTGACAACGGGCTCGAAAG
    CTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCTAGT*TAGGACGCCTCGGGTGGGTGTCCCGCAC
    CCCTCCCCACTTTCACGGCACTCGGCGAGACCTGGGGAGTCAGGTGTTGG
    GGACACTTTGGAGGTCAGGAACGGGAGCTGGGGAGAGGGCTCTGTCAGC
    G
    GGGTCCAGAGATGGGCCGCCCTCCAAGGACGCCCTGCGCGGGGACAAGG
    G
    CTTCTTGGCCTGGCCTGGCCGCTTCACTTGGGCGTCAGGGGGGGCTTCCC
    GGGGCAGGCGGTCAGTCGAGGCGGGTTGGAATTCTGAGTCTGGGTTCGGG
    GTTCGGGGTTCGGCCTTCATGAACAGACAGCCCAGGCGGGCCGTTGTTTG
    GCCCCTGGGGGCCTGGTTGGAATGCGAGGTCTCGGGAAGTCAGGAGGGA
    G
    CCTGGCCAGCAGAGGGTTCCCAGCCCTGCGGCCGAGGGACCTGGAGACG
    G
    GCAGGGCATTGGCCGTCGCAGGGCCAGGCCACACCCCCCAGGTTTTTGTG
    GGGCGAGCCTGGAGATTGCACCACTGTGATTACTATGCTATGGATCTCTG
    GGGCCCAGGCGTTGAAGTCGTCGTGTCCTCAGGTAAGAACGGCCCTCCAG
    GGCCTTTAATTTCTGCTCTCGTCTGTGGGCTTTTCTGACTCTGATCCTCG
    GGAGGCGTCTGTGCCCCCCCCGGGGATGAGGCCGGCTTGCCAGGAGGGGT
    CAGGGACCAGGAGCCTGTGGGAAGTTCTGACGGGGGCTGCAGGCGGGAA
    G
    GGCCCCACCGGGGGGCGAGCCCCAGGCCGCTGGGCGGCAGGAGACCCGT
    G
    AGAGTGCGCCTTGAGGAGGGTGTCTGCGGAACCACGAACGCCCGCCGGG
    A
    AGGGCTTGCTGCAATGCGGTCTTCAGACGGGAGGCGTCTTCTGCCCTCAC
    CGTCTTTCAAGCCCTTGTGGGTCTGAAAGAGCCATGTCGGAGAGAGAAGG
    GACAGGCCTGTCCCGACCTGGCCGAGAGCGGGCAGCCCCGGGGGAGAGC
    G
    GGGCGATCGGCCTGGGCTCTGTGAGGCCAGGTCCAAGGGAGGACGTGTG
    G
    TCCTCGTGACAGGTGCACTTGCGAAACCTTAGAAGACGGGGTATGTTGGA
    AGCGGCTCCTGATGTTTAAGAAAAGGGAGACTGTAAAGTGAGCAGAGTCC
    TCAAGTGTGTTAAGGTTTTAAAGGTCAAAGTGTTTTAAACCTTTGTGACT
    GCAGTTAGCAAGCGTGCGGGGAGTGAATGGGGTGCCAGGGTGGCCGAGA
    G
    GCAGTACGAGGGCCGTGCCGTCCTCTAATTCAGGGCTTAGTTTTGCAGAA
    TAAAGTCGGCCTGTTTTCTAAAAGCATTGGTGGTGCTGAGCTGGTGGAGG
    AGGCCGCGGGCAGCCCTGGCCACCTGCAGCAGGTGGCAGGAAGCAGGTC
    G
    GCCAAGAGGCTATTTTAGGAAGCCAGAAAACACGGTCGATGAATTTATAG
    CTTCTGGTTTCCAGGAGGTGGTTGGGCATGGCTTTGCGCAGCGCCACAGA
    ACCGAAAGTGCCCACTGAGAAAAAACAACTCCTGCTTAATTTGCATTTTT
    CTAAAAGAAGAAACAGAGGCTGACGGAAACTGGAAAGTTCCTGTTTTAAC
    TACTCGAATTGAGTTTTCGGTCTTAGCTTATCAACTGCTCACTTAGATTC
    ATTTTCAAAGTAAACGTTTAAGAGCCGAGGCATTCCTATCCTCTTCTAAG
    GCGTTATTCCTGGAGGCTCATTCACCGCCAGCACCTCCGCTGCCTGCAGG
    CATTGCTGTCACCGTCACCGTGACGGCGCGCACGATTTTCAGTTGGCCCG
    CTTCCCCTCGTGATTAGGACAGACGCGGGCACTCTGGCCCAGCCGTCTTG
    GCTCAGTATCTGCAGGCGTCCGTCTCGGGACGGAGCTCAGGGGAAGAGCG
    TGACTCCAGTTGAACGTGATAGTCGGTGCGTTGAGAGGAGACCCAGTCGG
    GTGTCGAGTCAGAAGGGGCCCGGGGCCCGAGGCCCTGGGCAGGACGGCC
    C
    GTGCCCTGCATCACGGGCCCAGCGTCCTAGAGGCAGGACTCTGGTGGAGA
    GTGTGAGGGTGCCTGGGGCCCCTCCGGAGCTGGGGCCGTGCGGTGCAGGT
    TGGGCTCTCGGCGCGGTGTTGGCTGTTTCTGCGGGATTTGGAGGAATTCT
    TCCAGTGATGGGAGTCGCCAGTGACCGGGCACCAGGGTGGTAAGAGGGA
    G
    GCGGCCGTCGTGGCCAGAGCAGCTGGGAGGGTTCGGTAAAAGGCTCGCCC
    GTTTCCTTTAATGAGGACTTTTCCTGGAGGGCATTTAGTCTAGTCGGGAC
    CGTTTTCGACTCGGGAAGAGGGATGCGGAGGAGGGCATGTGCCCAGGAG
    C
    CGAAGGCGCCGCGGGGAGAAGCCCAGGGCTCTCCTGTCCCCACAGAGGC
    G
    ACGCCACTGCCGCAGACAGACAGGGCCTTTCCCTCTGATGACGGCAAAGG
    CGCCTCGGCTCTTGCGGGGTGCTGGGGGGGAGTCGCCCCGAAGCCGCTCA
    CCCAGAGGCCTGAGGGGTGAGACTGACCGATGCCTCTTGGCCGGGCCTGG
    GGCCGGACCGAGGGGGACTCCGTGGAGGCAGGGCGATGGTGGCTGCGGG
    A
    GGGAACCGACCCTGGGCCGAGCCCGGCTTGGCGATTCCCGGGCGAGGGCC
    CTCAGCCGAGGCGAGTGGGTCCGGCGGAACCACCCTTTCTGGCCAGCGCC
    ACAGGGCTCTCGGGACTGTCCGGGGCGACGCTGGGCTGCCCGTGGCAGGC
    CTGGGCTGACCTGGACTTCACCAGACAGAACAGGGCTTTCAGGGCTGAGC
    TGAGCCAGGTTTAGCGAGGCCAAGTGGGGCTGAACCAGGCTCAACTGGCC
    TGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGACCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGGC
    TGGGCTGGGGTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGACTGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTT
    GAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCT
    GGGTTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTGATCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCT
    GAGCTAGGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGTTTGAGTTGGGTTGAGCT
    GAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGTGCTGGCTGAGCTAGGCTGAGCTAGGCTAGGTTG
    AGCTGGGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGCTGATTTGGGCTGAGCTG
    AGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCGTTGAGCTGGGTGGGCTGGATTGAGCTGGCTGAG
    CTGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGACTGGTT
    TGAGCTGGGTCGATCTGGGTTGAGCTGTCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGT
    TGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTCAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGGGCTGAGC
    TGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGC
    TGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGTGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGC
    TGAGCTGGATTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGTGCTGACT
    GAGCTGGGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGATCCGAGCT
    AGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGATTGATCT
    GGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGTCTGAGCTGGGCTG
    GGTCGAGCTGAGCTGGACTGGTTTGAGCTGGGTCGATCTGGGCTGAGCTG
    GCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AGCTGAGGGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTTGGGCT
    GAGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCA
    GGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGGCCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTAGGTGGAGCT
    G
    AGCTGGGTCGAGCTGAGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGGTAGGCTG
    AGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGG
    GTCAAGCTGGGCCGAGCTGOCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTCGGTTGAGCTGG
    GCTGAGCTGAGCCGACCTAGGCTGGGATGAGCTGGGCTGATTTGGGCTGA
    GCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTGGGCCTGGAGCCT
    GGCCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGCGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCT
    GGCTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAAGCTGGGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGGATG
    AGCTGGGCCGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAG
    GCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTAAGCTGA
    GCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGGTCCTGCTGAGCTGGG
    CTGAGCTGACCAGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGTTAGGCTGGGCTCAGCTAGG
    CTGGGTTGATCTGGCAGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAAGCTCCCGGGAGA
    TGGCCTGGGATGAGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGC
    TAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGGTGAGCT
    GGGCTGGGTGGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTAAGCTGGCTGAGCTG
    GATCGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGGTTAGCTGGGCTGAGCTG
    AGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAA
    GCTGGGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAG
    GCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCTGG
    CTGGGATGGATTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTG
    GGCTCAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGGTGAGCTG
    GGCTGAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTCGAGCA
    GAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTCAGCAGAGCTGGGTT
    GAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTAGCTGGGCTCAGCTAGGCTG
    GGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTG
    AGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGCTGGGTT
    G
    GTCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGTTGGGTTG
    AGCTGAGCTGGGTTCAGCTGGGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTG
    AGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCGGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTG
    AGCTGGGCTGAGCGGAACTGGGTTGATCTGAATTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCCG
    GGCTGAGCCGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTAGGTTGAGCTTGGGTGAGCTTGCCTC
    AGCTGGTCTGAGCTAGGTTGGGTGGAGCTAGGCTGGATTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AGCTGAGCTGATCTGGCCTCAGCTGGGCTGAGGTAGGCTGAACTGGGCTG
    TGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCCAGTTTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AGCTGGGCTGTGTTGATCTTTCCTGAACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTG
    GCCTAGCTGGATTGAACGGGGGTAAGCTGGGCCAGGCTGGACTGGGCTGA
    GCTGAGCTAGGCTGAGCTGAGTTGAATTGGGTTAAGCTGGGCTGAGATGG
    GCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCCAGGTCGGACTGGGTTACCCTGG
    GCCACACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCGGAGCTCGATTAACCTGGTCAGGCTGAG
    TCGGGTCCAGCAGACATGCGCTGGCCAGGCTGGCTTGACCTGGACACGTT
    CGATGAGCTGCCTTGGGATGGTTCACCTCAGCTGAGCCAGGTGGCTCCAG
    CTGGGCTGAGCTGGTGACCCTGGGTGACCTCGGTGACCAGGTTGTCCTGA
    GTCCGGGCCAAGCCGAGGCTGCATCAGACTCGCCAGACCCAAGGCCTGGG
    CCCCGGCTGGCAAGCCAGGGGCGGTGAAGGCTGGGCTGGCAGGACTGTC
    CCGGAAGGAGGTGCACGTGGAGCCGCCCGGACCCCGACCGGCAGGACCT
    GGAAAGACGCCTCTCACTCCCCTTTCTCTTCTGTCCCCTCTCGGGTCCTCA
    GAGAGCCAGTCTGCCCCGAATCTCTACCCCCTCGTCTCCTGCGTCAGCCCC
    CCGTCCGATGAGAGCCTGGTGGCCCTGGGCTGCCTGGCCCGGGACTTCCT
    GCCCAGCTCCGTCACCTTCTCCTGGAA

    Porcine Kappa Light Chain
  • In another embodiment, novel genomic sequences encoding the kappa light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided. The present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate kappa light chain regions. In one embodiment, nucleic acid sequence is provided that encodes the porcine kappa light chain locus. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence can contain at least one joining region, one constant region and/or one enhancer region of kappa light chain. In a further embodiment, the nucleotide sequence can include at least five joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 30. In a further embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four or five joining regions and 3′ flanking sequence to the joining region of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID No 12. In another embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence of porcine genomic kappa light chain is provided that contains 5′ flanking sequence to the first joining region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 25. In a further embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence is provided that contains 3′ flanking sequence to the constant region and, optionally, the 5′ portion of the enhancer region, of porcine genomic kappa light chain, for example, as represented in Seq ID Nos. 15, 16 and/or 19.
  • In further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19 are provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25 or 30 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 1, 4 or 29 are provided. In other embodiments, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 50, 100, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 7,000, 8,000, 8,500, 9,000, 10,000 or 15,000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No. 30 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 30, 12, 25, 15, 16 or 19, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
  • In one embodiment, an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding kappa light chain is provided that includes at least five joining regions, one constant region and one enhancer region, for example, as represented in Seq ID No. 30. In Seq ID No. 30, the coding region of kappa light chain is represented, for example by residues 1-549 and 10026-10549, whereas the intronic sequence is represented, for example, by residues 550-10025, the Joining region of kappa light chain is represented, for example, by residues 5822-7207 (for example, J1:5822-5859, J2:6180-6218, J3:6486-6523, J4:6826-6863, J5:7170-7207), the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 10026-10549 (C exon) and 10026-10354 (C coding), 10524-10529 (Poly(A) signal) and 11160-11264 (SINE element).
    Seq ID No 30
    GCGTCCGAAGTCAAAAATATCTGCAGCCTTCATGTATTCATAGAAACAAG
    GAATGTCTACATTTTCCAAAGTGGGACCAGAATCTTGGGTGATGTCTAAG
    GCATGTGCATTTGCACATGGTAGGCAAAGGACTTTGCTTCTCCCAGCACA
    TCTTTCTGCAGAGATCCATGGAAACAAGACTCAACTCCAAAGCAGCAAAG
    AAGCAGCAAGTTCTCAAGTGATCTCCTCTGACTCCCTCCTCCCAGGCTAA
    TGAAGCCATGTTGCCCCTGGGGGATTAAGGGCAGGTGTCCATTGTGGCAC
    CCAGCCCGAAGACAAGCAATTTGATCAGGTTCTGAGCACTCCTGAATGTG
    GACTCTGGAATTTTCTCCTCACCTTGTGGCATATCAGCTTAAGTCAAGTA
    CAAGTGACAAACAACATAATCCTAAGAAGAGAGGAATCAAGCTGAAGTC
    A
    AAGGATCACTGCCTTGGATTCTACTGTGAATGATGACCTGGAAAATATCC
    TGAACAACAGCTTCAGGGTGATCATCAGAGACAAAAGTTCCAGAGCCAGg
    tagggaaaccctcaagccttgcaaagagcaaaatcatgccattgggttct
    taacctgctgagtgatttactatatgttactgtgggaggcaaagcgctca
    aatagcctgggtaagtatgtcaaataaaaagcaaaagtggtgtttcttga
    aatgttagacctgaggaaggaatattgataacttaccaataattttcaga
    atgatttatagatgtgcacttagtcagtgtctctccaccccgcacctgac
    aagcagtttagaatttattctaagaatctaggtttgctgggggctacatg
    ggaatcagcttcagtgaagagtttgttggaatgattcactaaattttcta
    tttccagcataaatccaagaacctctcagactagtttattgacactgctt
    ttcctccataatccatctcatctccgtccatcatggacactttgtagaat
    gacaggtcctggcagagactcacagatgcttctgaaacatcctttgcctt
    caaagaatgaacagcacacatactaaggatctcagtgatccacaaattag
    tttttgccacaatggttcttatgataaaagtctttcattaacagcaaatt
    gttttataatagttgttctgctttataataattgcatgcttcactttctt
    ttcttttctttttttttctttttttgctttttagtgccgcaggtgcagca
    tatgaaatttcccaggctaggggtcaaatcagaactacacctactggcct
    acgccacagccacagcaactcaggatctaagccatgtcggtgacctacac
    tacagctcatggcaatgccagatccttaacccaatgagcgaggccaggga
    tcgaacccatgtcctcatggatactagtcaggctcattatccgctgagcc
    ataacaggaactcccgagtttgctttttatcaaaattggtacagccttat
    tgtttctgaaaaccacaaaatgaatgtattcacataattttaaaaggtta
    aataatttatgatatacaagacaatagaaagagaaaacgtcattgcctct
    ttcttccacgacaacacgcctccttaattgatttgaagaaataactactg
    agcatggtttagtgtacttctttcagcaattagcctgtattcatagccat
    acatattcaattaaaatgagatcatgatatcacacaatacataccataca
    gcctatagggatttttacaatcatcttccacatgactacataaaaaccta
    cctaaaaaaaaaaaaaaccctacttcatcctcctattggctgctttgtgc
    tccattaaaaagctctatcataattaggttatgatgaggatttccatttt
    ctacctttcaagcaacatttcaatgcacagtcttatatacacatttgagc
    ctacttttctttttctttctttttttggtttttttttttttttttttttt
    ggtctttttgtcttttctaaggctgcatatggaggttcccaggctagctg
    tctaatcagaactatagctgctggcctacgccacatccacagcaatacaa
    gatctgagccatgtctgcaacttacaccacagctcacagcaacggtggat
    ccttaaaccactgagcaaggccagggatcaaacccataacttcatggctc
    ctagttggatttgttaaccactgagccatgatggcaactcctgagcctac
    ttttctaatcatttccaaccctaggacacttttttaagtttcatttttct
    ccccccaccccctgttttctgaagtgtgtttgcttccactgggtgacttc
    actcccaggatctcatctgcaggatactgcagctaagtgtatgagctctg
    aatttgaatcccaactctgccactcaaagggataggagtttccgatgtgg
    cccaatgggatcagtggcatctctgcagtgccaggacgcaggttccatcc
    ctggcccagcacagtgggttaagaatctggcattgctgcagctgaggcat
    agatttcaattgtgcctcagatctgatccttggcccaaggactgcatatg
    cctcagggcaaccaaaaaagagaaaaggggggtgatagcattagtttcta
    gatttgggggataattaaataaagtgatccatgtacaatgtatggcattt
    tgtaaatgctcaacaaatttcaactattatggagttcccatcatggctca
    gtggaagggaatctgattagcatccatgaggacacaggtccaaccccgac
    cttgctcagtgggcattgctgtgagctgtggcatgggttacagacgaagc
    tcggatctggcattgctgtggctgtggtgtaagccagcaactacagctct
    cattcagcccctagcctgggaacctccatatgcctaaaagacaaaaaata
    aaatttaaattaaaaataaagaaatgttaactattatgattggtactgct
    tgcattactgcaaagaaagtcactttctatactctttaatatcttagttg
    actgtgtgctcagtgaactattttggacacttaatttccactctcttcta
    tctccaacttgacaactctctttcctctcttctggtgagatccactgctg
    actttgctctttaaggcaactagaaaagtgctcagtgacaaaatcaaaga
    aagttaccttaatcttcagaattacaatcttaagttctcttgtaaagctt
    actatttcagtggttagtattattccttggtcccttacaacttatcagct
    ctgatctattgctgattttcaactatttattgttggagttttttcctttt
    ttccctgttcattctgcaaatgtttgctgagcatftgtcaagtgaagata
    ctggactgggccttccaaatataagacaatgaaacatcgggagttctcat
    tatggtgcagcagaaacgaatccaactaggaaatgtgaggttgcaggttc
    gatccctgcccttgctcagtgggttaaggatccagcattaccgtgagctg
    tggtgtaggttgcagacgtggctcagatcctgcgttgctgtggctgtggc
    ataggctggcagctctagctctgattcgaccgctagcctgggaacctcca
    tgcgccccgagtgcagcccttaaaaagcaaaaaaaaaagaaagaaagaaa
    aagacaatgaaacatcaaacagctaacaatccagtagggtagaaagaatc
    tggcaacagataagagcgattaaatgttctaggtccagtgaccttgcctc
    tgtgctctacacagtcgtgccacttgctgagggagaaggtctctcttgag
    ttgagtcctgaaagacattagttgttcacaaactaatgccagtgagtgaa
    ggtgtttccaagcagagggagagtttggtaaaaagctggaagtcacagaa
    agactctaaagagtttaggatggtgggagcaacatacgctgagatggggc
    tggaaggttaagagggaaacaactatagtaagtgaagctggactcacagc
    aaagtgaggacctcagcatccttgatggggttaccatggaaacaccaagg
    cacaccttgatttccaaaacagcaggcacctgattcagcccaatgtgaca
    tggtgggtacccctctagctctacctgttctgtgacaactgacaaccaac
    gaagttaagtctggattttctactctgctgatccttgtttttgtttcaca
    cgtcatctatagcttcatgccaaaatagagttcaaggtaagacgcgggcc
    ttggtttgatatacatgtagtctatcttgtttgagacaatatggtggcaa
    ggaagaggttcaaacaggaaaatactctctaattatgattaactgagaaa
    agctaaagagtcccataatgacactgaatgaagttcatcatttgcaaaag
    ccttcccccccccccaggagactataaaaaagtgcaattttttaaatgaa
    cttatttacaaaacagaaatagactcacagacataggaaacgaacagatg
    gttaccaagggtgaaagggagtaggagggataaataaggagtctggggtt
    agcagatacaccccagtgtacacaaaataaacaacagggacctactatat
    agcacagggaactatatgcagtagcttacaataacctataatggaaaaga
    atgtgaaaaagaatatatgtatgcgtgtgtgtgtaactgaatcactttgc
    tgtaacctgaatctaacataacattgtaaatcaactacagtttttttttt
    ttttaagtgcagggttttggtgttttttttttttcatttttgtttttgtt
    tttgttttttgctttttagggccacacccagacatatgggggttcccagg
    ctaggggtctaattagagctacagttgccggcttgcaccacagccacagc
    aacatcagatccgagccgcacttgcgacttacaccacagctcatggcaat
    accagatccttaacccactgagcaaggcccagggatcgtacccgcaacct
    catggttcctagtcagattcatttctgctgcgctacaatgggaactccaa
    gtgcagttttttgtaatgtgcttgtctttctttgtaattcatattcatcc
    tacttcccaataaataaataaatacataaataataaacataccattgtaa
    atcaactacaattttttttaaatgcagggtttttgttttttgttttttgt
    tttgtctttttgccttttctagggccgctcccatggcatatggaggttcc
    caggctaggggtcgaatcggagctgtagccaccggcctacgccagagcca
    cagcaacgcgggatccgagccgcgtctgcaacctacaccacagctcacgg
    caacgccggatcgttaacccactgagcaagggcagggatcgaacctgcaa
    cctcatggttcctagtcagattcgttaactactgagccacaacggaaact
    cctaaagtgcagtttttaaatgtgcttgtctttctttgtaatttacactc
    aacctacttcccaataaataaataaataaacaaataaatcatagacatgg
    ttgaattctaaaggaagggaccatcaggccttagacagaaatacgtcatc
    ttctagtattttaaaacacactaaagaagacaaacatgctctgccagaga
    agcccagggcctccacagctgcttgcaaagggagttaggcttcagtagct
    gacccaaggctctgttcctcttcagggaaaagggtttttgttcagtgaga
    cagcagacagctgtcactgtgGTGGACGTTCGGCCAAGGAACCAAGCTGG
    AACTCAAACgtaagtcaatccaaacgttccttccttggctgtctgtgtct
    tacggtctctgtggctctgaaatgattcatgtgctgactctctgaaacca
    gactgacattctccagggcaaaactaaagcctgtcatcaaactggaaaac
    tgagggcacattttctgggcagaactaagagtcaggcactgggtgaggaa
    aaacttgttagaatgatagtttcagaaacttactgggaagcaaagcccat
    gttctgaacagagctctgctcaagggtcaggaggggaaccagtttttgta
    caggagggaagttgagacgaacccctgtgTATATGGTTTCGGCGCGGGGA
    CCAAGCTGGAGCTCAAACgtaagtggctttttccgactgattctttgctg
    tttctaattgttggttggctttttgtccatttttcagtgttttcatcgaa
    ttagttgtcagggaccaaacaaattgccttcccagattaggtaccaggga
    ggggacattgctgcatgggagaccagagggtggctaatttttaacgtttc
    caagccaaaataactggggaagggggcttgctgtcctgtgagggtaggtt
    tttatagaagtggaagttaaggggaaatcgctatgGTTGACTTTTGGCTC
    GGGGACCAAAGTGGAGCCCAAAAttgagtacattttccatcaattatttg
    tgagatttttgtcctgttgtgtcatttgtgcaagtttttgacattttggt
    tgaatgagccattcccagggacccaaaaggatgagaccgaaaagtagaaa
    agagccaacttttaagctgagcagacagaccgaattgttgagtttgtgag
    gagagtagggtttgtagggagaaaggggaacagatcgctggctttttctc
    tgaattagcctttctcatgggactggcttcagagggggtttttgatgagg
    gaagtgttctagagccttaactgtgGGTTGTGTTCGGTAGCGGGACCAAG
    CTGGAAATCAAACgtaagtgcacttttctactcctttttctttcttatac
    gggtgtgaaattggggacttttcatgtttggagtatgagttgaggtcagt
    tctgaagagagtgggactcatccaaaaatctgaggagtaagggtcagaac
    agagttgtctcatggaagaacaaagacctagttagttgatgaggcagcta
    aatgagtcagttgacttgggatccaaatggccagacttcgtctgtaacca
    acaatctaatgagatgtagcagcaaaaagagatttccattgaggggaaag
    taaaattgttaatattgtgGATCACCTTTGGTGAAGGGACATCCGTGGAG
    ATTGAACgtaagtattttttctctactaccttctgaaatttgtctaaatg
    ccagtgttgacttttagaggcttaagtgtcagttttgtgaaaaatgggta
    aacaagagcatttcatatttattatcagtttcaaaagttaaactcagctc
    caaaaatgaatttgtagacaaaaagattaatttaagccaaattgaatgat
    tcaaaggaaaaaaaaattagtgtagatgaaaaaggaattcttacagctcc
    aaagagcaaaagcgaattaattttctttgaactttgccaaatcttgtaaa
    tgatttttgttctttacaatttaaaaaggttagagaaatgtatttcttag
    tctgttttctctcttctgtctgataaattattatatgagataaaaatgaa
    aattaataggatgtgctaaaaaatcagtaagaagttagaaaaatatatgt
    ttatgttaaagttgccacttaattgagaatcagaagcaatgttattttta
    aagtctaaaatgagagataaactgtcaatacttaaattctgcagagattc
    tatatcttgacagatatctcctttttcaaaaatccaatttctatggtaga
    ctaaatttgaaatgatcttcctcataatggagggaaaagatggactgacc
    ccaaaagctcagatttaaagaaatctgtttaagtgaaagaaaataaaaga
    actgcattttttaaaggcccatgaatttgtagaaaaataggaaatatttt
    aataagtgtattcttttattttcctgttattacttgatggtgtttttata
    ccgccaaggaggccgtggcaccgtcagtgtgatctgtagaccccatggcg
    gccttttttcgcgattgaatgaccttggcggtgggtccccagggctctgg
    tggcagcgcaccagccgctaaaagccgctaaaaactgccgctaaaggcca
    cagcaaccccgcgaccgcccgttcaactgtgctgacacagtgatacagat
    aatgtcgctaacagaggagaatagaaatatgacgggcacacgctaatgtg
    gggaaaagagggagaagcctgatttttattttttagagattctagagata
    aaattcccagtattatatccttttaataaaaaatttctattaggagatta
    taaagaatttaaagctatttttttaagtggggtgtaattctttcagtagt
    ctcttgtcaaatggatttaagtaatagaggcttaatccaaatgagagaaa
    tagacgcataaccctttcaaggcaaaagctacaagagcaaaaattgaaca
    cagcagccagccatctagccactcagattttgatcagttttactgagttt
    gaagtaaatatcatgaaggtataattgctgataaaaaaataagatacagg
    tgtgacacatctttaagtttcagaaatttaatggcttcagtaggattata
    tttcacgtatacaaagtatctaagcagataaaaatgccattaatggaaac
    ttaatagaaatatatttttaaattccttcattctgtgacagaaattttct
    aatctgggtcttttaatcacctaccctttgaaagagtttagtaatttgct
    atttgccatcgctgtttactccagctaatttcaaaagtgatacttgagaa
    agattatttttggtttgcaaccacctggcaggactattttagggccattt
    taaaactcttttcaaactaagtattftaaactgttctaaaccatttaggg
    ccttttaaaaatcttttcatgaatttcaaacttcgttaaaagttattaag
    gtgtctggcaagaacttccttatcaaatatgctaatagtttaatctgtta
    atgcaggatataaaattaaagtgatcaaggcttgacccaaacaggagtat
    cttcatagcatatttcccctcctttttttctagaattcatatgattttgc
    tgccaaggctattttatataatctctggaaaaaaaatagtaatgaaggtt
    aaaagagaagaaaatatcagaacattaagaattcggtattttactaactg
    cttggttaacatgaaggtttttattttattaaggtttctatctttataaa
    aatctgttcccttttctgctgatttctccaagcaaaagattcttgatttg
    ttttttaactcttactctcccacccaagggcctgaatgcccacaaagggg
    acttccaggaggccatctggcagctgctcaccgtcagaagtgaagccagc
    cagttcctcctgggcaggtggccaaaattacagttgacccctcctggtct
    ggctgaaccttgccccatatggtgacagccatctggccagggcccaggtc
    tccctctgaagcctttgggaggagagggagagtggctggcccgatcacag
    atgcggaaggggctgactcctcaaccggggtgcagactctgcagggtggg
    tctgggcccaacacacccaaagcacgcccaggaaggaaaggcagcttggt
    atcactgcccagagctaggagaggcaccgggaaaatgatctgtccaagac
    ccgttcttgcttctaaactccgagggggtcagatgaagtggttttgtttc
    ttggcctgaagcatcgtgttccctgcaagaagcggggaacacagaggaag
    gagagaaaagatgaactgaacaaagcatgcaaggcaaaaaaggccttagg
    atggctgcaggaagttagttcttctgcattggctccttactggctcgtcg
    atcgcccacaaacaacgcacccagtggagaacttccctgttacttaaaca
    ccattctctgtgcttgcttcctcagGGGCTGATGCCAAGCCATCCGTCTT
    CATCTTCCCGCCATCGAAGGAGCAGTTAGCGACCCCAACTGTCTCTGTGG
    TGTGCTTGATCAATAACTTCTTCCCCAGAGAAATCAGTGTCAAGTGGAAA
    GTGGATGGGGTGGTCCAAAGCAGTGGTCATCCGGATAGTGTCACAGAGCA
    GGACAGCAAGGACAGCACCTACAGCCTCAGCAGCACCCTCTCGCTGCCCA
    CGTCACAGTACCTAAGTCATAATTTATATTCCTGTGAGGTCACCCACAAG
    ACCCTGGCCTCCCCTCTGGTCACAAGCTTCAACAGGAACGAGTGTGAGGC
    TtagAGGCCCACAGGCCCCTGGCCTGCCCCCAGCCCCAGCCCCCCTCCCC
    ACCTGAAGCCTCAGGCCCTTGCCCCAGAGGATCCTTGGCAATCCCCCAGC
    CCCTCTTCCCTCCTCATCCCCTCCCCCTCTTTGGCTTTAACCGTGTTAAT
    ACTGGGGGGTGGGGGAATGAATAaataaaGTGAACCTTTGCACCTGTGAt
    ttctctctcctgtctgattttaaggttgttaaatgttgttttccccatta
    tagttaatcttttaaggaactacatactgagttgctaaaaactacaccat
    cacttataaaattcacgccttctcagttctcccctcccctcctgtcctcc
    gtaagacaggcctccgtgaaacccataagcacttctctttacaccctctc
    ctgggccggggtaggagactttttgatgtcccctcttcagcaagcctcag
    aaccattttgagggggacagttcttacagtcacat*tcctgtgatctaat
    gactttagttaccgaaaagccagtctctcaaaaagaagggaacggctaga
    aaccaagtcatagaaatatatatgtataaaatatatatatatccatatat
    gtaaaataacaaaataatgataacagcataggtcaacaggcaacagggaa
    tgttgaagtccattctggcacttcaatttaagggaataggatgccttcat
    tacattttaaatacaatacacatggagagcttcctatctgccaaagacca
    tcctgaatgccttccacactcactacaaggttaaaagcattcattacaat
    gttgatcgaggagttcccgttgtggctcagcaggttaagaacgtgactgg
    tatccaggaggatgcgggtttggtccccagcctcgctcagtggattaagg
    atccagtgttgctgcaagatcacgggctcagatcccgtgttctatggcta
    tggtgtaggctggtagctgcatgcagccctaatttgacccctagcctggg
    aactgccatatgccacatgtgaggcccttaaaacctaaaagaaaaaaaaa
    gaaaagaaatatcttacacccaatttatagataagagagaagctaaggtg
    gcaggcccaggatcaaagccctacctgcctatcttgacacctgatacaaa
    ttctgtcttctagggtttccaacactgcatagaacagagggtcaaacatg
    ctaccctcccagggactcctcccttcaaatgacataaattttgttgccca
    tctctgggggcaaaactcaacaatcaatggcatctctagtaccaagcaag
    gctcttctcatgaagcaaaactctgaagccagatccatcatgacccaagg
    aagtaaagacaggtgttactggttgaactgtatccttcaattcaatatgc
    tcaatttccaactcccagtccccgtaaatacaaccccctttgggaagaga
    gtccttgcagatgtagccacgttaaaaagagattatacagaaaggctagt
    gaggatgcagtgaaacgggatctttcatacattgctggtggaaatgtaaa
    atgctgcaggcactctagaaaataatttgccagttttttgaaaagctaaa
    caaaatagtttagttgcattctgggttatttatcccccagaaattaaaaa
    ttatgtccgcacaaaaacgtgtacataatcattcataacagccttgtac
    Seq ID No. 12
    caaggaaccaagctggaactcaaacgtaagtcaatccaaacgttccttcc
    ttggctgtctgtgtcttacggtctctgtggctctgaaatgattcatgtgc
    tgactctctgaaaccagactgacattctccagggcaaaactaaagcctgt
    catcaaactggaaaactgagggcacattttctgggcagaactaagagtca
    ggcactgggtgaggaaaaacttgttagaatgatagtttcagaaacttact
    gggaagcaaagcccatgttctgaacagagctctgctcaagggtcaggagg
    ggaaccagtttttgtacaggagggaagttgagacgaacccctgtgtatat
    ggtttcggcgcggggaccaagctggagctcaaacgtaagtggctttttcc
    gactgattctttgctgtttctaattgttggttggctttttgtccattttt
    cagtgttttcatcgaattagttgtcagggaccaaacaaattgccttccca
    gattaggtaccagggaggggacattgctgcatgggagaccagagggtggc
    taatttttaacgtttccaagccaaaataactggggaagggggcttgctgt
    cctgtgagggtaggtttttatagaagtggaagttaaggggaaatcgctat
    ggttcacttttggctcggggaccaaagtggagcccaaaattgagtacatt
    ttccatcaattatttgtgagatttttgtcctgttgtgtcatttgtgcaag
    tttttgacattttggttgaatgagccattcccagggacccaaaaggatga
    gaccgaaaagtagaaaagagccaacttttaagctgagcagacagaccgaa
    ttgttgagtttgtgaggagagtagggtttgtagggagaaaggggaacaga
    tcgctggctttttctctgaattagcctttctcatgggactggcttcagag
    ggggtttttgatgagggaagtgttctagagccttaactgtgggttgtgtt
    cggtagcgggaccaagctggaaatcaaacgtaagtgcacttttctactcc
    tttttctttcttatacgggtgtgaaattggggacttttcatgtttggagt
    atgagttgaggtcagttctgaagagagtgggactcatccaaaaatctgag
    gagtaagggtcagaacagagttgtctcatggaagaacaaagacctagtta
    gttgatgaggcagctaaatgagtcagttgacttgggatccaaatggccag
    acttcgtctgtaaccaacaatctaatgagatgtagcagcaaaaagagatt
    tccattgaggggaaagtaaaattgttaatattgtggatcacctttggtga
    agggacatccgtggagattgaacgtaagtattttttctctactaccttct
    gaaatttgtctaaatgccagtgttgacttttagaggcttaagtgtcagtt
    ttgtgaaaaatgggtaaacaagagcatttcatatttattatcagtttcaa
    aagttaaactcagctccaaaaatgaatttgtagacaaaaagattaattta
    agccaaattgaatgattcaaaggaaaaaaaaattagtgtagatgaaaaag
    gaattcttacagctccaaagagcaaaagcgaattaattttctttgaactt
    tgccaaatcttgtaaatgatttttgttctttacaatttaaaaaggttaga
    gaaatgtatttcttagtctgttttctctcttctgtctgataaattattat
    atgagataaaaatgaaaattaataggatgtgctaaaaaatcagtaagaag
    ttagaaaaatatatgtttatgttaaagttgccacttaattgagaatcaga
    agcaatgttatttttaaagtctaaaatgagagataaactgtcaatactta
    aattctgcagagattctatatcttgacagatatctcctttttcaaaaatc
    caatttctatggtagactaaatttgaaatgatcttcctcataatggaggg
    aaaagatggactgaccccaaaagctcagattt*aagaaaacctgtttaag
    *gaaagaaaataaaagaactgcattttttaaaggcccatgaatttgtaga
    aaaataggaaatattttaataagtgtattcttttattttcctgttattac
    ttgatggtgtttttataccgccaaggaggccgtggcaccgtcagtgtgat
    ctgtagaccccatggcggccttttttcgcgattgaatgaccttggcggtg
    ggtccccagggctctggtggcagcgcaccagccgctaaaagccgctaaaa
    actgccgctaaaggccacagcaaccccgcgaccgcccgttcaactgtgct
    gacacagtgatacagataatgtcgctaacagaggagaatagaaatatgac
    gggcacacgctaatgtggggaaaagagggagaagcctgatttttattttt
    tagagattctagagataaaattcccagtattatatccttttaataaaaaa
    tttctattaggagattataaagaatttaaagctatttttttaagtggggt
    gtaattctttcagtagtctcttgtcaaatggatttaagtaatagaggctt
    aatccaaatgagagaaatagacgcataaccctttcaaggcaaaagctaca
    agagcaaaaattgaacacagcagccagccatctagccactcagattttga
    tcagttttactgagtttgaagtaaatatcatgaaggtataattgctgata
    aaaaaataagatacaggtgtgacacatctttaagtttcagaaatttaatg
    gcttcagtaggattatatttcacgtatacaaagtatctaagcagataaaa
    atgccattaatggaaacttaatagaaatatatttttaaattccttcattc
    tgtgacagaaattttctaatctgggtcttttaatcacctaccctttgaaa
    gagtttagtaatttgctatttgccatcgctgtttactccagctaatttca
    aaagtgatacttgagaaagattatttttggtttgcaaccacctggcagga
    ctattttagggccattttaaaactcttttcaaactaagtattttaaactg
    ttctaaaccatttagggccttttaaaaatcttttcatgaatttcaaactt
    cgttaaaagttattaaggtgtctggcaagaacttccttatcaaatatgct
    aatagtttaatctgttaatgcaggatataaaattaaagtgatcaaggctt
    gacccaaacaggagtatcttcatagcatatttcccctcctttttttctag
    aattcatatgattttgctgccaaggctattttatataatctctggaaaaa
    aaatagtaatgaaggttaaaagagaagaaaatatcagaacattaagaatt
    cggtattttactaactgcttggttaacatgaaggtttttattttattaag
    gtttctatctttataaaaatctgttcccttttctgctgatttctccaagc
    aaaagattcttgatttgttttttaactcttactctcccacccaagggcct
    gaatgcccacaaaggggacttccaggaggccatctggcagctgctcaccg
    tcagaagtgaagccagccagttcctcctgggcaggtggccaaaattacag
    ttgacccctcctggtctggctgaaccttgccccatatggtgacagccatc
    tggccagggcccaggtctccctctgaagcctttgggaggagagggagagt
    ggctggcccgatcacagatgcggaaggggctgactcctcaaccggggtgc
    agactctgcagggtgggtctgggcccaacacacccaaagcacgcccagga
    aggaaaggcagcttggtatcactgcccagagctaggagaggcaccgggaa
    aatgatctgtccaagacccgttcttgcttctaaactccgagggggtcaga
    tgaagtggttttgtttcttggcctgaagcatcgtgttccctgcaagaagc
    ggggaacacagaggaaggagagaaaagatgaactgaacaaagcatgcaag
    gcaaaaaaggccttaggatggctgcaggaagttagttcttctgcattggc
    tccttactggctcgtcgatcgcccacaaacaacgcacccagtggagaact
    tccctgttacttaaacaccattctctgtgcttgcttcctcaggggctgat
    gccaagccatccgtcttcatcttcccgccatcgaaggagcagttagcgac
    cccaactgtctctgtggtgtgcttgatca
    Seq ID No. 15
    gatgccaagccatccgtcttcatcttcccgccatcgaaggagcagttagc
    gaccccaactgtctctgtggtgtgcttgatcaataacttcttccccagag
    aaatcagtgtcaagtggaaagtggatggggtggtccaaagcagtggtcat
    ccggatagtgtcacagagcaggacagcaaggacagcacctacagcctcag
    cagcaccctctcgctgcccacgtcacagtacctaagtcataatttatatt
    cctgtgaggtcacccacaagaccctggcctcccctctggtcacAAGCTTC
    AACAGGAACGAGTGTGAGGCTTAGAGGCCCACAGGCCCCTGGCCTGCCCC
    CAGCCCCAGCCCCGCTCCCCACCTCAAGCCTCAGGCCCTTGCCCCAGAGG
    ATCCTTGGCAATCCCCCAGCCCCTCTTCCCTCCTCATCCCCTCCCCCTCT
    TTGGCTTTAACCGTGTTAATACTGGGGGGTGGGGGAATGAATAAATAAAG
    TGAACCTTTGCACCTGTGATTTCTCTCTCCTGTCTGATTTTAAGGTTGTT
    AAATGTTGTTTTCCCCATTATAGTTAATCTTTTAAGGAACTACATACTGA
    GTTGCTAAAAACTACACCATCACTTATAAAATTCAcgCCTTCTCAGTTCT
    CCCCTCCCCTCCTGTCCTCCGTAAGACAGGCCTCCGTGAAACCCATAAGC
    ACTTCTCTTTACACCCTCTCCTGGGCCGGGGTAGGAGACTTTTTGATGTC
    CCCTcTTCAGCAAGCCTCAGAACCATTTTGAGGGGGACAGTTCTTACAGT
    CACAT*TCCtGtGATCTAATGACTTTAGTTaCCGAAAAGCCAGTGTCTCA
    AAAAGAAGGGAACGGCTAGAAACCAAGTCATAGAAATATATATGTATAAA
    ATATATATATATCCATATATGTAAAATAACAAAATAATGATAACAGCATA
    GGTCAACAGGCAACAGGGAATGTTGAAGTCCATTCTGGCACTTCAATTTA
    AGGGAATAGGATGCCTTCATTACATTTTAAATACAATACACATGGAGAGC
    TTCCTATCTGCCAAAGACCATCCTGAATGCCTTCCACACTCACTACAAGG
    TTAAAAGCATTCATTACAATGTTGATCGAGGAGTTCCCGTTGTGGCTCAG
    CAGGTTAAGAACGTGACTGGTATCCAGGAGGATGCGGGTTTGGTCCCCAG
    CCTCGCTCAGTGGATTAAGGATCCAGTGTTGCTGCAAGATCACGGGCTCA
    GATCCCGTGTTCTATGGCTATGGTGTAGGCTGGTAGCTGCATGCAGCCCT
    AATTTGACCCCTAGCCTGGGAACTGCCATAtGCCACATGTGAGGCCCTTA
    AAACCTAAAAGAAAAAaAAAGAAAAGAAATATCTTACACCCAATTTATAG
    ATAAGAGAGAAGCTAAGGTGGCAGGCCCAGGATCAAAGCCCTACCTGCCT
    ATCTTGACACCTGAtACAAATTCTGTCTTCTAGGGtTTCCAACACTGCAT
    AGAACAGAGGGTCAAACATGCTACCCTCCCAGGGACTCCTCCCTTCAAAT
    GACATAAATTTTGTTGCCCATCTCTGGGGGCAAAACTCAACAATCAATGG
    CATCTCTAGTACCAAGCAAGGCTCTTCTCATGAAGCAAAACTCTGAAGCC
    AGATCCATCATGACCCAAGGAAGTAAAGACAGGTGTTACTGGTTGAACTG
    TATCCTTCAATTCAATATGCTCAATTTCCAACTCCCAGTCCCCGTAAATA
    CAACCCCCTTTGGGAAGAGAGTCCTTGCAGATGTAGCCACGTTAAAAAGA
    GATTATACAGAAAGGCTAGTGAGGATGCAGTGAAACGGGATCTTTCATAC
    ATTGCTGGTGGAAATGTAAAATGCTGCAGGCACTCTAGAAAATAATTTGC
    CAGTTTTTTGAAAAGCTAAACAAAATAGTTTAGTTGCATTCTGGGTTATT
    TATCCCCCAGAAATTAAAAATTATGTCCGCACAAAAACGTGTACATAATC
    ATTCATAACAGCCTTGTACGAAAAGCTT
    Seq ID No. 16
    GGATCCTTAACCCACTAATCGAGGATCAAACACGCATCCTCATGGACAAT
    ATGTTGGGTTCTTAGCCTGCTGAGACACAACAGGAACTCCCCTGGCACCA
    CTTTAGAGGCCAGAGAAACAGCACAGATAAAATTCCCTGCCCTCATGAAG
    CTTATAGTCTAGCTGGGGAGATATCATAGGCAAGATAAACACATACAAAT
    ACATCATCTTAGGTAATAATATATACTAAGGAGAAAATTACAGGGGAGAA
    AGAGGACAGGAATTGCTAGGGTAGGATTATAAGTTCAGATAGTTCATCAG
    GAACACTGTfGCTGAGAAGATAACATTTAGGTAAAGACCGAAGTAGTAAG
    GAAATGGACCGTGTGCCTAAGTGGGTAAGACCATTCTAGGCAGCAGGAAC
    AGCGATGAAAGCACTGAGGTGGGTGTTCACTGCACAGAGTTGTTCACTGC
    ACAGAGTTGTGTGGGGAGGGGTAGGTCTTGCAGGGTCTTATGGTCACAGG
    AAGAATTGTTTTACTCCCACCGAGATGAAGGTTGGTGGATTTTGAGCAGA
    AGAATAATTCTGCCTGGTTTATATATAACAGGATTTCCCTGGGTGCTCTG
    ATGAGAATAATCTGTCAGGGGTGGGATAGGGAGAGATATGGCAATAGGAG
    CCTTGGCTAGGAGCCCACGACAATAATTCCAAGTGAGAGGTGGTGCTGCA
    TTGAAAGCAGGACTAACAAGACCTGCTGACAGTGTGGATGTAGAAAAAGA
    TAGAGGAGACGAAGGTGCATCTAGGGTTTTCTGCCTGAGGAATTAGAAAG
    ATAAAGCTAAAGCTTATAGAAGATGCAGCGCTCTGGGGAGAAAGACCAGC
    AGCTCAGTTTTGATCCATCTGGAATTAATTTTGGCATAAAGTATGAGGTA
    TGTGGGTTAACATTATTTGTTTTTTTTTTTTCCATGTAGCTATCCAACTG
    TCCCAGCATCATTTATTTTAAAAGACTTTCCTTTCCCCTATTGGATTGTT
    TTGGCACCTTCACTGAAGATCAACTGAGCATAAAATTGGGTCTATTTCTA
    AGCTCTTGATTCCATTCCATGACCTATTTGTTCATCTTTACCCCAGTAGA
    CACTGCCTTGATGATTAAAGCCCCTGTTACCATGTCTGTTTTGGACATGG
    TAAATCTGAGATGCCTATTAGCCAACCAAGCAAGCACGGCCCTTAGAGAG
    CTAGATATGAGAGCCTGGAATTCAGACGAGAAAGGTCAGTCCTAGAGACA
    TACATGTAGTGCCATCACCATGCGGATGGTGTTAAAAGCCATCAGACTGC
    AACAGACTGTGAGAGGGTACCAAGCTAGAGAGCATGGATAGAGAAACCCA
    AGCACTGAGCTGGGAGGTGCTCCTACATTAAGAGATTAGTGAGATGAAGG
    ACTGAGAAGATTGATCAGAGAAGAAGGAaAATCAGGAAAATGGTGCTGTC
    cTGAAAATCCAAGGGAAGAGATGTTCCAAAGAGGAGAaAACTGATCAGTT
    GTCAGCTAGCGTCAATTGGGATGAAAATGGACCATTGGACAGAGGGATGT
    AGTGGGTCATGGGTGAATAGATAAGAGCAGCTTCTATAGAATGGCAGGGG
    CAAAATTCTCATCTGATCGGCATGGGTTcTAAAGAAAACGGGAAGAAAAA
    ATTGAGTGCATGACCAGTCCCTTCAAGTAGAGAGGTgGAAAAGGGAAGGA
    GGAAAATGAGGCCACGACAACATGAGAGAAATGACAGCATTTTTAAAAAT
    TTTTTATTTTATTTtATTTATTTATTTTTGCTTTTTAGGGCTGCCCCTGC
    AAcatatggaggttcccaggttaggggtctaatcagagctatagctgcca
    gcctacaccacagccatagcaatgccagatctacatgacctacaccacag
    ctcacagcaacgccggatccttaacccactgagtgaggccagagatcaaa
    cccatatccttatggatactagtcaggttcattaccactgagccaaaatg
    ggaaATCCTGAGTAATGACAGCATTTTTTAATGTGCCAGGAAGCAAAACT
    TGCCACCCCGAAATGTCTCTCAGGCATGTGGATTATTTTGAGCTGAAAAC
    GATTAAGGCCCAAAAAACACAAGAAGAAATGTGGACCTTCCCCCAACAGC
    CTAAAAAATTTAGATTGAGGGCCTGTTCCCAGAATAGAGCTATTGCCAGA
    CTTGTCTACAGAGGCTAAGGGCTAGGTGTGGTGGGGAAACCCTCAGAGAT
    CAGAGGGACGTTTATGTACCAAGCATTGACATTTCCATCTCCATGCGAAT
    GGCCTTCTTCCCCTCTGTAGCCCCAAACCACCACCCCCAAAATCTTCTTC
    TGTCTTTAGCTGAAGATGGTGTTGAAGGTGATAGTTTCAGCCACTTTGGC
    GAGTTCCTCAGTTGTTCTGGGTCTTTCCTCCGGATCCACATTATTCGACT
    GTGTTTGATTTTCTCCTGTTTATCTGTCTCATTGGCACCCATTTCATTCT
    TAGACCAGCCCAAAGAACCTAGAAGAGTGAAGGAAAATTTCTTCCACCCT
    GACAAATGCTAAATGAGAATCACCgCAGTAGAGGAAAATGATCTGGTgCT
    GCGGGAGATAGAAGAGAAAATcGCTGGAGAGATGTCACTGAGTAGGTGAG
    ATGGGAAAGGGGGGGCACAGGTGGAGGTGTTGCCCTCAGCTAGGAAGACA
    GACAGTTcacagaagagaagcgggtgtccgtGGACATCTTGCCTCATGGA
    TGAGGAAACCGAGGCTAAGAAAGACTGCAAAAGAAAGGTAAGGATTGCAG
    AGAGGTCGATCCATGACTAAAATCACAGTAACCAACCCCAAACCACCATG
    TTTTCTCCTAGTCTGGCACGTGGCAGGTACTGTGTAGGTTTTCAATATTA
    TTGGTTTGTAACAGTACCTATTAGGCCTCCATCcCCTCCTCTAATACTAA
    CAAAAGTGTGAGACTGGTCAGTGAAAAATGGTCTTCTTTCTCTATGCAAT
    CTTTCTCAAGAAGATACATAACTTTTTATTTTATCATaGGCTTGAAGAGC
    AAATGAGAAACAgCCTCCAACCTATGACACCGTAACAAAGTGTTTATGAT
    CAGTGAAGGGCAAGAAACAAAACATACACaGTAAAGACCCTCCATAATAT
    TGtGGGCTGGCCCAaCACAGGCCAGGTTGTAAAAGCTTTTTATTCTTTGA
    TAGAGGAATGGATAGTAATGTTTCAACCTGGACAGAGAT*CATGTTCACT
    GAATCCTTCCAAAAATTCATGGGTAGTTTGAAtTATAAGGAAAATAAGAC
    TTAGGATAAATACTTTgTCCA*GATCCCAGAGTTAATgCCAAAATCAGTT
    TTCAGACTCCAGGCAGCCTGATCAAGAGCCTAAACTTTAAAGACACAGTC
    CCTTAATAACTACTATTCACAGTTGCACTTTCAgGGCGCAAAGACTCATT
    GAATCCTACAATAGAATGAGTTTAGATATCAAATCTCTCAGTAATAGATG
    AGGAGACTAAATAGCGGGCATGACCTGGTCACTTAAAGACAGAATTGAGA
    TTCAAGGCTAGTGTTCTTTCTACCTGTTTTGTTTCTACAAGATGTAGCAA
    TGCGCTAATTACAGACCTCTCAGGGAAGGAATTCACAACCCTCAGCAAAA
    ACCAAAGACAAATCTAAGACAACTAAGAGTGTTGGTTTAATTTGGAAAAA
    TAACTCACTAACCAAACGCCCCTCTTAGCACCCCAATGTCTTCCACCATC
    ACAGTGCTCAGGCCTCAACCATGCCCCAATCACCCCAGCCCCAGACTGGT
    TATTACCAAGTTTCATGATGACTGGCCTGAGAAGATCAAAAAAGCAATGA
    CATCTTACAGGGGACTACCCCGAGGACCAAGATAGCAACTGTCATAGCAA
    CCGTCACACTGCTTTGGTCA
    Seq ID No. 19
    ggatcaaacacgcatcctcatggacaatatgttgggttcttagcctgctg
    agacacaacaggaactcccctggcaccactttagaggccagagaaacagc
    acagataaaattccctgccctcatgaagcttatagtctagctggggagat
    atcataggcaagataaacacatacaaatacatcatcttaggtaataatat
    atactaaggagaaaattacaggggagaaagaggacaggaattgctagggt
    aggattataagttcagatagttcatcaggaacactgttgctgagaagata
    acatttaggtaaagaccgaagtagtaaggaaatggaccgtgtgcctaagt
    gggtaagaccattctaggcagcaggaacagcgatgaaagcactgaggtgg
    gtgttcactgcacagagttgttcactgcacagagttgtgtggggaggggt
    aggtcttgcaggctcttatggtcacaggaagaattgttttactcccaccg
    agatgaaggttggtggattttgagcagaagaataattctgcctggtttat
    atataacaggatttccctgggtgctctgatgagaataatctgtcaggggt
    gggatagggagagatatggcaataggagccttggctaggagcccacgaca
    ataattccaagtgagaggtggtgctgcattgaaagcaggactaacaagac
    ctgctgacagtgtggatgtagaaaaagatagaggagacgaaggtgcatct
    agggttttctgcctgaggaattagaaagataaagctaaagcttatagaag
    atgcagcgctctggggagaaagaccagcagctcagttttgatccatctgg
    aattaattttggcataaagtatgaggtatgtgggttaacattatttgttt
    tttttttttccatgtagctatccaactgtcccagcatcatttattttaaa
    agactttcctttcccctattggattgttttggcaccttcactgaagatca
    actgagcataaaattgggtctatttctaagctcttgattccattccatga
    cctatttgttcatctttaccccagtagacactgccttgatgattaaagcc
    cctgttaccatgtctgttttggacatggtaaatctgagatgcctattagc
    caaccaagcaagcacggcccttagagagctagatatgagagcctggaatt
    cagacgagaaaggtcagtcctagagacatacatgtagtgccatcaccatg
    cggatggtgttaaaagccatcagactgcaacagactgtgagagggtacca
    agctagagagcatggatagagaaacccaagcactgagctgggaggtgctc
    ctacattaagagattagtgagatgaaggactgagaagattgatcagagaa
    gaaggaaaatcaggaaaatggtgctgtcctgaaaatccaagggaagagat
    gttccaaagaggagaaaactgatcagttgtcagctagcgtcaattgggat
    gaaaatggaccattggacagagggatgtagtgggtcatgggtgaatagat
    aagagcagcttctatagaatggcaggggcaaaattctcatctgatcggca
    tgggttctaaagaaaacgggaagaaaaaattgagtgcatgaccagtccct
    tcaagtagagaggtggaaaagggaaggaggaaaatgaggccacgacaaca
    tgagagaaatgacagcatttttaaaaattttttattttattttatttatt
    tatttttgctttttagggctgcccctgcaacatatggaggttcccaggtt
    aggggtctaatcagagctatagctgccagcctacaccacagccatagcaa
    tgccagatctacatgacctacaccacagctcacagcaacgccggatcctt
    aacccactgagtgaggccagagatcaaacccatatccttatggatactag
    tcaggttcattaccactgagccaaaatgggaaatcctgagtaatgacagc
    attttttaatgtgccaggaagcaaaacttgccaccccgaaatgtctctca
    ggcatgtggattattttgagctgaaaacgattaaggcccaaaaaacacaa
    gaagaaatgtggaccttcccccaacagcctaaaaaatttagattgagggc
    ctgttcccagaatagagctattgccagacttgtctacagaggctaagggc
    taggtgtggtggggaaaccctcagagatcagagggacgtttatgtaccaa
    gcattgacatttccatctccatgcgaatggccttcttcccctctgtagcc
    ccaaaccaccacccccaaaatcttcttctgtctttagctgaagatggtgt
    tgaaggtgatagtttcagccactttggcgagttcctcagttgttctgggt
    ctttcctccTgatccacattattcgactgtgtttgattttctcctgttta
    tctgtctcattggcacccatttcattcttagaccagcccaaagaacctag
    aagagtgaaggaaaatttcttccaccctgacaaatgctaaatgagaatca
    ccgcagtagaggaaaatgatctggtgctgcgggagatagaagagaaaatc
    gctggagagatgtcactgagtaggtgagatgggaaaggggtgacacaggt
    ggaggtgttgccctcagctaggaagacagacagttcacagaagagaagcg
    ggtgtccgtggacatcttgcctcatggatgaggaaaccgaggctaagaaa
    gactgcaaaagaaaggtaaggattgcagagaggtcgatccatgactaaaa
    tcacagtaaccaaccccaaaccaccatgttttctcctagtctggcacgtg
    gcaggtactgtgtaggttttcaatattattggtttgtaacagtacctatt
    aggcctccatcccctcctctaatactaacaaaagtgtgagactggtcagt
    gaaaaatggtcttctttctctatgaatctttctcaagaagatacataact
    ttttattttatcataggcttgaagagcaaatgagaaacagcctccaacct
    atgacaccgtaacaaaatgtttatgatcagtgaagggcaagaaacaaaac
    atacacagtaaagaccctccataatattgtgggtggcccaacacaggcca
    ggttgtaaaagctttttattctttgatagaggaatggatagtaatgtttc
    aacctggacagagatcatgttcactgaatccttccaaaaattcatgggta
    gtttgaattataaggaaaataagacttaggataaatactttgtccaagat
    cccagagttaatgccaaaatcagttttcagactccaggcagcctgatcaa
    gagcctaaactttaaagacacagtcccttaataactactattcacagttg
    cactttcagggcgcaaagactcattgaatcctacaatagaatgagtttag
    atatcaaatctctcagtaatagatgaggagactaaatagcgggcatgacc
    tggtcacttaaagacagaattgagattcaaggctagtgttctttctacct
    gttttgtttctacaagatgtagcaatgcgctaattacagacctctcaggg
    aaggaattcacaaccctcagcaaaaaccaaagacaaatctaagacaacta
    agagtgttggtttaatttggaaaaataactcactaaccaaacgcccctct
    tagcaccccaatgtcttccaccatcacagtgctcaggcctcaaccatgcc
    ccaatcacc
    Seq ID No. 25
    GCACATGGTAGGCAAAGGACTTTGCTTCTCCCAGCACATCTTTCTGCAGA
    GATCCATGGAAACAAGACTCAACTCCAAAGCAGCAAAGAAGCAGCAAGTT
    CTCAAGTGATCTCCTCTGACTCCCTCCTCCCAGGCTAATGAAGCCATGTT
    GCCCCTGGGGGATTAAGGGCAGGTGTCCATTGTGGGACCCAGCCCGAAGA
    CAAGCAATTTGATCAGGTTCTGAGCACTCCTGAATGTGGACTCTGGAATT
    TTCTCCTCACCTTGTGGCATATCAGCTTAAGTCAAGTACAAGTGACAAAC
    AACATAATCCTAAGAAGAGAGGAATCAAGCTGAAGTCAAAGGATCACTGC
    CTTGGATTCTACTGTGAATGATGACCTGGAAAATATCCTGAACAACAGCT
    TCAGGGTGATCATCAGAGACAAAAGTTCCAGAGCCAGGTAGGGAAACCCT
    CAAGCCTTGCAAAGAGCAAAATCATGCCATTGGGTTCTTAACCTGCTGAG
    TGATTTACTATATGTTACTGTGGGAGGCAAAGCGCTCAAATAGCCTGGGT
    AAGTATGTCAAATAAAAAGCAAAAGTGGTGTTTCTTGAAATGTTAGACCT
    GAGGAAGGAATATTGATAACTTACCAATAATTTTCAGAATGATTTATAGA
    TGTGCACTTAGTCAGTGTCTCTCCACCCCGCACCTGACAAGCAGTTTAGA
    ATTTATTCTAAGAATCTAGGTTTGCTGGGGGCTACATGGGAATCAGCTTC
    AGTGAAGAGTTTGTTGGAATGATTCACTAAATTTTCTATTTCCAGCATAA
    ATCCAAGAACCTCTCAGACTAGTTTATTGACACTGCTTTTCCTCCATAAT
    CCATCTCATCTCCGTCCATCATGGACACTTTGTAGAATGACAGGTCCTGG
    CAgAGACTCaCAGATGCTTCTGAAACATCCTTTGCCTTCAAAGAATGAAC
    AGCACACATACTAAGGATCTCAGTGATCCACAAATTAGTTTTTGCCACAA
    TGGTTCTTATGATAAAAGTCTTTCATTAACAGCAAATTGTTTTATAATAG
    TTGTTCTGCTTTATAATAATTGCATGCTrCACTTTCTTTTCTTTTCTTTT
    TTTTTCTTTTTTTGCTTTTTAGTGCCGCAGGTgcagcatatgaaatttcc
    caggctaggggtcaaatcagaactacacctactggcctacgccacagcca
    cagcaactcaggatctaagccatgtcggtgacctacactacagctcatgg
    caatgccagatccttaacccaatgagcgaggccagggatcgaacccatgt
    cctcatggatactagtcaggctcattatccgctgagccataacaggaact
    cccGAGTTTGCTTTTTATCAAAATTGGTACAGCCTTATTGTTTCTGAAAA
    CCACAAAATGAATGTATTCACATAATTTTAAAAGGTTAAATAATTTATGA
    TATACAAGACAATAGAAAGAGAAAACGTCATTGCCTCTTTCTTCCACGAC
    AACACGCCTCCTTAATTGATTTGAAGAAATAACTACTGAGCATGGTTTAG
    TGTACTTCTTTCAGCAATTAGCCTGTATTCATAGCCATACATATTCAATT
    AAAATGAGATCATGATATCACACAATACATACCATACAGCCTATAGGGAT
    TTTTACAATCATCTTCCACATGACTACATAAAAACCTACCTAAAAAAAAA
    AAAAACCCTACTTCATCCTCCTATTGGCTGCTTTGTGCACCATTAAAAAG
    CTCTATCATAATTAGGTTATGATGAGGATTTCCATTTTCTACCTTTCAAG
    CAACATTTCAATGCACAGTCTTATATACACATTTGAGCCTACTTTTCTTT
    TTCTTTCTTTTTTTGGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGGTCTTTTTGTC
    TTTTCTAAGgctgcatatggaggttcccaggctagctgtctaatcagaac
    tatagctgctggcctacgccacatccacagcaatacaagatctgagccat
    gtctgcaacttacaccacagctcacagcaacggtggatccttaaaccact
    gagcaaggccagggatcaaacccatAACTTCATGGCTCCTAGTTGGATTT
    GTTAACCACTGAGCCATGATGGCAACTCCTGAGCCTACTTTTCTAATCAT
    TTCCAACCCTAGGACACTTTTTTAAGTTTCATTTTTCTCCCCCCACCCCC
    TGTTTTCTGAAGtGTGTTTGCTTCCACTGGGTGACTTCACtCCCAGGATC
    TCATCTGCAGGATACTGCAGCTAAGTGTATGAGCTCTGAATTTGAATCCC
    AACTCTGCCACTCAAAGGGATAGGAGTTTCCGATGTGGCCCAATGGGATC
    AGTGGCATCTCTGCAGTGCCAGGACGCaggttccatccctggcccagcac
    agtgggttaagaatctggCATTGCTGCAGCTGAGGCATAGATTTCAATTG
    TGCCTCAgATCTGATCCTTGGCCCAAGGACTGCATATGCCTCAGGGCAAC
    CAAAAAAGAGAAAAGGGGGGTGATAGCATTAGTTTCTAGATTTGGGGGAT
    AATTAAATAAAGTGATCCATGTACAATGTATGGCATTTTGTAAATGCTCA
    ACAAATTTCAACTATTATggagttcccatcatggctcagtggaagggaat
    ctgattagcatccatgaggacacaggtCCAACCCCGACCTTGCTCAGTGG
    GCATTGCTGTGAGCTGTGGCATGGGTTACAGACGAAGCTCGGATCTGGCA
    TTGCTGTGGCTGTGGTGTAAGCCAgCAActacagctctcattcagcccct
    agcctgggaacctccatatgccTAAAAGACAAAAAATAAAATTTAAATTA
    AAAATAAAGAAATGTTAACTATTATGATTGgTACTGCTTGCATTACTGCA
    AAGAAAGTCACTTTCTATACTCTTTAATATCTTAGTTGACTGTGTGCTCA
    GTGAACTATTTTGGACACTTAATTTCCACTCTCTTCTATCTCCAACTTGA
    CAACTCTCTTTCCTCTCTTCTGGTGAGATCCACTGCTGACTTTGCTCTTT
    AAGGCAACTAGAAAAGTGCTCAGTGACAAAATCAAAGAAAGTTACCTTAA
    TCTTCAGAATTACAATCTTAAGTTCTCTTGTAAAGCTTACTATTTCAGTG
    GTTAGTATTATTCCTTGGTCCCTTACAACTTATCAGCTCTGATCTATTGC
    TGATTTTCAACTATTTATTGTTGGAGTTTTTTCCTTTTTTCCCTGTTCAT
    TCTGCAAATGTTTGCTGAGCATTTGTCAAGTGAAGATACTGGACTGGGCC
    TTCCAAATATAAGACAATGAAACATCGGGAGTTCTCATTATGGTGCAGCA
    GAaacgaatccaactaggaaatgtgaggttgcaggttcgatccctgccct
    tgctcagtgggttaaggatccagcattaccgtgagctgtggtgtaggttg
    cagacgtggctcagatcctgcgttgctgtggctgtggcataggctggcag
    ctctagctctgattcgaccgctagcctgggaacctccatGCGCCCCGAGT
    GCAGCCCTTAAAAAGCAAAAAAAAAAGAAAGAAAGAAAAAGACAATGAAA
    CATCAAACAGCTAACAATCCAGTAGGGTAGAAAGAATCTGGGAACAGATA
    AGAGCGATTAAATGTTCTAGGTCCAGTGACCTTGCCTCTGTGCTCTACAC
    AGTCGTGCCACTTGCTGAGGGAGAAGGTCTCTCTTGAGTTGAGTCCTGAA
    AGACATTAGTTGTTCACAAACTAATGCCAGTGAGTGAAGGTGTTTCCAAG
    CAGAGGGAGAGTTTGGTAAAAAGCTGGAAGTCACAGAAAGACTCTAAAGA
    GTTTAGGATGGTGGGAGCAACATACGCTGAGATGGGGCTGGAAGGTTAAG
    AGGGAAACAACTATAGTAAGTGAAGCTGGACTCACAGCAAAGTGAGGACC
    TCAGCATCCTTGATGGGGTTACCATGGAAACACCAAGGCACACCTTGATT
    TCCAAAACAGCAGGCACCTGATTCAGCCCAATGTGACATGGTGGGTACCC
    CTCTAGCTCTACCTGTTCTGTGACAACTGACAACCAACGAAGTTAAGTCT
    GGATTTTCTACTCTGCTGATCCTTGTTTTTGTTTCACACGTCATCTATAG
    CTTCATGCCAAAATAGAGTTCAAGGTAAGACGCGGGCCTTGGTTTGATAT
    ACATGTAGTCTATCTTGTTTGAGACAATATGGTGGCAAGGAAGAGGTTCA
    AACAGGAAAATACTCTCTAATTATGATTAAGTGAGAAAAGCTAAAGAGTC
    CCATAATGACACTGAATGAAGTTCATCATTTGCAAAAGCCTTCCCCCCCC
    CCCAGGAGACTATAAAAAAGTGCAATTTTTTAAATGAACTTATTTACAAA
    ACAGAAATAGAGTCACAGACATAGGAAACGAACAGATGGTTACCAAGGGT
    GAAAGGGAGTAGGAGGGATAAATAAGGAGTCTGGGGTTAGCAGATACACC
    CCAGTGTACACAAAATAAACAACAGGGACCTACTATATAGCACAGGGAAC
    TATATGCAGTAGCTTACAATAACCTATAATGGAAAAGAATGTGAAAAAGA
    ATATATGTATGCGTGTGTGTGTAACTGAATCACTTTGCTGTAACCTGAAT
    CTAACATAACATTGTAAATCAACTACAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAAGTGCAG
    GGTTTTGGTGTTTTTTTTTTTTCATTTTTGTTTTTGTTTTTGTTTTTTGC
    TTTTTAGGGCCACACCCAGACATATGGGGGTTCCCAGGctAGGGGTcTAa
    TTAGAGcTACAGtTGCCGGCTTGCAccacagccacagcaacatcagatcc
    gagccgcacttgcgacttacaccacagctcatggcaataccagatcctta
    acccactgagcaaggcccagggatcgtacccgcaacctcatggttcctag
    tcagattcattTCTGCTGCGCTACAATGGGAACTCCAAGTGCAGTTTTTT
    GTAATGTGCTtGTCTTTCTTTGTAATTCATATTCATCCTACTTCCCAATA
    AATAAATAAATACATAAATAATAAACATACCATTGTAAATCAACTACAAT
    TTTTTTTAAATGCAGGGTTTTTGTTTTTTGTTTTTTGTTTTGTCTTTTTG
    CCTTTTGTAgggccgctcccatggcatatggaggttcccaggctaggggt
    cgaatcggagctgtagccaccggcctacgccagagccacagcaacgcggg
    atccgagccgcgtctgcaacctacaccacagctcacggcaacgccggatc
    gttaacccactgagcaagggcagggatcgaacctgcaacctcatggttcc
    tagtcagattcgttaactactgagccacaacggaaacTCCTAAAGTGCAG
    TTTTTAAATGTGCTTGTCTTTCTTTGTAATTTACACTCAACCTACTTCCC
    AATAAATAAATAAATAAACAAATAAATCATAGACATGGTTGAATTCTAAA
    GGAAGGGACCATCAGGCCTTAGACAGAAATACGTCATCTTCTAGTATTTT
    AAAACACACTAAAGAAGACAAACATGCTCTGCCAGAGAAGCCCAGGGCCT
    CCACAGCTGCTTGCAAAGGGAGTTAGGCTTCAGTAGCTGACCCAAGGCTC
    TGTTCCTCTTCAGGGAAAAGGGTTTTTGTTCAGTGAGACAGCAGACAGCT
    GTCACTGTGgtggacgttcggccaaggaaccaagctggaactcaaacGTA
    AGTCAATCCAAACGTTCCTTCCTTGGCTGTCTGTGTCTTACGGTCTCTGT
    GGCTCTGAAATGATTCATGTGCTGACTCTCTGAAACCAGACTGACATTCT
    CCAGGGCAAAACTAAAGCCTGTCATGAAACcGGAAAACTGAGGGCACATT
    TTCTGGGCAGAACTAAGAGTCAGGCACTGGGTGAGGAAAAACTTGTTAGA
    ATGATAGTTTCAGAAACTTACTGGGAAGCAAAGCCCATGTTCTGAACAGA
    GCTCTGCTCAAGGGTCAGGAGGGGAACCAGTTTTTGTACAGGAGGGAAGT
    TGAGACGAACCCCTGTGTAtatggtttcggcgcggggaccaagctggagc
    tcaaacGTAAGTGGCTTTTTCCGACTGATTCTTTGCTGTTTCTAATTGTT
    GGTTGGCTTTTTGTCCATTTTTCAGTGTTTTCATCGAATTAGTTGTCAGG
    GACCAAACAAATTGCCTTCCCAGATTAGGTACCAGGGAGGGGACATTGCT
    GCATGGGAGACCAGAGGGTGGCTAATTTTTAACGTTTCCAAGCCAAAATA
    ACTGGGGAAGGGGGCTTGCTGTCCTGTGAGGGTAGGTTTTTATAGAAGTG
    GAAGTTAAGGGGAAATCGCTATGGTtcacttttggctcggggaccaaagt
    ggagcccaaaattgaGTACATTTTCCATCAATTATTTGTGAGATTTTTGT
    CCTGTTGTGTCATTTGTGCAAGTTTTTGACATTTTGGTTGAATGAGCCAT
    TCCCAGGGACCCAAAAGGATGAGACCGAAAAGTAGAAAAGAGCCAACTTT
    TAAGCTGAGCAGACAGACCGAATTGTTGAGTTTGTGAGGAGAGTAGGGTT
    TGTAGGGAGAAAGGGGAACAGATCGCTGGCTTTTTCTCTGAATTAGCCTT
    TCTCATGGGACTGGCTTCAGAGGGGGTTTTTGATGAGGGAAGTGTTCTAG
    AGCCTTAACTGTGGgttgtgttcggtagcgggaccaagctggaaatcaaa
    CGTAAGTGCACTTTTCTACTCC

    Porcine Lambda Light Chain
  • In another embodiment, novel genomic sequences encoding the lambda light chain locus of ungulate immunoglobulin are provided. The present invention provides the first reported genomic sequence of ungulate lambda light chain regions. In one embodiment, the porcine lambda light chain nucleotides include a concatamer of J to C units. In a specific embodiment, an isolated porcine lambda nucleotide sequence is provided, such as that depicted in Seq ID No. 28. See FIG. 3 for a diagram of the organization of the porcine lamba immunoglobulin locus.
  • In one embodiment, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first lambda J/C region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, as represented by Seq ID No 32.
  • Still further, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C, such as that represented by Seq ID No 33. Alternatively, nucleotide sequence is provided that includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, approximately 11.8 kb downstream of the J/C cluster, near the enhancer (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 34), approximately 12 Kb downstream of lambda, including the enhancer region (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 35), approximately 17.6 Kb downstream of lambda (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 36, approximately 19.1 Kb downstream of lambda (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 37), approximately 21.3 Kb downstream of lambda (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 38), and/or approximately 27 Kb downstream of lambda (such as that represented by Seq ID No. 39).
  • In still further embodiments, isolated nucleotide sequences as depicted in Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided. Nucleic acid sequences at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99% homologous to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are also provided. In addition, nucleotide sequences that contain at least 10, 15, 17, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500 or 1,000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39 are provided. Further provided are nucleotide sequences that hybridizes, optionally under stringent conditions, to Seq ID Nos 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39, as well as, nucleotides homologous thereto.
    Seq ID No. 28
    CCTTCCTCCTGCACCTGTCAACTCCCAATAAACCGTCCTCCTTGTCATTC
    AGAAATCATGCTCTCCGCTCACTTGTGTCTACCCATTTTCGGGCTTGCAT
    GGGGTCATCCTCGAAGGTGGAGAGAGTCCCCCTTGGCCTTGGGGAAGTCG
    AGGGGGGCGGGGGGAGGCCTGAGGCATGTGCCAGCGAGGGGGGTCACCTC
    CACGCCCCTGAGGACCTTCTAGAACCAGGGGCGTGGGGCCACCGCCTGAG
    TGGAAGGCTGTCCACTTTTCCCCCGGGCCCCCAGGCTCCCTCCTCCGTGT
    GGACCTTGTCCACCTCTGACTGGCCCAGCCACTCATGCATTGTTTCCCCG
    AAACCCCAGGACGATAGCTCAGCACGCGACAGTGTCCCCCTCTGAGGGCC
    TCTGTCCATTTCAGGACGACCCGCATGTACAGCGTGACCACTCTGCTCAC
    GCCCACTCACCACGTCCTAGAGCCCCACCCCCAGCCCCATCCTTAGGGGC
    ACAGCCAGcTCCGACCGCCCCGGGGACACCACCCTCTGCCCCTTcCCCAG
    GCCCTCCCTGTCACACGCACCACAGGGCCCTCCGTCCCGAGACCCTGCTC
    CCTCATCCCTCGGTCCCCTCAGGTAGCCTTCCACCCGCGTGTGTCCCGAG
    GTCCCAGATGCAGCAAGGCCCCTGGGACAACGCCAGATCTCTGCTCTcCC
    CGACCCCTCAGAAGCCAGCCCACGCCTGGCCCCACCACCACTGCCTAACg
    TCCAAGTGTCCATAGGCCTCGGGACCTCCAAGTCCAGGTTCTGCCTCTGG
    GATTCCGCCATGGGTCTGCCTGGGAAATGATGCACTTGGAGGAGCTCAGC
    ATGGGATGCGGGACCTTGTCTCTAGGCGCTcCCTCAGGATCCCACAGCTG
    CCCTGTGAGACACACACACACACACACACACACACACACACACACACACA
    CACACAAACACGCATGCACGCACGCCGGCACACACGCTATTGCAGAGATG
    GCCACGGTAGCTGTGCCTCGAGGCCGAGTGGAGTGTCTAGAACTCTCGGG
    GGTCCCCTCTGCAGACGACACTGCTCCATCCCCCCCGTGCCCTGAAGGGC
    TCCTCACTCTCCCATCAGGATCTCTCCAAGCTGCTGACCTGGAGAGGAAG
    GGGCCTGGGACAGGCGGGGACACTCAGACCTCCCTGCTGCCCCTCCTCTG
    CCTGGGCTTGGACGGCTCCCCCCTTCCCACGGGTGAAGGTGCAGGTGGGG
    AGAGGGCACCCCCCTCAGCCTCCCAGACCCAGACCAGCCCCCGTGGCAGG
    GGCAGCCTGTGAGCCTCCAGCCAGATGCAGGTGGCCTGGGGTGGGGGGTG
    GAGGGGGCGGGAGGTTTATGTTTGAGGCTGTATCACTGTGTAATATTTTC
    GGCGGTGGGACCCATCTGACCGTCCTCGGTGAGTCTCCCCTTTTCTCTCC
    TCCTTGGGGATCCGAGTGAAATCTGGGTCGATCTTCTCTCCGTTCTCCTC
    CGACTGGGGCTGAGGTCTGAACCTCGGTGGGGTCCGAAGAGGAGGCCCCT
    AGGCCAGGCTCCTCAGCCCCTCCAGCCCGACcgGCCCTCTTGACACAGGG
    TCCAGCTAAGGGCAGACATGGAGGCTGCTAGTCCAGGGCCAGGCTCTGAG
    ACCCAAGGGCGCTGCCCAAGGAACCCTTGCCCCAGGGACCCTGGGAGCAA
    AGCTCCTCACTCAGAGCCTGCAGCCCTGGGGTCTGAGGACAAGGAGGGAC
    TGAGGACTGGGCGTGGGGAGTTCAGGCGGGGACACCAGGTCCAGGGAGGT
    GACAAAGGCGCTGGGAGGGGGCGGACGGTGCCGGGGACTCCTCCTGGGCC
    CTGTGGGCTCGGGGTCCTTGTGAGGACCCTGAGGGACTGAGGGGCCCCTG
    GGCCTAGGGACTTGCAgTgAGGGAGGCAGGGAGTGTCCCTTGAGAACGTG
    GCCTCCGCGGGCTGGGTCCCCCTGCTGCTCCCAGCC*GGGAGGACACCCC
    AGAGCAAGCGCCCCAGGTGGGCGGGGAGGGTCTCCTCACAGGGGCAGCTG
    ACAGATAGAGGCCCCCGCCAGGCAGATGCTTGATCCTGGCAgTTATACTG
    GGTTC**GCACAACTTTCCCTGAACAAGGGGCCCTCCGAACAGACACAGA
    CGCAACCCAGTCGACCcaggCTCAGCACAgAAAATGCACTGACACCCAAA
    ACCCTCATCTggggGCCTGGCCGGcAtCCCGCCCCAGGACCCAAGGCCCC
    TGCCCCCTGGCAGCCCTGGACACGGTCCTCTGTGGGCGGTGGGGTCgGGG
    CTGTGGTGACGGTGGCATCGGGGAGCCTGTGCCCCCTCCCTGAAAGGGCG
    GAGAGGCTCAAGAGGGGAGAGAAATGTCCTCCCCTAGGAAGACGTCGGAC
    GGGGGCGGGGGGGTGGTCTCCGACAGACAGATGCCCGGGACCGACAGACC
    TGCCGAGGGAAGAGGGCACCTCGGTCGGGTTAGGCTCCAGGCAGCACGAG
    GGAGCGAGGCTGGGAGGGTGAGGACATGGGAGCCTGAGGAGGAGCTGGAG
    ACTTCAGCAGGCCCCCAGCTCCGGGCTTCGGGCTCTGAGATGCTCGGACG
    CAAGGTGAGTGACCCCACCTGTGGCTGACCTGACCTCAgGGgGACAAGGC
    TCAGCCTGGGAGTCTGTGTCCCCATCGCCTGcACAGGGGATTCCCCTGAT
    GGACACTGAGCCAACGACCTCCCGTCTGTCCCCGACCCCCAGGTCAGCCC
    AAgGCCaCTCCCACGGTCAACCTCTTCCCGCCCTCCTCTGAGGAGCTCGG
    CACCAACAAGGCCACCCTGGTGTGTCTAATAAGTGACTTCTACCCGGGCG
    CCGTGACGGTGACCTGGAAGGCAGGCGGCACCACCGTCACCCAGGGCGTG
    GAGACCACCAAGCCCTCGAAACAGAGCAACAACAAGTACGCGGCCAGCAG
    CTACCTGGCCCTGTCCGCCAGTGACTGGAAATCTTCCAGCGGCTTCACCT
    GCCAGGTCACCCACGAGGGGACCATTGTGGAGAAGACAGTGACGCCCTCC
    GAGTGCGCCTAGGTCCCTGGGCCCCCACCCTCAGGGGCCTGGAGCCACAG
    GACCCCCGCGAGGGTCTCCCCGCGACCCTGGTCCAGCCCAGCCCTTCCTC
    CTGCACCTGTCAACTCCCAATAAACCGTCCTCCTTGTCATTCAGAAATCA
    TGCTCTCCGCTCACTTGTGTCTACCCATTTTCGGGCTTGCATGGGGTCAT
    CCTCGAAGGTGGAGAGAGTCCCCCTTGGCCTTGGGgAAATCGAGGGGGGC
    GGGGGGAGGCCTGAGGCATGTGCCAGCGAGGGGGGTCACCTCCACGCCCC
    TGAGGACCTTCTAGAACCAGGGGCGTGGGGCCACCGCCAGAGTGGAAGGC
    TGTCCACTTTTCCCCCGGGCCCCCAGGCTCCCTCCTCCGTGTGGACCTTG
    TCCACCTCTGACTGGCCCAGCCACTCATGCATTGTTTCCCCGAAACCCCA
    GGACGATAGCTCAGCACGCGACAGTGTCCCCCTCTGAGGGCCTCTGTCCA
    TTTCAGGACGACCCGCATGTACAGCGTGACCACTCTGCTCACGCCCACTC
    ACCACGTCCTAGAGCCCCACCCCCAGCCCCATCCTTAGGGGCACAGCCAG
    CTCCGACCGCCCCGGGGACACCACCCTCTGCCCCTTCCCCAGGCCCTCCC
    TGTCACACGCACCACAGGGCCCTCCGTCCCGAGACCCTGCTCCCTCATCC
    CTCGGTCCCCTCAGGTAGCCTTCCACCCGCGTGTGTCCCGAGGTCCCAGA
    TGCAGCAAGGCCCCTGGGACAACGCCAGATCTCTGCTCTCCCCGACCCTC
    AGAAGCCAGCCCACGCCTGGCCCACCACCACTGCCTAACGTCCAAGTGTC
    CATAGGCTCGGGAcCTCcAaGTCCAGGTTCTGCCTCTGGGATTCCGCCAT
    GGGTCTGCCTGGAATGATGCACTTGGAGgAgCTCAGcATGGGATGcGGAA
    CTTGTCTAGcGCTCCTCAGATCCAcAGcTGCCTGtGAgAcacacacacac
    acacacacacaccAAAcaCGcATGCACGCACGCCGGCACACACGCTATTA
    CAGAGATGGCCACGGTAGCTGTGCCTCGAGGCCGAGTGGAGTGTCTAGAA
    CTCTCGGGGGTCCCCTCTGCAGACGACACTGCTCCATCCCCCCCGTGCCC
    TGAAGGGCTCCTCACTCTCCCATCAGGATCTCTCCAAGCTGCTGACCTGG
    AGAGGAAGGGGCCTGGGACAGGCGGGGACACTCAGACCTCCCTGCTGCCC
    CTGCTCTGCCTGGGCTTGGACGGCTCCCCCCTTCCCACGGGTGAAGGTGC
    AGGTGGGGAGAGGGCACCCCCCTCACCCTCCCAGACCCAGACCAGCCCCC
    GTGGCAGGGGCAGCCTGTGAGCCTCCAGCCAGATGCAGGTGGCCTGGGGT
    GGGGGGTGGAGGGGGCGGGAGGTTTATGTTTGAGGCTGTATTCATCTGTG
    TAATATttTCGGCGGTGGGACCCATCTGACCGTCCTCGGTGAGTCTCCCC
    TtttctttcctccttggggatccgagtgaaATcTGGGTCGATCTTCTCTC
    CGTTCTCCTCCGACTGGGGCTGAGGTCTGAACCTCGGTgGGGTCCGAAGA
    GGAGGCCCCTAGGCC*GGCTCcTCAGCCCCTCCAGGCCGACCCGCCCTCT
    TGACACAGGGTCCAGCTAAGGGCAGACAT***GGCTGCTAGTCCAGGGCC
    AGGCTcTGAGACCCAAGGGCGCTGCCCAAGGAACCCTTGCCCCAGGGACC
    CTGGGAGCAAAGCTCCTCACTCAGAGCCTGCAGCCCTGGgGTCTGAGGAC
    AAGGAGGGACTGAGGACTGGGCGTGGGGAGTTCAGGCgGGGACACCGGGT
    CCAGGGAGGTGACAAAGGCGCTGGGAGGGGGCGGACGGTGCCGGAGACTC
    CTCCTGGGCCCTGTGGGCTCGTGGTCCTTGTGAGGACCCTGAGGG*CTGA
    GGGGCCCCTGGGCCTAGGGACTTGCAGTGAGGGAGGCAGGGAGTGTCCCT
    TGAGAACGTGGCCTCCGCGGGCTGGGTCCCCCTCGTGCTCCCAGCAGGGA
    GGACACCCCAGAGCAAGCGCCCCAGGTGGGCGGGGAGGGTCTCCTCACAG
    GGGCAGCTGACAGATAGAC*GgccCCCGCCAGACAGATGCTTGATCCTGG
    TCag***TACTGGGTTCGCcACTTCCCTGAACAGGGGCCCTCCGAACAGA
    CACAGACGCAGACCaggCTCAGCACAgAAAATGCACTGACACCCAAAACC
    CTCATCTGggGGCCTGGCCGGCATCCCGCCCCAGGACCCAAGGCCCCTGC
    CCCCTGGCAGCCCTGGACACGGTCCTCTGTGGGCGGTGGGGTCgGGGCTG
    TGGTGACGGTGGCATCGGGGAGCCTGTGCCCCCTCCCTGAAAGGGCGGAG
    AGGCTCAAGAGGGGACAGAAATGTCCTCCCCTAGGAAGACCTCGGACGGG
    GGCGGGGGGGTGGTCTCCGACAGACAGATGCCCGGGACCGACAGACCTGC
    CGAGGGAAGAGGGCACCTCGGTCGGGTTAGGCTCCAGGCAGCACGAGGGA
    GCGAGGCTGGGAGGGTGAGGACATGGGAGCCTGAGGAGGAGCTGGAGACT
    TCAGCAGGCCCCCAGCTCCGGGCTTCGGGCTCTGAGATGCTCGGACGCAA
    GGTGAGTGACCCCACCTGTGGCTGACCTGACCTGACCtCAGGGGGACAAG
    GCTGAGCCTGGGACTCTgTGTCCCCATCGCCTGCACAGGGGATTCCCCTG
    ATGGACACTGAGCCAACGACCTCCCGTCTCTCCCCGACCCCCAGGTCAGC
    CCAAGGCCACTCCCACGGTCAACCTGTTCCCGCCCTCCTCTGAGGAGCTC
    GGCACCAACAAGGCCACCCTGGTGTGTCTA
    Seq ID No. 32
    GCCACGCCCACTCCATCATGCGGGGAGGGGATGGGCAGACCCTCCAGAAA
    GAAGCTCCCTGGGGTGCAGGTTAACAGCTTTCCCAGACACAGCCAGTACT
    AGAGTGAGGTGAATAAGACATCCTCCTTGCTTGTGAAATTTAGGAAGTGC
    CCCCAAACATCAGTCATTAAGATAAATAATATTGAATGCACTTTTTTTTT
    TTTATTTTTTTTTTTTGCTTTTTAGGGCCTAATCTGCAGCatatggaagt
    tcccaggctacaagtcgaaccagagctgcagctgccagcctacatcacag
    ccacagcaacaccagatccgagccacatctgtgactaacactgcagttca
    cagcaacgccagatccttaacccattgagtgaggccagggatcaaaccca
    catcctcatggatactagtctggttcgtaaaccactgagccaCAAGGGGA
    ACTCCTGAATGCAATATTTTTGAAAATTGAAATTAAATCTGTCACTCTTT
    CACTTAAGAGTCCCCTTAGATTGGGGAAAATTTAAATATCTGTCATCTTA
    GTGCATCTTTGCTCATATGATGTGAATAAAATCCCAAAATCCATATGAAT
    GAAGCATCAAAATGTACATGAAGTCAGCCTGACCCTGCACTGCCCTCACT
    TGCCTCATGTACCCCCCACCTCAAAGGAAGATGCAGAAAGGAGTCCAGCC
    CCTACACCGCCACCTGCCCCCACCACTGGAGCCCCTCAGGTCTCCCACCT
    CCTTTTCTGAGCTTCAGTCTTCCTGTGGCATTGCCTACCTCTACAGCTGC
    CCCCTACTAGGCCCTCCCCCTGGGGCTGAGCTCCAGGCACTGGACTGGGA
    AAGTTAGAGGTTAAAGCATGGAAAATTCCCAAAGCCACCAGTTCCAGGCT
    GCCCCCCACCCCACCGCCACGTCCAAAAAGGGGCATCTTCCCAGATCTCT
    GGCTGGTATTGGTAGGACCCAGGACATAGTCTTTATACCAATTCTGCTGT
    GTGTCTTAGGAAAGAaactctccctctctgtgcttcagtttcctcatcaa
    taaaAGGAGCAGGCCAGGTTGGAGGGTCTGTGACGTCTGCTGAAGCAGCA
    GGATTCTCTCTCCTTTTGCTGGAGGAGAACTGATCCTTCACCCCCAGGAT
    CAACAGAGAAGCCAAGGTCTTCAGCCTTCCTGGGGACCCCTCAGAGGGAA
    CTCAGGGCCACAGAGCCAGACCCTGATGCCAGAACCTTTGTCATATGCCC
    AGACGGAGACTTCATCCCCCTCCTCCTCAGACCCTCCAGGCCCCAACAGT
    GAGATGCTGAAGATATTAAGAGAAGGGCAAGTCAGcTTAAGTTTGGGGGT
    AGAGGGGAACAGGGAGTGAGGAGATCTGGCCTGAGAGATAGGAGCCCTGG
    TGGCCACAGGAGGACTCTTTGGGTCCTGTCGGATGGACACAGGGCGGCCC
    GGGGGCATGTTGGAGCCCGGCTGGTTCTTACCAGAGGCAGGGGGCACCCT
    CTGACACGGGAGCAGGGCATGTTCCATACATGACACACCCCTCTGCTCCA
    GGGCAGGTGGGTGGCGGCACAGAGGAGCCAGGGACTCTGAGCAAGGGGTC
    CACCAGTGGGGCAGTTGGATCCAGACTTCTCTGGGCCAGCGAGAGTCTAG
    CCCTCAGCCGTTCTCTGTCCAGGAGGGGGGTGGGGCAGGCCTGGGCGGCC
    AGAGCTCATCCCTCAAGGGTTCCCAGGGTCCTGCCAGACCCAGATTTCCG
    ACCGCAGCCACCACAAGAGGATGTGGTCTGCTGTGGCAGCTGCCAAGACC
    TTGCAGCAGGTGCAGGGTGGGGGGGTGGGGGCACCTGGGGGCAGCTGGGG
    TCACTGAGTTCAGGGAAAACCCCTTTTTTCCCCTAAACCTGGGGCCATCC
    CTAGGGGAAACCACAACTTCTGAGCCCTGGGCAGTGGCTGCTGGGAGGGA
    AGAGCTTCATCCTGGACCCTGGGGGGGAACCCAGCTCCAAAGGTGCAAGG
    GGCCCAGGTCCAAGGCTAGAGTGGGCCAAGCACCGCAATGGCCAGGGAGT
    GGGGGAGGTGGAGCTGGACTGGATCAGGGCCTCCTTGGGACTCCCTACAC
    CCTGTGTGACATGTTAGGGTACCCACACCCCATCACCAGTCAGGGCCTGG
    CCCATCTCCAGGGCCAGGGATGTGCATGTAAGTGTGTGTGAGTGTGTGTG
    TGTGGTGTAGTACACCCCTTGGCATCCGGTTCCGAGGCCTTGGGTTCCTC
    CAAAGTTGCTCTCTGAATTAGGTCAAACTGTGAGGTCCTGATCGCCATCA
    TCAACTTCGTTCTCCCCACCTCCCATCATTATCAAGAGCTGGGGAGGGTC
    TGGGATTTCTTCCCACCCACAAGCCAAAAGATAAGCCTGCTGGTGATGGC
    AGAAGACACAGGATCCTGGGTCAGAGACAAAGGCCAGTGTGTCACAGCGA
    GAGAGGCAGCCGGACTATCAGCTGTCACAGAGAGGCCTTAGTCCGCTGAA
    CTCAGGCCCCAGTGACTCCTGTTCCACTGGGCACTGGCCCCCCTCCACAG
    CGCCCCCAGGCCCCAGGGAGAGGCGTCACAGCTTAGAGATGGCCCTGCTG
    AACAGGGAACAAGAACAGGTGTGCCCCATCCAGCGCCCCAGGGGTGGGAC
    AGGTGGGCTGGATTTGGTGTGAAGCCCTTGAGCCCTGgAACCCAAcCACA
    GCAgGGCAGTTGGTAGATGCCATTTGGGGAGAGGCCCCAGGAGTAAGGGC
    CATGGGCCCTTGAGGGGGCCAGGAGCTGAGGACAGGGACAGAGACGGCCC
    AGGCAGAGGACAGGGCCATGAGGGGTGCACTGAGATGGCCACTGCCAGCA
    GGGGCAGCTGCCAACCCGTCCAGGGAACTTATTCAGCAGTCAGCTGGAGG
    TGCCATTGACGCTGAGGGCAGATGAAGCCCAGGCCAGGCTAGGTGGGCTG
    TGAAGACCCCAGGGGACAGAGCTCTGTCCCTGGGCAGCACTGGCCTCTCA
    TTCTGCAGGGCTTGACGGGATCCCAAGGCCTGCTGCCCCTGATGGTAGTG
    GCAGTACCGCCCAGAGCAGGACCCCAGCATGGAAACCCCAACGGGACGCA
    GCCTGCGGAGCCCACAAAACCAGTAAGGAGCCGAAGCAGTCATGGCACGG
    GGAGTGTGGACTTCCCTTTGATGGGGCCCAGGCATGAAGGACAGAATGGG
    ACAGCGGCCATGAGCAGAAAATCAGCCGGAGGGGATGGGCCTAGGCAGAC
    GCTGGCTTTATTTGAAGTGTTGGCATTTTGTCTGGTGTGTATTGTTGGTA
    TTGATTTTATTTTAGTATGTCAGTGACATACTGACATATTATGTAACGAC
    ATATTATTATGTGTTTTAAGAAGCACTCCAAGGGAACAGGCTGTCTGTAA
    TGTGTCCAGAGAAGAGAGCAAGAGCTTGGCTCAGTCTCCCCCAAGGAGGT
    CAGTTCCTCAACAGGGGTCCTAAATGTTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCCTGAATCA
    AGGGGgTCATATCTACACGTGGGGCAGACCCATGGACCATTTTCGGAGCA
    ATAAGATGGCAGGGAGGATACCAAGCTGGTCTTACAGATCCAGGGCTTTG
    ACCTGTGACGCGGGCGCTCCTCCAGGCAAAGGGAGAAGCCAGCAGGAAGC
    TTTCAGAACTGGGGAGAACAGGGTGCAGACCTCCAGGGTCTTGTACAACG
    CACCCTTTATCCTGGGGTCCAGGAGGGGTCACTGAGGGATTTAAGTGGGG
    GACCATCAGAACCAGGTTTGTGTTTTGGAAAAATGGCTCCAAAGCAGAGA
    CCAGTGTGAGGCCAGATTAGATGATGAAGAAGAGGCAGTGGAAAGTCGAT
    GGGTGGCCAGGTAGCAAGAGGGCCTATGGAGTTGGCAAGTGAATTTAAAG
    TGGTGGCACCAGAGGGCAGATGGGGAGGAGCAGGCACTGTCATGGACTGT
    CTATAGAAATCTAAAATGTATACCCTTTTTAGCAATATGCAGTGAGTCAT
    AAAAGAACACATATATATTTAAATTGTGTAATTCCACTTCTAAGGATTCA
    TCCCAAGGGGGGAAAATAATCAAAGATGTAACCAAAGGTTTACAAACAAG
    AACTCATCATTAATCTTCCTTGTTGTTATTTCAACGATATTATTATTATT
    ACTATTATTATTATTATTATTttgtctttttgcattttctagggccactc
    ccacggcatagagaggttcccaggctaggggtcaaatcggagctacagct
    gccggcctacgccagagccacagcaacgcaggatctgagccacagcaatg
    caggatctacaccacagctcatggtaacgctggatccttaacccaatgag
    tgaggccagggatcgaacctgtaacttcatggttcctagtcggattcatt
    aaccactgagccacgacaggaactccAACATTATTAATGATGGGAGAAAA
    CTGGAAGTAACCTAAATATCCAGCAGAAAGGGTGTGGCCAAATACAGCAT
    GGAGTAGCCATCATAAGGAATCTTACACAAGCCTCCAAAATTGTGTTTCT
    GAAATTGGGTTTAAAGTACGTTTGCATTTTAAAAAGCCTGCCAGAAAATA
    CAGAAAAATGTCTGTGATATGTCTCTGGCTGATAGGATTTTGCTTAGTTT
    TAATTTTGGCTTTATAATTTTCTATAGTTATGAAAATGTTCACAAGAAGA
    TATATTTCATTTTAGCTTCTAAAATAATTATAACACAGAAGTAATTTGTG
    CTTTAAAAAAATATTCAACACAGAAGTATATAAAGTAAAAATTGaggagt
    tcccatcgtggctcagtgattaacaaacccaactagtatccatgaggata
    tggatttgatccctggccttgctcagtgggttgaggatccagtgttgctg
    tgagctgtggtgtaggttgcagacacagcactctggcgttgctgtgactc
    tggcgtaggccggcagctacagctccatttggacccttagcctgggaacc
    tccatatgcctgagatacggcccTAAAAAGTCAAAAGCCAAAAAAATAGT
    AAAAATTGAGTGTTTCTACTTACCACCCCTGCCCACATCTTATGCTAAAA
    CCCGTTCTCCAGAGACAAACATCGTCAGGTGGGTCTATATATTTCCAGCC
    CTCCTCCTGTGTGTGTATGTCCGTAAAACACACACACACACACACACACG
    CACACACACACACACGTATCTAATTAGCATTGGTATTAGTTTTTCAAAAG
    GGAGGTCATGCTCTACCTTTTAGGCGGCAAATAGATTATTTAAACAAATC
    TGTTGACATTTTCTATATCAACCCATAAGATCTCCCATGTTCTTGGAAAG
    GCTTTGTAAGACATCAACATCTGGGTAAACCAGCATGGTTTTTAGGGGGT
    TGTGTGGATTTTTTTCATATTTTTTAGGGCACACCTGCAgcatatggagg
    ttcccaggctaggggttgaatcagagctgtagctgccggcctacaccaca
    gccacagcaacgccagatccttaacccactgagaaaggccagggattgaa
    cctgcatcctcatggATGCTGGTCAGATTTATTTCTGCTGAGCCACAACA
    GGAACTCCCTGAACCAGAATGCTTTTAACCATTCCACTTTGCATGGACAT
    TTAGATTGTTTCCATTTAAAAATACAAATTACAaggagttcccgtcgtgg
    ctcagtggtaacgaattggactaggaaccatgaggtttcgggttcgatcc
    ctggccttgctcggtgggttaaggatccagcattgatgtgagatatggtg
    taggtcgcagacgtggctcggatcccacgttgctgtggctctggcgtagg
    ccggcaacaacagctccgattcgacccctagccTGggaacctccatgtgc
    cacaggagcagccctaGAAAAGGCAAAAAGACAAAAAAATAAAAAATTAA
    AATGAAAAAATAAAATAAAAATACAAATTACAAGAGACGGCTACAAGGAA
    ATCCCCAAGTGTGTGCAAATGCCATATATGTATAAAATGTACTAGTGTCT
    CCTCGCGGGAAAGTTGCCTAAAAGTGGGTTGGCTGGACAGAGAGGACAGG
    CTTTGACATTCTCATAGGTAGTAGCAATGGGCTTCTCAAAATGCTGTTCC
    AGTTTACACTCACCATAGCAAATGACAGTGCCTCTTCCTCTCCACCCTTG
    CCAATAATGTGACAGGTGGATCTTTTTCTATTTTGTGTATCTGACAAGCA
    AAAAATGAGAACAggagttcctgtcgtggtgcagtggagacaaatctgac
    taggaaccatgaaatttcgggttcaatccctggcctcactcagtaggtaa
    aggatccagggttgcagtgagctgtggggtaggtcgcagacacagtgcaa
    atttggccctgttgtggctgtggtgtaggccggcagctatagctccaatt
    ggacccctagcctgggaacctccttatgccgtgggtgaggccctAAAAAA
    AAGAGTGCAAAAAAAAAAAATAAGAACAAAAATGATCATCGTTTAATTCT
    TTATTTGATCATTGGTGAAACTTATTTTCCTTTTATATTTTTATTGACTG
    ATTTTATTTCTCCTATGAATTTACCGGTCATAGTTTTGCCTGGGTGTTTT
    TACTCCGGTTTTAGTTTTGGTTGGTTGTATTTTCTTAGAGAGCTATAGAA
    ACTCTTCATCTATTTGGAATAGTAATTCCTCATTAAGTATTTGTGCTGCA
    AAAAATTTTCCCTGATCTGTTTTATGCTTTTGTTTGTGGGGTCTTTCACG
    AGAAAGCCTTTTTAGTTTTTACACCTCAGCTTGGTTGTTTTTCTTGATTG
    TGTCTGTAATCTGCGGCCAACATAGGAAACACATTTTTACTTTAGTGTTT
    TTTTCCTATTTTCTTCAAGTACGTCCATTGTTTTGGTGTCTGATTTTACT
    TTGCCTGGGGTTTGTTTTTGTGTGGCAGGAATATAAACTTATGTATTTTC
    CAAATGGAGAGCCAATGGTTGTATATTTGTTGAATTCAAATGCAACTTTA
    TCAAACACCAAATCATCGATTTATCACAACTCTTCTCTGGTTTATTGATC
    TAATGATCAATTCCTGTTCCACGCTGTTTTAATTATTTTAGCTTTGTGGA
    TTTTGGTGCCTGGTAGAGAACAAAGCCTCCATTATTTTCATTCAAAATAG
    TCCCGTCTATTATCTGCCATTGTTGTAGTATTAGACTTTAAAATCAATTT
    ACTGATTTTCAAAAGTTATTCCTTTGGTGATGTGGAATACTTTATACTTC
    ATAAGGTACATGGATTCATTTGTGGGGAATTGATGTCTTTGCTATTGTGG
    CCATTTGTCAAGTTGTGTAATATTTTACCCATGCCAACTTTGCATATTGT
    ATGTGAGTTTATTCCCAGGGTTTTTAATAGGATGTTTATTGAAGTTGTCA
    GTGTTTCCACAATTTCATCGCCTCAGTGCTTACTGTTTGCATAAAAGGAA
    ACCTACTCACTTTTGCCTATTGCTCTTGTATTCAATCATTTTAGTTAACT
    CTTGTGTTAATTTTGAGAGTTTTTCAGCTGACTGTCTGGGGTTTTCTTTA
    ATAGACTAGCCCTTTGTCTGTAAAGAATAATTTTATCGAATTTTTCTTAA
    CACTCACACTCTCCCCACCCCCACCCCCGCTGATCTCCTTTCATTGGGTC
    AAATCTGTAGAATACAATAAAAGTAAGAGTGGGAACCTTAGCCTTTAAGT
    CGATTTTGCCTTTAAATGTGAATGTTGCTATGTTTCGGGACATTCTCTTT
    ATCAAGTTGCGGATGTTTCCTTAGATAATTAACTTAATAAAAGACTGGAT
    GTTTGCTTTCTTCAAATCAGAATTGTGTTGAATTTATATTGCTATTCTGT
    TTAATTTTGTTTCAAAAAATTTACATGCACACCTTAAAGATAACCATGAC
    CAAATAGTCCTCCTGCTGAGAGAAAATGTTGGCCCCAATGCCACAGGTTA
    CCTCCCGACTCAGATAAACTACAATGGGAGATAAAATCAGATTTGGCAAA
    GCCTGTGGATTCTTGCCATAACTCTCAGAGCATGACTTGGGTGTTTTTTC
    CTTTTCTAAGTATTTTAATGGTATTTTTGTGTTACAATAGGAAATCTAGG
    ACACAGAGAGTGATTCAATGAGGGGAACGCATTCTGGGATGACTCTAGGC
    CTCTGGTTTGGGGAGAGCTCTATTGAAGTAAAGACAATGAGAGGAAGCAA
    GTTTGCAGGGAACTGTGAGGAATTTAGATGGGGAATGTTGGGTTTGAGGT
    TTCTATAGGGCACGCAAGCAGAGATGCACTCAGGAGGAAGAAGGAGCATA
    AATCTAGAGGCAAAAAGAGAGGTCAGGACTGGAAATAGAGATGCGAGACA
    CCAGGGTGGCAGTCAGAGAGCACAGTGTGGGTCAGAAGACAGTGGAAGAA
    CACAAGGGACAGAGAGGGATCTCCAACTTCACTGGGATGAGGGCCTTGTT
    GGCCTTGACCTGAGAGATTTCCAGGAGTTGAGGGTGGGAAGGAGAGGGCT
    CCTGCACATGTCCTGACATGAAACGGTGCCCAGCATATGGGTGCTTGGAA
    GACATTGTTGGACAGATGGATGGATGATGGATGATGGATGAATGGATGGA
    TGGAAGATGATGGATAAATGGATGATGGATGGATGGACAGAAGGACAAAG
    AGATGGACAGAAAGACAGTGATCTGAGAGAGCAGAGAAGGCTTCATGAAA
    GGACAGGAACTGAACTGTCTCAGTGGGTGGAGACAATGGTGTAGGGGGTT
    TCCACATGGAGGCACCAGGGGTCAGGAATAATCTAGTGTCCACAGGCCCA
    GGAAGGAAGCTGTCTGCAGGAAATTGTGGGGAAGAACCTCAGAGTCCTTA
    AATGAGGTCAGGAGTGGTCAGGAGGGTCTGATCAGGTAAGGACTCATGTC
    CATCATCACATGGTCACCTAAGGGCATGTAGCTCTCAGCATCTCCATCAG
    GACAGTCTCAGAATGGGGGCGGGGTCACACACTGGGTGACTCAAGGCGTG
    GGTCATGCCTGCCTCGGACGTGGGCCTGGGCATGGGGACACCTCCAGACC
    ATGGGCCCGCCCAGGGCTGCACTGGcctctggtgggctagctacccgtcc
    aagcaacacaggacacagccctacctgctgcaaccctgtgcccgaaacgc
    ccatctggttcctgctccagcccggccccagggaacaggactcaggtgct
    agcccaatggggttttgttcgagcctcagtcagcgtggTATTTCTCCGGC
    AGCGAGACTCAGTTCACCGCCTTAGGttaagtggttctcatgaatttcct
    agcagtcctgcactctgctatgccgggaaagtcacttttgtcgctggggg
    ctgtttccccgtgcccttggagaatcaaggattgcccaactttctctgtg
    ggggaggtggctggtcttggggtgaccagcaggaagggccccaaaagcag
    gagcagctgcctccagAATACAACTGTCGGCTACAGCTCAAACAGGAGGC
    CTGGACTGGGGTTTAACCACCAGGGCGGCACGAAGGAGCGAGGCTGGGAG
    GGTGAGGACATGGGAGCCTGAGGAGGAGCTGGAGACTTCAGCAGGCCCCC
    AGCTCCGGGCTTCGGGCTCTGAGATGCTCGGACGCAAGGTGAGTGACCCC
    ACCTGTGGCTGACCTGACCTCAGGGGGACAAGGCTCAGCCTGAGACTCTG
    TGTCCCCATCGCCTGCACAGgggattcccctgatggacactgagccaacg
    acctcccgtctctccccgacccccaggtcagcccaaggccgcccccacgg
    tcaacctcttcccgccctcctctgaggagctcggcaccaacaaggccacc
    ctggtgtgtctaataagtgacttctacccgAAGGGCGAATTCCAGCACAC
    TGGCGGCCGTTACTAGTGGATCCGAGCTCGGTACCAAGCTTGATGCATAG
    CTTGAGTATCTA
    Seq ID No. 33
    agatctttaaaccaccgagcaaggccagggatcgaacccgcatcctcatg
    aatcctagttgggttcgttaaccgctgaaccacaatgggaactcctGTCT
    TTCACATTTAATTCACAACCTCTCCAGGATTCTGGGGGTGGGTGGGGAAT
    CCTAGGTACCCACTGGGAAAGTAATCCAAGGGGAGAGGCTCACGGACTcT
    AGGGATCGGCGGAGGAGGGAAGGTATCTCCCAGGAAACTGGCCAGGACAC
    ATTGGTCCTCCGCCCTCCCCTTCCTCCCACTCCTCCTCCAGACAGGACTG
    TGCCCACCCCCTGCCACCTTTCTGGCCAGAACTGTCCATGGCAGGTGACC
    TTCACATGAGCCCTTCCTCCCTGCCTGCCCTAGTGGGACCCTCCATACCT
    CCCCCTGGACCCCGTTGTCCTTTCTTTCCAGTGTGGCCCTGAGCATAACT
    GATGCCATCATGGGCTGCTGACCCACCCGGGACTGTGTTGTGCAGTGAGT
    CACTTCTCTGTCATCAGGGCTTTGTAATTGATAGATAGTGTTTCATCATC
    ATTAGGACCGGGTGGCCTCTATGCTCTGTTAGTCTCCAAACACTGATGAA
    AACCTTCGTTGGCATAGTCCCAGCTTCCTGTTGCCCATCCATAAATCTTG
    ACTTAGGGATGCACATCCTGTCTCCAAGCAACCACCCCTCCCCTAGGCTA
    ACTATAAAACTGTCCCAATGGCCCTTGTGTGGTGCAGAGTTCATGCTTCC
    AGATCATTTCTGTGCTAGATCCATATCTCACCTTGTAAGTCATCCTATAA
    TAAACTGATCCATTGATTATTTGCTTCTGTTTTTTCCATCTCAAAACAGC
    TTCTCAGTTCAGTTCGAATTTTTTATTCCCTCCATCCACCCATACTTTCC
    TCAGCCTGGGGAACCCTTGCCCCCAGTCCCATGCCCTTCCTCCCTCTCTG
    CCCAGCTCAGCACCTGCCCACCCTCACCCTTCCTGTGACTCCCTAGGACT
    GGACCATCCACTGGGGCCAGGACACTCCAGCAGCCTTGGCTTCATGGGCT
    CTGAAATCCATGGCCCATCTCTATTCCTCACTGGATGGCAGGTTCAGAGA
    TGTGAAAGGTCTAGGAGGAAGCCAGGAAGGAAACTGTTGCATGAAAGGCC
    GGCCTGATGGTTCAGTACTTAAATAATATGAGCTCTGAGCTCCCCAGGAA
    CCAAAGCATGGAGGGAGTATGTGCCTCAGAATCTCTCTGAGATTCAGCAA
    AGCCTTTGCTAGAGGGAAAATAGTGGCTCAACCTTGAGGGCCAGCATCTT
    GCACCACAGTTAAAAGTGGGTATTTGTTTTACCTGAGGCCTCAGCATTAT
    GGGAACCGGGCTCTGACACAAACACAGGTGCAGCCCGGCAGCCTCAGAAC
    ACAGCAACGACCACAAGCTGGGACAGCTGCCCCTGAACGGGGAGTCCACC
    ATGCTTCTGTCTCGGGTACCACCAGGTCACCATCCCTGGGGGAGGTAGTT
    CCATAGCAGTAGTCCCCTGATTTCGCCCCTCGGGCGTGTAGCCAGGCAAG
    CTCCTGCCTCTGGACCCAGGGTGGACCCTTGCTCCCCACTACCCTGCACA
    TGCCAGACAGTCAAGACCACTCCCACCTCTGTCTGAGGCCCCCTTGGGTG
    TCCCAGGGCCCCCGAGCTGTCCTCTACTCATGGTTCTTCCACCTGGGTAC
    AAAAGAGGCGAGGGACACTTTTCTCAGGTTTGCGGCTCAGAAAGGTACCT
    TCCTAGGGTTTGTCCACTGGGAGTCACCTCCCTTGCATCTCAATGTCAGT
    GGGGAAAACTGGGTCCCATGGGGGGATTAGTGCCACTGTGAGGCCCCTGA
    AGTCTGGGGCCTCTAGACACTATGATGATGAGGGATGTGGTGAAAAACCC
    CACCCCAGCCCTTCTTGCCGGGACCCTGGGCTGTGGCTCCCCCATTGCAC
    TTGGGGTCAGAGGGGTGGATGGTGGCTATGGTGAGGCATGTTTCCCATGA
    GCTGGGGGCACCCTGGGTGACTTTCTCCTGTGAATCCTGAATTAGCAGCT
    ATAACAAATTGCCCAAACTCTTAGGCTTAAAACAACACACATTTATTCCT
    CTGGGTCCCAGGGTCAGAAGTCCAAAATGAGTCCTATAGGCTAAATTTGA
    GGTGTCTCTGGGTTGAGCTCCTCCTGGAAGCCTTTTCCAGCCTCTAGAGT
    CCCAAGTCCTTGGCTCTGGGCCCCTCCCTCAAGCTTCAAAGCCACAGAAG
    CTTCTAATCTCTCTCCCTTCCCCTCTGACCTCTGCTCCCATCCTCATACC
    CTGTCCCCTCACTCTGACCCTCCTGCCTCCCTCTTTCCCTTATAAAGACC
    CTGCATGGGGCCACGGAGATAATCCAGGGTAATCGCCCCTCTTCCAGCCC
    TTAACTCCATCCCATCTGCAAAATCCCTGTCACCCCATAATGGACCTACT
    GATGGTCTGGGGGTTAGGACGTGGACAACTTGGGGCCTTATTCATCTGAT
    CACAACTCCAGTTCCCAGACCCCCAGACCCCCGGGCATTAGGGAAACTTC
    TCCCAGTTCCTCTCCCTCTGTGTCCTGCCCAGTCTCCAGGATGGGCCACT
    CCCGAGGGCCCTTCAGCTCAGGCTCCCCCTCCTTTCTCCCTGGCCTCTTG
    TGGCCCCATCTCCTCCTCCGCTCACAGGGAGAGAACTTTGATTTCAGCTT
    TGGCTCTGGGGCTTTGCTTCCTTCTGGCCATTGGCTGAAGGGCGGGTTTC
    TCCAGGTCTTACCTGTCAGTCATCAAACCGCCCTTGGAGGAAGACCCTAA
    TATGATCCTTACCCTACAGATGGAGACTCGAGGCCCAGAGATCCTGAGTG
    ACCTGCTCACATTCACAGCAGGGACTGAACCCCAGTCACCTACCCAACTC
    CAGGGCTCAGCGCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCTTTTTgccttttcgagggcc
    gctcccgcaacatatggagatttccaggctaggggtctaattggagcagt
    cgacactggcctaagccaaagccacagcaacaagggcaagccgcttctgc
    agcctataccacagctcacggcaatgccggatccttaacccactgagcaa
    agccagggattgaacctgcaacctcatgtttcctagtcaaatttgttaac
    cactgacccatgacgggaactcccAGGGCTCAGCTCTTGACTCCAGGTTC
    GCAGCTGCCCTGAAAGCAATGCAACCCTGGCTGGCCCCGCCTCATGCATC
    CGGCCTCCTGCCCAAAGAGCTCTGAGCCCACCTGGGCCTAGGTCCTCCTC
    CCTGGGACTCATGGCCTAAGGGTACAGAGTTACTGGGGCTGATGAAGGGA
    CCAATGGGGACAGGGGCCTCAAATCAAAGTGGCTGTCTCTCTCATGTCCC
    TTCCTCTCCTCAGGGTCCAAAATCAGGGTCAGGGCCCCAGGGCAGGGGCT
    GAGAGGGCCTCTTTCTGAAGGCCCTGTCTCAGTGCAGGTTATGGGGGTCT
    GGGGGAGGGTCAATGCAGGGCTCACCCTTCAGTGCCCCAAAGCCTAGAGA
    GTGAGTGCCTGCCAGTGGCTTCCCAGGCCCAATCCCTTGACTGCCTGGGA
    ATGCTCAAATGCAGGAACTGTCACAACACCTTCAGTCAGGGGCTGCTCTG
    GGAGGAAAAACACTCAGAATTGGGGGTTCAGGGAAGGCCCAGTGCCAAGC
    ATAGCAGGAGCTCAGGTGGCTGCAGATGGTGTGAACCCCAGGAGCAGGAT
    GGCCGGCACTCCCCCCAGACCCTCCAGAGCCCCAGGTTGGCTGCCCTCTT
    CACTGCCGACACCCCTGGGTCCACTTCTGCCCTTTCCCACCTAAAACCTT
    TAGGGCTCCCACTTTCTCCCAAATGTGAGACATCACCACGGCTCCCAGGG
    AGTGTCCAGAAGGGCATCTGGCTGAGAGGTCCTGACATCTGGGAGCCTCA
    GGCCCCACAATGGACAGACGCCCTGCCAGGATGCTGCTGCAGGGCTGTTA
    GCTAGGCGGGGTGGAGATGGGGTACTTTGCCTCTCAGAGGCCCCGGCCCC
    ACCATGAAACCTCAGTGACACCCCATTTCCCTGAGTTCACATACCTGTAT
    CCTACTCCAGTCACCTTCCCCACGAACCCCTGGGAGCCCAGGATGATGCT
    GGGGCTGGAGCCACGACCAGCCCACGAGTGATCCAGCTCTGCCAATCAGC
    AGTCATTTCCCAAGTGTTCCAGCCCTGCCAGGTCCCACTACAGCAGTAAT
    GGAGGCCCCAGACACCAGTCCAGCAGTTAGAGGGCTGGACTAGCACCAGC
    TTTCAAGCCTCAGCATCTCAAGGTGAATGGCCAGTGCCCCTCCCCGTGGC
    CATCACAGGATCGCAGATATGACCCTAGGGGAAGAAATATCCTGGGAGTA
    AGGAAGTGCCCATACTCAAGGATGGCCCCTCTGTGACCTAACCTGTCCCT
    GAGGATTGTACTTCCAGGCGTTAAAACAGTAGAACGCCTGCCTGTGAACC
    CCCGCCAAGGGACTGCTTGGGGAGGCCCCCTAAACCAGAACACAGGCACT
    CCAGCAGGACCTCTGAACTCTGACCACCCTCAGCAAGTGGCACCCCCCGC
    AGCTTCCAAGGCAC
    Seq ID No. 34
    AACAAGATGCTACCCCACCAACAAAATTCACCGGAGAAGACAAGGACAGG
    GGGTTCCTGGGGTCCTGACAGGGTCACCAAAGAGGGTTCTGGGGCAGCAG
    CAACTCCAGCCGCCTCAGAACAGAGCCTGGAAGCTGTACCCTCAGAGCAG
    AGGCGGAGAGAGAAAGGGCCTCTTGGTGGGTCAGCAGGAGCAGAGGCTCA
    GAGGTGGGGGTTGCAGCCCCCCCTTCAACAGGCCAACACAGTGAAGCAGC
    TGACCCCTCCACCTTGGAGACCCCAGACTCCTGTCTCCCACGCCACCTTG
    GTTTTTAAGGTAATTTTTATTTTATATCAGAGTATGGTTGACTTACAATG
    TTGTGTTGGTTTCAGGTGTACAGCAGAGTGATTCACTTCTACATAGACTC
    ATATCTATTCTTTCTCAGATTCTTTTCCCATATAGGTTATTACAGAATAT
    TGAGTAGATCCCTGCTGATTACCCATTTTTATAATTGTATATGTTAATCC
    CAAACTCCTAATTTATCCCTCCCCAGACTATGATTCTTTATATCTCTATC
    TGTTTCCTAATCTGTCTCCTCTAAGTCACCCTAGGAGAGCAGAGGGGTCA
    CGTCTGTCCTGTCCTGGCCCAGCCACCTCTCTCCACCCAGGAATCCCTTG
    CATTTGGTGCCAAGGGCCCGGCCCCGCCCTAAAGAGAAAGGAGAACGGGA
    TGTGGACAGGACACCGGGCAGAGAGGGACAAGCAGAGGATGCCAGGGTAG
    GGAGGTCTCCAGGGTGGATGGTGGTCTGTCCGGAGGCAGGATGAGGCAGG
    AAGGGTGTGGATGTACTCGGTGAGGCTGGCGCATGGCCTGGAGTGTCCTG
    AGCCCTGGGAGGCCTCAGCCCTGGATCAGATCTGTGATTCCAAAGGGCCA
    CTGCATCCAGAGACCGTTGAGTGGCCCATTGTCCTGAACCATTTATAGAA
    CACAGGACAAGCGGTACCTGACTAAGCTGCTCACAGATTCCATGAGGCTG
    ATGCCAGGGTTGTCACCCCATCTCACAGGCAGGGAAACTGATGCATATAC
    TGCAGAGCCAGGCAGAGGCCCTCCCAGTGCCCCCTCCCAGCCTGTGGCCC
    CCCTCCAGTGGCTGGACACTGAGGCCACACTGGGGCACCCTGTGGAGATC
    t
    Seq ID No. 35
    AGATCTGGCCAGGCCAGAGAAGCCCATGTGGTGACCTCCCTCCATCACTC
    CACGCCCTGACCTGCCAGGGAGCAGAAAGTAGGCCCAGGGTGGACCCGGT
    GGCCACCTGCCACCCCATGGCTGGGAGAAGGGAGGGCCTGGGCAAAGGGC
    CTGGGAAGCCTGTGGTGGGACCCCAGACCCCAGGGTGGACAGGGAGGGTC
    CCACACCCACAGCCATTTGCTTCCCTCTGTGGGTTCAGTGTCCTCATCTC
    ATCTGTGGGGAGGGGGCTGATAATGAATCTCCCCCATTGGGGTGGGCTTG
    GGGATTAAAGGGCCAGTGTCTGTGATATGCCTGGACCATAGTGACCCTCA
    CCCTCCCCAGCCATTGCTGTCACCTTCCGGGCTCTTGCCCAGGCCTGCCT
    GACATGCTGTGTGACCCTGGGCAAGATGATCCCCCTTTCTGGGCCCCAGC
    CTTCCTCTCTGCTCCGGAAGTGCTTCCTGGGGAAACCTGTGGGCTGGATC
    CTATAGGAAACCTGTCCAATTCCTGGATGCACAGAGGGGCAGGGAGGCCC
    TGGGCCTGGAGGGGCAGGGAGGCTCGAGGTGGGAGCAGGGTAGGGGCCAG
    TCCAGGGCAAGGAGGTGGGTGGGTAGGGTG
    Seq ID No. 36:
    GATCTGTGTTCCATCTCAGAGCTATCTTAGCAGAGAGGTGCAGGGGCCTC
    CAGGGCCACCAAAGTCCAGGCTCAGCCAGAGGCAATGGGGTATCGATGAG
    CTACAGGACACAGGCGTCAGCCCAGTGTCAGGGAGAATCACCTTGTTTGT
    TTTCTGAGTTCCTCTTAAAATAGAGTTAATTGGTCTTGGCCTTACGGTTT
    ACAATAACAACTGCACCCTGTAAACAACGTGAAGAGTACAGAACAACAAA
    TGGGGGAAAACATATTTCACCTGAAAGAGCCACCGCTCATATTTTGATGG
    ATTTCCTTCTAGTTTAATCCTGTTTTAATTGTAAACTGTTAAAACAAACA
    TAAATAAAGAAAATGCATCTGTAAAGTTTAAAAGTCATATCTATGGTGAT
    GGTTGCAAAACACTGTGAATGTTCACTTTGAAATCGTGAACTCTACGTGA
    TATGCATGTCCCGTTAATTAACCTCACAGGCTCAGAATGTGGTTCATTAT
    TTCTTTAATTTTCCTTTAATTTTATGTCCTCTGTGTGTGCCCTTAAACCA
    ACTACTTTTCAGCTCTGCCTGTTTTTGACCTTCACATAGATGACATTTGT
    GAGTGTTTTCTTTCTCAACACTGGGTCTGATACCCACCCACGCTGTCTGC
    TGTCACTGCGGACGTGGAGGGCCACCACCCAGCTATGGCCCCAGCCAGGC
    CAACACTGGATGAATCTGCCCCCAGAGCAGGGCCACCAACACTGGAGGTG
    CAGAGAGGGTTTCTTCAGGGCCATCATTATCCAAGGCATTGTTTCTACTG
    TAAGCTTTCAAAATGCTTCCCCTGATTATTAAAAGAAATAATAAGATGGG
    GGGAAAGTACAAGAAGGGAAGTTTCCAGCCCAGCCTGAAGATCGTGCTGG
    TTGTATCTGGAGCCTGTCTTCCTGACAGGCCTCTATTCCCAGAGTTA
    Seq ID No. 37:
    GGATCCTAGGGAAGGGAGGGCGGGGGCCTGGACAAAGGGGGCCTAAAGGA
    CATTCTCACCTATCCCACTGGACCcctgctgtgctctgagggagggagca
    gagagggggtctgaggccttttcccagCTCCTCTGAGTCCCTCCTCCGAG
    CACCTGGACGGAAGCCCCTCCTCAGGGAGTCCTCAGACCCCTCCCCTCCA
    GCCAGGTTGGCCTGTGTGGAGTCCCCAGTAAGAATAGAATGCTCAGGGCT
    TCGAGCTGAGCCCTGGCTACTTGGGGGGGTGCTGGGGATTGGGGGTGCTG
    GGCGGGGAGCTGGGGTGTCACTAGATGCCAGTAGGCTGTGGGCTCGGGTC
    TGGGGGGTCTGCACATGTGCAGCTGTGGGAAGGCCCTATTGGTGGTACCC
    TCAGACACATATGGCCCCTCAATTTCTGAGACCAGAGAGCCCAGTCTGGC
    CTTCCCAGAACAGCTGCCCCTGGTGGGGGAGATGTAGGGGGGCCTTCAGC
    CCAGGACCCCCAACGGCAGGGCCTGAGGCCCCCATCCCCTTGTCCTGGGC
    CCAGAGCCTCAGCTATCAGGCCTATCAGAGATCCTGGCTGCCCAGCTCAG
    GTTCCCCAGGAGCCAGAGGGAGGCCAGGGGTTACTAGGAAATCCGGAAAG
    GGTCTTTGAGGCTGGGCCCCACCCTCTCAGCTTTCACAGGAGAAACAGAG
    GCCCACAGGGGGCAAAGGACTTGCCAGACTCACAATGAGCCCAGCAGCTG
    GACTCAAGGCCCAGTGTTCGGCCCCACAACAGCACTCACGTGCCCTTGAT
    CGTGAGGGGCCCCCTCTCAGCCAGGCATTCAGACCTGTGACCTGCATCTA
    AGATTCAGCATCAGCCATTCTGAGCTGAAGAGCCCTCAGGGTCTGCAGTC
    AAGGCCAGAGGGCCAGACCTCCAACGGCCAGACATCCCAGCCAGATTCCT
    TTCTGGTCAATGGGCCCCAGTCTGGCTTGGCTCCTGCAGGCCCAGTGCCG
    CCTTCTTCCCCTGGGCCTGTGGAGTCCAGCCTTTCAGTTTCCCACCCACA
    TCCTCAGCCACAATCCAGGCTCAGAGGCAATGTCCGTGGGCAGCCCCTGT
    GTGACCCCTCTGTGGGTGATCCTCAGTCCTACCCTTAGCAGACAGCGCAT
    GAGGGGCCCTCTTGAACCTGAGGGATACTCCATGTCGGAGGGGAGAAGCT
    GGCCTTCCCCACCCCCACTTCCAGGCCTTGGGGAGCAGAGAAAGACCCCA
    GACCTGGGTCCCTTCTAACAGGCCAGGCCCCAGCCCAGCTCTCCACCAGC
    CCCAGGGGCCTGGGGTCCACGCCTGGGGACTGGAGGGTGGGCCTGTCAGG
    CGCTGACCCAGAGGCAGGACAGCCAAGTTCAGGATCCCAGCCAGGTGGTC
    CCCGTGCACCATGCAGGGGTGTCACCCACACAGGGGTGTTGCCACCCTCA
    CCTGACTGTCCTCATGGGCCACATGGAGGTATCCTGGGTTCATTACTGGT
    CAACATACCCGTGTCCCTGCAGTGCCCCCTCTGGcgcacgcgtgcacgcg
    cacacgcacacactcatacaGAGGCTCCAGCCAAGAGTGCCCTGTAGTAG
    GCACTGCTGTCACTTCTCTAAAAGGTCGCAATCATACTTGTAAAGACCCA
    AGATTGTTCAGAAATCCCAGATGGAGAAGTCTGGAAAGATCtTTTTCTCC
    TTTCACGGGCTGGGGAAATGTGACCTGGCCAAGGTCACACAGCAAGTGGT
    GGAACCCTGGCCCCTGATTCCAGCTCATTCCAGTTCCCAAGGCCCTGCCA
    GAGCCCAGAGGCTGGGCCCTCTGGGGCAGAGGAGCTGGGGTCCTCCCCCC
    TACACAGAGCACACAGCCCCGCAAGAGAGAAGAGACACCTTGGGGAGAGG
    AATCTCCAGACCAGAGATCCCAGTATGGGTCTCCTCTATGCTGACGGGAT
    GGGATGTCAAGAGGGGAGGGGGCTGGGCTTTAGGGAAACACACAAAAATC
    GCTGAGAACACTGACAGGTGCGACACACCCACCCCTAATGCTAACCTGTG
    GCCCATTACTCAgatct
    Seq ID No. 38
    GATCTTCTCCTAAGACCAAGGAAAACTGGTCATACCAGGTCCACTTGTCC
    CCTGTGGCCATTGTCCCTCCTTCCCCAGAAGAAACAAGCACTTTCCACTC
    CACAAGTAGCTCCTGATCAGCTTGGAAGCCCGGTGCTGCTCTGGGCCCTG
    GGGACACGGCAGGGGCATCAGAGACCAAATCCTGGAACAAAGTTCCAGTG
    GGTGAGGCAGGCCGGACAAGCAACACGTTATACCATAATATGAGGCAAAA
    TATAATGTGAGTTCTTTATGAAAGGAAGGGGTTGCAGGTGCAACTGTTGG
    CTTAGGTGGATGGTCACCCCTGAATGGAGGAGGGGGTTCCCAGGGCATGT
    GCCTGGGGAGAAGGGCTCCTGGCAGGAGGGACAGCAAGTGCAAGGGCCCT
    GTGATCAAATGTGCCTGGCAAGTTGCAGGAACAGCTAGAAGGCCAGCAAG
    GTTGGAACCAAGGAAGGGGTGAGGGGAGGGGCAGGGCCCTCAGGGCCTTG
    CCCAGCAGCCTGAGCATCTGGAGATTTGTCCAAAGTTTCAAATGTACCTG
    GGCAACCTCATGCCCATATACCATTCCTAACTTCTGCACTTAACATCTCT
    AGGACTGGGACCCAGCCAGTCAAGCGGGGGGACCCAGAGAGCTCCGGTGT
    GAACACCGAGGTGCTGGTGGGTCTGCGTGTGTGGACATAGGGCAGTCCCG
    GTCCTTCCTTCACTAACACGGCCCGGGAAGCCCTGTGCCTCCCTGGTGCG
    CGGGTCGGCGCTTCCGGAGGGTACAGGCCCACCTGGAGCCCGGGCACAGT
    GCATGCAAGTCGGGTTCACGGCAACCTGAGCTGGCTCTGCAGGGCAGTGG
    GACTCACAGCCAGGGGTACAGGGCAGACCGGTCCTGCCTCTGCGCCCCTC
    CCTGGCCTGTGGCCCCTGGACGTGATCCCCAACAGTTAGCATGCCCCGCC
    GGTGCTGAGAACCTGGACGAGGTCCGCAGGCGTCACTGGGCGGTCACTGA
    GCCCGCCCCAGGCCCCCTCTGCCCCTTCCTGGGGTGACCGTGGACTCCTG
    GATGACCCTGGACCCTAGACTTCCCAGGGTGTCTCGCGGAGGTTCCTCAG
    CCAGGATCTCTGCGTCTCCTCCTTCCATAGAGGGGACGGCGCCCCCTTGT
    GGCCAAGGAGGGGACGGTGGGTCCCGGAGCTGGGGCGGAGAACACAGGGA
    GCCCCTCCCAGACCCCGCTCTGGGCAGAACCTGGGAAGGGATGTGGCCAT
    CGGGGGATCCCTCCAGGCCATCTCCTCAGATGGGGGCTGGTCGACTAGCT
    TCTGAGTCCTCCAAGGAACCGGGTCCTTCTAGTCATGACTCTGCCCAGAT
    GAAGAAGGAGAGCACTTCTCTCCATCAGGAGGATCTGAGCTTCTCTTAAT
    TAGAATCAGCTCCTTGGCTTCTACCCCTTAAAAAAAGGTACAGAAACTTT
    GCACCTTGATCCAGTATCAGGGGAATTTATCAATCAATGTGGGAGAAATT
    GGCATCTTTACCACACTGAATCTTTCAATCCATGAATATCCTCTCTCTCT
    TCCATGCATAGGTTTTAATAATTCTCAATGGAGTTTAATGTAAGTTTTCC
    TCATAGACAATTGCCTTTGGACATCTCTTTAGAGTCATCTCTAGTAAACT
    GATATTCTTAATGCAATTATAAAATGTATCCTGCTTAATGTTATTTTCTA
    TTCATTTGCTGTTATATAGAGATACAATGAGTTTCCACATTTGAAACTGG
    ATCTGGTAAATTGGCTACCCTTTTTTTATAGATTCTATTAATTTTTATAC
    ATTCTGTGGGACTTGCTACATACTTAATCATGTCACCTGTGAAGAATGAC
    AATTTGGTTGCTACCCTCCCAATTCTTATATGTCTCATTTCTTTCCCTCT
    GCTGGTACTCTGGCAGCAGCAGGGAAGATAATGGGCCTCCTTATCTTGTC
    ACAAAAGGATGTTTTTAAAGATTTCGTTATAAAACATAACGCTTTCTGGT
    TTTCTTTAAAGATTCTCTCACCAGCTTAAGAAAATTTTCTTATACTCTGT
    ATGATAAATGGGTTTTTGACAATCATTTGTTGCATTTTACCTAGTGTTTT
    CTCTGCATCTTTATATGCTTTTTCTCCTTTAATCCTGAAAATTGTTTCGA
    TTTTTCTAACATTGAACCAATCTTACATTCCTGGAATGGATGGACCAGAC
    TAGTCCACATGTTTATTCTGCCCAATGGCTAGATTTTGTGTTCaatattt
    tgttcagaatgtttgcatctatattcttGAGTGAGACAGAGCTGCCCTTG
    TTAGGTTTCACAACCGAGGTTGTGTTAGCTTCATAAAATGAGACGTTTAT
    TCTCTAAAAGAATTGTTTCGCTTCTCTGGATGAATTTGTGTAAGGTTAGA
    ATTGCTTACCAGTGAagatctCGGGgCCAGTTCTTCTTTAGGGGAAGATT
    TTCAACAATTAAGCTCAATGCCTTTAGAAGAACTGAGAGTTTCTATTATT
    TCTTGAGTTAAATATATGTATTTAATTAGACTTTCTAGGAATAGTCTCAT
    TTCATCTCAAATAATTGACATATGCTATTAAAGCAGATTCTCATGAACCA
    TTGTAGGTATTCCAGGTCTAGAAAAATGTTCCCCTTTGCATCCCTAATGT
    GTTTAATTTTCACCTTCTTTCTTTTGTTCTTGAGAAATTCACCAAATCAT
    TTTCAATTTCAGTCATATCCCAAAGCAACCAACTCTCTACCTTCTTGTTT
    TATCATCCCTGCTGGATTTTTGTTATCTACTTCTTCAGTATTTGTTCTTC
    CCTTTCTTCTATTCCTCATTCCATTTTTCCCTTGTTTTCTAACTTTCTGA
    GATATATGCTTAGTTCCTTCATTTGAAGCCTTTTTATTTTCTTTTTTTTT
    TTTTGGTCTTTTTGTCTTTtGTTGTTGTTGTTGTGCTATTtCTTGGGCCG
    CTCCCGCGGCATATGGAGGTTCCCAGGCTAGGAGTCGAATCGGAGCTGTA
    GCCACCGGCCTACGCCAGAGCCACAGCAATGCGGGATCCGAGCCGCGTCT
    GCAACCTACACCACAGCTCATGGCAACGCCGGATCGTTAACCCACTGAGC
    AAGGGCAGGAACCGAACCCGCAACCTCATGGTTCCTAGTCGGATTCGTAA
    CCACTGTGCCACAACAGGAACTCCGCCTTTTTATTTTCTATAAAAATTTC
    TATGTACATTTTAAGGTTATAGGTTTCCTTCTATGTACCCCATTGGCTGT
    ATCCTCAGGGTTCTGTGGAGTGATTTCATTATTGTTCAAGTTCAATATGT
    CTTCTGATTTTCCAATTTGAATACCTCTCTAAATCAGTAGGTGAATATTT
    CTTTTTCTTTTTCTTTTCTTTTCTTCTTTTTTTTTTTCTTTCAGCCAGGT
    CCATGGCATGCAGAAATTCCCAGGCCAGGAATCAAACTCTCACCATGGCA
    GTGACAATGTCGGATCCTTTACCCACTAGGCCACCAGGGAACTCTGGGAG
    CATATGTTTTTATTTCCCGACATCTGAGGATGCCTAGTATGTCTTCATTA
    TTGATTTCTAGTTTGCCACTGATTTCTAGTATTTTGCTCATAGAGTGTAT
    GCTCAATGGTTTTGGTCATTTGAAATGTATTTAGTCCTGCTTTATGACCC
    AGTATGTGGTCAGTTTTGTCAATGTTCCTTTTCTGCTTGAAGAGAACCTA
    CATGCTGTAACTCTGGGTGCATGTTCTGTATATAAGTCTATAGGCTGAGC
    CGGGGGAGCCTTCTAATCTGCCGTTATCTTCTTCGAGTTATTCTAGGTAC
    TATTTCTTAGCCATAAACCTTTAAATTCTGATATCAATATAATGACCCCA
    GCCCGCTTAGGGTCGGCACTTCATGTTATCTTTTTCCATCCATTTAATGC
    CTCCCCACTGTTTTGGCCACACCCGTGGGATATGGGAGTTCCTGGGCCAA
    GGATCaGATCTGAGCCGCAGCTGCCACCTATGCCACAGCAgcagcaatga
    tggatctttaacccactgcaccacactggggattgaacccaagcctcagc
    agcaacccaagctactgcagagacaacaccagatccttaacctgctgtgc
    catagcgggaaTTTCCATCCATTTACTTTCAAGCCAGCTGAATAACCTAG
    CCCACCATGGCTGGACATGGGTGCTCTGCTTCAAATGATTTTGTTCAGTC
    AGCATCCATCTCTGAAATGTGTGCCAAGCATTTATATGCATGCAAGAGTC
    ATGTTGGCACTTCTATCATTTCCAACAGTTCAGTAGCCTTTGTATCATGA
    CATTTCTTGGCCTTTTCTCTACAATATTTGAGGCTGAGCAGACTGGCCGT
    GCCCCTGTCCATGCTTCCAGAGCCTGTGTGCAGACTTCTGCTCTAGACAG
    AGACAGCTAACCATCCTGCAGTGCCCAGAAAACCCAACTCAAAGACCCTC
    AAGTAAGGAAGGATTTATTGGCTCACGTAATCTGGAATCCAGGCATGGGG
    TATTCAGGGCGACCTGAACCAGAGGCCCTGGCCCTGTTCTCTAAGCTTCT
    TCCTGCCCTGCCCTCGTTCTGGAAGTGACCCTGAAGGACAGCAATGAAGG
    GCAGCTCCCCCAGGGACAGATGACTGAGAGGTCCATTTCAAGTCCAACTT
    GGCCTAGATTGAGAGGCAGCAAGAAATATGGACCTACAGTGAGTCACAGG
    ATTTACCAGTGGTTTGGCTGGGTTGTCAGTGTTACAGGCTAAACATTTGG
    GTCCCTCCAAAATTAACATGTTGCCACTCTAACCACCAAAATCatggtat
    ttgggggtggggcccttggaggtaattaggtttagaaAGAATGAAGAGGG
    GGCCCTTGTGATGGGACTAGTGCCTTTATAGAGAGAGAAGAGAGAGGG
    Seq ID No. 39
    CACCTCATCCCCAACCACCTGGATGGTGGCAAGTGGCAGGCTGAGAGGCT
    GCATATGAGCTCATCAAGAGGGTCCCCACCCCACAGAGGCTGACCCAGCT
    GCCACTGCCACCTAGTGGCTGATCGGCCAAGAGCAGGAGCCCCAGGGGCA
    GCTCCATTCCCTGGGGCGGCCAGGGAACCACCTGGTGGTAGGACAATTCC
    ATTGCACCTCATCCATCAGGAAAAGGTTTGCCTTCCCTGGCAGTAATGCA
    TCTTCCCATAACATGGTCCCTGGCCTCTTGGAATGGCTTGGCCACCGTCA
    TGGCCTCACCCACAAAGCCTTGTGTCTCAGCAAGGAACTTATTCCACAGC
    AAAGGACTTGCAGCCTGGAATGAACTGGTCTGACTACATACCCCATTGCC
    CAGAAGTAGGTGGTCTATTGCAAAGTGGAGTGGCTTACCCAAGACTCAGT
    TGTGCCCAAGTTGAGAGATAGCATCCTAAAATATGGGCTTATGTCTCACT
    GGCTGAGGTTTATTCTTTGAATCAAAGACAATTATATGGTGTGGTCCCCC
    CAGAGATAGAATACATGAGTCTGGGAATCAAGGGATAGAAGTAAGAAGAG
    ATTTTGTCACCATTAATCCCAATAACTCGCCCAAAGAATATTTGCTTTCT
    GTCCTGGCAGCTCTGCTGCTTTGGCAATAACTTCCTAGAATATAATGTCT
    CCACCAGGGGACTCCACAACGGTTCCATTGATTTGAAGCCAATGGGCAGA
    GGAGGGGCTGCCTTACTGGTCGGACTGGTCAGCCCTGATTACTAAGGAGA
    AATCAGGCAACTTCAACAAAACTAAGGCAGGGGGGACTTTGTCTAGAACC
    CAAAGCACTAAGCATCTTAGTACTTTTTAGTTCTCAGAGCCTCCAAGAAC
    AAAGATTTAGCCCCTCAGCACCACCAGGTAAAGAACAGGTAAATCCAGCT
    GAGGACAAGAGAAATATTGAATGGATAGAGGAAGAAAGAAATTATAGATA
    TCAACTATGGCCTCATGACTAGAGTCTCCAGATTAAGCGGAATAAAAATA
    CAGATGATTaGATCTGAACATCAGGCCAAACAACGAACAACAGTTTAAGT
    GCGACCTAGGCAATATTTGGGACATACTTATACTAAAATTTTTTCGCTAT
    TTGAGCATCCTGTATTTTATCTGGCAACTTTATTCATCCCTAGCGAAAAA
    GGAACTGTGGTAACTTAGTGTATTTTTACTTTGCTCATTATTGTGTATAT
    ACCTACTTGTATTTATCAATCATATTTACTCTGTTCTCAGTATTACTTTA
    TATAGCAGTTGGTGGTGATGGTTAGCAACATATTCAGTGGAACTGTGACT
    GAATTTGAGGAGAAATTAACAGAGTTGGCTGTGGCTACAATAACCCTTCG
    GGACATGTGTCCCCTCATTTTGGGGAGATGGTTagatctCTGGGTAAATG
    TTAGGGCATCTGAGCCAGAAACCAAGATTTTGCCAGCTGGTGCAATGTCA
    GATTTTACCAGCAGAGGGTGCCAGAGGAATGCGGCAAAACCCGAGTGCCA
    GAAAGCACCTCCCTGTTTTCCAGCTTTTCTTCCTTTTTATTTATTTTATT
    TACGGCCCAGGAGTCCGTAATAGCGCTGAGGATGGCCCAGGCTCTTCTCA
    GCAGCCCTGACTGACTAGTTCAGCAATGCGCTCAGGCCCCATCTGGCCAC
    CGGGCAGCCTCTTCTGTGGTAGCTCCAGCCTCAGCCAGTGCAAAAGGCTA
    CCCTACACTGGCGCCACTTCTACAATCAGCACTGGCCACACCCTCCACGC
    CATCCGGCACGGAGCCAGGTGATCTGCCGGCCAGATTGCAGTTCGTGCTG
    CCTGAGTCCAGGTGATTACACTGGCTGCATCTTTTCTTTCTGGACCAtTC
    attccattttttt

    Bovine Lambda Light Chain
  • In a further embodiment, nucleic acid sequences are provided that encode bovine lambda light chain locus, which can include at least one joining region-constant region pair and/or at least one variable region, for example, as represented by Seq ID No. 31. In Seq ID No 31, bovine lambda C can be found at residues 993-1333, a J to C pair can be found at the complement of residues 33848-35628 where C is the complement of 33848-34328 and J is the complement of 35599-35628, V regions can be found at (or in the complement of) residues 10676-10728, 11092-11446, 15088-15381, 25239-25528, 29784-30228, and 51718-52357. Seq ID No. 31 can be found in Genbank ACCESSION No. AC117274. Further provided are vectors and/or targeting constructs that contain all or part of Seq ID No. 31, for example at least 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 500000, 75000 or 100000 contiguous nucleotides of Seq ID No. 31, as well as cells and animals that contain a disrupted bovine lambda gene.
    Seq ID No 1 tgggttctat gccacccagc ttggtctctg
    31 atggtcactt gaggccccca tctcatggca
    61 aagagggaac tggattgcag atgagggacc
    gtgggcagac atcagaggga cacagaaccc
    121 tcaaggctgg ggaccagagt cagagggcca
    ggaagggctg gggaccttgg gtctagggat
    181 ccgggtcagg gactcggcaa aggtggaggg
    ctccccaagg cctccatggg gcggacctgc
    241 agatcctggg ccggccaggg acccagggaa
    agtgcaaggg gaagacgggg gaggagaagg
    301 tgctgaactc agaactgggg aaagagatag
    gaggtcagga tgcaggggac acggactcct
    361 gagtctgcag gacacactcc tcagaagcag
    gagtccctga agaagcagag agacaggtac
    421 cagggcagga aacctccaga cccaagaaga
    ctcagagagg aacctgagct cagatctgcg
    481 gatgggggga ccgaggacag gcagacaggc
    tccccctcga ccagcacaga ggctccaagg
    541 gacacagact tggagaccaa cggacgcctt
    cgggcaaagg ctcgaacaca catgtcagct
    601 caaaatatac ctggactgac tcacaggagg
    ccagggaggc cacatcatcc actcagggga
    661 cagactgcca gccccaggca gaccccatca
    accgtcagac gggcaggcaa ggagagtgag
    721 ggtcagatgt ctgtgtggga aaccaagaac
    cagggagtct caggacagcg ctggcagggg
    781 tccaggctca ggctttccca ggaagatggg
    gaggtgcctg agaaaacccc acccaccttc
    841 cctggcacag gccctctggc tcacagtggt
    gcctggactc ggggtcctgc tgggctctca
    901 aaggatcctg tgtccccctg tgacacagac
    tcaggggctc ccatgacggg caccagacct
    961 ctgattgtgg tcttcttccc ctcgcccact
    ttgcaggtca gcccaagtcc acaccctcgg
    1021 tcaccctgtt cccgccctcc aaggaggagc
    tcagcaccaa caaggccacc ctggtgtgtc
    1081 tcatcagcga cttctacccg ggtagcgtga
    ccgtggtcta gaaggcagac ggcagcacca
    1141 tcacccgcaa cgtggagacc acccgggcct
    ccaaacagag caacagcaag tacgcggcca
    1201 gcagctacct gagcctgatg ggcagcgact
    ggaaatcgaa aggcagttac agctgcgagg
    1261 tcacgcacga ggggagcacc gtgacgaaga
    cagtgaagcc tcagagtgtt cttagggccc
    1321 tgggccccca ccccggaaag ttctaccctc
    ccaccctggt tccccctagc ccttcctcct
    1381 gcacacaatc agctcttaat aaaatgtcct
    cattgtcatt cagaaatgaa tgctctctgc
    1441 tcatttttgt tgatacattt ggtgccctga
    gctcagttat cttcaaagga aacaaatcct
    1501 cttagccttt gggaatcagg agagagggtg
    gaagcttggg ggtttgggga gggatgattt
    1561 cactgtcatc cagaatcccc cagagaacat
    tctggaacag gggatggggc cactgcagga
    1621 gtggaagtct gtccaccctc cccatcagcc
    gccatgcttc ctcctctgtg tggaccgtgt
    1681 ccagctctga tggtcacggc aacacactct
    ggttgccacg ggcccagggc agtatctcgg
    1741 ctccctccac tgggtgctca gcaatcacat
    ctggaagctg ctcctgctca agcggccctc
    1801 tgtccactta gatgatgacc cccctgaagt
    catgcgtgtt ttggctgaaa ccccaccctg
    1861 gtgattccca gtcgtcacag ccaagactcc
    ccccgactcg acctttccaa gggcactacc
    1921 ctctgcccct cccccagggc tccccctcac
    agtcttcagg ggaccggcaa gcccccaacc
    1981 ctggtcactc atctcacagt tcccccaggt
    cgccctcctc ccacttgcat ggcaggaggg
    2041 tcccagctga cttcgaggtc tctgaccagc
    ccagctctgc tctgcgaccc cttaaaactc
    2101 agcccaccac ggagcccagc accatctcag
    gtccaagtgg ccgttttggt tgatgggttc
    2161 cgtgagctca agcccagaat caggttaggg
    aggtcgtggc gtggtcatct ctgaccttgg
    2221 gtggtttctt aggagctcag aatgggagct
    gatacacgga taggctgtgc taggcactcc
    2281 cacgggacca cacgtgagca ccgttagaca
    cacacacaca cacacacaca cacacacaca
    2341 cacacacgag tcactacaaa cacggccatg
    ttggttggac gcatctctag gaccagaggc
    2401 gcttccagaa tccgccatgg cctcactctg
    cggagaccac agctccatcc cctccgggct
    2461 gaaaaccgtc tcctcaccct cccaccgggg
    tgacccccaa agctgctcac gaggagcccc
    2521 cacctcctcc aggagaagtt ccctgggacc
    cggtgtgaca cccagccgtc cctcctgccc
    2581 ctcccccgcc tggagatggc cggcgcccca
    tttcccaggg gtgaactcac aggacgggag
    2641 gggtcgctcc cctcacccgc ccggagggtc
    aaccagcccc tttgaccagg aggggggcgg
    2701 acctggggct ccgagtgcag ctgcaggcgg
    gcccccgggg gtggcggggc tggcggcagg
    2761 gtttatgctg gaggctgtgt cactgtgcgt
    gtttgctcgg tggagggacc cagctggcca
    2821 tccggggtga gtctcccctt tccagctttc
    cggagtcagg agtgacaaat gggtagattc
    2881 ttgtgttttt cttacccatc tggggctgag
    gtctccgtca ccctaggcct gtaaccctcc
    2941 cccttttagc ctgttccctc tgggcttctt
    cacgtttcct tgagggacag tttcactgtc
    3001 acccagcaaa gcccagagaa tatccagatg
    gggcaggcaa tatgggacgg caagctagtc
    3061 caccctctta ccttgggctc cccgcggcct
    ccggataatg tctgagctgc ctccctggat
    3121 gcttcacctt ctgagactgt gaggcaagaa
    accccctccc caaaagggag gagacccgac
    3181 cccagtgcag atgaacgtgc tgtgagggga
    ccctgggagt aagtggggtc tggcggggac
    3241 cgtgatcatt gcagactgat gccccaggca
    gggtgagagg tcatggccgc cgacaccagc
    3301 agctgcaggg agcacaggcc gggggcaagt
    catgcagaca ggacaggacg tgtgaccctg
    3361 aagagtcaga gtgacacgcg gggggggggc
    ccggagctcc cgagattagg gcttgggtcc
    3421 taacgggatc caggagggtc cacgggccca
    ccccagccct ctccctgcac ccaatcaact
    3481 tgcaataaaa cgtcctctat tgtcttacaa
    aaaccctgct ctctgctcat gtttttcctt
    3541 gccccgcatt taatcgtcaa cctctccagg
    attctggaac tggggtgggg nnnnnnnnnn
    3601 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnmnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    3661 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    agcttatgtg gtgggcaggg gggtagtaag
    3721 atcaaaagtg cttaaattaa taaagccggc
    atgatatacg agtttggata aaaaatagat
    3781 ggaaaagtaa gaaaggacag gaggggggtg
    aggcggaaga aagggggaag aaggaaaaaa
    3841 aaataagaga gaggaacaaa gaaagggagg
    ggggccggtg atgggggtgg gatagaatat
    3901 aataattgga gtaaagagta gcgggtggct
    gttaattccg ggggggaata gagaaaaaaa
    3961 aaaaaaaatg tgcgggtggg cggtaagtat
    ggagatttta taaatattat gtgtggaata
    4021 atgagcgggg gtggacgggc aaggcgagag
    taaaaagggg cgagagaaaa aaattaggat
    4081 ggaatatatg gggtaaattt taaatagagg
    gtgatatatg ttagattgag caagatataa
    4141 atatagatgg tgggggaaaa gagacaaggg
    tgagcgccaa aacgccctcc cgtatcattt
    4201 gccttccttc ctttaccacc tcgttcaaac
    tctttttcga gaaccctgaa gcggtcaggc
    4261 ccggggctgg gggtgggata cccggggagg
    ggctgcgcct cctcctttgc agagggggtc
    4321 gaggagtggg agctgaggca ggagactggc
    aggctggaga gatggctgtt gacttcctgc
    4381 ctgtttgaac tcacagtcac agtgccagac
    ccactgaatt gggctaaata ccatattttt
    4441 ctggggagag agtgtagagc gagcgactga
    ggcgagctca tgtcatctac agggccgcca
    4501 gctgcaggga ctttgtgtgt gtcgtgctcg
    ttgctcagtt gtgtccgact ctttatgact
    4561 tcatggactg taacctgcca ggctcctctg
    tccgtggaat tctccaggca agaatactgg
    4621 agtgggtagc cattctcatc tccgggggat
    cttcctgacc caagaatcaa acctgagtct
    4681 cccgcattgc aggcagcttc tttcttgtct
    gagccaccag ggaagcccct taagtggagg
    4741 atctaaatag agtgtttagg agtataagag
    aaaggaagga cgtctataca agatccttcg
    4801 gttcctgtaa ctacgactcg agttaacaag
    ccctgtgtga gtgagttgcc agtaattatt
    4861 gctaacctgt ttctttcact cactgagcca
    ggtatcctgt gagacggcat acttacctcc
    4921 tcttctgcat tcctcgggat ggagctgtgc
    ggtggcctct aggactacca catcgaccag
    4981 gtcagaccca gggacagagg attgctgaga
    tgcactgaga agtttgtcag cctaggtctt
    5041 cacccacaca gactgtgctg tcgtctacca
    cgtaattctt cctgtccaaa gaactggtta
    5101 aacgctcctg aagcgtattc tggtctgctt
    caaaaagtgc ctctttcctt tataagttcc
    5161 gccaatcctg gactttgtcc caggccagtc
    tactttattt gtgggaaagg tttttttggt
    5221 cttttttgtt ttaaactctg cagaaattgc
    ttacactttt ggtgtgcaat ggctcactct
    5281 tacggttcta gctgtattca aaggggttgc
    ttttctttgt ttttaaagct ttttgaacgt
    5341 ggaccatttt taaagtcttt attaaacgtc
    taacatcgtt tctggtttat tttctggtgg
    5401 tctggccatg aggcctacgg gtcttagctc
    ccctaccagg gtccaaccca catcccttgc
    5461 actggacggc aaggtcttaa cctttgaacc
    accagagagc ttctgaaagg ggctgctttt
    5521 ctccaatcct ctttgctccc tgcctgctgg
    tagggattca gcacccctgc aatagccctg
    5581 tctgttctta ggggctcagt agcctttctg
    cctgggtgtg gagctggggt tgtaagagag
    5641 cttcatggat ttggacacga cctacgactc
    agaggtaaga ctccatctta gcgctgtaat
    5701 gacctctttc caacaaccac ccccaccacc
    ctggaccact gatcaggaga gatgattctc
    5761 tctcttatca tcaacgtggt cagtcccaaa
    cttgcacccg gcctgtcata gatgtagcag
    5821 gtaagcaata aatatttgtt gaatgttaag
    tgaattgaaa taacataagt gaaaaagaaa
    5881 acacttaaaa acatgtgttt ttataattac
    acagtaaaca tataatcatt gtagaaaaaa
    5941 atcgaaagag tggcgggggc caagtgaaaa
    ccaccatccc tggtatgtcc acccgcccgg
    6001 gtagccccag gtaagaggtg cggacacgga
    tggccctgta gacacagaga cacacgctca
    6061 tatgctgggt cttgtcttgt gacctcttgg
    ggatgatgtt attttcacga tgccattcaa
    6121 accttctacc acaccatttt tagagggtcg
    ttcatcgtaa atcagttcac tgctttgttt
    6181 tctgattttg aaagtgtcac attcttcgag
    aaatgagaag gaacaggcgc gcataaggaa
    6241 gaaagtaaac acgtggcctt gcttccaggg
    ggcactcagc gtgttggtgt gcacgctggc
    6301 agtcttttct ctgtgacagt catggccttt
    tcccaaaggt gggctcagat aagaccgcct
    6361 cccatcccct gtccctgtcc ccgtccccta
    cggtggaacc cacccacggc acgtctccga
    6421 ggccctttgg ggctgtggac gttaggctgt
    gtggacatgc tgctggtggg gacccagggc
    6481 tgggcagcac gttgtccctg ggtcccgggc
    cagtgaggag ctcccaagga gcagggctgc
    6541 tgggccaaag ggcagtgcgt cccgaggcca
    tggacaaggg gatacatttc ctgctgaagg
    6601 gctggactgc gtctccctgg ggccccttgg
    agtcatgggc agtggggagg cctctgctca
    6661 ccccgttgcc cacccatggc tcagtctgca
    gccaggagcg cctggggctg ggacgccgag
    6721 gccggagccc ctccctgctg tgctgacggg
    ctcggtgacc ctgccgcccc ctccctgggg
    6781 ccctgctgac cgcgggggcc accccggcca
    gttctgagat tcccctgggg tccagccctc
    6841 caggatccca ggacccagga tggcaaggat
    gttgaggagg cagctagggg gcagcatcag
    6901 gcccagaccg gggctgggca ggggctgggc
    gcaggcgggt gggggggtct gcacnccccc
    6961 acctgcnagc tgdncnnncn tttgntnncg
    tcctccctgn tcctggtctg tcccgcccgg
    7021 ggggcccccc ctggtcttgt ttgttccccc
    tccccgtccc ttcccccctt tttccgtcct
    7081 cctcccttct tttattcgcc ccttgtggtc
    gttttttttc cgtccctctt ttgttttttt
    7141 gtctttttct ttttccccct cttctccctt
    gctctctttt tcattcgtcg gtttttctgc
    7201 tcccttccct ctcccccccg ctttttttcc
    ctgtctgctt tttgtgttct ccctctctac
    7261 cccccctgca gcctattttt tttatatatc
    catttccccc tagtatttgg cccccgctta
    7321 cttctcccta atttttattt tcctttcttt
    aactaaaatc accgtgtggt tataagtttt
    7381 aacctttttt gcaccgccca caatgcaatc
    ttcacgcacg ccccccccgt cagcctcctt
    7441 aaataccttt gcctactgcc cccctccttg
    tataataacg cgtcacgtgg tcaaccatta
    7501 tcacctctcc accaccttac cacattttcc
    ttcnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    7561 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    7621 nnnnnnnnnn nnntgaaaaa agaaaaggct
    gggcaggttt taatatgggg gggttggagt
    7681 ggaatgaaaa tgcattggag tggttgcaac
    aaatggaaag gtctcaggag cgctcctccc
    7741 ccatcaggag ctggaaagaa gtggaagcaa
    agcaaggaat tcgtgtgatg gccagaggtc
    7801 aggggcaggg agctgcaaag actgccggct
    gtttgtgact gnccgtctcc gggtgcattt
    7861 gttagcaggg aggcattaca ctcatgtctt
    ggtttgctaa ctaattctta ctattgttta
    7921 gttgcaaggt catgtctgac tctttgcaac
    ccagggactg cagcccgcca ggctcctctg
    7981 tccatgggat ttcgcaggca agaatactgg
    aggtggtagc cattttcttc accatgggat
    8041 cttcccgagc cagaaatgga acccgagtcg
    cctcctgtgc atggggtctg ctgcctaaca
    8101 ggcagatatt tgacgtctga gccaacaggg
    aggacagacg gtaattatac caaccattga
    8161 aagaggaatt acacactaat ctttatcaaa
    atctttcaaa cagtagagga gaaaggatac
    8221 tctctagttt attccataaa gttggaatta
    cgcttatcaa taaagacatt acaagaaaag
    8281 aaagtgaagc cccaaatgcc ttataaatat
    acaagaaaaa atcttttaag atattagcca
    8341 acttaatcaa caaaaaatgt atcaaaagtc
    caagtaacat tcaccccagg aatgcaagtg
    8401 tggttcagcc taagacaatc agtcatgagt
    ataccacgga aacaaattaa agagaaaaga
    8461 cattaaatct cacaaatggt gcagaaaaag
    atttggcaat atcgaacatc ttttcatgac
    8521 caaaggaaaa aaaagaaaca aaacaccaga
    aaattctgtg tagaaagaat atatctcaac
    8581 ccaatgaagg gcatttatga aaaacccaca
    gcatacatca cactccatga gaaagactga
    8641 aagctttccc cactgccatt gaactctgtc
    ctggaaattc tagtcacagc gacagaacaa
    8701 gagaaagaaa taacggccgt ctaaactggt
    aggaagaaat caaagcgtct ctattctctg
    8761 ggcgcataat acaatataga caaatttcta
    aagtccacaa aaattcctag agctcataat
    8821 gaatccagaa atgcgtcagg gctcaagatt
    cagatgcaaa aatcgtctgg gttttgatgc
    8881 accaacaaac aattccatta acaataatac
    caaggaatta atttaactta gaagagaaaa
    8941 gacctgttta cagagagtta taaaacattt
    ggtgatgaaa ttaaataaga gtaaatcata
    9001 tagaaacacc gttcgtgttt tggagaccta
    atgtcataaa cgtggcaaca cagagacgcc
    9061 tcacggggaa ccctgagcct ccttctccaa
    acaggcctgc tcatcatttc acaggtaacc
    9121 tgagacccta aagcttgact ctgaggcact
    ttgagggcat gaagagagca gtagctcctc
    9181 ccatgggacc gacagtcaag gcccagggaa
    tgaccacctg gacagatgac ttcccggcct
    9241 catcagcagt cggtgcagag tggccaccag
    ggggcagcag agagtcgctc aacactgcac
    9301 ctggagatga ggcaacctgg gcatcaggtg
    cccatgcagg ggctggatac ccacacctca
    9361 cacctgagga caggggccgg ctttctgtgg
    tgtcgccctc tcaggatgca cagactccac
    9421 cctcttcgct tgcattgaca gcctctgtcc
    ttcctggagg acaagctcca ccttccccat
    9481 ctctccccag ggggctgggg ccaacagtgt
    tctctcttgt ccactccagg aacacagagc
    9541 caagagattt atttgtctta attagaaaaa
    ctatttgtat tcctgcattt ccccagtaac
    9601 tgaaggcaac tttaaaaaat gtatttcctg
    gacttccctg gtgggccagt ggctagactc
    9661 tgagctccca gtgcatgggg cctgggttca
    atccctgctc aggaaactac atcccacagg
    9721 ctgcaaataa gatcctgcat gccacccgat
    gcaggcaaag aaacaagtgt tcggtatgca
    9781 tgtatttcac gtgaggtgtt tctataattt
    acagccagta ttctgtctta cacttagtca
    9841 ttcctttgag cacatgatcg gtcgatggcc
    cagaccacac acaggaatac tgaggcccag
    9901 cacccaccgg ctgcccagaa cctcatggcc
    aagggtggac acttacagga cctcagggga
    9961 cctttaagaa cgccccgtgc tcttggcagc
    ggagcagtgt taagcatggc tctgtccctc
    10021 gggagctgtg tctgggctgc gtgcatcacc
    tgtggtgtgg gcctggtgag ggtcaccgtc
    10081 caggggccct cgagggtcag aagaaccttc
    ccttaaaagt tctagaggtg gagctagaac
    10141 cagacccaca tgtgaactgc acccaaaaac
    agtgaaggat gagacacttc aaagtcctgg
    10201 gtgaaattaa gggccttccc ctgaaccagg
    atggagcaga ggaaggactt ggcttccagg
    10261 aaaccctgac gtctccaccg tgactctggc
    cggggtcatg gcagggccca ggatcctttg
    10321 gtgcaaagga ctcagggttc ctggaaaata
    cagtctccac ctctgagccc tcagtgagaa
    10381 gggcttctct cccaggagtg gggcaaggac
    ccagattggg gtggagctgt ccccccagac
    10441 cctgagacca gcaggtgcag gagcagcccc
    gggctgaggg gagtgtgagg gacgttcccc
    10501 ccgctctcaa ccgctgtagc cctgggctga
    gcctctccga ccacggctgc aggcagcccc
    10561 caccccaccc cccgaccctg gctcggactg
    atttgtatcc ccagcagcaa ggggataaga
    10621 caggcctggg aggagccctg cccagcctgg
    gtttggcgag cagactcagg gcgcctccac
    10681 catggcctgg accccctcct cctcggcctc
    ctggctcact gcacaggtga gccccagggt
    10741 ccacccaccc cagcccagaa ctcggggaca
    ggcctggccc tgactctgag ctcagtggga
    10801 tctgcccgtg agggcaggag gctcctgggg
    ctgctgcagg gtgggcagct ggaggggctg
    10861 aaatccccct ctgtgctcac tgctaggtca
    gccctgaggg ctgtgcctgc cagggaaagg
    10921 ggggtctcct ttactcagag actccatcca
    ccaggcacat gagccggggg tgctgagact
    10981 gacggggagg gtgtccctgg gggccagaga
    atctttggca cttaatctgc atcaggcagg
    11041 gggcttctgt tcctaggttc ttcacgtcca
    gctacctctc ctttcctctc ctgcaggcgc
    11101 tgtgtcctcc tacgagctga ctcagtcacc
    cccggcatcg atgtccccag gacagacggc
    11161 caggatcacg tgttgggggc ccagcgttgg
    aggtganaat gttgagtggc accagcagaa
    11221 gccaggccag gcctgtgcgc tggtctccta
    tggtgacgat aaccgaccca cgggggtccc
    11281 tgaccagttc tctggcgcca actcagggaa
    catggccacc ctgcccatca gcggggcccg
    11341 ggccaaggat gaggccgact attactgtca
    gctgtgggac agcagcagta acaatcctca
    11401 cagtgacaca ggcagacggg aagggagatg
    caaaccccct gcctggcccg cgcggcccag
    11461 cctcctcgga gcagctgcag gtcccgctga
    ggcccggtgc cctctgtgct cagggcctct
    11521 gttcatcttg ctgagcagcg gcaagtgggc
    attggttcca agtcctgggg gcatatcagc
    11581 acccttgagc cagagggtta ggggttaggg
    ttagggttag gctgtcctga gtcctaggac
    11641 agccgtgtcc cctgtccatg ctcagcttct
    ctcaggactg gtgggaagat tccagaacca
    11701 ggcaggaaac cgtcagtcgc ttgtggccgc
    tgagtcaggc agccattctg gtcagcctac
    11761 cggatcgtcc agcactgaga cccggggcct
    ccctggaggg caggaggtgg gactgcagcc
    11821 cggcccccac accgtcaccc caaaccctcg
    gagaaccgcg ctccccagga cgcctgcccc
    11881 tttgcaacct gacatccgaa cattttcatc
    agaacttctg caaaatattc acaccgctcc
    11941 tttatgcaca ttcctcagaa gctaaaagtt
    atcatggctt gctaaccact ctccttaaat
    12001 attcttctct aacgtccatc ttccctgctc
    cttagacgcg ttttcattcc acatgtctta
    12061 ctgcctttgg tctgctcgtg tattttcttt
    tttttttttt ttttattgga atatatttgc
    12121 gttacaatgt tgaatttgaa ttggtttctg
    ttgtacaaca atgtgaatta gttatacatg
    12181 tcctgaggag gggcggctgc gtgggtgcag
    gagggccgag aggagctact ccacgttcaa
    12241 ggtcaggagg ggcggccgtg aggagatacc
    cctcgtccaa ggtaagagaa acccaagtaa
    12301 gacggtaggt gttgcgagag ggcatcagag
    ggcagacaca ctgaaaccat aatcacagaa
    12361 actagccaat gtgatcacac ggaccacagc
    ctggtctaac tcagtgaaac taagccatgc
    12421 ccatggggcc aaccaagatg ggcgggtcat
    gtgcccatgg ggccaaccaa gatgggcggg
    12481 tcatggtgaa gaggtctgat ggaatgtggt
    ccactggaga agggaaaggc aaaccacttc
    12541 agtattcttg ccttgagagc cccatgaaca
    gtatgaaaag gcaaaatgat aggatactga
    12601 aagaggaact ccccaggtca gtaggtgccc
    aatatgctac tggagatcag tggagaaata
    12661 actccagaaa gaatgaaggg atggagccaa
    agcaaaaaca atacccagtt gtggatgtga
    12721 ctggtgatag aagcaagggc caatgatgta
    aagagcaata ttgcatagga acctggaatg
    12781 ttaagtccaa gannnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    12841 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnagaatttt
    12901 gagcattact ttactagcgt gtgagacgag
    tgcaattgtg cggtagtttg agcattcttt
    12961 ggcattgcct ttctttggga ttggaatgaa
    aactgacctg ttccaggcct gtggccactg
    13021 ctgagttttc caaatttgct ggcgtattga
    gtgcatcact ttaacagcat catcttttag
    13081 gatttgaaat agctcaactg gaattctatc
    actttagcta attccattca ttagctttgt
    13141 ttgtagtgat gcttcctaag gcccccctgg
    ctttatcttc ctggatgtct ggctctggtg
    13201 agtgatcaca ccgctgtgat tatctgggtc
    atgaaggtct ttttgtatag ttcttcttag
    13261 gaacagatat tatgatctcc atccttgcat
    ctcgttatat ctagagaagc actgactccc
    13321 ttcatggtga cgtcagatcc tcatgactaa
    caaatggcct tttgtaagat gagtgcctca
    13381 tggtattgag ctcccccgtc accaagacct
    tatgactgac ctcccccact gccccaggtg
    13441 cctctcgaag cgtctgagat gccgcctccc
    aggctgcact cctcattttg cccccaataa
    13501 aacttaactt gcagctctcc agctgtgcat
    ctgtgtttag ttgacagtac aaatataatg
    13561 gaaaatttaa attaaatata atctatgggg
    agaaatccaa acatcttatg agggagagag
    13621 agggagagaa aggaaagaag aagaagcagg
    aggaggagga gagtagagaa acagggggag
    13681 ggcggcaggg agacagaggg gaggacaccg
    aggggaaagg gaggaaggcg agtgcagtga
    13741 gagagaggcc agagttcatc agagtctgga
    ctcgcagccc aatcccacgg gtgtgtcccg
    13801 aagcagggga gagcctgagc caggcggaga
    cagagctgtg tctccagtcc tcgtggccgt
    13861 gacctggagc tgtgtggtca gcccccctga
    ccccagcctg gccctgctgg tggtcggagg
    13921 cagtgatcct ggacacagtg tctgagcgtc
    tgtctgaaat ccctgtggag gcgccactca
    13981 ggacggacct cgcctggccc cacctggatc
    tgcaggtcca ggcccgagtg gggcttcctg
    14041 cctggaactg agcagctgga ggggcgtctg
    caccccagca gtggagcggc cccaggggcg
    14101 ctcagagctg ccggggggac acagagcttg
    tctgagaccc agggctcgtc tccgaggggt
    14161 cccctaaggt gtcttctggc cagggtcaga
    gccgggatga gcacaggtct gagtcagact
    14221 ttcagagctg gtggctgcat ccctggggac
    agagggctgg gtcctaacct gggggtcaga
    14281 gggcaggacg ggagcccagc tgacccctgg
    ggactggcct cctctgtggt ctcccctggg
    14341 cagtcacagc ttccccggac gtggactctg
    aggaggacag ctggggcctg gctgtcagga
    14401 gggggttcga gaggccacac tcagaggagg
    agaccctggc ctgcttgggt tgtgactgag
    14461 tttttggggt cctctaggag actctggccc
    tgcaggccct gcaaggtcat ctctagtgga
    14521 gcaggactcc acaagattga tgaactgaat
    cctctaggag aggtgtggtt gtgagggggc
    14581 agcattctag aaccaacagc gtgtgcaggt
    agctggcacc gggtctagtg gcggcgggca
    14641 gggcactcag ggccgactag gggtctgggg
    gattcaatgg tgcccacagc actgggtctt
    14701 ccatcagaat cccagacttc acaaggcagt
    ttcggggatt aggtcaggac gtgagggcca
    14761 cagagaggtg gtgatggcct agacaagtcc
    ttcacagaga gagctccagg ggccatgata
    14821 agatggatgg gtctgtattg tcagtttccc
    cacatcaaca ccgtggtccc gccagcccat
    14881 aatgctctgt ggatgcccct gtgcagagcc
    tacctggagg cccgggaggc ggggccgcct
    14941 gggggctcag ctccggggta accgggccag
    gcctgtccct gctgtgtcca cagtcctccc
    15001 ggggttggag gagagtgtga gcaggacagg
    agggtttgtg tctcacttcc ctggctgtct
    15061 gtgtcactgg gaacattgta actgccactg
    gcccacgaca gacagtaata gtcggcttca
    15121 tcctcggcac ggaccccact gatggtcaag
    atggctgttt tgccggagct ggagccagag
    15181 aactggtcag ggatccctga gcgccgctta
    ctgtctttat aaatgaccag cttaggggcc
    15241 tggcccggct tctgctggta ccactgagta
    tattgttcat ccagcagctc ccccgagcag
    15301 gtgatcttgg ccgtctgtcc caaggccact
    gacactgaag tcaactgtgt cagttcatag
    15361 gagaccacgg agcctggaag agaggaggga
    gaggggatga gaaggaagga ctccttcccc
    15421 aagtgagaag ggcgcctccc ctgaggttgt
    gtctgggctg agctctgggt ttgaggcagg
    15481 ctcagtcctg agtgctgggg gaccagggcc
    ggggtgcagt gctggggggc cgcacctgtg
    15541 cagagagtga ggaggggcag caggagaggg
    gtccaggcca tggtggacgt gccccgagct
    15601 ctgcctctga gcccccagca gtgctgggct
    ctctgagacc ctttattccc tctcagagct
    15661 ttgcaggggc cagtgagggt ttgggtttat
    gcaaattcac cccccggggg cccctcactc
    15721 agaggcgggg tcaccacacc atcagccctg
    tctgtcccca gcttcctcct cggcttctca
    15781 cgtctgcaca tcagacttgt cctcagggac
    tgaggtcact gtcaccttcc ctgtgtctga
    15841 ccacatgacc actgtcccaa gcccccctgc
    ctgtggtcct gggctcccca gtggggcggt
    15901 cagcttggca gcgtcctggc cgtggactgc
    ggcatggtgt cctggggttc actgtgtatg
    15961 tgaccctcag aggtggtcac tagttctgag
    gggatggcct gtccagtcct gacttcctgc
    16021 caagcgctgc tccctggaca cctgtggacg
    cacagggctg gttcccctga agccccgctt
    16081 gggcagccca gcctctgacc tgctgctcct
    ggccgcgctc tgctgccccc tgctggctac
    16141 cccatgtgct gcctctagca gagctgtgat
    ttctcagcat aactgattac tgtctccagt
    16201 actttcatgt ccctgtgacg ggctgagtta
    gcatttctca cactagagaa ccacagtcct
    16261 cctgtgtaaa gtgatcacac tcctctctgt
    gggacttttg taaaagattc tgcagccagg
    16321 agtcatgggt ggtcttagct gagaaatgct
    ggatcagaga gacctgataa ccgatgtgaa
    16381 gaggggaacc tggaagatct tcagttcagt
    tcatttcagt cattcagttg tgtccgactg
    16441 tttgggatcc catggactgc cacacgccag
    tcctccctgt ccatcaccaa cttctgaagc
    16501 ttgttcaaac tcatgtccat caagttggag
    atgcctttca accatctcat cctctgtcat
    16561 ccccttctcc tcccgccttc aatcttccct
    agcattaggg tcttttccgt gagtcagttc
    16621 ttcgcatcag gtggccaagt tttggagttt
    cagtttcagc atcagtcctt tcaatgaata
    16681 gtaaggactg atttccttta ggatggactg
    gtttgatatc cttgcagttc aagggactct
    16741 caagagtctt ctccaacact gcagttaaaa
    gccatcaatt cttcggtgct cagctttctt
    16801 tttggtacaa ctctcacatt catacatgac
    taccgaaaat acattagtcg tgtagaacca
    16861 gtttggggct tcccacgtgg ctctagtggt
    aaagaatatg cctgccaact cagaagatgt
    16921 aagagatgcg gttcaatctc tgggtcggga
    agatcccctg gagaagggca tgacaaccca
    16981 ctccagtatt tttgcctgga gaatcccatg
    gacagagaag cctggtggac tgcagtccat
    17041 ggagtctcac agagtcagac acgactgaag
    caacttagct acttggaaaa gagcatgcac
    17101 gaagctgtct aaaaaacagg tcaagaagtc
    ttgtgttttg aaggtttact gagaaagttg
    17161 atgcactgct ccaacacttc ctctcagttg
    aaaagatcag aagcgttaga tcaaatggtg
    17221 gtcaatacct tggatgcgct ccaacaggtt
    atatctgcag atggaaatga aggcagttta
    17281 tggggtaact ggaggacaag atgagatcat
    acacttggaa cactgtctgg catcaaaggc
    17341 gtgtacagta aacattagct gttattagca
    aaataaattc agcttgaatc acccaaatca
    17401 gatggcattc ttaaagccac tgagtggtaa
    aatcaggggt gtgcagccaa aacgtccatt
    17461 ttgactcatt atgatttcca tgtcacaaga
    ctagaaagtc actttctcct cagcagaaga
    17521 gaaggtagaa cattttaacc tttttttgga
    gtgtcaaggg aattttgttt acactgtaaa
    17581 gtcagtgaaa atattgaagc ttttcatttg
    tggaaaatat taaatatgta aaattgaaat
    17641 tttaaaattt attcctgggt agttttgttt
    ttccagtagt catgcatgga tgtgagagtt
    17701 ggactataaa gaaagctgag cgctgaagaa
    ttaatgcttt tgaactgtgg cactggagaa
    17761 gactcttgag agtcccttgg tctgcaagga
    gatcaaacca gtccatccta aaggaaatca
    17821 gtcctgaata ttcactggaa ggactgatgc
    tgaagctgaa actccaatac tttggccacc
    17881 tgatgtgaag aactgactca tatgaaaaga
    ctcagatgct gggaaagatt gaaggtggga
    17941 ggagaagggg acgacagagg atgagatggc
    tgaatggcat caccgactcg atggacatga
    18001 gtctgaataa gctctgggag ttgttgatgg
    acagggaggc cctggagtgc tgcagtccat
    18061 gggattgcaa agagttggac atgactgagt
    gactgaactg aactgagttt ggtaacagat
    18121 atgagaatta tataatttaa atctaaactc
    ttggtatttc tttctttggc ggttccaaaa
    18181 gagctgtccc ttctgttaac tatataaatc
    ctttttgaga attactaaat tgataatgtt
    18241 cacaagttat ccaatttctc attactctta
    gttgtcagta taagaaatcc catttgattt
    18301 atcatgttat agtatctgca actctaatag
    ttcagttctg acaaattttt attttattta
    18361 aaaatattgg catacagtaa aatttcaaac
    aatatacaat tctccctttc agtttaaaaa
    18421 acaaaacaaa acaaaagtaa tattagttaa
    aaaaatccgg gaagaatcca agcatttaaa
    18481 attgcatcac atttctatgc tagacaagct
    gatataaagt tataattaat aaaggattgg
    18541 actattaaac tctttacata tgaggtaaca
    tggctctcta gcaaaacatt taaaaatatg
    18601 ttgtgggtaa attattgttg tccttaaaga
    aataaaaaga cataagcgta agcaattggn
    18661 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    18721 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnna aaatggataa ggggggagga
    18781 catgggtagg ggagcgcgat ggaggaagta
    aggtggtcga gggagttggg gggggaataa
    18841 gtgggtaaaa gggaagcggg cggaaggagg
    gggaagcagg agagaggggt gggcgtcaga
    18901 tcggggggag gggtatgagg gagagggaat
    ggtagacggg gggtgggaag cataaaggaa
    18961 aagatagggg ggggaaaagt tagaagaaga
    atgaggggat aggcggaaag ggaagagaaa
    19021 tgggagaaga acagaaaaat agggggaggg
    ggggcgtaaa gagggggggg gagggcaggt
    19081 gtggagatga cagatacggg gaatgccccg
    gtataaaaga gtatatggcg tggggcgaga
    19141 aggctgtcat cctgtgggag gggggacgcg
    gagaaccctt cgggctatag ggaggattcg
    19201 gggggatcgt tcgggaaggc agtcagcaca
    gcacccacca agggtgcagg gatggatctg
    19261 gggtcccaaa gaagaggccc aatcccgcgt
    cttggcagca aggagccctg gagactggga
    19321 agtgtccagg acactgaccc aggggttcga
    ggaacccaga agtgtgtctg tgaagatgtg
    19381 ttttgtgggg ggacaggtcc agagctttga
    gcagaaaagc ggccatggcc tgtggagggc
    19441 caaccacgct gatctttttt aaaaggtttt
    tgttttgatg tggaccattt ttaaagtctt
    19501 cattgaattt gctacaatat tgtttctggt
    ttatgctctg gtttcttcgg ctgcaaggtt
    19561 tgtgtgatcg tatctcctca accaggactg
    aacccacagc ccctgcactg gaaggcgaag
    19621 tcttaaccca gatcgccagg aacgtccctc
    ccctcactga tctaatccaa gaccctcatt
    19681 aaggaaaaac cgagattcaa agctccccca
    ggaggactcg gtggggagga gagagccaag
    19741 cactcagcac tcagtccagc acggcgccct
    ccctgtccag ggcgagggct cggccgaagg
    19801 accaccggag accctgtcgg attcaccagt
    aggattgtga ggaatttcaa cttacttttt
    19861 aaatctgtct ctcaaggctg ttacaagcgg
    actttaccag taacttaaaa gttgaaaggg
    19921 acttcccagg cggcacttgc ggtgaagaac
    ccgccggctg gttttaggag acataagaga
    19981 tgtgggttag atccctggtt caggaggatt
    cccctggaga aggaaatggc aacccactcc
    20041 agtattcttg cctggaaagc ctcacggaca
    gaggaggctg gcgggctaca gtccacgggg
    20101 tcgcacacga ctgaatcgac ttagcttcaa
    gttgagacag gaagaggcag tgactggtgg
    20161 caaaacaccg cacccatgct cccaggggac
    ctgcagcgct ctggttcatg agctgtgcta
    20221 acaaaaatca acccaacgag aggcccagac
    agagggaagc tgagttcatc aaacacgggc
    20281 atgatgtgga ggagataatc caggaaggga
    cctgccaagc ccatgacaga ccggtgtcct
    20341 gtctgagggc cgtcctggca gagcagtgca
    gggccctccg agaccgcccg agctccagac
    20401 ccggctgggg gctacagggt ggggctgagc
    tgcaaggact ctgctgtgag ccccacgtca
    20461 gggaggatca ccttgtttgt tttctgagtt
    tctcttaaaa tagcctttat gggtcctggt
    20521 ctttggtttt aaaataacaa ctgttctccg
    taaacaacgt gaaaaaaaac aaacaggagg
    20581 aaaacaacgc agcccgggca tttcacccgg
    aagagccgcc tctaacactt tgacgggttg
    20641 ccttctattt taaccctgtt ttcattgtaa
    actgtaaaaa ccacatcata aataaattaa
    20701 aggtctctgt gaagtttaaa aagtaagcat
    ggcggtggcg atggctgtgc cacaccgtga
    20761 acgctcgttt caaaacggta aattctaggg
    accccctggt ggtccagtgg gtgagatttt
    20821 gcttccattg caggagccgt gggtttgatc
    cctggttggg gaactaagat cccacatgct
    20881 gtatggagtg gccaaaaaga attttttgta
    aatggtgagt tttaggtgac gtgaatttcc
    20941 cattgatgca cttcacaggc tcagatgcag
    ccaggccctc aggaagcccg agtccaccgg
    21001 tcctttactt ttccttagag ttttatggct
    tctgtttctg cccttaaacc caccatgttt
    21061 caacctcatc tgattttgga ctttataata
    aagttaggct gtgtttcagg aaactttgct
    21121 cagtattctg taataatcta aatggaaaga
    atttgaaaaa agagcagaca cttgtacatg
    21181 cataactgaa tcactttggt gtacacctga
    aactcgagtg cagccgctca gtcgtgtccg
    21241 accctgcgac cccacggact gcagcacgcg
    ggcttccctg cccatcacca actcccggag
    21301 ttcactcaaa cacatgtccg tcgactcggt
    gatgccgtcc aaccgtctca tcctctgtcg
    21361 tccccttctc ctcccgcctt caatcttttc
    cagcatcagg gtcttttcaa atgagtcagt
    21421 tcttcacacc aggtggccag agtattggag
    tttcagcttc agcatcagcc cttccaacga
    21481 ccccccatac ctgaagctaa cacagtgcta
    atccactgtg ctgcaacatg aaagaaaaac
    21541 acatttttta agtttaggct gtgtgtgtct
    tccttctctc aacactgcgt ctgaccccac
    21601 ccacactgcc cagcactgca ttccccgtgg
    acaggaggcc ccctgcccca cagctgcgtg
    21661 ccggccggtc actgccgagc agacctgccc
    gcccagagtg gggcccctgg cactggggac
    21721 aaggcagggg cctctccagg gccggtcact
    gtccactgtt cctactggtt ttgttttcaa
    21781 aagtggaggc agcgtaatat ttccctgatt
    ataaaaagaa gtacacaggt tctccacaaa
    21841 taaaacaggg gaaaagtata aagaatggaa
    gttcccagca cagcctggag atcacgccgg
    21901 gtgcacctgg ggtgtccttc caggctggac
    ctcacatttc acgcagacat cagaaggctg
    21961 cgagatctac ccagaaggct gggtagatgg
    gggataggtc agtgacaaac agtagacaga
    22021 gagatataca gacagatgat ggatagacag
    acgctaagac accgagcgag gggacagacg
    22081 gatggaagac accatccttt gtcactgacc
    acacacccac atgggtgtgg tgagccggct
    22141 gtcatacttg tgaacctgct gctctcacaa
    caccagctgg gtccctccag ccccagcgtc
    22201 ccacacagca gactcccggc tccatcccca
    ggcaggaatc ccaccaccaa ctggggtgga
    22261 ccctccccgc aggaaggtcg tgctgtctaa
    ggccttgaga gcaagttaca gacctacttc
    22321 tgggaagaca gcgcacaacc gcctaccccg
    cagagcccag gaggacccct gagtcctagg
    22381 gaagggacca cgcggcctgg acggggagcg
    gccccaggac gctgccccca acctgtccca
    22441 cctcactcct gctctgctct gaggcggggc
    gcagagaggg gccctgaggc ctcttcccag
    22501 ttcttgggag cacccactgg gcctgaacca
    ggccagaagc cccctcctca aggtgtcccc
    22561 agaccactcc cctccacctc cggttgctct
    gtctcctggc agcagggagc cccagtgaga
    22621 agagacagct ccaggctgtg atcttggccc
    ctggctgctc tggcagtgtg gggggtgggg
    22681 gtcgctggga ggccatgagt gctgggggtc
    ggggctgtga aagcacctcg aggtcagtgg
    22741 gctgttggtc gggctctgcg aggtccgcac
    gggtagagct gtgccaggac acaggaggcc
    22801 tggtcagtgg tcccaagagt cagggccaaa
    ggaaggggtt cgggcccctc tggttcctca
    22861 gcttctgagg ccggggaccc cagtctggcc
    ttggtagggg ggcgattgga gggtacaacg
    22921 atccaaaaga aaacacacat ctacgaggga
    agagtcctga ggaggagaga gctacacaga
    22981 gggtctgcac actgcggaca ctgcttggag
    tctgagagct cgagtgcggg gcacagtgag
    23041 cgaagggagg acggaacctc caaggacacc
    ggacgccgat ggccagagac acacgcacgt
    23101 cccatgaggg ccggctgctc agacgcaggg
    gagctcctca ttaaggcctc tcgctgaata
    23161 gtgaggagaa ctggccccgt gtgtggggaa
    acttagccca gaagaaacgc tgccctggcc
    23221 ccaaggatca nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    23281 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn tgccctttgc
    23341 ctccagggag ggaggaagcg tggatcttgg
    gtttgccttg ggtttaaagg atccacccac
    23401 tcccttttta gccactccct gtgctggcaa
    tttcttaaga ctggaggtcg caaagagttg
    23461 gacacactga gcgagtgaac tgcactgagc
    ctaagaaaag tctttgaatt cctccaaaca
    23521 aaacacactt gtcttgggta ctttccttgg
    ttttgttaca aatgtctggt ccctctgttc
    23581 tcctggccag ctcctgggtg tcattttgac
    ctgacgaagt caaagggagc ctggaccctc
    23641 aaaatctgta ggacccagca cccctccatt
    acacctctgt tcccccgcga acgggcacgt
    23701 gtttcgccgt ctggcgtaat gtgtaagcga
    cggtgtgata ctcgggagtc ttactctgtt
    23761 tctttttctt ctggggtgac accaccatcc
    gcacgactct gtctgaatgt gaacatttgg
    23821 gtgatttgat gtggcccaga ctcccccaac
    gaatgtacct tcaggttggt tttcttcttt
    23881 tatattttgc ttttgtgaat agacacagga
    tcccatcagt tgtatgtagt gagaaagtaa
    23941 aaacccactc agccttagct ggatggagat
    ctagtagtaa gatagcacgt tagccggaaa
    24001 tggaaatttc agccagaatc tgaaaagcgt
    gtcctggaag gagaagaggg actcaggccc
    24061 gagcacactg ctccacgctg gagcctcagg
    ctctgacagc tgtacctgcc ggggtcttca
    24121 tgggacaggc catgcaggcc acgatcccgt
    tgagaagttt cttgcctttc catcacattg
    24181 gcaattgcac gctttgctct tgcttctaca
    tggagtttta cttttatccc agacagtttg
    24241 gtttcttctc tgattttcgc caattgtaca
    gatcgttaca gtatttctta accacataga
    24301 attcggcagg gggggtgggg ggacagggta
    gggtggggtg agagtgaggg gagggggctg
    24361 caccgagcag catctggggt cgtagctccc
    tgacggggat agacctcgtg cccctgcagt
    24421 gacagcacag agtcctcctc tctgaactgc
    cagggacgct cctgcaattg acttaatgaa
    24481 aggcatctaa ttaggaattt tggggtgaca
    ttttacattt aagtgtgtga gcagtgatta
    24541 tagttcatat cattttatag tttcgtgatt
    ttactagctt aaagggtttt tggggtttct
    24601 ttttgtttta aaagctaaaa tctgtttttt
    aattccatgg aatacaaaaa aaaaaagtct
    24661 gtagaatatt ttaaagagtg aaggctttgt
    tcggaatgtg agcgctttgc tccactgaac
    24721 cgaacggtaa taacatttgt agaagagacg
    cagagtgaaa ggtacctctt tttattgagt
    24781 gacatgacag cacccatcgc gtgagttatt
    ggctggagtt tagagacagg ccatgttggg
    24841 ctaaactcct tattgctgtt ctcagccttt
    gagtaataat cagaagcttt ctctgaagag
    24901 agtggggtca gctgtcagac tcctaggtgt
    ctacctgcag cagggctggg attaaatgca
    24961 gcagccagta gatacgggat ggggcaagag
    gtcaccttgt ccctttgttg ctgctgggag
    25021 agaggcttgt cctggtgcca gtggggccaa
    agctgtgact ttgtgaccac aggatgtctc
    25081 tgaccctgcc ttgggttccc tgagggtgga
    gggacagcag ggtctccccg gttccttggc
    25141 cggagaagga ccccccaccc cttgctctct
    gacatccccc caggacttgc cccggagtag
    25201 gttcttcagg atgggcatcc gggccccacc
    ctgactcctg gagctggccg gctagagctt
    25261 gctgcagaat gaggccttgg ccattgcggc
    cctgaaggag ctgcccgtca agctcttccc
    25321 gaggctgttt acggcggcct ttgccaggag
    gcacacccat gccgtgaagg cgatggtgca
    25381 ggcctggccc ttcccctacc tcccgatggg
    ggccctgatg aaggactacc agcctcatct
    25441 ggagaccttc caggctgtac ttgatggcct
    ggacctcctg cttgctgagg aggtccgccg
    25501 taggtaaggt cgacctggca gactggtggg
    gcctggggtg tgagcaagat gcagccaggc
    25561 caggaagatg aggggtcacc tgggaacagg
    cgttgggtgt acaggactgg ttgaggctca
    25621 gaggggacaa aaggcacgtg ggcctccccc
    ccagtgtccc ttaaagtggg aaccaagggg
    25681 gccccggaag ccggaggagc tgtggtgtgt
    ggagtgcaga gccctcgcgg ggtcctgatg
    25741 cccgtcggac tctgcacagc tcagcgtgtg
    ccccgcggcc cggtaggcgg tggaagctgc
    25801 aggtgctgga cttgcgccgg aacgcccacc
    agggacttct ggaccttgtg gtccggcatc
    25861 aaggccagcg tgtgctcact gctggagccc
    gagtcagccc agcccatgca gaagaggagc
    25921 agggtagagg gttccagggg tgggggctga
    agcctgtgcc gggccctttg gaggtgctgg
    25981 tcgacctgtg cctcaaggag gacacgctgg
    acgagaccct ctgctacctg ctgaagaagg
    26041 ccaagcagag gaggagcctg ctgcacctgc
    gctgccagaa gctgaggatc ttcgccatgc
    26101 ccatgcagag catcaggagg atcctgaggc
    tggtgcagct ggactccatc caggacctgg
    26161 aggtgaactg cacctggaag ctggctgggc
    cggatgggca acctgcgcgg ctgctgctgt
    26221 cgtgcatgcg cctgttgccg cgcaccgccc
    ccgaccggga ggagcactgc gttggccagc
    26281 tcaccgccca gttcctgagc ctgccccacc
    tgcaggagct ctacctggac tccatctcct
    26341 tcctcaaggg cccgctgcac caggtgctca
    ggtgaggcgt ggcgccagct ccaaagacca
    26401 gagcaggcct ctcttgtttc gtgcccgctg
    gggacattgc cagggtgccc ggccactcgg
    26461 aagtcctcac gatgccaccg ctctgaccct
    gggcatcttg tcaggtcact tccctggtta
    26521 gggtcagagg cgtggcctag gttaaatgct
    gtcaaagggg actcctttct gggagtccgc
    26581 atagtggggg cttggtgtga tgcccttggg
    aattctttcc gagagagtga tgtcttagct
    26641 gagataatga cagataacta agcgagaagg
    acggtccatc aggtgtgagg tttgaagtcc
    26701 aaagctctgt ctctccctcc cacctgcccc
    ttctgtcctg agctgtttta ggctccaggt
    26761 gagctgtggg aagtgggtga ttctggagat
    gacaagaagg gatcaggagg ggaaaattgt
    26821 ggctcctaag cagtccagag aagagaaaaa
    gtcaaataag cattattgtt aaagtggctc
    26881 cagtctcttt aagtccaaat tataattata
    attttcctct aagacttctg aatacatagg
    26941 aaatcctcag taacaggtta ttgctctgcc
    ttgaacacag tgataaaagc tgggaggatg
    27001 cagcctaatc tgtctgtgtg aatgagttgt
    attgattccc tttttggcag ctgcaaactc
    27061 caagcattag gaataaatat gttcactgag
    aaccccgaag aaagaaagaa agaaaaaaaa
    27121 aaagaattgt aggtgttgat ggacggtttg
    tggcccctga atatctgggg gatgttcacc
    27181 cagggatcac gtgtaactgc tgggaccccc
    agccccatgt ccactgcatc cagcctgctg
    27241 ttgaattccg cggatcnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    27301 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnncaat
    27361 tcgagctcgg taccccaaag gtccgtctag
    tcaaggctat ggtttttcca gtggtcatgt
    27421 atggatgtga gagttggact gtgaagaaag
    ctgagtgcca aagaattatt cttttgtact
    27481 gggtgttgga gaagactctt gagagtccct
    tgaactgcaa ggagatccaa ccagtccgtt
    27541 ctaaaggaga tcagtcctga atgttcattg
    gaaggactga tgctgaagct gaaactccaa
    27601 tactttggcc acctgacgtg aagagttgac
    tcattggaaa agaccatgat gctgagagga
    27661 attgggggca ggaggagaag gggacgacag
    aggatgagat ggctggatgg catcaccaac
    27721 tcgatgngac atgagtttgg ttaaactcca
    ggagttggtg atggacttgg aggcctggtg
    27781 tgctgggatt catggggtcg cagagtcgga
    catgactgag cgactgaact gaactgaact
    27841 gagctgaaga gctcacctgt accagagctc
    ctcaggtcct cctgcaggcc tggctgtaat
    27901 ggcccccagg tcaccgtcct gcctccttca
    tcccatcctt tcacgacagg ctgggagtgg
    27961 ggtgaggtga gttgtcttgt atctagaatt
    tctgcatgcg accctcagag tgcaatttag
    28021 ctccagagaa ctgagctcca agagttcatt
    ttttcctttt cttctttatg atactaccct
    28081 cttctgagca gagacctcat gtcagggaga
    aggggactct gccttcctca gccttttgtt
    28141 cctccaagac ccacacgggg agggtcgcct
    gcttcactga gccggaaggt tcaattgctc
    28201 atgtcctcca gaaacacccc cccccccaga
    gacccccaga aataagtgga acagcacctt
    28261 gtttcccaga caagtgggac acacgttatg
    aaccacctca gtgattaaaa tagtaacctc
    28321 tgtgtatgtg tatttactgg agaaggaaac
    ggcaacctac tccactattc ctgcctagaa
    28381 aattccatgg gagagaagcc aggcaggcta
    cagtccacgg ggtcacagag actgaacata
    28441 cacaagcaca tggaagtgta ttttgcagta
    tttttaaatt tgttcagttc aacatggagt
    28501 acaagaattc aaatcgtgaa gtcaattgac
    caagaaacca gaagaaatca ctgtgttgtg
    28561 atctctgtgg aggtaacatg ggtacctgtg
    ctctgaccct cacagcctct ggctctctct
    28621 ctacatgtac atacacatat atttccatgt
    atgtatgtat tcggaagatt tcacatacgt
    28681 ctcaccagtc cacagccccc gcgttccctg
    atgcccagaa catctgtgat agctgtgagt
    28741 attgtcacca gataagatct tccaggttcc
    tgcactcaca ttggttatca ggtctctctg
    28801 atccagcatt tctcagctaa gattccttgt
    gactcctggc tgcagaatct tctgcaaaag
    28861 tcccacagag aggagtgtga tcactgtaca
    caggagggcc gtggttctct agtgtgagaa
    28921 aagctaactc agcccgtcac agggacgtga
    atgtacctga gacagtaatc agttatgctg
    28981 agaaatcaca gctctgctag aggcagcaca
    tggggtagcc agcagggggc agcagagcac
    29041 ggccaggagc cgcaggtcag aggctgggct
    gcccaagcgg ggcttcaggg gaaccagccc
    29101 tgcgggtcca caggtgtcca gggagcagcg
    cttggcagga agtcaggacc ggacaggcca
    29161 tcccctcagg actagtgacc acctctgagg
    gtcacatcca cagtgaaccc cagagcacca
    29221 tgcctcagtc cacggccagg acgctgccag
    gctgaccgcc ccactgggga gtccagggga
    29281 gaccacaggc cggggggctt gggacagtga
    tcatgtggtc agacacagag aaggtgacag
    29341 tgacctcagt ccctgaggac aagtctgatg
    tgcagacgtg agaagccgag gaggaagctg
    29401 gggacagaca gggctgatgg tgtggtgacc
    ccgcctctca gtgaggggcc cccgggggtg
    29461 aatttgcata aacccaagcc ctcactgccc
    ccacaaagct ctgagaggga ataaaggggc
    29521 tcggagagcc cagcactgct gcgggctcag
    aggcagagct cggggcgcgt ccaccatggc
    29581 ctgggcccct ctcgtactgc ccctcctcac
    tctctgcgca ggtgcggccc cccagcctcg
    29641 gtccccaagt gaccaggcct caggctggcc
    tgtcagctca gcacaggggc tgctgcaggg
    29701 aatcggggcc gctgggagga gacgctcttc
    ccacactccc cttcctctcc tctcttctag
    29761 gtcacctggc ttcttctcag ctgactcagc
    cgcctgcggt gtccgtgtcc ttgggacaga
    29821 cggccagcat cacctgccag ggagacgact
    tagaaagcta ttatgctcac tggtaccagc
    29881 agaagccaag ccaggccccc tgtgctggtc
    atttatgagt ctagtgagag accctcaggg
    29941 atccctgacc ggttctctgg ctccagctca
    gggaacacgg ccaccctgac catcagcggg
    30001 gcccagactg aggacgaggc cgactattac
    tgtcagtcat atgacagcag cggtgatcct
    30061 cacagtgaca cagacagacg gggaagtgag
    acacaaacct tccagtcctg ctcacgctct
    30121 cctccagccc cgggaggact gtgggcacag
    cagggacagg cctggcccgg ttcccccgga
    30181 gctgagcccc caggcggccc cgcctcccgg
    ccctccaggc aggctctgca caggggcgtt
    30241 agcagtggac gatgggctgg caggccctgc
    tgtgtcgggg tctgggctgt ggagtgacct
    30301 ggagaacgga ggcctggatg aggactaaca
    gagggacaga gactcagtgc taatggcccc
    30361 tgggtgtcca tgtgatgctg gctggaccct
    cagcagccaa aatctcctgg attgacccca
    30421 gaacttccca gatccagatc cacgtggctt
    tagaaaggct taggaggtga acaagtgggg
    30481 tgagggctac catggtgacc tggaccagaa
    ctcctgagac ccatggcacc ccactccagt
    30541 actcttccct ggaaaatccc atggacggag
    gagcctggaa ggcttcagcc catggggtcg
    30601 ctaagagtca gacacgactg agcgacgtca
    ctttcccttt tcactttcat gcattggaga
    30661 aggaaatggc aacccagtcc agtgttcctg
    cctggaaaat cccagggaca ggggagcctg
    30721 gtgggctgcc atccatgggg ccacacagag
    tcagacacga ctgaagcaac ttagcagcag
    30781 cagcagcagc ccaataaaac tcagcttaag
    taatggcatc taaatggacc ctattgccaa
    30841 ataaggtcca ctcgcgtgca ctctgtttag
    gacttcagtt cctgattgtg gagggttccc
    30901 acaagacgtg tgtgtatatt ggtgttgccg
    gaaaacagtg tcaatgtgag catcccagac
    30961 tcatcaccct cctactccca ctattccatt
    gtctctgcag gtattaagca taaaggttaa
    31021 gggtcttatt agatggaaga ggagtgaata
    ctcgtctgtg cttaacacat accaagtacc
    31081 atcaaggtcc ttcctattta ttaacgtgtg
    ttttaatcag aaatatgcta tgtagaagca
    31141 tccggacgat agcccatgtt acagacgggg
    aagctgaggc atgaagttct cagcaccttg
    31201 tttcacgtca gacctgaaac ggggcagagc
    cggcagcaaa caaggttcct cttcccaagc
    31261 gcccgctctt cacccgcttc ctatggcttc
    tcactgtgct tcctaaacta agctctcccc
    31321 aaccctgtgg agacaggatt agagacttta
    ggagaaaaga ccaggaacat cccacacccg
    31381 acccgagtga gccactaaga caaggctttg
    taaggacaga accagcaggt gtcctcagcg
    31441 agccagggag agacctcgca ccaaaaacaa
    tattgtagca tcctgaccct ggacttctga
    31501 cctccagaaa tgtgaaaaag aaacgtgtgg
    ggtttaatca actcaccggt gttatttggt
    31561 tatgactgcc tgagttaaga aggagttggg
    aacacttgag tgtaggtgtt tatggaacat
    31621 aagtcttgtt tctctgaaat aaattcccaa
    gggtataatt cctaggttgt agggtaactg
    31681 ccacaaatct aggcagctta ttaaaaaaca
    aagatatcac tttgccagca aaggttcata
    31741 tagtcaaatt atggttttta tagtagtcat
    gtatggatgt aaaagttgga tcataaagaa
    31801 ggctgagcac cagagaattg atcccttcaa
    atcgtggtgc tggagaagac tcttgagagt
    31861 cccttggaca gcaaggagat ccaaccagtc
    aatcctaaag gaaatgaact gtgaatattc
    31921 actggaagga ctgatgctga agctgaagat
    ccaatacttt ggccacctga tgcgaagagt
    31981 tgactcattg gaaaagaccc tgatgctgga
    aagcttgagg gcaggaggag aagagggcgg
    32041 cagaggatga gacggttgga tggcatcact
    gactcaatgg acatgagttt gagccaactc
    32101 tgggagacag tgaaggatag ggaaggctgg
    cgtggtacag tgcatgcggt cacaaagagt
    32161 ctgacacatc ttagtgactc aacaacgaca
    gcaacacagg catcacacgc ttagtgtgat
    32221 aagcggcaga actgttttcc aggggtccgn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    32281 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    32341 nnnnnnnnng tacgattcga gctcggaccc
    tgacattgtg agtcacgtca tgagcagctg
    32401 ttttccggtc ttcagggatt gtggacgatt
    tctgtttggg tttgctcatg ataatttagt
    32461 tacagcttag gttctttctt tccaggccac
    gagcgacatg ttttcaggtg agatgacgtg
    32521 gtgggggatg ggcggccaag cccccactgg
    ggggggaggg attctgttgt gggcaggagt
    32581 tggcagcatc cctgaactga tgacctgcga
    tccaggtgac aagaaccggg ggatattatt
    32641 cctctgcctt ctcatgtcat gtcctcggtt
    cttcatgatg aaaacatatg acaatacagg
    32701 ggagttagat ttgggcgggc acaactctgg
    gtgggggacc cggtggcatt gtgcccagca
    32761 gggccatcaa gatgagggcg acctgggtgg
    tccccttctc ccctggggtc ttagttttcc
    32821 cctcatggaa atgggatcag gcagcagcca
    tggaacaccg cgaccgtggc ttctctcacc
    32881 tcctcgtctg tgattttggg tcgggatacc
    aggcatgaag acctggggcg gggggacatc
    32941 actcctctgc agcagggagg ccgcagagtc
    ctccgtccat gaggacttcg tccctgggct
    33001 gaccctgcgg actgctggag gctgaagctg
    gaggcacagg cgggctgcga ggccagggtc
    33061 ctgaggacga cagagccagt ggggctgcag
    ctctgagcag atggcccctc gccccgggcc
    33121 ctgagcttgt gtgtccagct gcaggttcgc
    tcaggtgagc cactacgtta tgggggaggc
    33181 gccctgggca gggatcgggg gtgctgactc
    ctccgagatt ccgaccttct gggagcactc
    33241 tggccacact ctaagcctgg caagagctgg
    gttcatcagt ctaactctcc tcctgaagtc
    33301 caatggactc tctccatgcg gcagtcactg
    gatggcctct ttatccccga tggtgtcctt
    33361 ttccgctgac ctggctctcc tgaccacctc
    ccagcccccc accatacagg aagatggcac
    33421 ctggtccctg cagagctaag tccacccctg
    gcctggcttc agatgcctac agtcctcctg
    33481 cgggaggccc cgctccccac taggccccaa
    gcctgccgtg tgagtctcag tctcacctgg
    33541 aaccctcctc atttctcccc agtcctcagc
    tcccaacccc agaggtatcc cctgcccctt
    33601 tcaaggccct tgtcccttcc tggggggatg
    gggtgtatgg gagggcaagc ctgatccccc
    33661 gagcctgtgc cgctgacaat gtccgtctct
    ggatcatcgc tcccctggct ctcagagctc
    33721 cctggtccct ggggatgggt tgcggtgatg
    acaagtggat ggactctcag gtcacacctg
    33781 tcccttccct aaggaactga cccttaaccc
    cgacactcgg ccagacccag aaagcacttc
    33841 agacatgtcg gctgataaat gagaaggtct
    ttattcagga gaaacaggaa cagggaggga
    33901 ggagaggccc ctggtgtgag gcgacctggg
    taggggctca ggggtccatg gagaggtggg
    33961 ggagggggtg tgggccagag ggcccccgag
    ggtgggggtc cagggcccta agaacacgct
    34021 gaggtcttca ctgtcttcgt cacggtgctc
    ccctcgtgcg tgacctcgca gctgtaactg
    34081 cctttcgatt tccagtcgct gcccgtcagg
    ctcagtagct gctggccgcg tatttgctgt
    34141 tgctctgttt ggaggcccgg gtggtctcca
    cgttgcgggt gatggtgctg ccgtctgcct
    34201 tccaggccac ggtcacgcta cccgggtaga
    agtcgctgat gagacacacc agggtggcct
    34261 tgttggcgct gagctcctcg gtggggggcg
    ggaacagggt gaccgagggt gcggacttgg
    34321 gctgacccgt gtggacagag gagagggtgt
    aagacgccgg ggaggttctg accttgtccc
    34381 cacggtagcc ctgtttgcct tctctgtgcc
    ctccgaccct tgccctcagc ccctgggcgg
    34441 cagacagccc ctcagaagcc attgcaatcc
    actctccaag tgaccagcca aacgtggcct
    34501 cagagtcccc ggctgcgacc agggctgctc
    tcctccgtcc tcctggcccc gggagtctgt
    34561 gtctgctctt ggcactgacc ccttgagccc
    tcagcccctg ccagacccct ccgtgacctt
    34621 ccgctcatgc agcccaggtg cctcctccgt
    gaacccgggt ccccccgccc acctgccagg
    34681 acggtcctga tgggagatgt ggggacaagc
    gtgctagggt catgtgcgga gccgggcccg
    34741 ggcctccctc tcctcgccca gcccagcctc
    agctctcctg gccaaagccc ggggctcctc
    34801 tgaggtcctg cctgtctacc gtccgccctg
    cctgagtgca gggcccctcg cctcacctgc
    34861 cttcagggga cggtgccccc acacagcacc
    tccaaagacc ccgattctgt gggagtcaga
    34921 gccctgttca tatctcctaa gtccaatgct
    cgcttcgagg ccagcggagg ccgaccctcg
    34981 gacaggtgtg acccctgggt cccaggggat
    caggtctccc agactgacga gtttctgccc
    35041 catgggaccc gctcctttct gaccgctgtc
    ctgagatcct ctggtcagct tgccccgtct
    35101 cagctgtgtc cacccggccc ctcagcccag
    agcgggcgag acccctctct ctctgccctc
    35161 cagggccttc cctcaggctg ccctctgtgt
    tcctggggcc tggtcatagc ccccgccgag
    35221 cccccaagct cctgtctggc ctcccggctg
    gggcatggag ctcacagcac agagcccggg
    35281 gcttggagat gcccctagtc agcaccagcc
    tctggcccgc accccagcgt ctgccctgca
    35341 agaggggaac aagtccctgc attcctggac
    caaacaccag ccccggcgcc ccgactggcc
    35401 ccattggacg gtcggccact ggatgctcct
    gctggttacc ccaagaccaa cccgcctccc
    35461 ctcccggccc cacggagaaa ggtggggatc
    ggcccttaag gccgggggga cagagaggaa
    35521 gctgccccca gagcaagaga agtgactttc
    ccgagagagc agagggtgag agaggctggg
    35581 gtagggtgag agccacttac ccaggacggt
    gacccaggtc ccgccgccta agacaaaata
    35641 cagagactaa gtctcggacc aaaacccgcc
    gggacagcgc ctggggcctg tcccccgggg
    35701 gggctgggcc gagcgggaac ctgctgggcg
    tgacgggcgc agggctgcag ccggtggggc
    35761 tgtgtcctcc gctgaggggt gttgtggagc
    cagccttcca gaggccaggg gaccttgtgt
    35821 cctggaggtg ccctgtgccc agccccctgg
    ccgaggcagc agccacacac gcccttgggg
    35881 tcacccagtg ccccctcact cggaggctgt
    cctggccacc actgacgcct tagcgctgag
    35941 ggagacgtgg agcgccgcgt ctgtgcgggg
    cggcagagga gtaccggcct ggcttggacc
    36001 tgcccagccg ctcctggcct cactgtaagg
    cctctgggtg ttccttcccc acagtcctca
    36061 cagtccagcc aggcagcttc cttcctgggg
    ctgtggacac cgggctattc ctcaggcccc
    36121 aagtggggaa ccctgccctt tttctccacc
    cacggagatg cagttcagtt tgttctcttc
    36181 aatgaacatt ctctgctgtc agatcactgt
    ctttctgtac atctgtttgt ccatccatcg
    36241 atccaacatc catccatcca tccatcaccc
    agccatccat ctgtcatcca acatccatcc
    36301 ttccatccat tgtccatcca tctgtccatc
    ttgcatctgt ctgtccaaca gtggccatca
    36361 agcacccgtc tgccaagccc tgtgtcacac
    gctgggactt ggtgggggga gccctcgccc
    36421 tcccaccctc ccatctctcc tgaaacttct
    ggggtcaagt ctaacaaggt cccatcccgt
    36481 ctagtctgag gtccccccgc agcctcctct
    tccactctct ctgcttctga cccacactgt
    36541 gcactcggac gaccacccag ggcccttgca
    tccctgtttc cttcctgacc tctttttttt
    36601 ggctctggat ttatacacat tctgcctcct
    ggaggcgtct cagcttgagt gtcccacaga
    36661 cgcctcagac tcagcatctt ccatcgaaac
    tgctcccagg tccttgcaga cctggtcccc
    36721 cacattgttc tcaattcggt agatttctcc
    acaagccaga ggcctggact catcccataa
    36781 tgcctgcccc tcattgagtc agcctctgtg
    tcctaccata accaaacatc cccttaaaaa
    36841 tctcagaaga acaaaaaaag cacccagatg
    gcactgtcag agtttatgat gacaagaatc
    36901 ctcagttcag ttcagtcact cagtcgtgtc
    cgactctttg cgaccccatg aatcgcagca
    36961 cgccaggcct ccctgtccat caccaactcc
    cggagttcac tcagactcac gtccattgag
    37021 tcagtgatgc catccagcca tctcatcctc
    tctcgtcccc ttctcctcct gcccccaatc
    37081 cctcccagca tcagagtttt ttccaatgag
    tcaactcttc gcgtgaggtg accaaagtac
    37141 tggagtttca gcttcagcat cattccttcc
    aaagaaatcc cagggctgat ctccttcaga
    37201 atggactggt tggatctcct tacagtccaa
    gggactctca agagtcttct ccaacaccac
    37261 agttcaaaag cctcaattct ttggcgctca
    gccttcttca cagtccaact ctcacatcca
    37321 tacatgacca caggaaaaac cataaccttg
    actagatgga cctttgttgg caaagtaatg
    37381 tctctgcttt ttaatatgct atctaggttg
    ctcataactt tccttccaag aagtaagtgt
    37441 cttttaattt catggctgca atcaacatct
    gcagtgattt tggagcccca aaaaataaag
    37501 tctgccactg tttccactgt ttccccatct
    atttcccatg aagtgatggg accagatgcc
    37561 atgatctttg ttttctgaat gttgagcttt
    aagccaactt ttcactctcc actttcactt
    37621 tcatcaagag gctttttagt tcctcttcac
    tttctgccat aagggtggtg tcatctgcat
    37681 atctgaggtt attgatattt ctcctggcaa
    tcttgattcc agtttgtgtt tcttccagtc
    37741 cagtgtttct catgatgtac tctgcatata
    agttaaataa gcagggtgat aatatacagc
    37801 cttgacgtac tccttttcct atttggaacc
    agtctgttgt tccatgtcca gttctaactg
    37861 ttgcttcctg acctgcatac agatttctca
    agaggcaggt caggtggtct ggtattccca
    37921 tctctttcag aattttccac agttgattgt
    gatccacaca gtcaaaggct ttggcatagt
    37981 caataaagca gaaatagatg tttttctgaa
    actctcttgc tttttccatg atccagcaga
    38041 tgttggcaat ttgatctctg gttcctctgc
    cttttctaaa accagcttga acatcaggaa
    38101 gttcacggtt catgtattgc tgaagcctgg
    cttggagaat tttgagcatt cctttgctag
    38161 cgtgtgagat gagtgcaatt gtgcggcagt
    ttgagcattc tttggcattg cctttctttg
    38221 ggattggaat gaaaactgac ctgttccagg
    cctgtggcca ctgttgagtt ttcccaattt
    38281 gctggcatat tgagtgcagc actttcacag
    catcatcttt caggatttga aatcgctcca
    38341 ctggaattcc atcacctcca ctagctttgt
    ttgtagtgat gctctctaag gcccacttga
    38401 cttcacattc caggatgtct ggctctagat
    gagtgatcac accatcgtga ttatctgggt
    38461 cgtgaagatc ttttttgtac agttcttctg
    tgtattcttg ccacctcttc ttaatatctt
    38521 ctgcttctgt taggcccata ccgtttctgt
    cctcgcctat cgagccctcg cctccctacg
    38581 tagagactct aagcaggaag gtgacccgtg
    ctgcactggg tccagcatgc ttttaattca
    38641 gcagtggaac ttctgggtca tgattgtgtt
    taagggatgc gcatacgatt tttgaagcaa
    38701 aatttaacag gacagcagtg taaagtcagt
    acttatttct gattaaagaa agcaaatatc
    38761 cagcctgtta ctaagttaat taactaaaga
    aacatcttca acttaataaa cagtatctcc
    38821 tgaaacttac agcatgcttc acatttaaag
    gcaaaaccat tttagaggcc agggttccca
    38881 cgcttacgtt tattatttaa tatatgctac
    agattcaagc ccatgacaca aaatgggggg
    38941 aagagtgtga gtgttaggaa aaatgagata
    aaattggttt ttgcaggtga tgggctagtt
    39001 tactttaaaa aaaaaaacaa aacaagctca
    agatgaactg aaggactatt agaactggta
    39061 caagagttaa cctgtgatcg aatacaagca
    ggctgggcaa aactcagcag gttttcttct
    39121 atacaggcag taatgattga gaatacgaaa
    cggcggaagc gcttacaacc tcgataacag
    39181 ttctattaaa agccctagga atgaacttaa
    cacggnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    39241 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    39301 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnngctcc ccccaccctc
    ccctcctccc cccccaccac cagtgcccca
    39361 ggtctcgtgc ccagagagct gaagatgcca
    gcaggcccgc tgcctgcctc gctcgcgtgg
    39421 cccgggctcg ctgccggtct gcctgcccag
    cacacagatg cagccccagc tctcgctgcc
    39481 acccgcctcc cccaggcagg actctcccac
    aacaccaagg gcgtctctgg gttcaggatg
    39541 gccctcgttg aggtgtaaag tgcttcccgg
    ggctgagacg aatgggccgg agatccaaac
    39601 gaggccaagg ccgccacggc gcctggcgca
    gggcacccat ggtgcagagc ggcccagctc
    39661 cctccctccc tccctccctc cctgcttctt
    tatgctcccg gctatgtcta tttttactct
    39721 gcaatttaga aatgataccg aaggacaaac
    accgttcccc ctgtgtgtct gctctaaacc
    39781 ctttatctac ttatctatta gcgtgtccaa
    gttttgctgc taagtgaatg aaggaacact
    39841 acccacaagc agcaacgtcc ccacgaccct
    cgcctgttca actgggaatg taaatgtgct
    39901 ttcaaaggac ctaagtttct atgttcaaaa
    ccgttgtgtg tttcttttgg gagtgaacct
    39961 aggccactcg ttgttctgcc tttcaaagca
    ttcttaacaa ctctccagaa cccagggctt
    40021 ggcttacgtt tccagaaatt ccaaagacag
    acacttggaa acctgatgaa gaaggcctgt
    40081 gagcacagca ggggccgggg tacctgaggt
    aggtgggggg ctcggtgctg atggacacgg
    40141 ccttgtactt ctcatcgttg ccgtccagga
    tctcctccac ctcggaggct ttcagcaggg
    40201 tcacgctggt ggccagggtc gtgtatccat
    gatctgcaac cagagacggg gctgcggtca
    40261 gcccgcgggc gggcagcagg caggagcagc
    caggagacgc agcacaccga ggtcctcaca
    40321 tgcaggaggt gggggaagcg gctgtggacc
    tcacgactgc ccgatgtggg cctcttccaa
    40381 agggccggcc tggaccctgg ctttctccag
    aggccctgct gggccgtccg cacaggctcc
    40441 agccacaggg cctcttggga caggagggct
    ccagagtgag ccggccggcg ggaagaggtc
    40501 tgacaccgct gcagtccaca acacgaagcg
    aggtggagat gggatgaggg atgagaaaca
    40561 cttttctttt aaaacaagag cccagagagt
    tggaaagagc tgctgcacac gcaacatgaa
    40621 ctcctggccc cggtgccagc ggcgctggga
    gcccgagttc tcggcaatcc gaccacagct
    40681 tgcctaggga gccgggtgga gacggagggt
    taggggaagg cggctcccca gggagcgcga
    40741 ggcccggggt cgccaaggct cgccaggggc
    aagcgcagct aggggcgcag ggttagtgac
    40801 cggcactgca cccggcgcag gagggccagg
    gaggggctga aaggtcacag cagtgtgtgg
    40861 acaagaggct ccggctcctg cgttaaaaga
    acgcggtgga cagaccacga cagcgccacg
    40921 gacacactca taccggacgg actgcggagt
    gcacgcgcgc gcacacacac acacacacca
    40981 cacacacaca cacacggccc gggacacact
    cataccggac ggactgcgga gtgcacgcgc
    41041 acacacacac ccaccacaca cacacccacc
    acacacacac ccaccacaca cacacacaca
    41101 cacacacacc cccacacaca cccacacaca
    cccacacaca cccacacaca cacacccaca
    41161 cacacacaca cacacacaca cacacacacg
    gcccggtggc cccaggcgca cacagcacgg
    41221 agcaaacatg cacagagcac agagcgagcg
    ctagcggacc ggctgccaga ccaggcgcca
    41281 cgcgatggat tgggggcggg gacggggagg
    ggcgggagca aacggnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    41341 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    41401 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnngtatt
    aaagaagccg ggagcgagaa tatgacggca
    41461 agaggatgta ggtgggggcg gggcaagagt
    aaagagagcg gacggtagag gggatgcgat
    41521 tgtgatgcgg aagcgagacg aggagtgatg
    ccgtattaga ttgatagcaa gaggaacagt
    41581 aggagggggg ggggagagga gggggaggtg
    gggggtggtg ggtgggaagg gaactttaaa
    41641 aaaaagaggg gagagttgga ggggggaata
    aacgggcggt aaaaaagaac aatttgaaat
    41701 taccagggtg gggcggccag gggggtgatt
    cattcttgga gggggcaaca tatggggggt
    41761 ggctgtcgcg gattaggaga aaataaatat
    caggggtgat taagtgtttg gcgttgggga
    41821 ataatgaagt aagaatcaaa tatgaatcgc
    gttggcatcg ttagccatcg ggggaaacat
    41881 ttcccatgca aggaacaagg atgtgagaat
    gcgtccgtct gaaccaccgt cccggggtcc
    41941 cagtaggact cgccgagctg atagttgccg
    gagcaacagt taagggagca gaagctgcta
    42001 caaaaccacc acctgccaaa gtagggtctc
    caattacgga gtgcgcctcc tgggtgtcgg
    42061 tccaaacctt tggaaaggac ctggaaataa
    gtgctaccca ccagatatta atataaaccc
    42121 acctggccag gagaggcagg cgctgctggc
    acaggaagtg tccccagact cagtcatcaa
    42181 ggtaaataat attttgggac ctccctggaa
    atccagtggt taggactctg cggttcaatc
    42241 cctggtcggg gaactaagat cccacaagtc
    acaagacatg gccaaattta aaaaagaaaa
    42301 aaagagagag aaatatttag tgcaataggt
    tttagaattg aaattaagct cctgcccacc
    42361 cccacccccc aatctggatg aataaagcat
    tgaaatagta agtgaagtca ggctctgaca
    42421 tgcactgatg tgactcacct taagcaaccc
    ccaccctagg actggtcggg gttccaggag
    42481 tttcaggggt gccaggaaga tggagtccag
    cccctgccct ctccccccac cacgtcctcc
    42541 actggagccg cctaccccac ctcccacccc
    tccgcaccct gctacccccc acccctgccc
    42601 ccaggtctcc cctgtcctgt gtctgagctc
    cacactttct gggcagtgtc tccctctaca
    42661 gctggtttct gctgcccgct accgggcccg
    tcccctctgt tcagttcagt tcagtcgctc
    42721 agtcatgtct gactctttgt gaccccatgg
    actgcagcac accaggcctc cctggccatc
    42781 accaaccccc agaacttact caaactcatg
    tccatcgagc cagtgatgcc atccaaccat
    42841 ctcatcctct gtcgacccct tctcctggcc
    tcaatctttc ccagcatcag ggtcttttcc
    42901 aatgagtcag ttctttgcat caggtagcca
    aagtattgga gtttcagctt cagcatcatt
    42961 tcttccaatg aatattcagg actcatttcc
    tttgggatga actggttgga tctccttgca
    43021 gtccaaggga ctctcaagag tcttctccaa
    caccacagtt caaaagcatc aattcttcag
    43081 tgctcagctc tctttatagt ccaactctca
    catccatacg tgaccactgg aaaaaccata
    43141 gcctcgacta gatggaactt tgtgggcaaa
    gtaatgtctc tgcttttgaa tatgctgtct
    43201 aggttggtca taacttttct tccaaggagc
    aagcgtcttt taatttcatg gctgcagtca
    43261 ccatctgcag tgatttttgg agcccaagaa
    aataaagtct gtcactgttt ccactgtttc
    43321 cccgtctatt taacggaggg aaatttccca
    gagcccccag gttccaggct gggccccacc
    43381 ccactcccat gtcccagaga gcctggtcct
    cccaggctcc cggctggcgc tggtaagtcc
    43441 caggatatag tctttacatc aagttgctgt
    gtgtcttagg aaagaaactc tccctctctg
    43501 tgcctctgtt ccctcatccg cagaagtgac
    tgccaggtcg gggagtctgt gacgtctcca
    43561 gaagccggag gattttctcc ccatttgctg
    aaagagagct cggggtgggg gaagcttctg
    43621 cacccctagg atcaccagag gagccagggt
    cttcagggtt cccggggacc cctcagtggg
    43681 ggctcaggaa ccacagagcc agaccctgat
    tccaaaaacc tggtcacacc tccagatgac
    43741 cctttgtccc ttggctccgc ctcaaatgct
    ccaagcccca acagtgaagc gcttaagaga
    43801 aggatccacc aggcttgagt ttggggagga
    gggaagtggg gagctggggg agggcctggg
    43861 cctgggagac aggaatccac catggcttca
    ggcagggtct ctggggcctg cggggtggag
    43921 agcgggcagg agcagacaga ggtgactgga
    cacgacacac ccctccactc caagggaggt
    43981 gggcaggggc ggggcacaga ggaacaagag
    accctgagaa ggggtccacc gagcagactg
    44041 ctggacccag acatctctga gccagctgga
    atccagctct aagccatgct cagcccaggc
    44101 agggtatagg gcaggactga gtggagtggc
    cagagctgca gctgcatggg ctgggaaggc
    44161 cctgcccgtc ccctgagggt cccccagggt
    ctagccagac tccaatttcc gaccgcagca
    44221 cacacaggag gaagtggtcg gggtggagtt
    ggcccagagg tctgggcagg tgcagggtgg
    44281 gggaaggggg gcagctggag tcacccgctg
    aattcaggga cagtcccttt ttctccctga
    44341 aacctggggc tgtcccgggg gccaccgcag
    cctccaggca gcggggggac ccagccccca
    44401 atatgtgaga agagcaggtc ccaggctgga
    gagagcgaag caccatggtg gggagaagtt
    44461 agactggatc ggggccccta ggggctcccc
    cggacctgca cggcagccgt cagggcaccc
    44521 gcaccccatt gctgttcagt gctggccagt
    gtccaaggcc agggatgtgt gtgtgtgtgt
    44581 gtgcgtgcgt gcgtgcgtgt gtgtgtgcgt
    gtgtgcgcgt gcgtgcgtgt gtgtgtgtgt
    44641 gcgtgcgtgt gcgtgcgtag acgtgtgcgt
    gcgtgcgtgc gtgcgtgcgt gtgtgtgcgc
    44701 acgcgcgcag cccagcctca gcactggacc
    aggcagcctg ggattcctcc aaaactgcct
    44761 tgtgagtttg gtcaaaccgt gaggctctga
    tcaccgccat ccattcgccc cctcctgccc
    44821 ccctcatcac cgtggttgtt gtcattatcg
    agagctgtgg agggtctggg aggtcatccc
    44881 acctgccagc taaaccgtga ggctgccgca
    atcgcactga tgcgggcaga cccgagacgc
    44941 tgtgccggag acgaaggcca gcttgtcacc
    ccgccagagc ggcagtcggg ccacaagcat
    45001 catccaagca gtggttctct gagcccgacg
    gggtgatgca aaggagccag gagacacctg
    45061 cgcgtccaag ctgggggacc ccaggtctgt
    tatgccggac agtaaacacg ttcagctccg
    45121 gagggagagg gttcccctac cttccagggt
    ttctcattcc acaaacatcc aaagacaatc
    45181 cataccgaag gcgatccgtg cctttgctcc
    tgagacgtgc ggaagcacag agatccacag
    45241 acactgtctc ccaggatcct atgtatgtaa
    aggaaccgaa gtcccaggct gtgtgtctgg
    45301 taccacatcc cacggaacag gctggactga
    ttttcaccaa atgtagcaga aacgttaagg
    45361 agtatcagct tcaaaatatg agggccagac
    atgtctgaga agtcccttcc agaaaagtcc
    45421 ctttggggtc cttccccaga gttgctgaaa
    cagagaaccg gaagggctgc agagctgaac
    45481 ttaaacaact ggatcgcaaa ggtccgtctc
    atcagagcga tggtttttcc agtggtcatg
    45541 tatggatgag agagttggac cataaagaaa
    gctgagcgcc gaagaatcga tgcttttgaa
    45601 ctctggtgtt ggagaagact cttgagagtc
    ccttggactg caaggagatc caaccagtca
    45661 atcctaaagg aaatcaatcc tgaatattca
    tgggaaggac tgatgctgaa gctgaaactc
    45721 caatactttg gccacttgat gcaaagaact
    gactcactgg aaaaaccctg atgctgggaa
    45781 aggttgaagg caggaggaga aggggtcgac
    agaggatgag atggttgggt ggcatcaccc
    45841 acccatggac tcaatggaca tgggtttgag
    taaactctgg gagttggtga tggacagaga
    45901 atcctggcat gctgcggtcc atggggtcat
    agagagtcag acacaactga gcgactgaca
    45961 gaactgaagc aactggcaag ccggagggta
    ggtgccggct gcgatgagcg ggaacgtgca
    46021 acctgccacg tggagctctt cctacaccca
    gagtcctgac ggcactggga ccctagccct
    46081 ccacggcctc tccagggcca cgagacaccc
    tcacagagca gagaagcgga acagagctgg
    46141 tgtgcagaac caggccccgg gggtggggcg
    gggctggtgg gcaggcttta gtgagaagcc
    46201 cttgagccct ggaaccagag cagagcagaa
    cagttggcag aggcccccct gggagaggcc
    46261 ccccgcccag agtaccggcc ctgggccctg
    ggggagaggg cggtgctggg ggcagggaca
    46321 gaaggcccag gcagaggatg ggccccgtgg
    gacggggcgc accaaaacag cccctgccag
    46381 caaggggaag ctggggcact ttcgaccccc
    tccaaggagg agcccacacc agcgcatctg
    46441 cccaaggtgc ccttggccct gggggcacat
    gaggcccagg ccaggccagg gggcccatga
    46501 ggcccccagg ggtcagtgca gtgtccccag
    gcagccctgg cctctcatcc tgctgggcct
    46561 ggcctcttat cccgtgggcg cccacggcct
    gctgcccccg acagcggcgc ctcagagcac
    46621 agccccccgc atggaagccc cgtcaggaaa
    gagcccttgg agcctgcagg acaggtaagg
    46681 gccgagggag tcatggtgca gggaagtggg
    gcttcccttc gatgggaccc aggggtgaat
    46741 gaccgcaggg gcggggaacg agaagggaaa
    ccagctggag agaaggagcc tgggcagacg
    46801 tggctgcacg cacagcgctg accctgggcc
    cagtgtgcct ttgtgttggg ttttattttt
    46861 aattttgtat tgagatgcta tttatctcgt
    ggagcttttg ccgccctgag attttgtacc
    46921 cgtggctggt gtccctcttg cctcaccccg
    gcctctgtag cagggcagac acggcgcaac
    46981 ggggcagggc gtgcccagga ggcactgtca
    ttttgggggc agcggcccca caaggcaggt
    47041 ctgccttcct cccctcttac aggcagcgac
    agaggtccag agaggtgagg caagctgccc
    47101 aatgtcacac agcacacggg cgcagtccca
    ggactgtaga aatcccggga ctagacaggc
    47161 accagagtgt cctgtgtttt taaaaaaacg
    gcccaagaga agaggcaagt ctgcaaggcg
    47221 tcccgggaag gcagcagggg cttggctcgg
    tctcccccaa ggaggccagc tcctcagcga
    47281 ggttcctaag tgtctaacgg agccaagcct
    gaaccaaggg ggtcacgtgc agctatggga
    47341 cactgacctg ggatggggga gctccaggca
    aagggagtag ggaggccaag gaggagagag
    47401 gggtgcacag gcctgcaggg agcttccaga
    gctggggaaa acggggttca gaccacgggg
    47461 tcatgtccac ccctccttta tcctgggatc
    cggggcaggt attgagggat ttatgtgcgg
    47521 ggctgtcagg gtccagttcg tgctgtggaa
    aaattgtttc agatcagaga ccagcgtgag
    47581 gtcaggttag aggatggaga agaagctgtg
    aaaaggtgat ggagagcggg gggacggtcc
    47641 tcggtgatca ggcaccgaga tcgcccatgg
    aatccgcagg cgaatttaca gtgacgtcgt
    47701 cagagggctg tcggggagga acaggcactg
    tcatgaactg gctacaaaaa tctaaaatgt
    47761 gcaccctttt cggcaatatg cagcaagtca
    taaaagaaaa cgcatttctt taaaattgcg
    47821 taattccgct tttaggaatt catctggggg
    cgggggaaca atcaaaaaga tgtgaccaaa
    47881 ggtttacaag ccaggaagtc aactcgttaa
    tgatgggaga aaaccggaaa taacctgaat
    47941 atccaacaga aagggtgtga tgaagcgcag
    catggcacat ccaccgcaag gaatcctaac
    48001 acaaacttcc aaaacaatat ttctgacgtt
    gggtttttaa agcatgcgtg cactttcaaa
    48061 agcttgtcag aaaacataga aatatgccaa
    taatgtgtct ctagccaaat tttttaattt
    48121 ttgctttata attttataaa gttataattg
    tatgaaatat aatgataaaa ttataaacta
    48181 taaaaaagtt atgaaaatgt tcacaagaag
    atatacatgt aattttatct tctacaatac
    48241 tttttaatac cagaataacg tgcttttaaa
    aaagattgag cacagaagcg tataaagtaa
    48301 aaattgagag tttctgctca ccaaccacac
    gtcttacctt aaaacccatt ctccagcgag
    48361 agacagtgtc atgtgggtct gtacacttct
    ggcctttctc ctaggcatgt atgtccctga
    48421 aaactcacac acacggctaa tggtgctggg
    attttagttt tcaaaacgga ctcatactct
    48481 gcctatgagc ctgcaactat ttattcagtc
    tgttgagatt ttctatatca gcccacatgg
    48541 atcccgcatg ttctctgaat ggctctgtat
    gaattcaaag tttggaagaa gcagcgtgtc
    48601 tttaatcatt cgcctattaa tggacgtttg
    gggtgtttcc actacaaaan nnnnnnnnnn
    48661 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    48721 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnng
    atacaattcg agctcggtac cctggcttga
    48781 actatatgaa cagagaacga tgagaacagt
    ttctcaaact tggaacagtt aacattttgg
    48841 gctaaatgat tcttttttgt gtggagttgg
    cctatgaata gaggatatta gcagcatcat
    48901 ttaaccttta ctcactacat acctgtagca
    actacatcct ctccatttgt gtcaatcaaa
    48961 actgtctccg gacatggaca agtgtgcccc
    tgggatgggt ggaatgacct tttgttaaga
    49021 accactgggt cagagattca tagatttttg
    tcttgttgac tttttaaaaa tacatcttgg
    49081 tttttatttt attggtttct gctcttatct
    ttatgattac cttcctttta cttggggctt
    49141 ccctgataga ttttcccttc tggctcagct
    ggtaaagaat ctgcctgcaa tgcaggagac
    49201 ctgggttcag tccctgggtt gggaggatcc
    cctggagagg agaagggcta cccaccccag
    49261 tattctggcc tggaggattc catggagtgt
    atagtccatg gggtcgcaga gtcggacatg
    49321 actgagtgac tttcacacac acatatgtcc
    ctggtagctc agctagtaaa gaatcccacc
    49381 cgcaatgcag gagaccccgg tccaattcct
    gggtccggaa gattcccttt tgtttactcc
    49441 ataagatctt atctggggac aaaactaaca
    gctatgccag accttctgga catcagggaa
    49501 cgtgaggggt gtggactgga cagatgtgtg
    tgttctccca aacacaaaca tacatctgta
    49561 tacatgtaca tggagagagg gggagggagg
    ctgtgagtct ccaggggacc gtgcaaccat
    49621 gtgacattca tggaggcgtt tgcgggtgat
    cactacacag tttcttcttc tggtttcttg
    49681 gtcaattgac ttcacaattc caattcctat
    acttcatttt agactgaggg aattttacac
    49741 tattgtaaga catatgtata catgagttat
    gttcagcgcc atgagggctc attttgtgtg
    49801 tccactttgc ctggaaacaa agttggactg
    atttacttct aggggtgcct gggggtgttt
    49861 ctggaggaca ggagcatttg aacccaaggg
    ctcggtgaag catgagcctc tctgcaggtg
    49921 gacccaggag gaacgcaagg ccgaggaagg
    cagactctcc tcctccctaa cccgaggtct
    49981 ctgctcagaa aagggacaat ataatgacta
    gaagaaaaga aagaacatca gctgtgggag
    50041 gtttgttctc tggagcagat tcacacgttg
    aggctcatgt gcaggaattc taggtgaaac
    50101 agagcagtca cccatgtgtg ttggaaaatt
    ttaaattaca tttgcagtta cgactttgtt
    50161 taagccagac agggtagcac agcaaagtca
    ccatgtggtc acctgtgttt tgtaaaggag
    50221 agagaacttg ctggcacatt caggaaaggc
    cgtgtctcag ctttggaggc acactgagag
    50281 gccacaagca gatggtgagg accagggtct
    cgggcagagg gatcaattca ctgctcttca
    50341 cttttgccac atctgtgtgc tgtccatcct
    ggccagagta gttcagtctt cagatgctgg
    50401 agttcccatt ggtagaaatc caatctgggt
    catttttaaa cctctcttgg ttctacttaa
    50461 tggttttaaa atctctttgg ctcaagaaaa
    aaaataaaca taattttaaa gggtggtttg
    50521 gggccttgac tataaagtac attatctggg
    ccatttcaga gcatggttga attaatacat
    50581 ttcgtgctta ctatagctcc tattttcttg
    attctttaca ggtaattttt gttaggaatc
    50641 gggtactgtg aatattttct tgttgaatac
    gggatctttg tattttttcc taattttttt
    50701 ttttttttca tttttggttt taccttcagg
    aaagtcacta ggactcagga aagtcctttg
    50761 tccgcctgtt atttcagtct cttacctggg
    gccagggcag cgtttcctct gggctaagtt
    50821 tccccacaac cggggccagt tctcctcact
    cttcaccctg aggccttaat gaggagctcc
    50881 cctgcgtctg agcagccggc cctcctgtga
    cgtgcgtgtg tctctggcca tcggcgtccg
    50941 gtgtccttgg aggttccgtc ctcccttcgc
    tcactgtgcc ccgcactcga gctctcaggc
    51001 tccaagcagt gtccgcagtg tgcagaccct
    ctgtgtagct ctctcctcct caggactctt
    51061 ccctctagat gtgtgttttc ttttggctcc
    ttggacctcc gctctgaacg caggcctggt
    51121 gctgagtgtg atctctggag ggaagcctgg
    gaggctggac gggtccgccc tgcggtgtgg
    51181 tgacaggtgt gggctcgggg cggggcctgc
    acgtcgtcct gacccgagcc gggactgggc
    51241 tccgggcctc aggcatcact gactgaatct
    ccctcacaga ggggtcaggg cctgggcggg
    51301 ggaaccgtct ctgcaatgac agcccctccc
    agggagggca cagcggggag ctgccgaggc
    51361 tccagcccta gtgggaggtc ggggagccca
    ggggagcggc ctgacggccc cacaccggcc
    51421 cagggctggt tcgttctgtt tctcgagctc
    aacagaagct ccgaggagct gggcagttct
    51481 ctgaattcgt cccggagttt tggctgctga
    gtgtcctgtc agcaccgtat ggacatccag
    51541 agtccattag cagtggtctc tgtccctctg
    tctgtccttc atcaggctct ttgtccaggt
    51601 caccacacgg ccaacaccag gacagtctgg
    tcccgccagc ccatcgtccc tgcggacgcc
    51661 cctgtgcagc ctgccgaagg gccgggaggc
    cgggggaacc gggccaggcc tgtccctgct
    51721 gtgtccacag tcctcccggg gctggaggag
    agcgtgagca ggacgggagg gtttgtgtct
    51781 cacttccccg tctgtctgtg tcactgtgag
    gattatcact gctgtcagct gactgacagt
    51841 aatagtcggc ctcgtcctcg gtctgggccc
    cgctgatggt cagcgtggct gttttgcctg
    51901 agctggagcc agagaaccgg tcagagatcc
    ctgagggccg ctcactatct ttataaatga
    51961 ccctcacagg gccctggccc ggcttctgct
    ggtaccactg agtatattgt tcatccagca
    52021 ggtcccccga gcaggtgatc ttggccgtct
    gtcccaaggc cactgacact gaagtcggct
    52081 gggtcagttc ataggagacc acggagccgg
    aagagaggag ggagagggga tgagaaagaa
    52141 ggaccccttc cccgggcatc ccaccctgag
    gcggtgcctg gagtgcactc tgggttcggg
    52201 gcaggcccca gcccagggtc ctgtgtggcc
    ggagcctgcg ggcagggccg gggggccgca
    52261 cctgtgcaga gagtgaggag gggcagcagg
    agaggggtcc aggccatggt ggatgcgccc
    52321 cgagctctgc ctctgagccc gcagcagcac
    tgggctctct gagacccttt attccctctc
    52381 agagctttgc aggggccagt gagggtttgg
    gtttatgcaa attcaccccc gggggcccct
    52441 cactgagagg cggggtcacc acaccatcag
    ccctgtctgt ccccagcttc ctcctcggct
    52501 tctcacgtct gcacatcaga cttgtcctca
    gggactgagg tcactgtcac cttccccgtc
    52561 tctgaccaca tgaccactgt cccaagcccc
    ccggcctgtg gtctcccctg gactccccag
    52621 tggggcggtc agcctggcag catcctggcc
    gtggactgag gcatggtgct ctggggttca
    52681 ctgtggatgt gaccctcaga ggtggtcact
    agtcctgagg ggatggcctg tccagtcctg
    52741 acttcctgcc aagcgctgct ccttggacag
    ctgtggaccc gcagggctgc ttcccctgaa
    52801 gctccccttg ggcagcccag cctctgacct
    gctgctcctg gccacgctct gctgccccct
    52861 gctggtggag gacgatcagg gcagcggctc
    ccctcccgca ggtcacccca aggcccctgt
    52921 cagcagagag ggtgtggacc tgggagtcca
    gccctgcctg gcccagcact agaggccgcc
    52981 tgcaccggga agttgctgtg ctgtgaccct
    gtctcagggc ggagatgacc gcgccgtccc
    53041 tttggtttgt tagtggagtg gagggtccgg
    gatgactcta gccgtaaact gccaggctcc
    53101 gtagcaacct gtgcgatgcc cccggggacc
    cagggctcct tgtgctggtg taccaaggtt
    53161 ggcactagtc ccaccccagg agggcacttc
    gctgatggtg ttcctggcag ttgagtgcat
    53221 ttgagaactt acatcatttt catcatcaca
    tcttcatcac cagtatcatc accaccatca
    53281 ccattccatc atctcttctc tctttttctt
    ttatgtcatc tcacaatctc acacccctca
    53341 agagtttgca ttggtagcat atttacttta
    gcacagtgtg cctcttttta ggaaactggg
    53401 ggtctcctgc tgatacccct gggaacccat
    ccagaaattg tactgatggc tgaacccctg
    53461 cgtttggatt cttgccgagg agaccctagg
    gcctcaaagt tctctgaatc actcccatag
    53521 ttaacaacac tcattgggcc tttttatact
    ttaatttgga aaaatatcct tgaagttagt
    53581 acctacctcc acattttaca gcaggtaaag
    ctgcttcgca tttgagagca agtccccaga
    53641 tcaataaaga gaatgggatg aacccaggat
    ggggcccagg ggtcctggat tcagactcca
    53701 gccgtttagg acagaacttg actaggtacg
    aagtgagcgg ggtggggggg caatctgggg
    53761 ggaactgtgg cacccccagg gctcggggcc
    atccccacca catcctggct ttcatcagta
    53821 gccccctcag cctgcgtgtg gaggaggcca
    gggaagctat ggtccaggtc atgctggaga
    53881 atatgtgggg ctggggtgct gctgggtcct
    aggggtctgg ccaggtcctg ctgcctctgc
    53941 tgggcagtga taattggtcc tcatcctcct
    gagaagtcac gagtgacagg tgtctcatgg
    54001 ccaagctatt ggaggaggca gtgagcactc
    ccacccctgc agacatctct ggaggcatca
    54061 gtggtcctgt aggtggtcct ggggcttggg
    ccgggggacc tgagattcag ccattgactc
    54121 tcagaggggc cagctgtggg tgcagcggca
    gggctgggcg gtggaggata cctcaccaga
    54181 gccaaaataa gagatcaccc aacggataga
    aattgactca caccctttgg tctggcacat
    54241 tctgtcttga aatttcttgt ggacaggaca
    cagtccctgg ataaagggat ttctatcttg
    54301 cgtgtgcaat agagctgtcg acacgcttgg
    ctgggacatg taatcctttg aacatggtat
    54361 taaattctgt tcactaacat ctgaaaggat
    ttttgcatca ataaacctaa ggtatattgc
    54421 cctgtcattt ccttgtcttg tagtgtctct
    gagtaggctg gaaggggtaa ccagcttcac
    54481 aaatcgagtt aggaaattcc cttattcttc
    cactgtctaa tagactttca taagattagt
    54541 gttaattcct ctttaaatcg ctgctataat
    catcactgtg gccaccggta ctgaattttt
    54601 tgttaggatg atttttaaac aagcatttta
    atgatttttc cttttatttt cggctgtgct
    54661 gggtctcgtt gctgtgtgcc ggcgttctct
    cgctgtggcc agtgggggcg ctgctctcgc
    54721 gttgcgaagc tcgggcttct gactgcagtg
    gcttctctcg ttgcagagcg cgggctccag
    54781 ggcgctcagg ctcgcgtggc tgcggcacgt
    gggctcagta gtcctggggc acaggtgcag
    54841 cagcctctca ggacgttttg ttcccagatg
    gtgggtcggt cgaaccggtg tcccctgcgt
    54901 tgcaaggtgg attcttcacc gctggaccac
    cagcgacgtt ccctggaggt ttttaattat
    54961 ggatttaagc tctcattaga tgtctcctca
    catttcctat ttctttttga gtcagtttga
    55021 tactttgttt gtgtctgtaa gtttgtccat
    tttatccaag tcatctaatg tgttgataga
    55081 caattattgg ttagtcatct aattgttggt
    ttacaatttt gagagcattg tcctgcaatt
    55141 ccttctatct gcaagattgg taataatatc
    tcccaagagg agtcacaaac tgaaatgaga
    55201 ttanatacag gctttttttt taaaagaatg
    aacttatgtt gttgcctttc tcatagatct
    55261 tacttcttag catgactgta cttactgact
    ggggcgtttt catgtctgtg tggagagcta
    55321 ccattagtac ttcttatcgc ccaaagacat
    cgggctcctg ggcacagtga aaacactcct
    55381 ttctgtggct attttgcaaa atatggccta
    gcctagcgtc ataagggatc acagctgaca
    55441 actgctggaa cagagggaca tgcgaagcaa
    cgtgagggct ggaacctgga gggtcctctc
    55501 tggggacagt ttaaccagct ataatggaca
    ttccagcatc tgggacatgg agctgtgaac
    55561 tggaccaatg actgtcattt ttggaagaga
    aatcccagga gagaagggtc caggggaatc
    55621 tgaggccgca tgcagtgcct caggacaggg
    gacaccttct ccagcagagc aggggggccc
    55681 gcccaggccg cctgcagtga ttccaccagg
    aggagatgca tccctgcaga cctctgacag
    55741 cacggccctc tcctgagaca cagggtcaca
    cccggggccc tggaaccctt tgagacccta
    55801 aacctttcct ttcctgacca ccctgacagc
    agtctagctc agaacagaca tcttcatttt
    55861 cagcaggaaa atccttttcc tcgtttgagg
    gagcgactgg caccggagga gctgagtctt
    55921 ttaaacacag gctgcctgaa cctcagggat
    gacctgcagc tgctcagagg aggctggagt
    55981 gtgatagctc actctaatgt tactaaaagg
    aacatattgg acaccccctc tctgaaaaat
    56041 ttccctcctg cctctcatct cttagtccac
    tttatcgccg ttttactgct tttctattta
    56101 ctactcttaa cgccaaccta tcttatttcc
    cctcccagtt taacacggtt ttccctccac
    56161 ccgctctctt taatctcaga agattctgcc
    tattcctcta ttatcacacg cccctacttt
    56221 ttattttttt tcttacccgc cttttattcc
    ctcccctcct cactctctat ttaattacat
    56281 cttaactaca ccgcctgcgc tatcttcgaa
    tgtatccaaa tatttttccc ttatataaca
    56341 ctccaggccg agcggctaac ttattataat
    ttctttatag cgcctaccta atttcccttt
    56401 atttctaatt atctatatat acccatgcaa
    tttcgnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    56461 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    56521 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnntgggt gtacgttata
    gagtaaacgc gcatgaagaa gtgggtcaat
    56581 ctatggctgt gagaggcaga aaataatatt
    atcatatata atttatgtta taacacactg
    56641 aggtggtggg ctcgtagaat agtgcggacg
    gggagaaagg tgggaaggag aagacacaag
    56701 agagagatgt tcgcctcgcg ggatggatgg
    gcggagggat agaagaataa aaagaggaga
    56761 ggtatagagg ggggcggggg gcataacgtg
    tggtggggta aatagtaggc ggtaattatg
    56821 aaaaaaagaa agacgggggg ggcggtaaca
    tagaatacgc aaaaaagtca tatactgaac
    56881 ggggattagg gagaagaggt ggggggcgtg
    gggtgcgggg gaaagaggtg tgtgtataat
    56941 tggtatggag tgttatttga atatatatta
    atgtaatagg gagtgtaatt agtgaaattg
    57001 tgggagtatt atattggggt gtgggggaca
    tggcaaagtg atgatcggga taaaaaaagt
    57061 aaagcaagag gggaggggaa aataaggggg
    gggagaaggt cgaagaaaat aagaggaaga
    57121 agaaagaacg ggggtggcgg gcgggggggg
    cgccgctctt gtatctggct tttttgttgt
    57181 gtcggtggtt gttcgcgtct tgttgggtcc
    ggggcgggtg tgcggaaaaa aaaaaaggcg
    57241 ggaggcccgg ggcccggtca cgcggcaccc
    ccgcgggtcc ctggcttctc cttcggcagc
    57301 tccgggggtc ggtgagcctg cgccctccgg
    gccgccggcc cgagctgtgt gcgccctgga
    57361 gaatcggagc cgctgtggca gcacgcggag
    ggcgcgcgca agggccacgg gacggacctt
    57421 caaaggccgc ggcggagcgc ggcaagccga
    accgagggcg gtctggcgat cggccgagcc
    57481 ctgctccccc ctcccgcgtg gccccagggt
    cgcgggtgga ctggggcggg tacaaagcac
    57541 tcacccccgt cccgccccca gaaagcctcc
    caggactctc acagagcacc cgccaggagg
    57601 catccggttc ccccctcggc tcagttcagt
    tgctcagtcg tgtccaactc tttgcgaccc
    57661 catggactgc agcaccccaa gcttccctgt
    ccatcaccaa ctcccggagt ttactcaaac
    57721 tcatctattg agtcagtgat gccatccaac
    cgtctcatcc tctgttgtcc ccttctcctc
    57781 ccactttcaa tctttcccag catcagggtc
    ttttcttatg agccagttct tcacatcagg
    57841 tggtcagagt attggagttt cagcttcagc
    atcagtcctt ccaatgaaca ctcaggactg
    57901 atttccttta ggatggactg gctggatgca
    gcgccagaca ccgaccgcgt ttaccccgtg
    57961 tgtcctttcc aatggctgtc ccctgcgggc
    ctaggggcat tggtgcgggt ttgaatcctg
    58021 tggccttgaa ttttacgcct tagttccagg
    tccagggcag ggccatccgg attcaggatg
    58081 cttcccagcc cttcaggaat ggcaggtttt
    catggtcctt tctgagtgag ttctgagtgg
    58141 tcatattggt gcccttggca gggagggctc
    ctgactttcc tatcttcaca tcactgtccc
    58201 caacccccaa gagaggcctc ttggcccagg
    gactgcaggg aggatgaagt caggagcaga
    58261 agcatggggt agggggctca ggtgggcaga
    ggaggcccct ctgtgaggag gaacggcaag
    58321 cgaggaggga acaggggcac cggcagtgcc
    tggcaagctg ggtgatgtca cgactacgtc
    58381 ccgaccacac agtcctctca gccagcccga
    gaagcagggc cctcccctga cccccatctg
    58441 ggcctgggct tcagttttct cctccctgca
    atggggtgac tgtttgcctc caggagaggg
    58501 gagcatgtaa aggtggccac tctcttctgg
    cagacatgcc aggcctgggc cagcctccac
    58561 ccctttgctc ctgcagcccc tgctgacctg
    ctcctgtttg ccacaccggc ccctcctggg
    58621 ctgatcaggg cccccctcct gcaggaagcc
    ctctgggaca agcccagctt gctgtaactg
    58681 tggctttcca ctgtgacctg caacgtggga
    ggctgttact taaaactccc atgactggtg
    58741 gattgccggt ccccagaaca aggccacgca
    tccctggagg ccctcgagac catttaaggt
    58801 agttaaacat ttttacttta tgcattttca
    tgtgtatcag aaagaaaaaa aatgtatcat
    58861 cagttcatca aatccatgat ttcttgacca
    atattgctaa gatgaggctg aaataggcat
    58921 ttccattttt aaaaaactga atcactctga
    agaaacagat ggcaggcttc cctggtggtc
    58981 cggtggttaa cagtccatgc ttccagtgct
    gggggcatgg gttcgatccc tgaaaatttt
    59041 aaaaaggaag aaaaagatgg ctcccccgtc
    cctgggattc tccaggcaag aacactggag
    59101 tgggttgcca tttccttctc cagtgcatga
    aagggaaaag ggaaagtgaa gtcgctcagt
    59161 cgtgtgcgac tcttagcaac cccatggact
    gcagcctacc agactcctcc gtccatggga
    59221 ttttccaggc aagagtactg gagtggggtg
    ccattgcctt ctccaggcaa acggcctgct
    59281 actgctactg ctgctaaatc gcttcagtcg
    tgtccaactc tgtgcgaccc catagacggc
    59341 agcccaccag gctcccccgt ccctgggatt
    ctccaggcaa gaacactgga gtggggtgcc
    59401 attgccttca gcctgctgct gctgctgcta
    agtcgcttca gtcgtgtccg actctgtgtg
    59461 accgcataga cggcagccca ccaggctccc
    ccgtccctgg gattctccag gcaagaacac
    59521 tggagtgggt tgccatttcc ttctccaatg
    catgaaagtg aaaagttaaa gtgaaattgc
    59581 tcagtcgtgt ccgactctta gtgacccaat
    ggactgcagc ctaccagggt cctccatcca
    59641 tgggattttc caggcaagag tactggagtg
    gggtgccatt cggcctaggg agtgagaaat
    59701 cacggctgtc ttccctcttc tcgccctcta
    ggggtctctg tggagcctcc ctggagaggc
    59761 cgcggcggct ccggggactg gagggggagg
    gggggttgag tcagccggtg gccctcccct
    59821 cgctgcccgt ctcctccctt tttaggcaca
    agctgggcgc cctttttagg cgcagcctca
    59881 ccctgcgggc cactgcccgt gtttcggctc
    cccggagata aaacagattg cctgcacccc
    59941 gggtcatcac aaggattgta tgaccgtttc
    ccagtgtgct caccaccctc cctctgattc
    60001 tcagagacgc gccctcgcct caggaggctg
    ctcatcccag gccaaggggc ggcgtggggt
    60061 ccccagcgcc ccgcacagac actgccttct
    gaccacctcc tcccaacagc ttacctgcca
    60121 agaaggcctc ctgacccctc atcctgcccg
    gtggtttgga gaaagcctca tctggcccct
    60181 ccttctcggg gcctcagttt ccccctctgt
    gaactggcgg attctgccaa gctgacgtcc
    60241 tggccagccg cctccccgtg gccagtgtcc
    cccgggacac agctgaatgt ccctgctcgg
    60301 gatgcacctt cccaagttgg cctgtcagga
    ggcgggggcg agcagggaaa cccgactcct
    60361 ctcagacggc ccatcgcatt ggggacgctg
    aggcccggag cagcggcacc ctcctggcca
    60421 gggtcattct cccgccccgc cccgtccctc
    cgggcctccg agaccgcagc ccggcccgcc
    60481 ccgggaagga ccggatccgc gggccgggcc
    accccccttc cctggccgcg ggcgcggggc
    60541 gagtgcagaa caaaagcggg gggcggggcc
    ggggcggggg cggggcggag gatataaggg
    60601 gcggcggccg gcggcacccc agcaggccct
    gcacccccgg gggggatggc tcgggccgcc
    60661 ggcctccgcg gggcggcctc gcgcgccttt
    ttgtttttgg tgagggtgat gggggcggtc
    60721 gcggggtact attttttcat ttataattgg
    gtattagcta gcgagtggaa ccacaccctt
    60781 attccactat agccaatttt tgcgggggca
    tcttacatta cagactcgcc cgcctcttat
    60841 ttcggtacag catatcagat cgtctcttta
    ctcagacact agtgattatt gtctatagta
    60901 cacaaaaaga acggttgtgt cggcgtaatg
    gttgcatttt ccctcctcgt ttctcctgac
    60961 cacctcaatt acaccaacac tctactattt
    aaatcacgta ttgtacgcca ccctccgccc
    61021 gcgaactaaa agaatgtgca gatattctga
    agataaaatc gttcattgtt acgccccgcg
    61081 cgcttcgcgt atattactct tagaacttct
    tattcgcccg agcagttatt caccccccgc
    61141 aactagatgt cgccttaata tttgttctaa
    ccgttttgga ttctaacgat aggcgggaaa
    61201 ggtagacatt cgaccgctac gacaactaaa
    atcgacgagc acaggctatt tatatcgcga
    61261 ccacacgcgc gcggtataca naccgtaaaa
    ttatctaaca tcgagagtaa gggcacagag
    61321 cgaaatacaa gcggcgtggt gggaggtgtg
    tctgtagtga attcgcacct cgcgccgccg
    61381 cctctgtgcg tcgnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    61441 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnngatataa
    61501 tattaataaa cagcggatag atgtgtgtaa
    gggaggaggt gcataagaga ttaaagagag
    61561 gcgggcggag agaaatagag tagaggagga
    tgagagaaaa aagaaagcaa gcgtaggtac
    61621 aacggcgggt gggtagtatg ataaagtgag
    tgtatatatt tgagtaaagg aagggtagat
    61681 ggagtataaa gaagtaagga gaggagaggg
    cggcggagag agagagtgca aagaaaataa
    61741 gtgggcaaag gcggggtggg tgagaagcag
    tagaagagaa gatagagaag ggggaaaaag
    61801 aggaaaatga ggattagaac aagtaggaca
    ggatagatgt gaaaaatgag atcaggtcaa
    61861 ggtggagaaa aagtagaaac tggggcgtga
    ttgtaaaaaa gggaggccgc gatggggcag
    61921 caccataagc gaagagatga attaatgaaa
    gcaaggcagg gagaatcaaa tgagttgggt
    61981 ggaggaagga ggctgtgact tccttcgctg
    ccggaaagag aactagaata gcctcgggct
    62041 gtggggggag gtaaagataa agtgacttct
    gggccctggg ggaggcccag gagtttctac
    62101 cgagctgagc tgggtgcctc tcccaaatgc
    ccaaccccct gagagtcgac gggagagcac
    62161 agcctggcca aacctgggca gggcacacgt
    gtccttcacc ccacagtggt cacgagccca
    62221 gcgtggtccc tgcgtctggc gggaaacaca
    gaccctcaca ccccacacaa gggtccggcc
    62281 gctttcaaat aacagcagcc gtgccctctg
    ggccggtgac ccggacacag agagatgaag
    62341 tccgcatctc tcagagtgcg ctgtcctccg
    cccggtcagg cccgggtccc ctgcttctct
    62401 gaggtcacca ggagggattg catgtgggtc
    tcagggacac aggttcagtg atgtgacaga
    62461 gggtagtggg tcccagcagg gccggtcttt
    ggacccgttt ttctgaaaag ccagttggcg
    62521 acctggggtc acagcaaagc tgatcctgtt
    tggccaggag tctcccagtg acggcctccc
    62581 ccagaacatc gggcccagtg ggggctccag
    ggggtagact tgcctcccag ctcacgcccg
    62641 tgtcttgaca agtccatgat ttggtaaaat
    taatttgtgt tggatggagt tgatttagtg
    62701 gtgtgtgagt ttctgtggcg cagcaaagtc
    aatcagttac gcatacacat gtatccagct
    62761 cttcctacga ttctgttccc atataggtca
    ttatggggtg tcaggtagag cttcctgtgc
    62821 tacgcagtac ggccttattc agttcagctc
    agtcgtgtcc gactccttgt gaccccatgg
    62881 actgcagcac gccaggctcc cctgtccatc
    accaactcct ggagcttatt caaactcatg
    62941 tccatcgagc cggtgatgcc atccaaccat
    ctcatcctct gtcgttccct ctcctcctgc
    63001 cttcagtctt tcccagcacc ccctagagaa
    gggaatggca aaccacttcg gtattcttgc
    63061 cctgagaacc ccatgaacag tacggaaagt
    ccttattagt tttctatttt atatatagca
    63121 gtgcacacgt gtcagcccca atctcgcaat
    ttatcacccc cctccgccgc cgattggtag
    63181 tcatgtttgt tttctacatc tgcgactcta
    tttctgtttt gtaaacaagt tcatttacac
    63241 cactttttta gattctgcac atacgtggca
    agcccacagc aaacatgctc aatggtgaaa
    63301 gactgaaagc atttcctcta agatcaaaaa
    caagacgagg atgtccactc actccgtttt
    63361 tactcaacac agccctgaac gtcctagcca
    tggcaatcag agaagagaaa gaaattaagg
    63421 aatccaaatt ggaaaagaag aagtaaaact
    cactctttgc aaatgacatg acacttatac
    63481 ccagaaaatc ctagagatgc taccagataa
    ctattagagc tcatcagtga atttgttgca
    63541 ggatacaaaa ttaatacaca gaaatctcct
    gcattcctat agactgacaa caaaagatct
    63601 gagagagaaa ttaaggaaac catcccacgg
    catgaaaaag agtaaaatac ctaggaataa
    63661 agctacctaa agaggcaaaa gacctgtact
    cagaaaacta taaaatactg acaaaggaaa
    63721 tcagacgaca cagagagaga gagataccac
    gctcttggat gagaagaatc gatagtgtga
    63781 caatgactat actacccaga gaaacataca
    gattcagtac aacccctatc aaattcccaa
    63841 tggcattttt cacagaatca gaattagaac
    aaaaagtttt acaagtttca gggaaacaag
    63901 aaagatccta aagagccaga gcaatcttga
    gaaagaaaaa tggagctgga agagtcaggc
    63961 tccctgagtt ctgactgtgt atacaaagct
    ggcatgattt ttaacagcag gggtgtaaat
    64021 gaacttgttc acaaaacaga tggtggggtg
    ggcttccctg gtggctcagc tggtaaagaa
    64081 tcctcctgca acgcaggaga cctgggttcg
    atccctaggc tgggaagatc ccctggagaa
    64141 gggaaaggct acccactcca gtattctggc
    ctggaaaatt ccaaggacca tatagtccat
    64201 gggtttgcaa agagtcggac acgactgagc
    gacttccaat cctggaaacg tcccattgtg
    64261 gacggtgaac tggggttgtc caagctcagg
    gtaaccgttt gctgagtgac tgacactcct
    64321 tctcatgggt taaaatgtgg ggcccaaggc
    caggaccaga ccccgcagtc agccaggcag
    64381 accctgtgca gccccagcga gtgtgtggcc
    gccgtggagt tcctggcccc catgggcctc
    64441 gactggagcc cctggagtga gcccattccc
    tcccagcccg tgagaggctg ggtgcagccc
    64501 taaccatttc ccacccagtg acagatccgc
    ctgtgtggaa acctgctctt gtccccaggg
    64561 aacctggcag gactcaggga gaatgtctca
    gggcggccac agatcagggg ctgggggggc
    64621 agggctgggt ccagcagagg ccctgtgccc
    actccccgga aagagcagct gatggtcagc
    64681 atgacccacc agggcaccga cgcgtgcttg
    cacacaggcc gccccctcat ggtgacactc
    64741 ttttcctgtg gccacatctc gccccctcag
    gtccctcctg ctccccagct cctggcctgg
    64801 gaacctcttc cccgccccgg ggacgtcagg
    gctggtgtcc actgagcatc ccatgcccgg
    64861 gactgtgctg atcaccagca cctgcacccc
    ctctcgggtc tcaccaggat gggcaactcc
    64921 tgcccatcca gcacccagcc tcctgggtac
    acatcggggg aggagggaga agcctgggcc
    64981 agacccccag tgggctccct aaggaggaca
    gaaaggctgc cgtgggccag ccgagagcag
    65041 ctctctgaga gacgtgggac cccagaccac
    ctgtgagcca cccgcagtgt ctctgctcac
    65101 acgggccacc agcccagcac tagtgtggac
    gagggtgagt gggtgaggcc caggtgcacc
    65161 agggcaagtg ggtgaggccc gagtggacag
    ggtgagtggg tgaggcccag gtagaccagg
    65221 gcccatgtgg gtgaggcccg ggtggaccag
    agtgagcggg tgaggcccag gtggacaggg
    65281 cgagcgggtg aggcccaggt ggacagggcg
    agcgggtgag gcccgggtgg acagggcgag
    65341 cgggtgaggc ccgggtggac agggcgagcg
    ggtgaggccc gggtggacag ggcgagtggg
    65401 tgaggcccgg gtggaccagg gcgagtgggt
    gaggcccggg tggacagggc gagtgggtga
    65461 ggcccgggtg gaccagggcg agtgggtgag
    gcccaggtgg acagggtgag tgggtgaggc
    65521 ccaggtagac cagggcccag agcaaagccc
    cggctcagca gtgatttcct gagcgcccac
    65581 tgcttgcagg gacctcagcg atggtaaggc
    agccctgttg ggggctcccg actggggaca
    65641 gcatgcagag agcgagtggt cccctggaga
    aacagccagg gcatggccgg gcgccctgcc
    65701 aggctgcccc aggggccaca gctgagcccc
    gaggcggcca ggggccggga cagccctgat
    65761 tctgggttgg gggctggggg ccagagtgcc
    ctctgtgcag ctgggccggt gacagtggcg
    65821 cctcgctccc tgggggcccg ggagggacgg
    tcaggtggaa aatggacgtt tgcgggtctc
    65881 tggggttgac agttgtcgcc attggcactg
    ggctgttggg gcccagcagc ctcaggccag
    65941 cacccccggg gctccccacg ggccccgcac
    cctcacccca cgcagctggc ctggcgaaac
    66001 caagaggccc tgacgcccga aatagccagg
    aaaccccgac cgaccgccca gccctggcag
    66061 caggtgcctc cctctccccg gggtgggggg
    aggggttgct ccagttctgg aagcttccac
    66121 cagcccagct ggagaaaggc ccacatccca
    gcacccaggc cgcccaggcc cctgtgtcca
    66181 ggcctggccg cctgagacca cgtccgtcag
    aagcggcatc tcttatccca cgatcctgtg
    66241 tctgggatcc tggaggtcat ggcccctctc
    ggggccccag gagcccatct aagtgccagg
    66301 ctcagagctg aggctgccgc gggacacaga
    ggagctgggg ctggcctagg gcaccgcggt
    66361 cacacttccc ctgccgcccc tcacttggga
    ctctttgcgg ggagggactg agccaagtat
    66421 ggggatgggg agaaaaatgg ggaccctcac
    gatcactgcc ctgggagccc tggtgcgtct
    66481 ggagtaacaa tgcggtgact cgaagcacag
    ctgttcccca cgaggcctca cagggtcctt
    66541 ctccagggga cgggacctca gatggccagt
    cactcatcca ttccccacga ggcctcacag
    66601 ggtccttctc caggggacgg gacctcagat
    ggccagtcac tcatccattc cccatgaggt
    66661 ctcacagggt ccttctccag gggacgggac
    ctcagatggc cagtcactca tccattcccc
    66721 acgaggcctc acagggtcct tctccagggg
    acgggacccc agatgggcca gtcactcatc
    66781 catccgtctg tgcacccatc cgtccaacca
    tcacccttcc ctccatccat ctgaaagctt
    66841 ccctgaggcc tccccgggga cccagcctgc
    atgcggccct cagctgctca tcccaggcca
    66901 gtcaggcccg gcacagtcaa ggccaaagtc
    agacctggaa ggtgcctgct tcaccacggg
    66961 aggagggggg ctgtggacac agggcgcccc
    atgccctgcc cagcctgccc cccgtgctcg
    67021 gccgagatgc tgagggcaac gggggggcag
    gaggtgggac agacaggcca gcgtgggggg
    67081 ccagctgccg cctggctgcg ggtgagcaga
    ctgcccccct caccccaggt acaggtctcc
    67141 ctgatgtccc ctgccctccc tgcctccctg
    tccggctcca atcagagagg tcccggcatt
    67201 ccagggctcc gtggtcctca tgggaataaa
    aggtggggaa caagtacccg gcacgctctc
    67261 ctgagcccac ccccaaacac acacaaaaaa
    atccctccac cggtgggact tcaccagctc
    67321 gttctcaggg gagctgccag ggggtccccc
    agccccagga agccaggggc caggcctgca
    67381 agtccacagc cataacacca tgtcagctga
    cacagagaga cagtgtctgg tggacaggtg
    67441 cccccacctg cgagcctgga gagtgtggcc
    ctcgcctgcc ccagccgcgg tcagtcggct
    67501 cagcaaccgc tgtccactcc cagcgccctg
    gcctcccctg tgggcccagg tcaagtcctg
    67561 ggggtgaagc taagtcaggg agcctcatcc
    atgcccagcc cggagcccac agcgccatca
    67621 agaaatgctt cttccctcca tcaggaaaca
    ttagtgggaa agacaagagc tggggggttc
    67681 tggggtcctg ggggatcaga tgaaggggtc
    tgggagcagc agcagcctca ggcaccccaa
    67741 aacaaggccc aggagctgga ctcccagggc
    tgaggggcag agggaaggaa ggcctcctgg
    67801 ggggttggca tgagcaaagg cacccaggtg
    ggggctgagc acccctcggc tggcacacac
    67861 aggcccccac tgcagtacct tccccctcgg
    agaccctggg ctcccgtctc ccgcctggcc
    67921 tgccatcctg ctcaccaccc agaaatccct
    gagtgcggtg ccatgtgact gggccctgcc
    67981 ctggggagga aggagattca gacagacagg
    atgccagggc agagaggggc gagcagagga
    68041 tgctgggagg gggcccgggg aggcctgggg
    ggcagggggg caggagttct ccagggtgga
    68101 cggcgctgtg ctatgctcgg tgagcacaga
    ggccccgggt gtcccaggcc tgggaaccca
    68161 gcagaggggc agggacgggg ctcaaaggac
    ccaaaggccg agccctgacc agacctgtgg
    68221 gtccagaagg cagctgcgcc ctgaggccac
    tgagtggccc cgtgtcccga accaccgctg
    68281 aaacatggga cacacgttcc caggcggagc
    cactcctgcc ttccgggagg ctcccagcgg
    68341 gctcatcgct ccatcccaca gggagggaaa
    ccgaggccca gatgacgaac atcccggcga
    68401 gcaggtcaaa gccagcccct ggggtcccct
    ctcccggcct ggggcctccc ctctgcaggg
    68461 tgggaaaccg aggccacaca ggggctccat
    ggggctgccc tctgccaggc cctggacacc
    68521 ccgcgggtga cccccgcctc tatcatccca
    gccctgccag gccctggaca ccccgtggat
    68581 gacccccgcc tctatcatcc cagccctggg
    ggacagatgg gaggcccaag cgtggacccc
    68641 ctggccaccc cctaccccac agccgggagg
    agccgggagc tggtggccaa gggcctagag
    68701 gagccagann nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    68761 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnca atatagaggg
    68821 ggtgggataa agggtaatat gatgtttagg
    tagttagagt taaattagaa gggtttggat
    68881 aaagattaat aaaattacaa gcgtacatat
    cgtgtgagtg tgggtgataa tatttgtgta
    68941 tgtggggaat agaagtgagt gtgagtagta
    ttcaagatgt aagtgtgcga atacaggtct
    69001 gagcgatttg aatggaagtg aaaaaaagcg
    tgtgtgtgga ggaggcggga gaggaagata
    69061 gtgtggggga agaaaagaag gctagtgggt
    aaagaaatat cagtaggcgg ttgacgaaag
    69121 aagaactagg aagaattaat ataaaaataa
    agggaggatt aaaaaataaa gagggaggag
    69181 gtaacggaaa tagttagtta agaaaagaat
    ggagagtgga ggtaagataa ataagggagt
    69241 aatgggagtg aggaggaata aataaaaaaa
    tggtgaggga aaatagagta gaatgagaac
    69301 aagaatgaaa aagggagtga agggggtgaa
    aaaaagtgaa gttgaaaaaa gaggaaaaaa
    69361 aaggagaaga taaaaaaata aaataaaaaa
    aggaaaaaaa agaaaaaaag aaagaagggt
    69421 taaaggacga aaagaaggga agagaaaaaa
    aatagtttaa gtgggggagg gtaaaaaaga
    69481 attaataaag taaatatggt tgtggtcgaa
    aaaaaaaaaa aaattgttgt gttgatgaga
    69541 agaaaagaaa aaagaagaaa gggaaaagca
    aaaagaaagg agagaaaaag acaaccccac
    69601 cgcccgggcg catggagggt gaggatggcg
    cacgcccgcg gatggcacag catcacagca
    69661 atcctaaaac gttttcagac cggtgcatct
    tcaccgcgcg cgcgccccgc ccggccctcc
    69721 tcccgccctg accgcggacc cccacccgca
    ccggggagcc tacccccacc ccggggacgc
    69781 tccgccacgc taaggtcagg actgccgtga
    agacgcgccg gggtgaaaac gttttatctt
    69841 catgacataa gcgagtggtt ttgaaacagg
    tttacaaacc ctcgtgaaga cgcaccctta
    69901 gcgttaggtt ttgttttttt accatgtgac
    gatgcaacta ttttcttcct ctcttccaca
    69961 gtggctagtc gcctccagag cgaggggtat
    ctcttgtaca gagaccctcg gaacatccgg
    70021 aggtagtttc ccacctaggg gtaaagcgag
    aaggctcatt acgagggccg gggctcctcg
    70081 gggaagggca gggccctggc gcagaggctc
    tgccacctca gtgacacgca gaccacgcgc
    70141 ggcctgcagg cgccgggctc tgaaagcagg
    caaagcccga tctgctgaca tcaggggttc
    70201 cgcagcagcg aaggtctggc ccgcacctgg
    cccactggca gggggtaagc tctgcctccc
    70261 gacgacagca ccaagttcag gaagggccac
    gcagacactg gtgagacacg gcccccccgg
    70321 agctgcccga gaagctctga ctttgcacta
    aagatctctg gcgcggtcca aaaatgtaag
    70381 gcctctcttc cttttatctt aagactttga
    tatttttacg atgtaataaa taccaagaag
    70441 ggcttttaat ttcagacaga tgtaggataa
    tttcccccgt agcccttgct gctttgttta
    70501 gtaacgaaac tcaaaccaga aataccaaag
    gaattttcca aagagtttca aaagcgctta
    70561 tcagcaatca ctagactgct gcatacatca
    tcactgcccc aaacaatagc ctgcctgtgc
    70621 cagttactca aagtactact tacttgacga
    aaacaaatct agtcctaacg tttttacaaa
    70681 gaaactccac tcttccgcca acttttcaga
    aacaaccact cgatcacgtg gcaggggacc
    70741 gtggctggac tgggtgctgg ctccttctgt
    gaccaggcaa cactgccccc ttctcggcct
    70801 ccctacgcct cttgacaaat gttcatcagc
    tgtaaagttc accccacgag ggacccactt
    70861 ctgctatttc ccacgtacct accccattat
    aggagttttc tttgtgacag tttctgcatt
    70921 tttcatggat ttagaggttt acataatcag
    ggctgctgaa cagcatgaga gacgtggcca
    70981 caaggtccct cctgcacctt gccgcagggg
    cagggcgagt tatctggctt gagcgtggtt
    71041 accatcaggg ggtaaacaca gtttccagga
    cgtttttgac aagacactga cccggatgcc
    71101 cccactacca ccgtgcaggt cctgcaggcc
    tcccagcctc ccaggccctt cccgaggtcc
    71161 cttcggaact taggggactc ggtctgcccc
    cctgggtttt ccctgcacca gcttttgccc
    71221 cctctggacc caggtttccc aaatggaaaa
    cgaaggtgtg ggtatggaag ctccctgggc
    71281 tcctctcagc tgtgcctctg catggtgatg
    acggctgccc atcggggggg gcaggactgg
    71341 ggcagctgcg gacaccctcc caaggctgct
    acccccgagt ggtgtggggc gctgtgggca
    71401 cgctctgctc agcgcacctc ctggaaacca
    gcgcctgccg tctgcccggg gcaaccggcc
    71461 cgggagccaa gcaccactgc cgtcagagga
    gctgctggct gtgagtggac gccagtctag
    71521 ctctgaaccc tgcccaggcc tcctgaggtc
    tgaacattgt aaaatcaggc cccggacggc
    71581 aactgcctct ccctcctgcc gtctggtctc
    cataaactgc atctcaggac aaatcttctc
    71641 actcaccagg gctgaaacag aagactgcag
    ctatctttct caaatctaag gtgtgctaca
    71701 gggcaagtcg cagaaactgt ctggcctaag
    catctcatca gatgcctgag acaagagctg
    71761 tggacgccaa gctggagcca gagctcctcg
    cgttctgccc acctggcacc gcgttccacc
    71821 cagtaaacgc aggcttgatt ttcaaaagta
    ccaccgactc agagccaatg ctaaaccgac
    71881 cacttttcct gcccattaga ttgggtgaag
    gtttctttaa tcaatctgcc agtcaccaca
    71941 tgccgcctct gtgcccacag gctggcgaag
    acctttctga gctacggcat gtggcaggca
    72001 gcggcacctc tcttcagtac ggccagctgt
    caaggggagc gtttctgtga tgatgtgaaa
    72061 atacattgca tccggccccg tgtttcatga
    acacgggtga ggaaaggaaa cacacaaagt
    72121 tctgatgcga ctgacagcac gggtctcata
    actcaataca agtcagacaa accacaggga
    72181 gtcacaggga atcccaatag cctcatctag
    tgtgaccatc atgaggctta atttattcag
    72241 tgtattcaat cataaagagg gggaaaaatt
    gtaaaaaaaa aaaaaaagaa agagtgaaat
    72301 gtgtaatact gaaaactgtt gctaggagaa
    gcaagcattg gcgtttgtaa ctgctttgac
    72361 tccccaagac ccacactcgc ctcgctacaa
    aagggaggca ctgctgctca gtacttgcac
    72421 acccgaactg cggatttgta atttaaaaat
    gtgtgtgtgg acacagcaca agccagagac
    72481 tgccaaaggt tgagggacac tggaagaact
    taatatactt ggtgcatgct gccagtgaca
    72541 gtcagtcacc agctgattca atagagtgcc
    gaaaggtcac cttttaggta aggatgaagg
    72601 ggttctgggc tcgtttactt gcactaactc
    agagttagtc cgagatatcc gaagtgccag
    72661 gtgcctccca tttgctgatg gatctagctc
    agggacggct gggccctagc catccaaaaa
    72721 tcaagcattg ttctcccaac ctgtcttctc
    gctgataatg gaaggtcaga acgcccaccc
    72781 gcccacctca aagtcaaaga acaccaagcg
    ggtgagtccc cactaagctc ggtgtttcca
    72841 atcagcggtt tcaggattcc agctggggca
    atgagggagg gagcgtgcga gggatccaac
    72901 acctcgcccc gtgcgcagca agggataacc
    caacaccccg tttctgtacg tccggctgga
    72961 gttgtggaac tcagcgcgga cccggggcca
    ccgcgacccc cgggaccctg gccgcgcggc
    73021 gcatccccgc tgccgggaca cgggtaagcg
    tccccaaact gccggacgcg gggcggggcc
    73081 ttctccgcca cgccccgata ggccacgccc
    aaggacaagg atggtcgtgc ccagacggcc
    73141 ggggcgggnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    73201 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnncg gagggggggg
    73261 ggcggggcgg gggctgccgc cgcgcgtata
    ggacggtggt cgcccggcct ggggtccggc
    73321 cgggaatgac cccgcctctc cccgcatccc
    gcagccgccc cgccgcgccc tctgccgcgc
    73381 acccgcctgc gcacccgccg ccctcggccg
    cggccccggc ccccgccccg tcgggccagc
    73441 ccggcctgat ggcgcagatg gcgaccaccg
    ccgccggagt ggccgtgggc tcggctgtgg
    73501 gccacgtcgt gggcagcgct ctgaccggag
    ccttcagtgg ggggagctca gagcccgccc
    73561 agcctgcggc ccagcaggtg agcaagggct
    caggggaaac tgaggcccga cacagagccg
    73621 cagcaagaag gatcctactg gtcactcggc
    tgttggcctg gggtcatcac aggcgggctc
    73681 tcccaaccca tcccctgagg ccaaggtccc
    tagaaccccg tgggcagaca ccaaccagcc
    73741 ctttaaatat ggggaaacca aggtgcttag
    gggtcagaga tagccctagg tcgcccaacc
    73801 ctagtagaag ggagggctgt tggagttcct
    gagtgcccgc tctcccaccc cccgggaggc
    73861 cccttcctga gcccaagggt gactggtagt
    cagtgacttt gggcctgccg acctgtaccc
    73921 cactgggcac cccaccagtc ctgagccaca
    tttgggctta gtgacggggt cagggatcat
    73981 gaggatcaat gtggctgagc caggaaggtg
    ttagaacctg tcggcctgga gttcatacca
    74041 gcactgccct gggcttttct agacccatgt
    cccgcctcct gccccacctg cccctgttcc
    74101 cgcaccccac cagcagcggc aggggcttcg
    agagggctgt gggctcaccc tatttcaggg
    74161 atggagccgc taagacctgg ggcacactgc
    ccgctaggga cccctgaggc accagggccg
    74221 ggggctctgc ggaggggcag ccgccacccc
    cagctttgga gtcctctccc gggtgcccag
    74281 cccgagctga tccggctgcc tcccacgctg
    tgccccaggg cccggagcgc gccgccccgc
    74341 agcccctgca gatggggccc tgtgcctatg
    agatcaggca gttcctggac tgctccacca
    74401 cccagagcga cctgaccctg tgtgagggct
    tcagcgaggc cctgaagcag tgcaagtaca
    74461 accacggtga gcggctgctg cccgactggc
    gccagggtgg gaagggcggt ccacggctcc
    74521 cactccttcg gggtgctccc gctattccca
    ggtgctcctg cacttcccat gtgctcccga
    74581 ttctccctgg tgctccctct cctcctggct
    gctcctttgc ctcccaggtg ctcccacttc
    74641 tccctggtgc tcctgctcct cccggcggct
    cctgtacctt cggcctgacc tcctccctct
    74701 acaggtctga gctccctgcc ctaagagacc
    agagcagatt gggtggccag ccctgcaccc
    74761 acctgcaccc ccctcccacc gacagccgga
    ccatgacgtc agattgtacc caccgagctg
    74821 ggacccagag tgaggagggg gtccctcacc
    ccacagatga cctgagatga aaacgtgcaa
    74881 ttaaaagcct ttattttagc cgaacctgct
    gtgtctcctc ttgttggact gtctgcgggg
    74941 ggcggggggg agggagatgg aagtcccact
    gcggggtggg gtgccacccc ttcagctgct
    75001 gccccctgtg gggagggtga ccttgtcatc
    ctgcgtaatc cgacgggcag cgcagaccgg
    75061 atggtgaggc actaactgct gacctcaagc
    ctcaagggcg tccgactccg gccagctgga
    75121 gaccctggag gagcgtgccg cctccttctc
    gtctctgggg gcccctcggt ggcctcacgc
    75181 tctgtcggtc accttgcccc tcttgctgat
    gcaatttccc cgtaattgca gattcagcag
    75241 gaggaatgct tcgggccttt gcacctgacc
    gcatgagcag aggtcacggc cagccccctt
    75301 ggatctcagt ccagctcggc cgcttggccg
    tgacgttcca ggtcacaggg cctgccggca
    75361 cagaggagca ggcccttcag tgccgtcgag
    cactcggagc tgctgcctcc gctgagttca
    75421 ctcagtgtct acgcacagag cgcccactgt
    gtaccaggcc ctattccacg ttccccagtc
    75481 accgagcccc cagggctggt ggggacctgc
    cctcgggtac actgtgtccc gtcacgtggc
    75541 tttacgtgtg tctctgaggg aggctggcat
    tgcggtccac ctctcagcac aaacatctgt
    75601 cccctgggaa gggggtccca tttctgggtg
    cgagcagccc cctggggtcc gtgtctcctc
    75661 cttacctggc tcaaggcccc ggctcctggg
    tcctggacag cagggagccc acccctcggg
    75721 gctgtggagg gggaccttgc ttctggaggc
    cacgccgagg gcccaggcgc cgcctccggc
    75781 cgtcgccctg agggagcagg cccgacgcca
    gcgcggctcc tctgtgaggc ccgggaaacc
    75841 ctgcctgagg gtgcgggtgg gcaggtgccc
    ctgcccccag gctctcctgt gtgagtgaca
    75901 ctcaccagcc agctctggat gccacccatc
    cgggttctcc aggaggcact catagcgggt
    75961 ggggtcccct ccctcccccc tctgtggagg
    gagggagtct gatcactggg aggctggtgg
    76021 tccgtacccg cccccccgac tctggacgtg
    tttactaccc ccgcctgggc tcaggacagg
    76081 gcattggatg ggaaggacag ggctgggtcc
    tggccaggct gggggctctg cagggcatgg
    76141 gtgcccctgt ctcttcttat attccaacgt
    cactgcaggg gggcgcaaat cttggacccc
    76201 acttactgat gatctgcatc aggacatagg
    tcccccctcc tgcagcgggg ggctggccac
    76261 ggagggcgct ggggaaggcc cctcctccag
    cccctcggcg aggctcacca ggtgcccatc
    76321 ctcagccagc agggcgacgc tcgctgggag
    ggcggagagg gaggcagggc agggctggta
    76381 cgacccccgc tggggcgggg gggccctcag
    ccggtcctcc agcacccttg ctgccccccc
    76441 tcaccgtcag ggggcacctg gccgctctgc
    ctcaggtggg cggtgagggt cccaaggcca
    76501 caccaggtgt tcaccagctc ccagcagctg
    gctgtgggag aggggcagag gtgggcgcat
    76561 ggcacccgcc ttccccccag accaggatgc
    tctgccttcc tcccgcccat ctccccagac
    76621 atctgaagga ctcttgcctc caccatgcag
    ccccgcctcc accagaagct caggttcccc
    76681 gccccccctc cccgaagctg caggacccct
    gaccagcgaa gagatgggac agttggaaca
    76741 cacgctcccc cagcagcggc acagcagctg
    tgtggcccag aagagcccgc ctgtttccct
    76801 caagcaactc cccatggatg tcatcccatg
    gacaccccct tccccacacc gcctcctcgt
    76861 tctccccctc caaggcagag ggaacgcacc
    cccacctgtc tgctaggaca ggggacccca
    76921 cttacctccg aacatcacct tgataaacat
    ggccgtggtg gggacagatc cctccgaccc
    76981 ccaacttccg acctggggaa ggagctgggg
    tggagctcga ctgcagggtg gggccctgtg
    77041 ggaggtgtac gggtggagag ggtgatgggt
    gggtgggctc aagcggagct ccttgctcag
    77101 tccaggcggt ccctgcagct agtccaggat
    cctcagcctt ctccccctca ctggatcagg
    77161 gaagactgag gttccctccc ctgccccccc
    acccagcttc caagctggtc tctgtggcag
    77221 tgggagctgc caagaggtct gagcggccag
    tatccgggta acggggtttg tggagggtcc
    77281 gggcattccc ggtgcagggc tctagtgggg
    gctggagcct cgggcccaga gctgtccaga
    77341 gaccagtgcc ctcccaccgc cgccgcccgc
    aaggagagac agagctccca ggcggggagt
    77401 cggaggttcc tggaggggga gcatcctcaa
    ctctgcaggc ccccttccca ggcgcactcc
    77461 cggcctcccc gtcttctgtc ccctgctctt
    gttgaagtat gattggcata cagttcacag
    77521 ccactcttcg gagtgttctc cacactaagg
    atacagaaca tgtccctcgt ccccccaaac
    77581 tcccagccag gctgtcacga agagggaggc
    ggccgacggg gcagggcctt gcactcctgc
    77641 gtgtggggtc cacaggggtc gtccccgtgt
    cggtggcccc ttcctctcac gccaggaggg
    77701 tccccttgcc tggaggtgcc gtggatccgc
    tcgctgcctg ctctttgggt tgtttcccgc
    77761 atggggtgat gatgaagagg ccagtacaga
    cactcgccag caggtctctg ggtgaacagg
    77821 catttatttc tctttcctga gggcagatcc
    tgggagtggg gtgccggacc gtccggggag
    77881 agtatgcttc tgtttctaag aagctgccgt
    gttctccagt gtgctgcacc atgtcacggc
    77941 ccctctgtgc gtctggactc aggagacctc
    cttctcagcg gccctccccc ccaggtggtc
    78001 aggccatctg tgcccttctg ggggcagagc
    tcagcgccgg aggcgggagg aggcccagat
    78061 cccagcgcag cccaccagcg ttgctctgct
    tccctcggca ttcatagctg gagaaagggc
    78121 aaggagcacc ggctgaagcc ccacctggag
    gacgcacttc gatggcagca ggtgctcaga
    78181 ggtggccccg ggcagcattc cccagacgca
    caggccagtg ctttcttccc aggacaccac
    78241 tgtgtctggg gacccgagtc ctgcagcacg
    gtcgggagcg gctgtgccca gattccggcc
    78301 tgcacccttg gctccagcca ccacccctgt
    ttgtcaaggg gtttttgtct ttcgagccgc
    78361 cgaggaggga gtcttttgtc tgcagtgtca
    cagaagtgcc ataaagaggg gcccacagtg
    78421 ggagctttat aacattggtg cggagggctg
    taacaggtca gggaggcact tgagggagcc
    78481 ttctagggcg atggagatgt tctaaaattt
    ggtctgggta caggctacag agatgtgtgg
    78541 gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt aaaaccctcg
    agccacacgt gtgaggtctg tgcatgtgac
    78601 cgtacacagg agacctcggt ggaaagcagc
    cacctgctct gactgcacct gtggatttcc
    78661 agctcctgcc ctcaggcggc cctgcggggc
    ccactggctg acggggagac ggcaccgccc
    78721 tcccccgctg tcagggtggg ggggctgacg
    atttgcatgt cgtgtcaggg tccagcggcc
    78781 tcccttgcgt ggaggtcccg aagcacctgg
    agcgccgccc gcagaacagc ggactcctgc
    78841 ctgcctccct gcctctggcc atggcctgcc
    cgcctctggc cctctttctg ctcggggccc
    78901 tcctggcagg tgagccctcc caaggcctgg
    ctcacctagg ggtgtgtaag acagcacggg
    78961 gctctagaag taaatcgcgg ggaagtaaat
    cgtagtgggc aggggggatg gtttccgaag
    79021 gggccctgag ggggacagga gacctggcct
    cagtttcccc actggtgagt gaccagatag
    79081 ccagggtacc tttggactct gactctgggg
    ggctctcaga gactggtctc ctactcagtt
    79141 tttcagaggg gaagctggtg tggccttgtc
    actgccctgc agggcctcag ggacaagcta
    79201 tccctgagga ggtctccagc agtcagtggc
    cggaggctga gccgatggat atagtaacag
    79261 cccaggcggc ctcttggggg tggtcagcct
    gtagccaggt tttggacgag ccgaagtgac
    79321 ctaagtgatg ggggtctgca gagcaaggga
    tgagggtggg cagcaggagg acccagagcc
    79381 caccagccca ccctctgaat tctggaccct
    tagctgcatg tggctccttg ggaagacggg
    79441 gcttaagggt tgcccgctct gtggcccaca
    cagtgctgat tccacagcac tggctgtgag
    79501 cttttgggag cagattctcc cggggagtct
    gacccaggct ttgtggggca ggggctggag
    79561 ggaaggggcc caggccagac ctgagtgtgt
    gtctctcagc ctcccagcca gccctgacca
    79621 agccagaagc actgctggtc ttcccaggac
    aagtggccca actgtcctgc acgatcagcc
    79681 cccattacgc catcgtcggg gacctcggcg
    tgtcctggta tcagcagcga gcaggcagcg
    79741 ccccccgcct gctcctctac taccgctcag
    aggagcacca acaccgggcc cccggcattc
    79801 cggaccgctt ctctgcagct gcggatgcag
    cccacaacac ctgcatcctg accatcagcc
    79861 ccgtgcagcc cgaagatgac gccgattatt
    actgctttgt gggtgactta ttctaggggt
    79921 gtgggatgag tgtcttccgt ctgcctgcca
    cttctactcc tgaccttggg accctctctc
    79981 tgagcctcag ttttcctcct ctgtgaaatg
    ggttaataac actcaccatg tcaacaataa
    80041 ctgctctgag ggttatgaga tccctgtggc
    tcggggtgtg ggggtaggga tggtcctggg
    80101 gattactgca gaagaggaag cacctgagac
    ccttggcgtg gggcccagcc tccccaccag
    80161 cccccagggg cccagactgg tggctcttgc
    cttcctgtga cgggaggagc tggagtgaga
    80221 gaaaaaggaa ccagcctttg ctggtcccgg
    ctctgcatgg ctggttgggt tccaacactc
    80281 aacgagggga ctggaccggg tcttcgggag
    cccctgccta ctcctgggtg gggcaagggg
    80341 gcaggtgtga gtgtgtgtgt ggggtgcaga
    cactcagagg cacctgaagg caggtgggca
    80401 gagggcaggg gaggcatggg cagcagccct
    cctggggtag agaggcaggc ttgccaccag
    80461 aagcagaact tagccctggg aggggggtgg
    gggggttgaa gaacacagct ctcttctctc
    80521 ccggttcctc taagaggcgc cacatgaaca
    gggggactac ccatcagatg nnnnnnnnnn
    80581 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    80641 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    agagggtggg tgggtggaat ttaatatagt
    80701 ggtgcgcgtg gagcgtgggc ggcgcattta
    aggcggtcat ctaaaatagt ggataggggg
    80761 tggtgtgaca ataacgggtg gtggatgtgg
    tttacggggg gtgcaatagt tctgagtftg
    80821 ttagtgtctt cttgatgggg ttgcggcgtg
    tggacctacg ccttgagtat gtgggggggg
    80881 aaaagcagtg agggtagtag ggatgggaaa
    tattggtgga ggttctttgt tggtgtattt
    80941 tttggtatta tgttgggtgg tggagtggtg
    ggttgggtgt aatttcgctt gcgttatgtg
    81001 ttttttttct ttttcgtgtc gtgggttggg
    ttggttggtg ctttgtggtg gtggtgggtt
    81061 gtggtataaa aaaaaatgtg tggttgtgct
    cagcttagcc ctataacggt cggctttgtt
    81121 tcttgtttgt tctgtgggcg tgagcggatg
    gctcgggcct ccgtgctccg cggcgcggcc
    81181 tcgcgcgccc tcctgctccc gctgctgctg
    ctgctgctgc tcccgccgcc gccgctgctg
    81241 ctggcccggg ccccgcggcc gccggtgagt
    gcccgccgtc ctccagcccc cccgccccgc
    81301 cccgccctcc acgccgaggg gcgccggctc
    gcagagctgg atccaagggg gtgcccggga
    81361 gtggcccggc gcggcccgtt accccgaaac
    gctgtctggg tgccccgggg gtgtggtgga
    81421 tagtgagctt cccgtccctg gaagtatgca
    agtgaagccg gcgccgggat cgctcgggct
    81481 ggctggtgag cgggcgggac tcggtcgggc
    gctagacgca cgccgccagc cccccagctc
    81541 ccagacctgc ccactccgcg cccgcccggc
    cgcgatcccg ggtgtgtgtg tgtgttgcag
    81601 gggagggaca gcgggagtgg ctacagggct
    cccgactcac cgcagggaca aagacccgcg
    81661 ggtccccagc tggcgtcagc cgccaggtgt
    gtggcctcgg tgagcacacc tccaggcggg
    81721 agggttgagg gaagcgctgt ggggagggca
    tgcggggtct gagcctggaa gagacggatg
    81781 ctaccgcctg ggacctgtga gtggcgggat
    tgggaggcta tggaatcagg aggcagccta
    81841 agcgtgagag ctccggtgtg gcctggcggg
    ggtggtaggg gggggacgcc cctgtgtgtg
    81901 ccagcctgcg tgtgccctaa aggctgcgcc
    ctcccccact gctggggctt cgggggacca
    81961 gtcacagcct aggctactgc aggcgcacag
    ctccccggga gcccggccca cgcgggtgtg
    82021 ccgctgagcc tccagcctgt cggggcaggg
    gtggggggca gggatggggt cgttagcggg
    82081 gttgggggca gacgcccagg cagactctct
    gggcacagct ccggtgacaa gggaggtctg
    82141 gcaagcctgg gccccttctg tccagccacg
    ccagctctgc cctggccagt cttgccccct
    82201 ggcagtgctg gggatggaag ggggagcggg
    tacctcagtc tgggggccct gcctcctccc
    82261 cagccccgcc cggcccccta ggcctagggg
    cagagtctag gggtcaccct ggggagctgc
    82321 tgaatccgcg ggtttaggaa ccggagggac
    ctgggctttt gaaccacgtg gccctaggtg
    82381 agccctccgg cgcctcggta gccctcaccc
    ccagccttgt ccaggtgggc gggtgggagg
    82441 cgacagtgcc cactgctggg ctgaacagcg
    tctgcaggga ggccaggaga gctgggcaca
    82501 cggacacgtt ccatcacctg gagctgccac
    tgtgccactt gtgcggggtc aggcggggtc
    82561 tgagccgggc tgtcatctgt cacgccacag
    atatgcaggg ggcactcggg gtcgcctcgg
    82621 acatgcttat ccctggacgg ctgttggcag
    ggccgggaag gctctgtaaa tatttatcca
    82681 tcccagctca cagctttcag ggttgatgaa
    agccccgccg cccgcccact gtgggggacc
    82741 ccgccttccc ttctggagcc agcggggtga
    gggggtgggg gagatggacc tgcctgccca
    82801 ggagcaggcg gtgtgactct ggcaggtcac
    ttgacctctc tgagcctcag ggagggcccg
    82861 ggatggtgtg cggatgctct ctgccttcct
    cccagcctga ccagtgtcct cccctcgggg
    82921 tcgcctcctg cccaccgcag agggggtggc
    tatggggacc tgggccgatg gcaggcaggc
    82981 cggagagggc atgcccggct cagccgtgcc
    cagcacttcc cagtccaggg gcccccgcca
    83041 ctcccagccg ctggctgcct cccattttcc
    cgattgcagg ttggccccga ggctgaccgg
    83101 agcctctggc tcagctggga gactgaattc
    cccaagcaat tcctcaagga tgtgtgaggc
    83161 tgtggtgtgg tgcctatccg ggagaggtgg
    ggtgagcgga ctgggcacct ccgcccaggg
    83221 caggcccagg gagacgctgg ctgacgagca
    ggcaggcctg caaggaggac gagcagccat
    83281 ctcaggaatg tgggttttgg agacaagcca
    cagctggggg ggtggggggg ccatgggtgg
    83341 ggaggcctga tccccaggtc taggtccagc
    tctgggctcc ctcgccgtgt gaccctgggc
    83401 caagacctgg acctctctgg gccccgtctc
    ttcccctggg aggtggggcg atgcctgctc
    83461 cccaatcccc cagggctgtg gatgaggcag
    acgaggtgtg tgctcatccc cacctcactg
    83521 ccttccagca gccccgggcg gggggggtgg
    tggggactgg cgcacccagg tgaggatcag
    83581 gccttggagc tagggagggc cccccagccc
    caggccagaa aggacacggg gagacagaat
    83641 gcaggagggc ggcagagcag gggccagcgg
    tggggaaact gaggccaaga gcctgtggac
    83701 gatgtgctcc aggaaaggac ctcgctgcct
    ggggcctgga tcctagagcc tccaggagcg
    83761 gtgaccatga cgtgggcagg gaaccggagg
    ccccggcttg caggtggacc cggcgcgagt
    83821 cactcttcct ctctggccct gagagcttcc
    ttccagctgc cgctcctgtg ttctaatgtc
    83881 aagtctggag gcctgggggg caggtggggg
    ctgactgcca ggtgggggag ggcaggaatt
    83941 tggcagagca gcgtcccaga gtgggagaag
    ccagcccatg gaggggactc tctccatgcc
    84001 tgctgcccca aagggcgtta tagagagagg
    tcggttaccc cttcgccatg gccccgttcc
    84061 cattgaacag atgggaaagt ggaggctgag
    agaaggctgt gacttgccca gggtctccgt
    84121 ggcatggaac tgggcctgct gagtctcagg
    ccggggatct cgctgctgca ctgagcacgc
    84181 caggatgcag gggtctgggc ctggacctag
    cgcctcgtgg gggcaagaga ggaaggcacg
    84241 ctgggcctgc ctgtcaccct ccaccccacc
    gtggcttgtt gctcaggcct tcctgggggc
    84301 agaggagagg ggagatttca ctcgctggca
    ggctaggccc tgggctctct ggggctccgg
    84361 gggaacaatg cagccctggt ctttctgagg
    agggtccttg gacctccacc agggttgagg
    84421 aaaggatttc tgttcctcct ggaggtcacg
    gagccgacat ggggaggagc aggggcaggc
    84481 ccggggccca catcctcagt gtgagacctg
    gacgtgtgtc ctcccacctg acgctggggg
    84541 tggggggtgg gggccggggg ggatccagtg
    aaccctgccc ccaaattgtc tggaagacag
    84601 cgggtacttg gtcatttccc cttcctcctc
    ttcgtttgcc ctggtgggga cagtccctcc
    84661 cctggggaag ggggacccca gcctgaagaa
    cagagcagag ctggggtcag gggtgtgctg
    84721 ggagcgcaga gagcctcctg ctctgcctgc
    tggtcattcc tggtggctct ggagtcggca
    84781 gctggtgggg agcggctggg gtgctcgtct
    gagctctggg gtgcccaggg cctgggagag
    84841 ttgccagagg ctgaggccga gggtggggcc
    ctggcggccc ggctcctgcc ccaaatatgg
    84901 ctcgggaagg ccacagcggc actgagcaga
    caggccgggc cagacgggcg ctgaggctcc
    84961 cggcctctcc cccagctccg ctgtgaccct
    cacctgcggc ccggggtgcc agggcccccg
    85021 cttggttctg ccgtgtcttt gcaggctgat
    cccacgggct ctccctgcct ctctgagctt
    85081 ccgccttttc caggcagggg aaccgcgacc
    tccaggctgg gacgcgggga gggtgtatgc
    85141 gccaggtcag aatcacccct ccaccgggag
    agcgtggtcc aggggccctg gcagggtggg
    85201 gaccgagcat ctgggaactg ccagccaccc
    ccacccatgc agaggggaca tacagaccac
    85261 acggaggctg tgcctccgct gcagcaactg
    gagaacaccc agccgcggcc aaacataaat
    85321 aactaaataa taaaagtttt aaagatcgtt
    acttaaaaaa acaagtgtgc cccagtgatc
    85381 ggaccccagt tcccggtgcc ctgagtggtg
    ccggccctgt gctgagcatg gcctggttgg
    85441 ttcaccccca gatccacact aaagggtggg
    atcaccccta ctagtcaggt gagcagatgc
    85501 agggggggag ggcggcagcc cctccatgct
    ggtgggtggc cgtggtgggt gtcctgggca
    85561 ggagccagct cacggagctg gagaggacag
    acctgggggg ttgggggcgc ccaggaagaa
    85621 acgcaggggg agaggtgtct gccgggggtg
    ggggtccctt cgaggctgtg cgtgaagagg
    85681 gcaggcgggc ctgcagcccc acctacccgt
    ccccggccca aacggcggga gtaagtgacc
    85741 ctgggcacct ggggccctcc aggagggggc
    gggaggcctt gggatcagca tctggacgcc
    85801 agtcagcccg cgccagagcg ccatgctccc
    cgacggcctc cgctggagtg aggctgcgct
    85861 gacacccaca ccgctgaccc gggcctctct
    cccgctcagg atgccccccg ccgccacccc
    85921 gtgagcagag ggccacagcc ctggcccgac
    gcccctcccg acagtgacgc ccccgccctg
    85981 gccacccagg aggccctccc gcttgctggc
    cgccccagac ctccccgctg cggcgtgcct
    86041 gacctgcccg atgggccgag tgcccgcaac
    cgacagaagc ggttcgtgct gtcgggcggg
    86101 cgctgggaga agacggacct cacctacagg
    tagggccagt ggccacgagc tggcctttga
    86161 tctccacctg ctgtctgaga cacgctggag
    ctggggggag ggcagatccc tatggccaac
    86221 aggctggagt gtcccccaac tcccgtgccc
    actgctcaac accccaaacc cacacttaga
    86281 tgcactccca tgccctccct tgggagcacg
    gtctccacac ccacctggcc accccacaca
    86341 cccgtggggc acggccgtta gtcacccacg
    caacctctgc gggcaccgtg ctgcgggcca
    86401 ggccctggga ctctcagtga gggaggcaga
    cacggcccct cctccggggg agcgaggtgc
    86461 tccccacgcc cggttcagct ctagcaccgc
    actcgggacc ctcacaggga gggacccact
    86521 ggggcaggcc aggtgacggc tcgggtgacc
    tcggcccctg gcgctgagac tacacttcct
    86581 gcagtgggcg gcgaagatgg gtgtggtgtc
    ccacgtcgtt gcagcgggga ctcctggggc
    86641 ctcggaagtg tcctgggcgg ggagcctggg
    gagcaggaag ggcaggtctt ggggtccaag
    86701 gcctccccac ggtcaggtct gggagggggc
    ctcggggctc ttgggtcctt tccgcccagt
    86761 gcagaccctc gcggccacct aagggcacac
    agaccacaca aagctgtgcc catgcagtgt
    86821 ggggagtggt gcgcaccctc agagcacact
    gggcccacat cacgcacgcc tgccccctca
    86881 ctgtgcatcc ggggaaactc ctggccccga
    cagccagcgg ggctgacgct accccgtgag
    86941 ccagacccag gcccccctca ccgcccctgt
    cctccccagg atcctccggt tcccatggca
    87001 gctgctgcgg gaacaggtgc ggcagacggt
    ggcggaggcc ctccaggtgt ggagcgatgt
    87061 cacaccgctc accttcaccg aggtgcacga
    gggccgcgcc gacatcgtga tcgacttcac
    87121 caggtgagcg ggggcctgag ggcaccccca
    ccctgggaag gaaacccatc tgccggcagc
    87181 cactgactct gcccctaccc accccccgac
    aggtactggc acggggacaa tctgcccttt
    87241 gatggacctg ggggcatcct ggcccacgcc
    ttcttcccca agacccaccg agaaggggat
    87301 gtccacttcg actatgatga gacctggacc
    atcggggaca accagggtag gggctggggc
    87361 cccactttcc ggaggggccc tgtcgaggcc
    ccggagccgg gcccgggctc tgcgtccgct
    87421 ggggagctcg cgcattgccg ggctgtctcc
    ctcttccagg cacggatctc ctgcaggtgg
    87481 cggcacacga gtttggccac gtgctcgggc
    tgcagcacac gacagctgcg aaggccctga
    87541 tgtccccctt ctacaccttc cgctacccac
    tgagcctcag cccagacgac cgcaggggca
    87601 tccagcagct gtacggccgg cctcagctag
    ctcccacgtc caggcctccg gacctgggcc
    87661 ctggcaccgg ggcggacacc aacgagatcg
    cgccgctgga ggtgaggccc tgctccccct
    87721 gcccacggct gcctctgcag ctccaacatg
    ggctcctcct aacccttcgc tctcacccca
    87781 gccggacgcc ccaccggatg cctgccaggt
    ctcctttgac gcagccgcca ccatccgtgg
    87841 cgagctcttc ttcttcaagg caggctttgt
    gtggcggctg cgcgggggcc ggctgcagcc
    87901 tggctaccct gcgctggcct ctcgccactg
    gcaggggctg cccagccctg tggatgcagc
    87961 cttcgaggac gcccagggcc acatctggtt
    cttccaaggt gagtgggagc cgggtcacac
    88021 tcaggagact gcagggagcc aggaacgtca
    tggccaaggg tagggacaga cagacgtgat
    88081 gagcagatgg acagacggag ggggtcccgg
    agttttgggg cccaggaaga gcgtgactca
    88141 ctcctctggg cacagctggg aggcttcctg
    gaggaggcgg ttctcgaagc gggagtagga
    88201 taaaaggtat tgcaccccat gaagcacgtg
    tgatccttgc ccctagagac aaggctctgg
    88261 ggctcagagg tggtgaagtg acccacatga
    gggcacagct tggagaatgt cgggagggat
    88321 gtgagctcag tgtgccagag atgggagcct
    ggagcatgcc aaggggcagg gcctgctgcc
    88381 tgagagctgg cactggggtg ggcagccaag
    tgcagggatg gagcgggcgc ccaggtggcc
    88441 tctttgctgc tcagaacgac ctttcccatg
    tatacctccc agcgccgctg gcattgccca
    88501 gtgtccttct tgggggcagg agtaccaagc
    aggcattatt actggccttt tgtgttttat
    88561 ggacaacgaa actgaggctg ggaaggtccg
    aggtggtgtt ggtggcggaa ggtggccgct
    88621 gggcagccct gttgcagcac acacccccca
    cccaccgttt ctccaacagg agctcagtac
    88681 tgggtgtatg acggtgagaa gccggtcctg
    ggccccgcgc ccctctccga gctgggcctg
    88741 caggggtccc cgatccatgc cgccctggtg
    tggggctccg agaagaacaa gatctacttc
    88801 ttccgaagtg gggactactg gcgcttccag
    cccagcgccc gccgcgtgga cagccctgtg
    88861 ccgcgccggg tcaccgactg gcgaggggtg
    ccctcggaga tcgacgcggc cttccaggat
    88921 gctgaaggtg tgcagggggc aggccctctg
    cccagccccc tcccattccg cccctcctcc
    88981 tgccaaggac tgtgctaact ccctgtgctc
    catctttgtg gctgtgggca ccaggcacgg
    89041 catggagact gaggcccgtg cccaggtccc
    ttggatgtgg ctagtgaaat cagtccgagg
    89101 ctccagcctc tgtcaggctg ggtggcagct
    cagaccagac cctgagggca ggcagaaggg
    89161 ctcgcccaag ggtagaaaga ccctggggct
    tccttggtgg ctcagacagt aaagcgtctg
    89221 cctgcaatgc gggagacctg gattcgatcc
    ctgggtcagg gagatcccct ggagaaggaa
    89281 atggcaatgc cctccggtac tgttgcctgg
    aaaattccat ggacagagca gcctggaagc
    89341 tccatggggt cgcgaagagt cagacacaat
    ggagcgactt cactgtctta agggccacct
    89401 gaggtcctca ggtttcaagg aacccagcag
    tggccaaggc ctgtgcccat ccctctgtcc
    89461 acttaccagg ccctgaccct cctgtctcct
    caggcttcgc ctacttcctg cgtggccgcc
    89521 tctactggaa gtttgacccc gtgaaggtga
    aagccctgga gggcttcccc cggctcgtgg
    89581 gccccgactt cttcagctgt actgaggctg
    ccaacacttt ccgctgatca ccgcctggct
    89641 gtcctcaggc cctgacacct ccacacagga
    gaccgtggcc gtgcctgtgg ctgtaggtac
    89701 caggcagggc acggagtcgc ggctgctatg
    ggggcaaggc agggcgctgc caccaggact
    89761 gcagggaggg ccacgcgggt cgtggccact
    gccagcgact gtctgagact gggcaggggg
    89821 gctctggcat ggaggctgag ggtggtcttg
    ggctggctcc acgcagcctg tgcaggtcac
    89881 atggaaccca gctgcccatg gtctccatcc
    acacccctca gggtcgggcc tcagcagggc
    89941 tgggggagct ggagccctca ccgtcctcgc
    tgtggggtcc catagggggc tggcacgtgg
    90001 gtgtcagggt cctgcgcctc ctgcctccca
    caggggttgg ctctgcgtag gtgctgcctt
    90061 ccagtttggt ggttctggag acctattccc
    caagatcctg gccaaaaggc caggtcagct
    90121 ggtgggggtg cttcctgcca gagaccctgc
    accctggggg ccccagcata cctcagtcct
    90181 atcacgggtc agatcctcca aagccatgta
    aatgtgtaca gtgtgtataa agctgttttg
    90241 tttttcattt tttaaccgac tgtcattaaa
    cacggtcgtt ttctacctgc ctgctggggt
    90301 gtctctgtga gtgcaaggcc agtatagggt
    ggaactggac cagggagttg ggaggcttgg
    90361 ctggggaccc gctcagtccc ctggtcctca
    gggctgggtg ttggttcagg gctccccctg
    90421 ctccatctca tcctgcttga atgcctacag
    tggcttcaca gtctgctccc catctcccca
    90481 gcggcctctc agaccgtcgt ccaccaagtg
    ctgctcacgt tttccgatcc agccactgtc
    90541 aggacacaga accgaactca aggttactgt
    ggctgactcc tcactctctg gggtctactt
    90601 gcctgccacc ctcagagagc caaggatccg
    cctgtgatgc aggagtgagt gaagtcgctc
    90661 agccgagtcc gactctttgc aaccccatag
    gactgtagcc taccaggctc ctctgtctat
    90721 gggatttttc aggcaagagt gctggagtgg
    gttgccattt ccttctccag gggatcttcc
    90781 caaccctggt ctcccgcata gcaggcagac
    tctttactgt ctgagccacc aggcaatgca
    90841 ggagacctag gttcagtctc tgggtgggga
    agatcccctg gagaagggaa tgacaacctg
    90901 cttcagtatt cttgattggg gaatcccatg
    gacaaaggag cctggaggcc tacagcccat
    90961 agggtgcaaa gagacacgac tgagcaagtc
    acacacacag agccctacgt ggatgctcat
    91021 agcggcacct catagctgcc atgtatcagg
    tgttggcatg ggcagccatc agcagggggc
    91081 catttctgac ccactgcctt gttccaccgg
    atacacgggt gccttcctgt gtgtcgggcc
    91141 cactcggctg tcagcgccca agggcagggc
    tgtcgggagg cacagggcac agagttaagg
    91201 aggggatggg gacgttagct cctccccagc
    tctcagcgga tgcagcaggc aaaacaaacg
    91261 ctaggaatcc tgccaaaccc ggtagtctct
    gcccatgctc gccccatccc cagagccaca
    91321 agaacgggag ctggggggtg gcccggagct
    gggatactgg tccctgggcc cgcccatgtg
    91381 ctcggccgca cagcgtcctc cgggcgggga
    aactgaggca cgggcgcctc cggcttcctc
    91441 cccgccttcc gggcctcgcc tcgttcctcc
    tcaccagggc agtattccag ccccggctgt
    91501 gagacggaga agggcgccgt tcgagtcagg
    gccgcggctg ttatttctgc cggtgagcgg
    91561 ccttccctgg tacctccact tgagaggcgg
    ccgggaaggc cgagaaacgg gccgaggctc
    91621 ctttaagggg cccgtggggg cgcgcccggc
    ccttttgtcc gggtggcggc ggcggcgacg
    91681 cgcgcgtcag cgtcaacgcc cgcgcctgcg
    cactgagggc ggcctgcttg tcgtctgcgg
    91741 cggcggcggc ggcggcggcg gaggaggcga
    accccatctg gcttggcaag agactgagnn
    91801 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    91861 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnct gcaggtgccg gcggtgacgc
    91921 ggacgtacac cgcggcctgc gtcctcacca
    ccgccgccgt ggtaaccgcc cccgggggtt
    91981 gccaaggtta cgattggacc ctccccgccc
    cgaccctgct cccctagggt gggtgggtcg
    92041 gggggcagtt tctaagatct cctggttccg
    cagcagctgg aactcctcag tcccttccag
    92101 ctctacttca acccgcacct cgtgttccgg
    aagttccagg tgaggccgcc ccgccccttg
    92161 cacttgctgg cccaacccct cccgcccagc
    gctggcctga ccgcccccca ccccgcccac
    92221 cccacgcagg tttggaggct catcaccaac
    ttcctcttct tcgggcccct gggattcagc
    92281 ttcttcttca acatgctctt cgtgtatcct
    gcgccgtggt ggaagcggga ggagggcggg
    92341 gcgggggacc gggcgggagg cagcgggccc
    cgggaagctg agaccctcca aggggcacgc
    92401 ttcctatacc aaagccgcag gttccgctac
    tgccgcatgc tggaggaggg ctccttccgc
    92461 ggccgcacgg ccgacttcgt cttcatgttt
    ctcttcgggg gcgtcctgat gactgtatcc
    92521 ttcccgggct cggggaccta tgggtccggg
    cctctgctgg ccctgaggcc ctgcttgagc
    92581 gcatgccaca gagggagagt tgcgaccccg
    agctgagggt gtttttgagc gtacatcacg
    92641 tgctcagctg caggtgcccc tgtcgaactc
    cagggctaca cccaaaatac cacagggcag
    92701 ggtgcccagg ggctgagtcc tgaatgcagg
    tagccaggag gatctagggc tgggcccggg
    92761 ggctggggtg aagtggagag gcagggccga
    tcagggggcc cctggaggcc accgtttggt
    92821 cttagagtgg gaagcgaaac caacctgctt
    gagggtttca ggggtttagg aagtcagagg
    92881 ggccctgggc agggcacaag accttgactc
    tggcccagct actggggctc ctgggtagcc
    92941 tcttcttcct gggccaggcc ctcacggcca
    tgctggtgta cgtgtggagc cgccgcagcc
    93001 ctggggtgag ggtcaacttc tttggcctcc
    tcaccttcca ggcgccgttc ctgccctggg
    93061 cgctcatggg cttttcaatg ctgctgggca
    actccatcct ggtggacctg ctgggtgagc
    93121 ctgctgtcca gggagcctgc cccaagctgg
    gtgtgctggg ccagagccct ggtcctctcc
    93181 ccgcccccac ccctcttccc cactcctggc
    gcccccatcc ttccagcccc tccaacaagt
    93241 cagcctatag gttttactta ttcgagcctg
    acccatttgc tgacgcttgt gtggggcccg
    93301 acccggtagg gatgggtggc tcagggtgcc
    tgctcacagc tccacttctt ctgacgtcct
    93361 caggcctgac ctcctcccag gttctgccta
    ctctgggcca agcctggccc cacgctgggc
    93421 tggctggccg tgcagggcat cagaccccca
    tgctttgggg gcttcagggc tgtggagggt
    93481 ggcctcggca ttggcgcctc tcccacaggg
    attgcggtgg gccacgtcta ctacttcctg
    93541 gaggacgtct tccccaacca gcctggaggc
    aagaggctgc tgctgacccc cagcttcctg
    93601 tgagtgctga cagccttccc cacccccttc
    cccagatggc tctctacccc atgagggggg
    93661 gggaccctgc cagctgccgc tcagcgtggg
    ctcctcccca caggaaactg ctactggatg
    93721 ccccagagga ggaccccaat tacctgcccc
    tccccgagga gcagccagga cccctgcagc
    93781 agtgaggacg acctcaccca gagccgggtc
    ccccaccccc acccctggcc tgcaacgcag
    93841 ctccctgtcc tggaggccgg gcctgggccc
    agggcccccg ccctgaataa acaagtgacc
    93901 tgcagcctgt tcgccacagc actggctctc
    ctgccgcggc cagcctctcc acgcggggca
    93961 ggtgctgctg gccgagagcc agggccacca
    agcctgacgt gctctccgac ccagaacatt
    94021 ggcacagctg gaggcccaga gagggtccag
    aacctgccca ctcgccagca gaactctgag
    94081 cacagagggc agccctgctg gggttctcat
    ccctgccctg cctgtgccgt aattcagctt
    94141 ccactgatgg ggctcacatc tcaggggcgg
    ggctgggact gggatgctgg gttgtgctga
    94201 gctttggccg tgggggccct cctgtcccga
    actagcaacc cccaagggga cctctgcttc
    94261 atttcccagc caggccactg aaggacgggc
    caggtgcaga agagggccag gccctttctg
    94321 tgactccgaa gcctcaagtg tcagtgtttg
    cagagtccag tggctgaggc agaggcctct
    94381 gggaagctct gcccctgccg tttgcagctg
    aggccggcag gagcctcacc tggtccccag
    94441 ctcacgggca ttggaggacc agtccgcacg
    gtggtttact cctgggtcgg caccagccgc
    94501 cgccggctgt ccctttcaca gaggataaaa
    gtactcgctc tggagttgga ctttaatgtt
    94561 gtcatgaaac ctctggccca gcagcgggct
    ccgcagtggg tggcaggtga aggcccctcc
    94621 ccgggcctct ccaggcaggt gccgcctggc
    cagcagggaa ggcaggcagt gtcatccccc
    94681 actggctctg gggctcaggc tacctcctgc
    tgtggccgga acatctcccc cagtggtgga
    94741 gcccagtgtc cgtgaggcca gctgggcctg
    aaaccttcct ctctgaagcc ccgctgtccc
    94801 cttgccctgt atggagggca gaggctggag
    cgcaagttcc taggatgtgc ttgcgagacc
    94861 cccgagccca ggggcgaggc ccatctcagc
    ccacccccga actggaaacc cttggagctc
    94921 tgcccctcgt ggtgtgaggc ccctgctatg
    cgaccctcag ccctgccagc aacggaaggt
    94981 gcagggcccg ggcccacggg cttaacgcaa
    ctgggcctgg gtcacctgcg gggcctggtc
    95041 ccaggaggaa gacccaggtg ccaccctcct
    gggtgccacg tccaggtcac gtggggaccc
    95101 gtccatgtca cagaagatgc agggtcaccc
    ggtgagctgg cgccgggccc tgccagagca
    95161 ccagccgcgg gtggaggtgg gccccagctc
    tcctgtcagg cacgtggtgc tgggaggtgc
    95221 ggccggagca gtgcccacca gctgcagcag
    gacaggtggg cacaggccca ccagcagtgc
    95281 ccgcacggga tgggcccctg caagggccag
    agaagccacg ctcctggctg ggggctgggc
    95341 tgggactgac aggtggccct gccctctgcg
    ccccactact tcccagccac ccgggactcc
    95401 aaggacttgc tgagctgggc aggtgggacg
    ccgaggggag tcaaactgct cgtgggggca
    95461 ggaggggcgg tccacagggc tgagccctga
    gctgaaccct ggccctgctc gtggttgtgg
    95521 gggtgggggg gtccagtggc gccctagccc
    tgctgaggcc cagctgggac gtgcgcgccg
    95581 gagggcgagg ggccagccca tgccatgctg
    tcccccgttc tcagctccat gctaccactt
    95641 tgaagaaaca gaacctgttg cctttttatt
    tagaaagtgt tgcttgccct gcctggggct
    95701 tctatacaaa aaacaaacac agctcaacgt
    ggcctctcct gaccagagac gggcggtggg
    95761 gactggggct cagcagacgg aatgtgtccc
    cggcggcggg agaccaggag gcccctggcc
    95821 cgctcctcag gacggctggg ctgtccccac
    ctggtcccct ccgagccaga agatggagga
    95881 gaggtgggct gatctccaga tgctccctgg
    gagccaagcg ccacggggtg gtcaccaggc
    95941 cggggccgtg ttggccagac gcctcatccg
    cctgtgggag ggggagggca gcaacccccg
    96001 gatctctcag gcaaccgagt gaggaggcag
    gagcccccag cccctccctc ggccgctctg
    96061 ctgcgtgggg ccctgaagtc gtcctctgtc
    tcgcccccct ccccagggag agtgagcctg
    96121 ttctgggctg tggtcagacc tgcccgaggg
    ccagcctcgc ccggggccct gtcctgcctg
    96181 gaaggggctg gggcagcacc ttgtgttccg
    gtcctggtcc cggatcttct tctccatctc
    96241 tgcatccgtc agggtctcca gcagcgggca
    ccactggtca gcgtcgcctg tgttccggat
    96301 ggcaatctcc accgtgggca gggggttctc
    actgtggagg acgagagagg tagacggctc
    96361 acagagcagc tgcaggagag gcccctagaa
    agcagtgtcc accccgctgc gggcagacag
    96421 gacatggagc ctggtttctg cacccggctc
    ccgacacagg gcggccgggc acgctgccaa
    96481 catggcatct ccgggtctgc atgtggggag
    gggtccacag gacagtgctg caggtccagc
    96541 cattcccagt ggacttgctg ggaggaggag
    ggccgtccgc cccgctcagt gtccaggaga
    96601 aaggagagca aaggagtcca tccacccagg
    agtggagtcc cagggcccct gccctgacca
    96661 gcctgcaggg ggcccctcgg cccacatcac
    aggggcccag aatccataag ccctgactgc
    96721 tccaccccgg ggcccctcaa agacgcgcct
    agactccgtc cgagggccac ctgcacaccc
    96781 tctggcgaag tggactcagg gctgggggtc
    agcctcggtg aggccgcaaa ggctggggac
    96841 tcctggccga gctgctgcct ctgccaggag
    ccaggcccag cctgccggcg agcctcagcc
    96901 acgccctcac ccaccctgcc cgcggcgcca
    cgctggcctc cgggtcctct cctctggcct
    96961 cctgctgggc cactggtgct cagccccagc
    agtcggcctg ccaggagccc tgcagagtca
    97021 gcccccagag ggaggagggg gcccggggga
    acagcacagg aacaaacaga cccctggcct
    97081 tagttttagc tcctcatctg gaaaatgggg
    acagtgtcct tgctgcgagg ggtttcagag
    97141 gaccactgcc atgcaacacc cagcacacac
    ccactgcgtg ggggctcggg cccgagccgg
    97201 tgcccccgag tcccaggctg gtggctgggc
    cgccccagcc accctgccga cagctgcttc
    97261 ccagccgggc ggtgctgcgg cagtccagaa
    gccagcactg cagacccaaa tgtcactcct
    97321 cacgttgcgg gctcccagct gccttccttg
    ggggcagcag acacgaaagt caccaagccc
    97381 acgccgacgg gagcaaacac gtcttcctct
    taaacaagtg cgggtcccgg aggccctgtg
    97441 tttacctccc tgtggctccg ggaagattgc
    atcccagggg gttgttctaa accaagggct
    97501 gctcgggcca ggcctggaag gaggggcctg
    gagccaggag cccaccctta cgggcattcg
    97561 gcttcctggg tctcaaggcc ggctgggacc
    ctgcattccc accacccgcc aggtgcaagc
    97621 agggaggccg tgtcggagga ggcagagggc
    ctggagggtc gtcttcgacg tgacctcact
    97681 tttacaacct cacaggtgcg gcaggccagc
    tgggaggcat ggctgtgccc tcctggtaga
    97741 tgagaacaag actgcaggga gtgatccccc
    tgaacttccc caaccaggag gagacaaaac
    97801 tcggtgtcgc cctcctgctt aagatcaact
    gactctggac aaggggccca gcccacccga
    97861 tggggaaagg gcagtccttc caacaagcgg
    tgctgggacg ggacccggca ggccatggtt
    97921 tctcagctat gacaccagca gcacaagcac
    cccgagaaaa acagctaagc tgggcactgt
    97981 cacacaagtg aactccaaac ccaagaaaac
    cacaaaaagc ctgcggatct tcagatatgt
    98041 gggaagggac ctgtatctgg aatgtataac
    gaactcctga aaagtgaaag tgttagtcac
    98101 tcagtctgtt cagctctttg caaccccatg
    gacggtagcc tgccaggctc ctctgcccat
    98161 gggattctct aggcaagaat actggagtgg
    gttgccatgc cttcctccag gggatcttcc
    98221 caacccaggg attgaacctg tgtctctctt
    gcactggcag gcgggttctt taccagtagc
    98281 gccacctgag tagaaacact ccaggtgccc
    tgagtgtcag agcaggaggg actcggccca
    98341 ggcctgtgag gggaccctct ccgagtcccc
    tgctgcacag cagtgagagg tgcgttctga
    98401 gtcagcctcc agggatgagg gacttggtgt
    cgacatcact cccaggacct caggatctgc
    98461 tctgggaagc gaggctcccc aggctggccc
    caggcccgct ggcctcagct cgtgagccgt
    98521 gcgtggacag gtgccatgag caggcctccc
    acgggactcg gggcgcggcc tggaccccgg
    98581 ggctgccagt ggtcgcgggg ggccccgtgt
    ggcggctgtt ccctctcttg ctccgagtcc
    98641 taggaacatg gtgggcgctg cctcctgggg
    tttctggaga agcagctgag atgcaaacag
    98701 ccccacgcgc tccctcagct gttccctgtc
    acgggtggcc ccttggtgac ggcctccatg
    98761 cagggacggt gacagctcga gcagccgcgt
    aaaaccacac ggggacggtg gcagctcgag
    98821 cagccgcgta aagcctgaca tccaatttgg
    aagcctcccg cagtggaaga ggggcccggg
    98881 gacggggctg cccggggcga gctccaccgg
    gtcgggggtc acgaggagcc cacccgcgtc
    98941 cccgccacca gcacctggga ccagataccc
    tccccgctct gagggcggcc tgaacgccgc
    99001 cccctcccac gggggcgccc accgcctgct
    cgtggactga acaagaggcg gcagtggcct
    99061 ccagaccccc tcgggggagg gcagacctgt
    ccgagactga gcacaagtcc agggaatgag
    99121 caagggtctc agtaatgtcc ccaccgggac
    gggacgggag gaggcgacag aggccgctga
    99181 ggtgcggggc agccctcagt agctggcatc
    aaggccccag gcagtcccgg ggcatccccg
    99241 cagggggcgg gggcgaccac cggcccgagc
    ccaggcagtc ccggggcatc cctgcagcgg
    99301 gcgggggcga ccaccggccc gagccctacc
    tgaaggcgta ggtcttctga tgccagctca
    99361 gctgtccccg gatgctgtag gcgatggtgg
    tgacgaactc cccgcccagc cccagctcgg
    99421 agcacagctt cagagcgaac ttctcgggcg
    agttctcctt ctccgacatg tcccactcga
    99481 actggtccac caaggagatg ttccccacgt
    ggatgttcag ctggcccggg agcacagaca
    99541 tgagccagag cggccccctc tggggccagg
    ccgcaccctc accacccctt ctccccggaa
    99601 catccccgcc tcgttcttgg ccgcgcccct
    gtgctgctac ttggggtaag gaaaacaacc
    99661 cccatctctc tgaaaagggt taactagcga
    ggaagatgcg ctggtaactg gaaaactccc
    99721 tacaaagaaa gcttggatct gatggcttca
    ctggtgaatt ccaccaaaca tttcaagcac
    99781 taacaccaat ccttatcaaa tcctgccaaa
    aaactgaaaa ggaaggaaca catcataact
    99841 ccctgccttg ataccaaagc cagacaaaga
    tactacgaga aaggaaaggt gcagaccggc
    99901 acttactgtg gacattgatg tgaaacctca
    gcagacacga gcaaaactac attcaccagc
    99961 acgtcagaag aatcacacac cgttataaat
    gatgggatga tgacacaacc acattataaa
    100021 cggtggggct tactctggtg atgtaaggac
    ggctcagtaa gaaaaccggt caatgccatg
    100081 aaccacttga acagagtgaa ggacaaaaac
    cacacagtca tcttgataat tggaggaaaa
    100141 tcattagaca aacttcaacg tgctttcacg
    ataaaagcac tcagtaaact aagatcagat
    100201 ggaaaccaca tcaacaagat taattcagtc
    aaaaaattca ctgcaagtat cacccacaat
    100261 ggcagaagac tggtaacttt tcctctaaga
    tcaggaacga gccaaagata cccagtcttg
    100321 ccacttttgt tcaatatagc gttggaattt
    ctactcagtg cagtgcagtc gctcagtcgt
    100381 gtccgactct tttcgacccc atggatcaca
    gcacgccagg cctccctgtc catcaccaac
    100441 tcccggagtt cacccaaact catgtgcact
    gagtcagtga tgccatccag ccatctcatc
    100501 ctctgtcgtc cccttctcct cctgcctcca
    atcccttcca gcagttaggc aagaaaaata
    100561 aatcaaaggt atccacctgg aatggaagaa
    gtaaaactat ctctggtccg agatgttaca
    100621 atcttatatg cagagtttaa gatgctaaca
    aaatactatt agaactaatg aatgaattca
    100681 gcaaggtacc aggatacaaa gtcaacgtgc
    aaaaatcagc cgcatttcta catgctaaca
    100741 ctgcacaatc tgaagaagaa aggatgaaca
    aattacaata acataaaaaa gaataaaatc
    100801 cttagaaatt aacttgatca aagagatgta
    caatgaacaa tataaaacat actgaaagaa
    100861 attgaagata taaataaatg gaaaaacatc
    ctatgtccat ggattggaag acttaaaatt
    100921 attaagctgt caaggctatg gtttttccag
    tggtcatgta tggatgtgag agttggacta
    100981 taaagaaagc tgagcaccga agaagtgatg
    cttttgaact gtggtgttgg agaagactct
    101041 tgagaggtcc ttggactgca aggagatcca
    accagtccat cctaaaggag atcagtcctg
    101101 ggtgttcatt ggaaggactg atgttaaagc
    tgaaactcca atactttggc cacctgatgc
    101161 gaagagctga ctcatttgaa aagaccctga
    tgctgggtaa gattgagggc gggaggggaa
    101221 ggggacaaca gaggatgaga tggttggatg
    gcatcaccga ctcaatggac atgggtttgg
    101281 gtggactctg gaagttggtg atggacaggg
    aggcctggcg tgctgcggtt catggggttg
    101341 tgaggagtcg gacacgactg agcgactgaa
    ctgaactgaa catgaatacc caaagcaatc
    101401 tacaaagcca aatgtaatcc ctatcaaaat
    cccaatagca tttctgcaga aacaggaaaa
    101461 aaaatcttaa aattcatatg gaatctaagg
    aaaagcaaag gatgtctggt caaaacaatg
    101521 acgaaaagaa caacaaagct ggaagactca
    cacttcctga tttcagaact tactgcaaag
    101581 atacaataat gaaaacactg tgggactaac
    gtaaaagcag acacgtgggc caacgggaca
    101641 gcccagaaat aaactctcaa ataagcagtc
    aaatgatttt caacagagat gccaagacca
    101701 ctcagtgaag gaaagtgttt gcaaccaacg
    gttttgggaa aaaagaaccc acatgcgaaa
    101761 gaatgaagtg ggacccttac ccagccccat
    ctacagaaat caactcaaaa cagacagaac
    101821 atatggctca agccataaaa cgctcagaaa
    aacagagcaa agctttatga tgttggattt
    101881 ggcggtgatt tctcagatat gacgtcaaag
    gcataggtga taagcgaaaa aataaactgg
    101941 acttcaccaa aatacaacac ttctatgcat
    ccaaggacac taccgacagc ataacaaggc
    102001 agcccaggga aaggaggaaa catccgcaaa
    tcacagcatc tgggaacaga ccgctgcctg
    102061 tgagatacag ggaaccgata aaaacaagaa
    aacagcaaaa cccggactca aaaatgggaa
    102121 ggactccagc agacacagga gacagacaag
    ccgccagcag gtcactaatc agcaagcaag
    102181 gcccgcaaag gcccgtatcc aaggctgtgg
    tttttccagt ggtcatgtag gaaagagagc
    102241 tggatcgtaa gaaagctgag cgctgaagaa
    ttgattgaac tgtggtgttg gagaagactc
    102301 ttgagagtcc cttggactgc aagatcaaac
    cagtccattc tgaaggagat cagtcccgaa
    102361 tagtcactga aggactgatg ctgtagctcc
    aatactttgg ccacctgatt cgaagaactg
    102421 actcattggc aaagaccctg atgctgggaa
    agattgaagg caggaggaga aggggacgac
    102481 agaggatgag atggttggat ggcatcactg
    actccatgga catgagcttg ggcaagctcc
    102541 gggagagagt gaaggacagg gaagcctggc
    gtgctgcagc ccgtgggtcc caaatctttg
    102601 gaccaagcga ctgaacaata acaaatcaac
    agggaaatgc aaatcaaaac cacagtgaga
    102661 tactgtccac caccaggcag gcgttcttca
    gcggggttcg gggcaggtgg tgccctcttc
    102721 tctcgtaacg cccccaggac cgcgggggct
    gctgagacag catggggtgt gcttggccta
    102781 gcctgcccat gacaagagtg gcagtgtgct
    cgcctcactg cgcccttccc tgctctgccc
    102841 accagctggg ccacccctgg gaccacccag
    cttccgctcc gtggacggca aggccgcagc
    102901 agcgcccgga cacgcccaga acgtggtgcc
    ctcctcagaa gtcggcctgt gcccttcctg
    102961 ggacaagccg cccaagagac agtcttccag
    agccctgccc cacaacacgg accccagaca
    103021 ggctcctgtg gaggcctcca cgcacctccg
    cacctcgcaa gccccgagga caaggcaggc
    103081 ccgctgcggg tgaggagccg cctaccttga
    taatgacgcg ctggtctgac tggtcttcca
    103141 ggatgctgtc cgtggggtag gactcgatct
    gctgtctgat ggcagaggca atggctggca
    103201 cgaatgtcag tgggttcaga tccaggtcgt
    cacagagaat ctctgagaac atctccgggg
    103261 tcatcagctt ctctgaaacg atgacggagc
    gggggaaccc ccagtggacc acagggccta
    103321 cggtcagcgt gctcagcccc ggcctccccc
    agccttgcct cctctgccac cgcccccccg
    103381 ggtgacgaca ggaccccctg gcagcacgca
    gacagagctg agtgcacgcc agccagggcg
    103441 gcggacggac cattcatgtt ccaggtaaag
    gcatcccgca gcttctgccc gtcaatctcc
    103501 atgtccagtc ggatggggac cagcacctcg
    ggctgggacg cgttctcgtg gatcacggct
    103561 gggtcgtggt cgtcgaagct ggaaggggag
    cggccgcgtg ctcagcaaag cgggctgggc
    103621 ccctgtgccc agggcctccc tctctgcacc
    actggtcgct gagacctgcc cagagaggac
    103681 ctgtccacta cgggccgggc cggcagaaac
    agggctggcg ggggtccacg cggggcggga
    103741 ggggagctgc cgactcggca gcgggacaag
    ctcagaggtt ccctgcagga agagaggttt
    103801 aagccccaga gcaggcagga ttctcccagc
    agctgtgggg aagaaagggt atgtccagaa
    103861 gaagaaaccc tggaacaaag gccgaggggc
    aggagggttg aggagctgct tggagagcag
    103921 tgaagggggg ctgggcggct ggggggtgct
    ggggagcctc ggtggccaag cacccagggc
    103981 tccccacctg cagcctggac cccgagggag
    ccccagagga cggagagcaa ggcagctccg
    104041 cactcacacc tgccctttag gatggggaag
    agggaagaga cgggggctgc ggggggcaag
    104101 gaaaccaggc acgccccgct tagacccggg
    ggcgagaacc actttccaag aacgcagggg
    104161 cgccaatgat gaacaatggg tagcagcccg
    caggcgggag gcccggtggc cgaggcccct
    104221 caccagagcg ggaaggtccg cttcttgtcg
    cggcccatgc ggttcctgtt gatggtggtg
    104281 gagcagggca cggcgtccag gtggtgcgag
    ctgttgggca gggtgggcac ccactggctg
    104341 ttcctcttgg ccttctgttc cctgggagac
    acagacgccc gtccgctcag cctatgggcc
    104401 aaaagccgcc ccccagccgc caggttgtgg
    ccagtggacg cccgccatgc ccctctgggc
    104461 ccaggccccc atggggacct ctgtgcgccc
    agctccgcgg tggttattcc ccaggctcca
    104521 agcggcacct gctcggggtc accagtttta
    ggggaggagg agagggcagg ggccccagcc
    104581 cagtctgtga gctgtcaccc ccaggctcca
    agcggcacct gctcggggtc accagtttta
    104641 ggggaggagg agagggcagg ggccccagcc
    cagtctgtga gctgtcaccc ccaggctcca
    104701 agcggcacct gctcggggtc accagtttta
    ggggaggagg agagggcagg ggccccagcc
    104761 cagtctgtga gctgtcaccc ccaggctcca
    agcggcacct gctcggggtc accagtttta
    104821 ggggaggagg agagggcagg ggccccagcc
    cagtctgtga gctgtcaccc gtgctatgtg
    104881 ctgggctggg cactcaggaa agagggtcag
    ggttcacggg ggggtggcgc gcagatttcc
    104941 aggagagccc cgagggcagc agagaggagg
    ctcaggtcaa tggttgggca gggggccagg
    105001 gctggagaca cagagagggt cccgattcgg
    gggggtgccc tcagcaggtg gctgggagtc
    105061 cctgggggtt tgcacacttt cgatcaggct
    gttatttcag acgcttggtc cagcctgaga
    105121 caggtaatgc ctctggcctc cgggccttca
    gggatggaaa gatactctag aaagcgggac
    105181 tcaaagtaac tcaaggaact cgcgtcccac
    agtggggagc ccttctctcc aatttacatg
    105241 gggcgtttac tacgaggaaa ataccgaagg
    ccgttttgag ctgaggctcc cgggccgggc
    105301 tgtccgtttg tgagactgct cgtcacccct
    gggccacatc cctggtggcc aagggggcaa
    105361 tcagtgcggt gactgcacga cacacctctg
    cagccctgcc ccacagctgt caccatcggt
    105421 gacgtccacc ccctggagaa cctgaccact
    gcccggtttc ccgctaaaac agcgcccttc
    105481 caggatgggg ggcagaggga gaggccttgg
    ccttttcact cctcttctgc agcgggggcc
    105541 cctcgcaccc cagtgcccgg gcccaggagc
    gccccttggg gtggggcagg gagggatcca
    105601 cacaccaagg ggagccagga cccccccaaa
    tctgctgccc tgccctgata cccgagacct
    105661 ggggaaacgg gggactgggg ctgatgcggg
    caggaccaag aactgaggcg gtgagacggg
    105721 gtccccacca caggccatct ggctggcagt
    ttctactccg ggcctgcagg ccaagaggga
    105781 aaaggtgccc cactcagatc aggcgcctcc
    cgtccccagg gagggcctac aaggtcagat
    105841 cctttgtaac ttccacgggc aaaactggct
    tgctgggcct gtgcgggccg catgggcgtg
    105901 gaccaccaca cctttcccca ctgagtctcc
    agccggagct gtcacccagg tccccccagg
    105961 ccagccccac cccgccacct tgcagtagcc
    tctcgtatcc aggccgaggc tgcccggtcg
    106021 acccctcctg cctgatggcc tcaagtggac
    aatgcgagtc acgttgcagc acgtgagtgg
    106081 gacgggcagc gccacgcggg gtccgggcat
    ccgagtccca ccactcagcc tcccttccgc
    106141 tgcagagagg tctgtccaag agccctgggg
    gccatccagc ccctgtccga cctggccggt
    106201 gtggaagagg gggtgtgcca cccctcctgg
    ggggctggct gggcgctggg caggcccctc
    106261 ctaagagtgg agcccactgg tggttttcct
    gcagccccac ctccacacag cagttctcac
    106321 tgcccagtaa caggaggcta ctggcctagc
    tctctccctc gtgtgatgga ctcaaccagg
    106381 agcgttcacg gccccacaca gggttctcgg
    ctgctgcatg aggatctcaa agccccatcc
    106441 acgtgcatgt aatctcctcc ggtaacttct
    ctagggaagc ccggctatcc tgccatcctc
    106501 accgcaccac cagggcgaga aaagccatct
    ccagcgctca catccacaat gggccaggcc
    106561 gtgagcacac caccttcttc gggaggttgt
    gggggcgggn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    106621 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
    106681 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnng cgcgcccccc
    ccccccgcgg cgccggcacc ccgggcggcg
    106741 gcccccggcg ctgggagcag gtgcggggcc
    gcggccgctc gtgagcctcc agcccggagg
    106801 acgggccccg ggggccggcc cggtgcccag
    gccctgggag ccccggaggc cagagtgcca
    106861 gagggccgga ggacccggga aggcccgaga
    gaggtgggaa gcacggggtt ccagccctag
    106921 gccatttcag ccccaaagcc atcggtgaaa
    ccattgctgg ccccagataa aagcgtcgcc
    106981 aactttttca ccccggcgga gactttagcg
    ggtagctgcc ccctaggggg aatggaaaaa
    107041 ccaggattta ccaggtgggt ggaggtcaca
    actgcccaga tcctgagaaa gaggggtcag
    107101 tggggcggga agattagtgg ggagaggagc
    tttcagaacc caagggaatg aaacgaggct
    107161 tgaggttggt tatccagcag ccgccccctg
    ccccgtgagt gagcgaaggc tgggcccctt
    107221 attgtcacat cttccagctc ttcgctagaa
    aacctagagt tttaaatact gtggcagctg
    107281 agtcaaacaa taaggaaaag cccgactctt
    tgagagccag gcacaaggcg tctgtgacag
    107341 ggtctccagg ctgcccattt gcagtctctg
    aaacggaggg tttttcgaga aggaggtctt
    107401 ggggtgcctg ccagaattgg aggggggggc
    gcgggaagtg aggacccaga agagagggct
    107461 tggcccgctg caaggaggtc actggacact
    ggagctgaag cgccagccga aactggaaac
    107521 tcgaaatctg tctccgtgcc agccacaagg
    cctatgattt tccttggcga cgttcagcat
    107581 cttaggagga gctggcgggg gaggcgggta
    gttcgtgggc ggttgcagca gggcaggaag
    107641 gtgaggaacc tgaggctggt cagagagctg
    gttggagtga tgcccatcgg tggacccgct
    107701 ggagaaggcc tgagtagaga aggtctaagc
    ttaacgggga aggggtgggc cagggtggaa
    107761 atggggtggg aagtttgagg agggggagca
    gtggagatgg gggttgtgag gaatgggagt
    107821 gagcttagac gtcttgagga tactgcagtt
    ctgtgctttt tttcacacct ggctgaaaat
    107881 tcactgaaaa caaaacaacc cttgctctgt
    gacagcctag aggggtggga gggaggctta
    107941 agagggaggg gacgtgcgtg tgcctatggg
    cgattcatgt gggtgtacgg cagaaagcaa
    108001 cacagtatgt aattaccctc caattaaaga
    tcaagtacaa cttaaaaacc ccaaacacaa
    108061 cattgtaagt cagctagact ccagtaaaca
    tttcagtaag aagattcaac tgggaatgag
    108121 ttccgccgtg actatcctga tgaatttccc
    gtgtcttctt gaggccattc ctctttgaac
    108181 ttccgtgttt ggggaagcgt gcctttgtat
    ggagtcctga ggagtaaatg agacgggctt
    108241 gtagaaggcc tagtagtgcc ttgcacgcgg
    cagatgctca ataacctcga gttgtcacca
    108301 ttatggtacc tcaagagtct ccttggagct
    tgcacggttt ctgaatgggg tcctgcgggg
    108361 ctcccttggg gctcccacat ggggttgggg
    ggctgagtgg ggtgtccccg ctccttgctt
    108421 gtcccctgtg gaacaccccc ttccacccga
    gcagctctgc ttttgtctct tgtgtttgtt
    108481 tatatctcct agattgttgt tcagtcgctc
    agtcgtgtcc aactctccga ccccatggac
    108541 tgcagcacac caggccttct gccttcacca
    tctcccggag cttgctcaaa ctcctgtcca
    108601 ttgagttgct gatgccgtcc aaccatctcg
    tcctctgtcg tccccttctc cttttgacct
    108661 cagtctttcc cagcatcagg gtcttttcca
    atgagtcagc tctttgactc aggtggccaa
    108721 gtattggagc ttcagcttca ttatcagtcc
    ttccaatgaa tattcagggt tgatttcttt
    108781 taggattgag tgacttgatc tccttgcagt
    ccaagggact ctcaagagtc ttcaacacca
    108841 cagttcaaaa gcatcagttc ttcggcactc
    agccttcttt atgatccaac gcccacatcg
    108901 gtacatgact actggaaaaa ctttggctca
    gagataattg acttgattga atacaaagtt
    108961 ctttggcaaa aaataaaagt gtggcaagca
    gtactgacac aaaagcaagt ggcttttcct
    109021 ccgttgagtc atttatttat tcagtgggtg
    tgtgcgtgta gagacggagc ggctgtgctg
    109081 ggagctgggg cttccacttc agaggagccc
    cggacctgcc ctcggggagt tcacaggcag
    109141 tgctgcgggg ggtcctgcca ggacgcctgc
    cctgcgagtg cccagtgctg tgatggatgc
    109201 gtgtcccgca tctgcggcca ctggggccac
    gtgcccgaga ttgtccgggt ctgagggtgc
    109261 agagaagagg aggcatttgg actgagtctg
    gaaaaatgag catgtggcca cgtgagaagc
    109321 cagtggtgag gggaccagtc aggcggagga
    aagagcggct catacgagtt gtggagctgg
    109381 aagcatgagg gtgtgtggaa gcagaggccg
    gggacagggc cgcagggccg gccatggagg
    109441 gcgtgggctg ctgcaggctc ctgagaaggg
    ggacgctgcc atcatgaccg ggtttaggtg
    109501 tttgaccctg gtgtccacgt agaggacaga
    tgtgtggggg gggagctgga gatgggcatc
    109561 catcgggagt cagcctggag agaggcagag
    accccgtcag tgggccctca ggacgtggat
    109621 ggggcggatg ttgggaagat ctgactcctg
    ggttccggct ggggctccgg gctggagggg
    109681 tgccgcccac cgagcacagg aggcaaacag
    atgccctctc ccagcaagac cccagcccca
    109741 gcaccctccg gggccggact ccgcccctct
    tccagaatgg ctcccttgct gtcctcgccc
    109801 atctttccgg tgccctgagc ctctagagtc
    tggacaccag cgtccgcctt gcgcttgttt
    109861 ctgggaagtc tctggcttgt ctctgactca
    cccaggaccg tcttcgaggg caaggttgtg
    109921 tccttggttc catctgcttt ggggtccggc
    tcctcgctgc ttgacctgct gatgtgacag
    109981 tgtctcttgt tttcttttca gaatccgaga
    gcagctgtgt gtgtcccaga cagacccagc
    110041 cgctgggatg acgggcccct ctgtggagat
    ccccccggcc gccaagctgg gtgaggcttt
    110101 cgtgtttgcc ggcgggctgg acatgcaggc
    agacctgttc gcggaggagg acctgggggc
    110161 cccctttctt caggggaggg ctctggagca
    gatggccgtc atctacaagg agatccctct
    110221 cggggagcaa ggcagggagc aggacgatta
    ccggggggac ttcgatctgt gctccagccc
    110281 tgttccgcct cagagcgtcc ccccgggaga
    cagggcccag gacgatgagc tgttcggccc
    110341 gaccttcctc cagaaaccag acccgactgc
    gtaccggatc acgggcagcg gggaagccgc
    110401 cgatccgcct gccagggagg cggtgggcag
    gggtgacttg gggctgcagg ggccgcccag
    110461 gaccgcgcag cccgccaagc cctacgcgtg
    tcgggagtgc ggcaaggcct tcagccagag
    110521 ctcgcacctg ctccggcacc tggtgattca
    caccggggag aagccgtatg agtgcggcga
    110581 gtgcggcaag gccttcagcc agagctcgca
    cctgctccgg caccaggcca tccacaccgg
    110641 ggagaagccg tacgagtgcg gcgagtgcgg
    caaggccttc cggcagagct cggccctggc
    110701 gcagcacgcg aagacgcaca gcgggaggcg
    gccgtacgtc tgccgcgagt gcggcaagga
    110761 cttcagccgc agctccagcc tgcgcaagca
    cgagcgcatc cacaccgggg agaagcccta
    110821 cgcgtgccag gagtgcggca aggccttcaa
    ccagagctcg ggcctgagcc agcaccgcaa
    110881 gatccactcg ctgcagaggc cgcacgcctg
    cgagctgtgc gggaaggcct tctgccaccg
    110941 ctcgcacctg ctgcggcacc agcgcgtcca
    cacgggcaag aagccgtacg cctgcgcgga
    111001 ctgcggcaag gccttcagcc agagctccaa
    cctcatcgag caccgcaaga cgcacacggg
    111061 cgagaggccc taccggtgcc acaagtgcgg
    caaggccttc agccagagct cggcgctcat
    111121 cgagcaccag cgcacccaca cgggcgagag
    gccttacgag tgcggccagt gcggcaaggc
    111181 cttccgccac agctcggcgc tcatccagca
    ccagcgcacg cacacgggcc gcaagcccta
    111241 cgtgtgcaac gagtgcggca aggccttccg
    ccaccgctcg gcgctcatcg agcactacaa
    111301 gacgcacacg cgcgagcggc cctacgagtg
    caaccgctgc ggcaaggcct tccggggcag
    111361 ctcgcacctc ctccgccacc agaaggtcca
    cgcggcggac aagctctagg gtccgcccgg
    111421 ggcgagggca cgccggccct ggcgcccccg
    gcccagcggg tggacctggg gggccagccg
    111481 gacggcggaa tcccggccgg ctcttctctg
    ccgtgacccc ggggggttgg ttttgccctc
    111541 cattcgcttt ttctaaagtg cagacgaata
    cacgtcagag ggacgaagtg gggttaagcc
    111601 cccgggagac gtccggcgag ctctaacgtc
    agacacttga agaagtgaag cggactcgca
    111661 gcccgtacag cccggggaag atgagtccaa
    agtcgagggt caccttggcc actgcagggt
    111721 cgctcggcgg tggggcggag cgggtgcagg
    agggctcctc ctgggcttgg ggtggcaggc
    111781 gaggaccccg cgcctctcag ccctcggcct
    gggttggctg agggcgggcc tggctgtagg
    111841 ccctccagcg gaggtggagg cgctgcccgg
    ctcagccagg cacaggaccc tgccacgagg
    111901 agtagccctc cgccagaccc ggcgtccagg
    ctggggcgcc tgcggggcct ccgttctgtg
    111961 gctgggcagc ctgcgccctg tccagggatg
    aaggggttcc ggtctgaagg gctgggttca
    112021 gggtccagct ctggcccctc ctgccttggt
    gtcctggagg aagccccaag gctccgtttc
    112081 cctctccagg aggtggggac gttgggaatg
    ccacattccc ctggggggtg tgtgtgtgtg
    112141 ttcaaggctc ccattcagac tgggactggg
    cactcacgag ctttggcaac tggcaactga
    112201 ggacggagac ccagggtgac accccacctc
    ctgctgcggc ccccccggca ggggagacac
    112261 aggcccgtct ggttcccaag atggcagggc
    ccctccccct ccagcttgtg ccctgggtgt
    112321 ggtgcctggg gctacagcga ccctttccgg
    ttccccgggc cagttcagct gggcatcctc
    112381 agggcggggc tctgagggtg ccatgtttcc
    agagctcctc ctcctcccac cagtagcagg
    112441 cgggcggcca gctcccaggc agccccctgg
    catcgcctag gtgcacacct gcccgctgtg
    112501 acccagcaag gcttgaaggt ggccatccca
    gttaagtccc ctgcccctgg cccaggaatg
    112561 ggctcgggca gggccgcatc tggctgcccc
    agaagcgtct gtccctggcc tctgggagtt
    112621 ggcggtggtc tctggtactg tccctcgcag
    ggccccttag cactgctcgg ggaggaggtg
    112681 ggctgaactg attttgaagt tttacatgtc
    tgcggccgca gtcctacgag cccgtcaggg
    112741 tcatgctggt tatttcagca gatggggctt
    ggctcggcag ctaggatggt cctgaataaa
    112801 aatgggaagg ccagagctgt tcctccatca
    gcaggcttgg cagctgggga cgttgaaagg
    112861 acaggtctgc tggtctgggg agaccagctc
    tgtgcagccc ctgctgtccg tgggggtact
    112921 aaaccagccc ctgtgtgcgc ccatctgagt
    ggcagcccgc ctggaggatc gcccatcact
    112981 tgtgagaatt gagagaatgc tgacaccccc
    gcttggtgca gggggacagg gccccctaag
    113041 atctacctcc ttgccccacc cccgggaccc
    cctcagcctt ggccaggact gtccttactg
    113101 ggcagggcag tcatccactt ccaacctttg
    ccgtctcctc cgcgcgctgt gctcccagcc
    113161 aaattgtttt atttttttcc aagcatcact
    ttgcacacgt caccactctc cttaaaacca
    113221 cccttccgga gtctcctgct cgtaaatcgc
    cggtttcagc caacctgggt cgccccccaa
    113281 gcccagcaag cctgctgagc cccgcgcctc
    ccagctactt cacgctcgcc tcaagcttct
    113341 aaacgcggac cttctccccc ccacccccat
    ccctttcttt tctgatttat gtaacacggc
    113401 aggtaagact cctctcctga agggttgaca
    gactcacaca aaaccgtggt cagaccaggc
    113461 aagtgctttt tttcagaagt gtgagcggaa
    cctagtcttc agctcatgct ctttccttgt
    113521 tttcttatgt gttctaagtc ctttgacttg
    ggctcccaga cagcgacgtt gtaagaggcc
    113581 gtcctggtag catttgaatt gtcctcgagt
    ttcgttgtcg gattttgttt tattgtctta
    113641 gttttccctt cttttagcag acgttgttga
    ctgtcgtaaa gctccagttc ttggttctgt
    113701 ttactaatca aattgttttg tcaaagtaca
    tgtattctgc tcttttcttt atcttttttg
    113761 ttgcttaata ttaacacttt acatttctaa
    gattaattat ttaggtaatt aataattttt
    113821 aacatttcta gtaaacgtgg gtacttgggt
    ctgtgtttgt tttcttgtag ttacagcttt
    113881 ttctgctcta tactgttgac gtctgggttt
    ttttttgctc ttaggaattt ccctttgacc
    113941 ccattattat tattttaatt agtatttttt
    aataattaaa aattagtgtt tttaaattaa
    114001 ccctaatcct aaccccagtg atgactgctt
    cagtcattgc tgttacttat tatgtgctgg
    114061 tgtcaggatt tttaagtgtc catagacatt
    ctctgagcct gaatatatta tcagttttat
    114121 acagcatttg tgtactctca agaaacgtgt
    tttcactctg tcagttcggt ttgttacctc
    114181 agtctttatg ttattttgct ccagtccgca
    cttgctctaa cttgtcttcc cttcgaggtg
    114241 tgaggacgcc tggcagccgg tgagcatgcc
    ggggtccggg gtcgtgggcc caggcgccca
    114301 gcaaagccct gtgggtgtgt gcacggctgg
    gctgctccgg gaggaagcct gtggccccac
    114361 ggtagttagg agcgctggtt tacctggtca
    caccacggtc tggttttgtg tgcttttccc
    114421 tgacgtgttt ctgttttgcc ttggtttcta
    ttctgtttta tgagtgccgt ttacgctttg
    114481 ttagtcatgc cgttatctcg atagacaggg
    tgtacgtgat caagtgatta ccgtatttgg
    114541 agcagatgtc tatttaacag agatgaactg
    agaacctgtg cctttgcatg ccctctttgc
    114601 ctcttttaat gcttctagct tcaacttctc
    ttttccaaac attataatgg aaaccccttg
    114661 cttttttttt tttaatttgc atttgcatga
    gagtttattt agctcggcat tttattttta
    114721 aaatttgtgt atatattttt gctatatatc
    tgtaacttat aaacagcaaa ttattggatt
    114781 ttgctttctg attctttctg taattcttct
    tacataagaa gttctcctat gagtaacatt
    114841 gctgtttaga gtgaggcatg atttatttcc
    agcttagtat gtattgggtc ggttaacccc
    114901 caaaggtcat gctcatcccc gccccatctc
    tgtgagttat tgtccgagtg tggagcgccc
    114961 tgtctaggcc gacgagagac ccaccatcgg
    gcacacctgc ccctcctggt ctggtcagtg
    115021 ccgggctctg tcctgagtcc actcctgatg
    tcacaggctg gtgcttcagc gacctcggct
    115081 gtgacacgga gggtgtgatg gcactgccca
    gccccatggg gcttggagga ctaaaggatg
    115141 cacacctgcc tggcagactg agggcacagg
    tgtttctcac actgtcagcg ttttgaaata
    115201 ttcctttgat tttctaccct aactcccaaa
    ggccgttcaa cataagctag aatgctacgt
    115261 ggtgcttgat tacattttag aaaagtttca
    gcaaatacca cgagatgcag caaagaacta
    115321 gacctcacag atcaggccgc ctgcataagg
    gagcccacac agtcgtggga gacggggacc
    115381 ctctcccacg tcctgtctgt cccaggatgg
    tcccctcacc cgccccctct ctcccctcgc
    115441 cctcctgtgg tgggggccgg ccaccatcac
    agctgcagag cctcaagaag ggggtcgccc
    115501 tggccactcc cgtggcagga gggacacgag
    ggcaggagct taccgcgggt gcagtggtct
    115561 cggatcagct cagctggccg ctgcggggtc
    ggggggacag ttcagtggga ggcaggagcc
    115621 cccactacag ctgccaggac ttctcagagg
    tgacaagggg gttcagtcac ctcagcccag
    115681 gtggaaacca aatggcctct tgcgcggctc
    ctggggccac gcggaggttc gctgggatca
    115741 caggtatctg gatgtgtgcg ccatggacat
    gcaccacctt cggggggtaa ggggtgggga
    115801 aaggcagccc ctttcttttg ggggaccccc
    tcttcagtgt ctgataacca ggaaaccaaa
    115861 tcagaaggtg gtctgggggt gctgagcagg
    gtgtctccta caccacaggc cacacactca
    115921 cacagcctcc aggactccag tggggctgag
    cgctggagac tcacccacgt ttgctacccc
    115981 cccacccaag gccatcccag aacagctgcc
    tgcgtcctca cggctggccc ctcccctctg
    116041 gtctaaccca gtgtgggtgg gccggcctgg
    ggtctccacc tgcctcctgc tgttccctgg
    116101 gctgctggct gtctgcagat gcggggccct
    ggcccggaga agccccatca gagcccagag
    116161 gacgggagtg gagcggggag gtgagccccg
    gagtctcgag gggccagagg caaaatactg
    116221 ggctgtgtcc ctggaaggca gtttcccatg
    aaaccttcaa tataggccgc cccagacgat
    116281 cagcctcatc tgctacgtgg attcctcccc
    gtagcgaatg gtgattgggt tctacatgga
    116341 cccgggactt ctgtttgaat tataatcttt
    cccccactgc ccctccaggg atctggaaaa
    116401 tggaggcctg ggctagacgg aagcttcctc
    caagattctt tattgaaggg attcgaagag
    116461 aaacaggtgg tcagtaatct gtgggggatg
    gaggggtgag cgctacgtgt aacggtttta
    116521 ctgttgctac gggaccagtt ttgatgtctt
    tccccttcaa gaagcagacc caaacaccga
    116581 gatgctgagg ttagcagcac agagcgggtt
    catccacaag gcaaccaggc agggagacca
    116641 gagacgctct ggaatctgcc tccctatggg
    cacgggctgg gtgctcacgg atgaagacca
    116701 agcagcaggt ggcgtggggc gtggggagcc
    tgcggaaagc gatggacaag gtgcgggacc
    116761 gcggtccgcg cggtggaccc aagctccgcc
    tctgcgctgc agcgcgagct gggggcggag
    116821 cttccaggga cccgcgaccg cgcccagtgg
    gagggtccgc ggtccaccca gtcctaacag
    116881 ctcagctcca gctagacgcc gctgagtccg
    gctttctaga gagcaacccc ggcgggtatt
    116941 ttatggttct ggcttcctga ttggaggaca
    cgcgagtctt agaacaccct tgattagtgc
    117001 gggcaggcgg aatggatttg actgatcacg
    atctgcagtt tcaccatctc aggggccgcc
    117061 ctcaccccca cctatcctgc caaagggggg
    gcctcggtgc tgagatcggg gccacacgtg
    117121 cactagacgg tcggtcagcg ctgctgctga
    gcggacccgg ggccatcctc acaccgccac
    117181 tggcccctgt gctcaataaa aggaaggaaa
    gcgggaaaag cgctttctgg ccgcggtggc
    117241 ctcgcgcgtt cctccatcgc catctgctgg
    cagagcccgg catggcaccc gctgcacaga
    117301 aacctcggtg tccgtttggg tgccccatcc
    ttgaccccga gagagcaccc tccgtccaaa
    117361 atgaaaaaca gctgctccca agagtcatta
    taatcacagc caattgtgtt aattcgtcct
    117421 cggatccact cacagttcca cggaacattc
    tgctaacctc tgacaactcc tacataaagc
    117481 aatactgaga agaaaagaac gtggttgata
    aatacaaagg catacaacaa taaggagcaa
    117541 agaaaaaaga cagtcctcgc agttctgttt
    tgttcatctc tcatgagtag gatggcagat
    117601 aaaacacaga atgcccagtg aataatttta
    gtctaagtat gtccccaata ctgcctaatc
    117661 ttcaaatcta accttatttt taaaatatat
    attttttgct ggtcactcat cagttcatgc
    117721 accaaagcct ttgtttcttg actcctaact
    ttttgacccc tctggggtga ggagcacccc
    117781 taacctcgag agcccatcac acagtcccct
    tgggactaga cccttctttg cccatcacag
    117841 ctgaccggaa gggccagccc atggccagcg
    ctcgcgcccc ctggcggaca gactctgcgc
    117901 ggcagccccg ggagcccagg tgcgaccccg
    cggtctctgg cgccctctag tgtggaaaga
    117961 tctcctcctg gtgttcccag tcattgggct
    gtattttatt agagaagatg ctcgcgtgac
    118021 gatgatgatg gtcctttacc gggaggcacg
    tttggggcgc gtcggctcag gggccgagct
    118081 attagcctgc atcgcgccca caggcatcgc
    gtccccctga gccgggtcag ctgtgggctg
    118141 tcctgacacg ggtttccccc agtctctggc
    ccgctgtccc tcccaggtca gtgtccagcg
    118201 ttgcccttct ggttgtggac ttgtgcagcg
    gtctcagcag atggaggggc gaccctaaag
    118261 gatgtattga ggcatctcag cactgtcctc
    cgcccaggtt tgctggtcag cagtgaagtg
    118321 accgggaaaa ggggctgtct tggggtcctt
    tcagaggcct gggttagacc aaagttttct
    118381 agaagattca ccattgcagg gagtcaaaga
    caaaactagg gtggtcagca atctgtgggg
    118441 gattcggcgg tgagggaatt ctgaatgcta
    catgtaatgg ttttactatt gttagggaac
    118501 atttttcccc cctacaaaca gcaggccaaa
    atactgagat gtcaggtttg catcaaagag
    118561 cgggttcatc cacaaggcaa ccagagaacg
    ctctggaatc tgcctccctg cgggcacagg
    118621 ctgggtgctc acggatgaag accaagcagc
    aggtggcgtg gggagtgggg agcctgggga
    118681 aagcgatgga caaggtgcga ggacctccgg
    cgcgagctgg aggcggagct tccagggaca
    118741 cgcggccacg cccagtggga gggtcagcgg
    tccatccagt cctaacagct cagctccaac
    118801 tagacgctgc tgagtctggc tttctagaga
    acactccggg cgggtatttt attgttttgg
    118861 cttcgtgact ggaggacgtt caagtcttaa
    aacacccttg attagtgcgg ggaggcggaa
    118921 tggatttgac tgatcacgac ccgcagtttc
    accatctcag gggccgccct caccccctcc
    118981 taccctacca aaggtggggg catcggtgct
    gagatctggg gtgacacata aaatcaggtg
    119041 aagtcttagg acagggggcc gattccaggt
    cctagggtgc agaaaaaacc tacctggccc
    119101 cgggctagac agcgtggagg gcgtggcccg
    ggctggtgca cagaagtggc ccccaactgg
    119161 tcagaaggtg tgggagccca gggctggtct
    actgcagaag gggtcgcctg gtggacagag
    119221 tggggcctga gtgcctgctg aactggtccg
    tcagggctgc tgagcagaca cgggccatca
    119281 tcactggctc ctgtgctcga tagaagggag
    ggaaaccagg aaagcaaagg cgctttatgg
    119341 ccgcttttgt gtttcgcgtt cctctagcac
    cgtctgccgg cagaacgcgg cattacatcc
    119401 gctggccaaa cctcggggtc cggcttggat
    gtccccatcc ttgtctcgga gatctcacct
    119461 ctcagcagtt cccctgggga caatgtcgag
    aagatgcgac cttgacccgg agctcggtgg
    119521 agagggtgcc ctgggttctt tccgcagttg
    cttggagtgg aggtgcctca tgttgggctg
    119581 ggaacgggag gaaggaaaca ggtcatgatt
    gagatgctct agacagactg tccctgctct
    119641 tgccaaattt cagaagattg tctttaataa
    atattccatt ttttgtatgc ccttaggtct
    119701 atttccagac actttaaata tattgaaaga
    ctttaaatat ttatataaaa atattattta
    119761 tagactgtat aaaaggaaca gttagaactg
    gacttggaac aacagactgg ttccaaatag
    119821 gaaaaggagt acgtcaaggc tgtatattgt
    caccctgctt atttaactta tatgcagagt
    119881 acatcatgag aaacgctggg ctggaagaaa
    cacaagctgg aatcaagatt gccgggagaa
    119941 atatcaataa cctcagatat gcagatgaca
    ccacccttat ggcagaaagt gaagaggaac
    120001 tcaaaagcct cttgatgaag gtgaaagagg
    agagcgaaaa agttggctta aagctcaaca
    120061 tttagaaaac gaagatcatg gcatctggtc
    ccatcacttc atggaaatag atggggaaac
    120121 agttgagaca gtgtcagact ttatttttgg
    gggctccaat gaaattaaaa gacgcttact
    120181 tcttggaagg aaagttatga ccaacctaga
    cagcatatta aaaagcagag acactacttt
    120241 gccagcaaag gtccgtctag tcaaggctat
    ggtttttcca gtggtcatgt atggatgtga
    120301 gagttggact gtgaagaagg ctgagcaccg
    aagaagtgat gcttttgaac tgtggtgttg
    120361 gagaagactc ttgagaggcc cttggactgc
    aaggagatcc aaccagtcca tcgtaaagga
    120421 gatcaccccc tgggtggtca ttggaaggac
    tgatgttgaa gctgaaactc cagtactttg
    120481 gctacctaat gcgaagagct gactcattgg
    aaaagaccct gatgctggga aagattgaag
    120541 gtgggaggag aaggggacaa cagaggatga
    gatggttgga ttgcatcact gactcgatgg
    120601 acgtgagtct gagtgaagtc tgggagttgg
    tgatggccag ggaggccctg gcgtgctggc
    120661 ggttcatggg gtcgcaaaga gtcggccatg
    actgagtgac tgaactgaac tgatccagaa
    120721 atttaaaatt aatatataaa ccaaatccat
    gcagacaatt ataagcatat attataaatg
    120781 cataattata agcaagtata tgttatattt
    ataatagttt ataatgtatt tataagcaag
    120841 tatatattat tataagcata attgtaagta
    gaagtaactt tgggctttcc tggtggctca
    120901 gacagtaaag aatctgcctg cagtacagga
    gaccgggttc gatccctggt ttggggaaat
    120961 tccctggaga agggaatggc aaccaactcc
    aacatgtttg cctggagaat tccatggaca
    121021 gaggagcccg gaaggttgca gtccatgggg
    ttgcaaagag ctggatacaa cagagtgact
    121081 aacacatgta tataaataaa tttacctata
    tattgtatat atatttataa acatattcag
    121141 atattataaa taattagaaa catattatac
    atgtatttaa atactgttat aaacataaat
    121201 ttaaaaaata attttcagcc ctttggcttg
    ggggtgtgtt tgtggacgtc tttgtgctac
    121261 tgttcctgaa gtggagctct cccctcccaa
    accagctttt gaaatgactg ggaaagcaat
    121321 ggaatacata agcatcagga agatagcaac
    agagctgtca ttcttcacag agggtgtgct
    121381 tgagtgtgta gcaagtcccg cagaatgtag
    acagattaat atagtctatt aaaaatagtg
    121441 tagcaaattt acgaggtgcg atttcaagta
    taaagactta ctgggtctct cagttcagtt
    121501 cagtcgcttg gttgtgtccg actctttttg
    accccatgga ccgcagcacg ccaggcctcc
    121561 ctgtccatca ccaactcctg gagttcactc
    aaactcatgt ccatcgagtc ggtgatgcca
    121621 tccaaccatc tcatcctctg gcgtcccctt
    ctcctcccac cttcaatctt tcccagcatc
    121681 agggtctttc ccagtgagtc agttctttgc
    atcaggtggc cagagtagtg gagtttcagc
    121741 ttcagcatcg gtccttccaa tgaatattct
    ggactgattt cctttaggat tgactggttg
    121801 gatctccttg cagttcaagg gactctcaag
    agtcttctcc aacagcacag tctatgaata
    121861 gaatagcaaa tgaatagaga ataacattta
    cgaggatata ttttaccatt gcataaaata
    121921 tatcagcttg tagagaacag acttgttccc
    aggggagagg gtgggtaggg atggagtggg
    121981 agtttgngat cancagaagc gagctgttat
    atagaagatg gataaaaagg atacacaaca
    122041 atgtcctact gtgtggcacc gggacctata
    ttcagtagct tgtgagaaac cataatcgac
    122101 aagactgagg aaaagtatat atatatgtat
    gtacttgagt tgctttgctg tacagaagaa
    122161 attaacacaa cattgtaaat cgatatttca
    atagaatcca cccccccaaa tatataagtt
    122221 tcctggagat ggagacggca acccactcca
    tttcttgcac ccaatattct tgcctggagg
    122281 atcccatgga tagaggatcg caaagactcg
    gacataaccc agcgactaac actttccctt
    122341 tcaaatgtgt aggtttacta gcgtgaatct
    acagagatgc ccaagacatt cgtttatgag
    122401 gaaaactcca cacgcagctt cactgagaat
    tattaaacct attaaaggga gagagcgcca
    122461 ggatattcat ggattgaaag attcgatgtg
    gtcaagttgc cagttttccc caaactgatt
    122521 ggtaaattcc ccaggagctg gctcaaggcg
    caaaattccc tttacctttt tttaagagac
    122581 gaagccaagg agccgattct ggttgagaga
    cgctcaggtc ctcctgcggg agagcagccc
    122641 tcttcctccc ggtcgcctgg gcagtttcga
    ggccacgacc agaaggactt ggctccctgt
    122701 gtcgcgcact cagaagtctc cctctccgtc
    ccaaggactc agaagctggg cgtcctgccc
    122761 gcagcagagg aggcagcctg gaggggcccc
    gcgggcacag cggtccgggt ttcagccgag
    122821 ttgcccgccc cgcccctcta cctgggcgct
    gccgcccggc tccggggccg gccgtgccct
    122881 ccgtggccgc aaggcgtcgc tgtccccccg
    ctggaagtgc tgacccggag gaaggggccc
    122941 agacggaggg actcggagcc tccgagtgac
    accctgggac tccgagcgct ggagcctggc
    123001 gtcaccccag gcaggggcag tgggggcccg
    gggcggggtc aggggcctcc cccggttctc
    123061 atttgacacc gcgggggtgc gctgggcaca
    gtgtccaggg gccacgttcc gagcaggggc
    123121 gcgatgcagg cccgggcgcg gcctgtcccg
    ggcgcgagtc cagctgcttt gcagaggtgg
    123181 cggcaggtcg cagtgaccct cacagagacg
    ccccactctg cggctccagg tgggcctgtg
    123241 ccccccagaa gtgctgacct gtgcaccggg
    aaggcacagg gccccccagc catgtctgcg
    123301 atggaagagc cggaaccgcg ccatgcccgt
    cctcgctgac cggcaggcac ccgccgtgtg
    123361 tccacacgct gagccatctg gctccccttg
    cttgacatac acccaggacc tgagtgtgca
    123421 ggaagttaga aggggcaggt gtggtgacac
    gatgccatcc agcatcacct gagaacctgg
    123481 acaaacctca ggggcccagc ctgctctgtg
    aggccccgag ggccggcccc tccccggacc
    123541 cctgccttga atccggccac actgcccgcc
    ttcctgctcc tgcggcttgt cagacacgcc
    123601 tgagcccagg gcctgtgcac tcgctgtccc
    ttctgccagg actgctcctc cccaggctct
    123661 tgctggggct ccccttcttc attcgggggt
    ggcctctctt gttcagtggc tcagctgtgc
    123721 ccagtctttg caaccccatg gactgcagca
    cgccaggctt ccctgtcctt cactagctcc
    123781 tggagtttgc tcaaactcat gtccattgag
    tcagtgatgc tatccaacca tctcatcctt
    123841 tgctgcccac ttcttctcct gctctcaatc
    tttcccagca tcagggtctt ttccaatgag
    123901 ttagctctct gcatcaggag gccaaagtat
    tggagcttca gcatcagtcc ttccagtgaa
    123961 tatgcgaggt tgatttccct tagaattgac
    tggttggatc tccttcctgt ccagagaact
    124021 ctcaagagtc ttctccagca ccacagtcgg
    agagcatcag ttcttcagtg atcaggtttc
    124081 tttatagccc agctctcaca tcggtacatg
    actattggaa aacccatagc tttgattaga
    124141 tggaccttca ttggcaaagt gatgggcctt
    cattggccct gctttttaat acaccatcta
    124201 ggtttgtcgt agctttcctt ccaaagagca
    aacatctttt aatttcctgg ctgcagtaac
    124261 catccatagt gattttggag cccaagaaaa
    taaaatctgc cactgtttcc actttttccc
    124321 cttctatttg ctatgaagtg aggggactgg
    atgccatgat cttagtttaa accagcagtt
    124381 gtcaccccga ccgcttcctt tcctaaagag
    ctcatcacac ctcccactgg aatgcaatgt
    124441 gttgcctgtc cgcctgcttc acctcctggg
    actttgctgc aggtcttggt ctctgaggcc
    124501 cctgccgtat ccccagggcc cagagcagtg
    ctgggcttcg agtccgatca gggactatgt
    124561 gtgtggactg gatggtgctt gcttcttctg
    gggaacgaga gacctgggcc tggggaacga
    124621 ggggacctgg tgtgaccgga tctcctccct
    cgggagagga gccaagcgag tggacacagg
    124681 tcagtgtgtc ttgctcctgt gtggcaggtg
    tcccgtctgt gtctgtcatc ttggcatttc
    124741 ggtgtttctg tgaacccagc ccctcccctc
    ctgatacccc atcccatcag cacagaggag
    124801 actgggcttg gggactctct ggtcctgaga
    ttcctctccg catgtgactc ccccctcctg
    124861 gggggagcag gcaccgtgtg tgaggagggt
    ggaagctttt caagaccccc agcttttctg
    124921 tcccaggggg ctctggcagg gccttgggag
    ctggaatgag ctggaatctg ggccagtggg
    124981 ggtttccctg gtggtaaaga acccgcctgc
    ccatgcacga ggcataagag acgcgggttc
    125041 gatcactggg tcgggaagat cccctacagg
    agggcatggc aacccactcc agtattcttt
    125101 cctgaagaat cccttggaca gaggagcctg
    gtgggctaca gtctctgggg tggcaaggag
    125161 tcggacacga ctgaagcgac ttaccatgca
    cgcacgcggg gtcaggggtc agggccgcgc
    125221 tgcttacctg ctgtgtgacc ttagccaggt
    cacacccccc aggctgtgaa agagaacagt
    125281 cttcccagac tcgggcatcc aggtctttac
    agacgtgcct gtgagctttg tgactctggc
    125341 tctgtggccg ctagagggcg ctgtccgccg
    ggccctatgt gcgtgcacgc atgtgagcat
    125401 gttcgcatac gtgtgtgcat ctgtcggggg
    cgcacggtgc ggggacacgg gcacgcggtc
    125461 aggaacgcag cccggacacc tccacgtggc
    ccgcgagtac cgtcaggtgg gggctgtggc
    125521 tccgctgtgt gggtgacccg ccctcccccc
    gcgaacgtgg tgcatagtga ccgcctggct
    125581 gggctcctga gctcagccat cctgcccccc
    gggtcagctc ccgacaggcc cagctctagg
    125641 ccccaggcgt ggaccgaggc ccccaggccc
    cggcctgtga gatgggacct ccgtctgggg
    125701 ggctcattct gctcccggag gcctggcagg
    cccctcctct ttggcattgc ataccctcgc
    125761 attggggtgg gtaagcacag taccccatgc
    ctgtggcccc gtgggagcgg cctgctcagg
    125821 gaggccggag cctcagctac agggctgtca
    caccgggctg cagaggaaga agacgggagc
    125881 gaggcctaca ggaacctagc caggccctgg
    cccactgagc cgacaggagc ctggccagag
    125941 gcctgcacag gacggggtgg cggggggggt
    ggggtggggt gctgggcccc gtggccttga
    126001 ctgcagaccc cgagggctcc tcagcttaga
    acggccaagc ctgagtcttg ggggtgcagg
    126061 tcaggggg
  • Primers
  • In another embodiment, primers are provided to generate 3′ and 5′ sequences of a targeting vector. The oligonucleotide primers can be capable of hybridizing to porcine immunoglobulin genomic sequence, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. In a particular embodiment, the primers hybridize under stringent conditions to Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. Another embodiment provides oligonucleotide probes capable of hybridizing to porcine heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain nucleic acid sequences, such as Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. The polynucleotide primers or probes can have at least 14 bases, 20 bases, 30 bases, or 50 bases which hybridize to a polynucleotide of the present invention. The probe or primer can be at least 14 nucleotides in length, and in a particular embodiment, are at least 15, 20, 25, 28, or 30 nucleotides in length.
  • In one embodiment, primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig heavy-chain that includes the functional joining region (the J6 region). In one non-limiting embodiment, the amplified fragment of heavy chain can be represented by Seq ID No 4 and the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 2, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to a portion of Ig heavy-chain mu constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 3, to produce the 3′ recombination arm. In another embodiment, regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 4) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • In other embodiments, primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the constant region. In another embodiment, primers are provided to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig kappa light-chain that includes the J region. In one non-limiting embodiment, the primers used to amplify this fragment can be complementary to a portion of the J-region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 21 or 10, to produce the 5′ recombination arm and complementary to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 14, 24 or 18, to produce the 3′ recombination arm. In another embodiment, regions of the porcine Ig heavy chain (such as, but not limited to Seq ID No 20) can be subcloned and assembled into a targeting vector.
  • II. Genetic Targeting of the Immunoglobulin Genes
  • The present invention provides cells that have been genetically modified to inactivate immunoglobulin genes, for example, immunoglobulin genes described above. Animal cells that can be genetically modified can be obtained from a variety of different organs and tissues such as, but not limited to, skin, mesenchyme, lung, pancreas, heart, intestine, stomach, bladder, blood vessels, kidney, urethra, reproductive organs, and a disaggregated preparation of a whole or part of an embryo, fetus, or adult animal. In one embodiment of the invention, cells can be selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, epithelial cells, fibroblast cells, neural cells, keratinocytes, hematopoietic cells, melanocytes, chondrocytes, lymphocytes (B and T), macrophages, monocytes, mononuclear cells, cardiac muscle cells, other muscle cells, granulosa cells, cumulus cells, epidermal cells, endothelial cells, Islets of Langerhans cells, blood cells, blood precursor cells, bone cells, bone precursor cells, neuronal stem cells, primordial stem cells, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, umbilical vein endothelial cells, aortic endothelial cells, microvascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, liver stellate cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes, neurons, Kupffer cells, smooth muscle cells, Schwann cells, and epithelial cells, erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, adipocytes, chondrocytes, pancreatic islet cells, thyroid cells, parathyroid cells, parotid cells, tumor cells, glial cells, astrocytes, red blood cells, white blood cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, somatic cells, pituitary cells, adrenal cells, hair cells, bladder cells, kidney cells, retinal cells, rod cells, cone cells, heart cells, pacemaker cells, spleen cells, antigen presenting cells, memory cells, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, muscle cells, ovarian cells, uterine cells, prostate cells, vaginal epithelial cells, sperm cells, testicular cells, germ cells, egg cells, leydig cells, peritubular cells, sertoli cells, lutein cells, cervical cells, endometrial cells, mammary cells, follicle cells, mucous cells, ciliated cells, nonkeratinized epithelial cells, keratinized epithelial cells, lung cells, goblet cells, columnar epithelial cells, squamous epithelial cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. In one alternative embodiment, embryonic stem cells can be used. An embryonic stem cell line can be employed or embryonic stem cells can be obtained freshly from a host, such as a porcine animal. The cells can be grown on an appropriate fibroblast-feeder layer or grown in the presence of leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF).
  • In a particular embodiment, the cells can be fibroblasts; in one specific embodiment, the cells can be fetal fibroblasts. Fibroblast cells are a suitable somatic cell type because they can be obtained from developing fetuses and adult animals in large quantities. These cells can be easily propagated in vitro with a rapid doubling time and can be clonally propagated for use in gene targeting procedures.
  • Targeting Constructs
  • Homologous Recombination
  • In one embodiment, immunoglobulin genes can be genetically targeted in cells through homologous recombination. Homologous recombination permits site-specific modifications in endogenous genes and thus novel alterations can be engineered into the genome. In homologous recombination, the incoming DNA interacts with and integrates into a site in the genome that contains a substantially homologous DNA sequence. In non-homologous (“random” or “illicit”) integration, the incoming DNA is not found at a homologous sequence in the genome but integrates elsewhere, at one of a large number of potential locations. In general, studies with higher eukaryotic cells have revealed that the frequency of homologous recombination is far less than the frequency of random integration. The ratio of these frequencies has direct implications for “gene targeting” which depends on integration via homologous recombination (i.e. recombination between the exogenous “targeting DNA” and the corresponding “target DNA” in the genome).
  • A number of papers describe the use of homologous recombination in mammalian cells. Illustrative of these papers are Kucherlapati et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3153-3157, 1984; Kucherlapati et al., Mol. Cell. Bio. 5:714-720, 1985; Smithies et al, Nature 317:230-234, 1985; Wake et al., Mol. Cell. Bio. 8:2080-2089, 1985; Ayares et al., Genetics 111:375-388, 1985; Ayares et al., Mol. Cell. Bio. 7:1656-1662, 1986; Song et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6820-6824, 1987; Thomas et al. Cell 44:419-428, 1986; Thomas and Capecchi, Cell 51:503-512, 1987; Nandi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3845-3849, 1988; and Mansour et al., Nature 336:348-352, 1988. Evans and Kaufman, Nature 294:146-154, 1981; Doetschman et al., Nature 330:576-578, 1987; Thoma and Capecchi, Cell 51:503-512, 4987; Thompson et al., Cell 56:316-321, 1989.
  • The present invention can use homologous recombination to inactivate an immunoglobulin gene in cells, such as the cells described above. The DNA can comprise at least a portion of the gene(s) at the particular locus with introduction of an alteration into at least one, optionally both copies, of the native gene(s), so as to prevent expression of functional immunoglobulin. The alteration can be an insertion, deletion, replacement or combination thereof. When the alteration is introduce into only one copy of the gene being inactivated, the cells having a single unmutated copy of the target gene are amplified and can be subjected to a second targeting step, where the alteration can be the same or different from the first alteration, usually different, and where a deletion, or replacement is involved, can be overlapping at least a portion of the alteration originally introduced. In this second targeting step, a targeting vector with the same arms of homology, but containing a different mammalian selectable markers can be used. The resulting transformants are screened for the absence of a functional target antigen and the DNA of the cell can be further screened to ensure the absence of a wild-type target gene. Alternatively, homozygosity as to a phenotype can be achieved by breeding hosts heterozygous for the mutation.
  • Targeting Vectors
  • In another embodiment, nucleic acid targeting vector constructs are also provided. The targeting vectors can be designed to accomplish homologous recombination in cells. These targeting vectors can be transformed into mammalian cells to target the ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genes via homologous recombination. In one embodiment, the targeting vectors can contain a 3′ recombination arm and a 5′ recombination arm (i.e. flanking sequence) that is homologous to the genomic sequence of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain genomic sequence, for example, sequence represented by Seq ID Nos. 1, 4, 29, 30, 12, 25, 15, 16, 19, 28 or 31, as described above. The homologous DNA sequence can include at least 15 bp, 20 bp, 25 bp, 50 bp, 100 bp, 500 bp, 1 kbp, 2 kbp, 4 kbp, 5 kbp, 10 kbp, 15 kbp, 20 kbp, or 50 kbp of sequence, particularly contiguous sequence, homologous to the genomic sequence. The 3′ and 5′ recombination arms can be designed such that they flank the 3′ and 5′ ends of at least one functional variable, joining, diversity, and/or constant region of the genomic sequence. The targeting of a functional region can render it inactive, which results in the inability of the cell to produce functional immunoglobulin molecules. In another embodiment, the homologous DNA sequence can include one or more intron and/or exon sequences. In addition to the nucleic acid sequences, the expression vector can contain selectable marker sequences, such as, for example, enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) gene sequences, initiation and/or enhancer sequences, poly A-tail sequences, and/or nucleic acid sequences that provide for the expression of the construct in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells. The selectable marker can be located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arm sequence.
  • Modification of a targeted locus of a cell can be produced by introducing DNA into the cells, where the DNA has homology to the target locus and includes a marker gene, allowing for selection of cells comprising the integrated construct. The homologous DNA in the target vector will recombine with the chromosomal DNA at the target locus. The marker gene can be flanked on both sides by homologous DNA sequences, a 3′ recombination arm and a 5′ recombination arm. Methods for the construction of targeting vectors have been described in the art, see, for example, Dai et al., Nature Biotechnology 20: 251-255, 2002; WO 00/51424.
  • Various constructs can be prepared for homologous recombination at a target locus. The construct can include at least 50 bp, 100 bp, 500 bp, 1 kbp, 2 kbp, 4 kbp, 5 kbp, 10 kbp, 15 kbp, 20 kbp, or 50 kbp of sequence homologous with the target locus. The sequence can include any contiguous sequence of an immunoglobulin gene.
  • Various considerations can be involved in determining the extent of homology of target DNA sequences, such as, for example, the size of the target locus, availability of sequences, relative efficiency of double cross-over events at the target locus and the similarity of the target sequence with other sequences.
  • The targeting DNA can include a sequence in which DNA substantially isogenic flanks the desired sequence modifications with a corresponding target sequence in the genome to be modified. The substantially isogenic sequence can be at least about 95%, 97-98%, 99.0-99.5%, 99.6-99.9%, or 100% identical to the corresponding target sequence (except for the desired sequence modifications). In a particular embodiment, the targeting DNA and the target DNA can share stretches of DNA at least about 75, 150 or 500 base pairs that are 100% identical. Accordingly, targeting DNA can be derived from cells closely related to the cell line being targeted; or the targeting DNA can be derived from cells of the same cell line or animal as the cells being targeted.
  • Porcine Heavy Chain Targeting
  • In particular embodiments of the present invention, targeting vectors are provided to target the porcine heavy chain locus. In one particular embodiment, the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the J6 region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Since the J6 region is the only functional joining region of the porcine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin. In a specific embodiment, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the J6 region, optionally including J1-4 and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the J6 region, including the mu constant region (a “J6 targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 1. Further, this J6 targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No S and FIG. 1. In other particular embodiments, the 5′ targeting arm can contain sequence 5′ of J1, such as depicted in Seq ID No. 1 and/or Seq ID No 4. In another embodiments, the 5′ targeting arm can contain sequence 5′ of J1, J2 and/or J3, for example, as depicted in approximately residues 1-300, 1-500, 1-750, 1-1000 and/or 1-1500 Seq ID No 4. In a further embodiment, the 5′ targeting arm can contain sequence 5′ of the constant region, for example, as depicted in approximately residues 1-300, 1-500, 1-750, 1-1000, 1-1500 and/or 1-2000 or any fragment thereof of Seq ID No 4 and/or any contiguous sequence of Seq ID No. 4 or fragment thereof. In another embodiment, the 3′ targeting arm can contain sequence 3′ of the constant region and/or including the constant region, for example, such as resides 7000-8000 and/or 8000-9000 or fragment thereof of Seq ID No 4. In other embodiments, targeting vector can contain any contiguous sequence or fragment thereof of Seq ID No 4. sequence In other embodiments, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the diversity region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the diversity region of the porcine heavy chain locus. In a further embodiment, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the mu constant region and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the mu constant region of the porcine heavy chain locus.
  • In further embodiments, the targeting vector can include, but is not limited to any of the following sequences: the Diversity region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1089-1099 of Seq ID No 29 (D(pseudo)), the Joining region of heavy chain is represented, for example, by residues 1887-3352 of Seq ID No 29 (for example: J(psuedo): 1887-1931 of Seq ID No 29, J(pseudo): 2364-2411 of Seq ID No 29, J(pseudo): 2756-2804 of Seq ID No 29, J (functional J): 3296-3352 of Seq ID No 29), the recombination signals are represented, for example, by residues 3001-3261 of Seq ID No 29 (Nonamer), 3292-3298 of Seq ID No 29 (Heptamer), the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 3353-9070 of Seq ID No 29 (J to C mu intron), 5522-8700 of Seq ID No 29 (Switch region), 9071-9388 of Seq ID No 29 (Mu Exon 1), 9389-9469 of Seq ID No 29 (Mu Intron A), 9470-9802 of Seq ID No 29 (Mu Exon 2), 9830-10069 of Seq ID No 29 (Mu Intron B), 10070-10387 of Seq ID No 29 (Mu Exon 3), 10388-10517 of Seq ID No 29 (Mu Intron C), 10815-11052 of Seq ID No 29 (Mu Exon 4), 11034-11039 of Seq ID No 29 (Poly(A) signal) or any fragment or combination thereof. Still further, any contiguous sequence at least about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 300 nucleotides of Seq ID No 29 or fragment and/or combination thereof can be used as targeting sequence for the heavy chain targeting vector. It is understood that in general when designing a targeting construct one targeting arm will be 5′ of the other targeting arm.
  • In other embodiments, targeting vectors designed to disrupt the expression of porcine heavy chain genes can contain recombination arms, for example, the 3′ or 5′ recombination arm, that target the constant region of heavy chain. In one embodiment, the recombination arm can target the mu constant region, for example, the C mu sequences described above or as disclosed in Sun & Butler Immunogenetics (1997) 46: 452-460. In another embodiment, the recombination arm can target the delta constant region, such as the sequence disclosed in Zhao et al. (2003) J immunol 171: 1312-1318, or the alpha constant region, such as the sequence disclosed in Brown & Butler (1994) Molec Immunol 31: 633-642.
    Seq ID No. 5
    GGCCAGACTTCCTCGGAACAGCTCAAAGAGCTCTGTCAAAGCCAGATCCC
    ATCACACGTGGGCACCAATAGGCCATGCCAGCCTGCAAGGGCCGAACTGG
    GTTCTCCACGGCGCACATGAAGCCTGCAGCCTGGCTTATCCTCTTCCGTG
    GTGAAGAGGCAGGCCCGGGACTGGACGAGGGGCTAGCAGGGTGTGGTAGG
    CACCTTGCGCCCCCCACCCCGGCAGGAACCAGAGACCCTGGGGCTGAGAG
    TGAGCCTCCAAACAGGATGCCCCACCCTTCAGGCCACCTTTCAATCCAGC
    TACACTCCACCTGCCATTCTCCTCTGGGCACAGGGCCCAGCCCCTGGATC
    TTGGCCTTGGCTCGACTTGCACCCACGCGCACACACACACTTCCTAACGT
    GCTGTCCGCTCACCCCTCCCCAGCGTGGTCCATGGGCAGCACGGCAGTGC
    GCGTCCGGCGGTAGTGAGTGCAGAGGTCCCTTCCCCTCCCCCAGGAGCCC
    CAGGGGTGTGTGCAGATCTGGGGGCTCCTGTCCCTTACACCTTCATGCCC
    CTCCCCTCATACCCACCCTCCAGGCGGGAGGCAGCGAGACCTTTGCCCAG
    GGACTCAGCCAACGGGCACACGGGAGGCCAGCCCTCAGCAGCTGGCTCCC
    AAAGAGGAGGTGGGAGGTAGGTCCACAGCTGCCACAGAGAGAAACCCTGA
    CGGACCCCACAGGGGCCACGCCAGCCGGAACCAGCTCCCTCGTGGGTGAG
    CAATGGCCAGGGCCCCGCCGGCCACCACGGCTGGCCTTGCGCCAGCTGAG
    AACTCACGTCCAGTGCAGGGAGACTCAAGACAGCCTGTGCACACAGCCTC
    GGATCTGCTCCCATTTCAAGCAGAAAAAGGAAACCGTGCAGGCAGCCCTC
    AGCATTTCAAGGATTGTAGCAGCGGCCAACTATTCGTCGGCAGTGGCCGA
    TTAGAATGACCGTGGAGAAGGGCGGAAGGGTCTCTCGTGGGCTCTGCGGC
    CAACAGGCCCTGGCTCCACCTGCCCGCTGCCAGCCCGAGGGGCTTGGGCC
    GAGCCAGGAACCACAGTGCTCACCGGGACCACAGTGACTGACCAAACTCC
    CGGCCAGAGCAGCCCCAGGCCAGCCGGGCTCTCGCCCTGGAGGACTCACC
    ATCAGATGCACAAGGGGGCGAGTGTGGAAGAGACGTGTCGCCCGGGCCAT
    TTGGGAAGGCGAAGGGACCTTCCAGGTGGACAGGAGGTGGGACGCACTCC
    AGGCAAGGGACTGGGTCCCCAAGGCCTGGGGAAGGGGTACTGGCTTGGGG
    GTTAGCCTGGCCAGGGAACGGGGAGCGGGGCGGGGGGCTGAGCAGGGAGG
    ACCTGACCTCGTGGGAGCGAGGCAAGTCAGGCTTCAGGCAGCAGCCGCAC
    ATCCCAGACCAGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGGGGCTTGCAGCGGGGCGGGGGC
    CTGCCTGGCTCCGGGGGCTCCTGGGGGACGCTGGCTCTTGTTTCCGTGTC
    CCGCAGCACAGGGCCAGCTCGCTGGGCCTATGCTTACCTTGATGTCTGGG
    GCCGGGGCGTCAGGGTCGTCGTCTCCTCAGGGGAGAGTCCCCTGAGGCTA
    CGCTGGGG*GGGGACTATGGCAGCTCCACCAGGGGCCTGGGGACCAGGGG
    CCTGGACCAGGCTGCAGCCCGGAGGACGGGCAGGGCTCTGGCTCTCCAGC
    ATCTGGCCCTCGGAAATGGCAGAACCCCTGGCGGGTGAGCGAGCTGAGAG
    CGGGTCAGACAGACAGGGGCCGGCCGGAAAGGAGAAGTTGGGGGCAGAGC
    CCGCCAGGGGCCAGGCCCAAGGTTCTGTGTGCCAGGGCCTGGGTGGGCAC
    ATTGGTGTGGCCATGGCTACTTAGACGCGTGATCAAGGGCGAATTCCAGC
    ACACTGGCGGCCGTTACTAGTggatcccggcgcgccctaccgggtagggg
    aggcgcttttcccaaggcagtctggagcatgcgctttagcagccccgctg
    ggcacttggcgctacacaagtggcctctggcctcgcacacattccacatc
    caccggtaggcgccaaccggctccgttctttggtggccccttcgcgccac
    cttctactcctcccctagtcaggaagttcccccccgccccgcagctcgcg
    tcgtgcaggacgtgacaaatggaagtagcacgtctcactagtctcgtgca
    gatggacagcaccgctgagcaatggaagcgggtaggcctttggggcagcg
    gccaatagcagctttggctccttcgctttctgggctcagaggctgggaag
    gggtgggtccgggggcgggctcaggggcgggctcaggggcggggcgggcg
    cccgaaggtcctccggaagcccggcattctgcacgcttcaaaagcgcacg
    tctgccgcgctgttctcctcttcctcatctccgggcctttcgacctgcag
    ccaatatgggatcggccattgaacaagatggattgcacgcaggttctccg
    gccgcttgggtggagaggctattcggctatgactgggcacaacagacaat
    cggctgctctgatgccgccgtgttccggctgtcagcgcaggggcgcccgg
    ttctttttgtcaagaccgacctgtccggtgccctgaatgaactgcaggac
    gaggcagcgcggctatcgtggctggccacgacgggcgttccttgcgcagc
    tgtgctcgacgttgtcactgaagcgggaagggactggctgctattgggcg
    aagtgccggggcaggatctcctgtcatctcaccttgctcctgccgagaaa
    gtatccatcatggctgatgcaatgcggcggctgcatacgcttgatccggc
    tacctgcccattcgaccaccaagcgaaacatcgcatcgagcgagcacgta
    ctcggatggaagccggtcttgtcaatcaggatgatctggacgaagagcat
    caggggctcgcgccagccgaactgttcgccaggctcaaggcgcgcatgcc
    cgacggcgaggatctcgtcgtgacccatggcgatgcctgcttgccgaata
    tcatggtggaaaatggccgcttttctggattcatcgactgtggccggctg
    ggtgtggcggatcgctatcaggacatagcgttggctacccgtgatattgc
    tgaagagcttggcggcgaatgggctgaccgcttcctcgtgctttacggta
    tcgccgctcccgattcgcagcgcatcgccttctatcgccttcttgacgag
    ttcttctgaggggatcaattcTCTAGATGCATGCTCGAGCGGCCGCCAGT
    GTGATGGATATCTGCAGAATTCGCCCTtCCAGGCGTTGAAGTCGTCGTGT
    CCTCAGGTAAGAACGGCCCTCCAGGGCCTTTAATTTCTGCTCTCGTCTGT
    GGGCTTTTCTGACTCTGATCCTCGGGAGGCGTCTGTGCCCCGCCCGGGGA
    TGAGGCCGGCTTGCCAGGAGGGGTCAGGGACCAGGAGCCTGTGGGAAGTT
    CTGACGGGGGCTGCAGGCGGGAAGGGCCCCACCGGGGGGCGAGCCCCAGG
    CCGCTGGGCGGCAGGAGACCCGTGAGAGTGCGCCTTGAGGAGGGTGTCTG
    CGGAAGCACGAACGCCGGCCGGGAAGGGCTTGCTGCAATGCGGTCTTCAG
    ACGGGAGGCGTCTTCTGCCCTCACCGTCTTTCAAGCCCTTGTGGGTCTGA
    AAGAGCCATGTCGGAGAGAGAAGGGACAGGCCTGTCCCGACCTGGCCGAG
    AGCGGGCAGCCCCGGGGGAGAGCGGGGCGATCGGCCTGGGCTCTGTGAGG
    CCAGGTCCAAGGGAGGACGTGTGGTCCTCGTGACAGGTGCACTTGCGAAA
    CCTTAGAAGACGGGGTATGTTGGAAGCGGCTCCTGATGTTTAAGAAAAGG
    GAGACTGTAAAGTGAGCAGAGTCCTCAAGTGTGTTAAGGTTTTAAAGGTC
    AAAGTGTTTTAAACCTTTGTGACTGCAGTTAGCAAGCGTGCGGGGAGTGA
    ATGGGGTGCCAGGGTGGCCGAGAGGCAGTACGAGGGCCGTGCCGTCCTCT
    AATTCAGGGCTTAGTTTTGCAGAATAAAGTCGGCCTGTTTTCTAAAAGCA
    TTGGTGGTGCTGAGCTGGTGGAGGAGGCCGCGGGCAGCCCTGGCCACCTG
    CAGCAGGTGGCAGGAAGCAGGTCGGCCAAGAGGCTATTTTAGGAAGCCAG
    AAAACACGGTCGATGAATTTATAGCTTCTGGTTTCCAGGAGGTGGTTGGG
    CATGGCTTTGCGCAGCGCCACAGAACCGAAAGTGCCCACTGAGAAAAAAC
    AACTCCTGCTTAATTTGCATTTTTCTAAAAGAAGAAACAGAGGCTGACGG
    AAACTGGAAAGTTCCTGTTTTAACTACTCGAATTGAGTTTTCGGTCTTAG
    CTTATCAACTGCTCACTTAGATTCATTTTCAAAGTAAACGTTTAAGAGCC
    GAGGCATTCCTATCCTCTTCTAAGGCGTTATTCCTGGAGGCTCATTCACC
    GCCAGCACCTCCGCTGCCTGCAGGCATTGCTGTCACCGTCACCGTGACGG
    CGCGCACGATTTTCAGTTGGCCCGCTTCCCCTCGTGATTAGGACAGACGC
    GGGCACTCTGGCCCAGCCGTCTTGGCTCAGTATCTGCAGGCGTCCGTCTC
    GGGACGGAGCTCAGGGGAAGAGCGTGACTCCAGTTGAACGTGATAGTCGG
    TGCGTTGAGAGGAGACCCAGTCGGGTGTCGAGTCAGAAGGGGCCCGGGGC
    CCGAGGCCCTGGGCAGGACGGCCCGTGCCCTGCATCACGGGCCCAGCGTC
    CTAGAGGCAGGACTCTGGTGGAGAGTGTGAGGGTGCCTGGGGCCCCTCCG
    GAGCTGGGGCCGTGCGGTGCAGGTTGGGCTCTCGGCGCGGTGTTGGCTGT
    TTCTGCGGGATTTGGAGGAATTCTTCCAGTGATGGGAGTCGCCAGTGACC
    GGGCACCAGGCTGGTAAGAGGGAGGCCGCCGTCGTGGCCAGAGCAGCTGG
    GAGGGTTCGGTAAAAGGCTCGCCCGTTTCCTTTAATGAGGACTTTTCCTG
    GAGGGCATTTAGTCTAGTCGGGACCGTTTTCGACTCGGGAAGAGGGATGC
    GGAGGAGGGCATGTGCCCAGGAGCCGAAGGCGCCGCGGGGAGAAGCCCAG
    GGCTCTCCTGTCCCCACAGAGGCGACGCCACTGCCGCAGACAGACAGGGC
    CTTTCCCTCTGATGACGGCAAAGGCGCCTCGGCTCTTGCGGGGTGCTGGG
    GGGGAGTCGCCCCGAAGCCGCTCACCCAGAGGCCTGAGGGGTGAGACTGA
    CCGATGCCTCTTGGCCGGGCCTGGGGCCGGACCGAGGGGGACTCCGTGGA
    GGCAGGGCGATGGTGGCTGCGGGAGGGAACCGACCCTGGGCCGAGCCCGG
    CTTGGCGATTCCCGGGCGAGGGCCCTCAGCCGAGGCGAGTGGGTCCGGCG
    GAACCACCCTTTCTGGCCAGCGCCACAGGGCTCTCGGGACTGTCCGGGGC
    GACGCTGGGCTGCCCGTGGCAGGCCTGGGCTGACCTGGACTTCACCAGAC
    AGAACAGGGCTTTCAGGGCTGAGCTGAGCCAGGTTTAGCGAGGCCAAGTG
    GGGCTGAACCAGGCTCAACTGGCCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGACCT
    GGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCTGGGCT
    GGACTGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTG
    AGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTG
    ATCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AGCTGGTTTGAGTTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGTGCTGGCTGA
    GCTAGGCTGAGCTAGGCTAGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAG
    GCTGGGCTGATTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCGTTGAGCTGG
    CTGGGCTGGATTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCT
    GGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGACTGGTTTGAGCTGGGTCGATCTGGGTTGAGCT
    GTCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCT
    CAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCT
    GGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGTGTT
    GAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGATTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCT
    GAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGTGCTGACTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGGTG
    AGCTGGGCTGAGCTGATCCGAGCTAGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTG
    AGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGATTGATCTGGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGG
    GCTGAGCTGGTCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTCGAGCTGAGCTGGACTGGTTTGA
    GCTGGGTCGATCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGA
    GCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGGGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCT
    GAACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTG
    AGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGGCCTGG
    GGTGAGCTGGGCTAGGTGGAGCTGAGCTGGGTCGAGCTGAGTTGGGCTGA
    GCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGGTAGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGA
    GCTGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAAGCTGGGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGG
    TTGAGCTGGGCTCGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCCGACCTAGGCTGGG
    ATGAGCTGGGCTGATTTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAG
    CAGGCTGAGCTGGGCCTGGAGCCTGGCCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTG
    CGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGCTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAA
    GCTGGGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGGATGAGCTGGGCCGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGA
    GCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGG
    GTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTAAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGTTTGGGCTGAGCTGGC
    TGAGCTGGGTCCTGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGACCAGGGGTGAGCTGGGC
    TGAGTTAGGCTGGGCTCAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGATCTGGCAGGGCTGGTTT
    GCGCTGGGTCAAGCTCCCGGGAGATGGCCTGGGATGAGCTGGGCTGGTTT
    GGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCAGGCTGAGCTG
    GGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTGGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AACTGGGCTAAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGATCGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGG
    CCTGGGGTTAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGG
    CTGGGCTGGTTTGCGCTGGGTCAAGCTGGGCCGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAG
    CTGGGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGGGCTGAG
    CTGAGCTAGGCTGCATTGAGCTGGCTGGGATGGATTGAGCTGGCTGAGCT
    GGCTGAGCTGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGG
    GTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTCAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGA
    GCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGGTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGA
    GCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTCGAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTG
    AGCTGGGCTCAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTG
    AGCTAGCTGGGCTCAGCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGG
    GCTGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCAGA
    GCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGCTGGGTTGGTCTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGA
    GCTGGGCTGAGCAGAGTTGGGTTGAGCTGAGCTGGGTTCAGCTGGGCTGA
    GCTAGGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGTTGAGTTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGGGTTGA
    GCGGAGCTGGGCTGAACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCGGAACTGGGTTGA
    TCTGAATTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCCGGGCTGAGCCGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTAG
    GTTGAGCTTGGGTGAGCTTGCCTCAGCTGGTCTGAGCTAGGTTGGGTGGA
    GCTAGGCTGGATTGAGCTGGGCTGAGGTGAGCTGATCTGGCCTCAGCTGG
    GCTGAGGTAGGCTGAACTGGGCTGTGCTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTGAGCCAG
    TTTGAGCTGGGTTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGTGTTGATCTTTCCTGA
    ACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGCCTAGCTGGATTGAACGGGGGTAAG
    CTGGGCCAGGCTGGACTGGGCTGAGCTGAGCTAGGCTGAGCTGAGTTGAA
    TTGGGTTAAGCTGGGCTGAGATGGGCTGAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGGTTGAG
    CCAGGTCGGACTGGGTTACCCTGGGCCACACTGGGCTGAGCTGGGCGGAG
    CTCGATTAACCTGGTCAGGCTGAGTCGGGTCCAGCAGACATGCGCTGGCC
    AGGCTGGCTTGACCTGGACACGTTCGATGAGCTGCCTTGGGATGGTTCAC
    CTCAGCTGAGCCAGGTGGCTCCAGCTGGGCTGAGCTGGTGACCCTGGGTG
    ACCTCGGTGACCAGGTTGTCCTGAGTCCGGGCCAAGCCGAGGCTGCATCA
    GACTCGCCAGACCCAAGGCCTGGGCCCCGGCTGGCAAGCCAGGGGCGGTG
    AAGGCTGGGCTGGCAGGACTGTCCCGGAAGGAGGTGCACGTGGAGCCGCC
    CGGACCCCGACCGGCAGGACCTGGAAAGACGCCTCTCACTCCCCTTTCTC
    TTCTGTCCCCTCTCGGGTCCTCAGAGAGCCAGTCTGCCCCGAATCTCTAC
    CCCCTCGTCTCCTGCGTCAGCCCCCCGTCCGATGAGAGCCTGGTGGCCCT
    GGGCTGCCTGGCCCGGGACTTCCTGCCCAGCTCCGTCACCTTCTCCTGGAA
  • Porcine Kappa Chain Targeting
  • In particular embodiments of the present invention, targeting vectors are provided to target the porcine kappa chain locus. In one particular embodiment, the targeting vector can contain 5′ and 3′ recombination arms that contain homologous sequence to the 3′ and 5′ flanking sequence of the constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa chain locus. Since the present invention discovered that there is only one constant region of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus, this will prevent the expression of a functional porcine kappa light chain immunoglobulin. In a specific embodiment, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the constant region, optionally including the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the constant region, optionally including at least part of the enhancer region (a “Kappa constant targeting construct”), see for example, FIG. 2. Further, this kappa constant targeting construct can also contain a selectable marker gene that is located between the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms, see for example, Seq ID No 20 and FIG. 2. In other embodiments, the targeting vector can contain a 5′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the joining region, and a 3′ recombination arm that contains sequence homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the joining region of the porcine kappa light chain locus. In other embodiments, the 5′ arm of the targeting vector can include Seq ID No 12 and/or Seq ID No 25 or any contiguous sequence or fragment thereof. In another embodiment, the 3′ arm of the targeting vector can include Seq ID No 15, 16 and/or 19 or any contiguous sequence or fragment thereof.
  • In further embodiments, the targeting vector can include, but is not limited to any of the following sequences: the coding region of kappa light chain is represented, for example by residues 1-549 of Seq ID No 30 and 10026-10549 of Seq ID No 30, whereas the intronic sequence is represented, for example, by residues 550-10025 of Seq ID No 30, the Joining region of kappa light chain is represented, for example, by residues 5822-7207 of Seq ID No 30 (for example, J1:5822-5859 of Seq ID No 30, J2:6180-6218 of Seq ID No 30, J3:6486-6523 of Seq ID No 30, J4:6826-6863 of Seq ID No 30, J5:7170-7207 of Seq ID No 30), the Constant Region is represented by the following residues: 10026-10549 of Seq ID No 30 (C exon) and 10026-10354 of Seq ID No 30 (C coding), 10524-10529 of Seq ID No 30 (Poly(A) signal) and 11160-11264 of Seq ID No 30 (SINE element) or any fragment or combination thereof. Still further, any contiguous sequence at least about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 300 nucleotides of Seq ID No 30 or fragment and/or combination thereof can be used as targeting sequence for the heavy chain targeting vector. It is understood that in general when designing a targeting construct one targeting arm will be 5′ of the other targeting arm.
    Seq ID No. 20
    ctcaaacgtaagtggctttttccgactgattctttgctgtttctaattgt
    tggttggctttttgtccatttttcagtgttttcatcgaattagttgtcag
    ggaccaaacaaattgccttcccagattaggtaccagggaggggacattgc
    tgcatgggagaccagagggtggctaatttttaacgtttccaagccaaaat
    aactggggaagggggcttgctgtcctgtgagggtaggtttttatagaagt
    ggaagttaaggggaaatcgctatggttcacttttggctcggggaccaaag
    tggagcccaaaattgagtacattttccatcaattatttgtgagatttttg
    tcctgttgtgtcatttgtgcaagtttttgacattttggttgaatgagcca
    ttcccagggacccaaaaggatgagaccgaaaagtagaaaagagccaactt
    ttaagctgagcagacagaccgaattgttgagtttgtgaggagagtagggt
    ttgtagggagaaaggggaacagatcgctggctttttctctgaattagcct
    ttctcatgggactggcttcagagggggtttttgatgagggaagtgttcta
    gagccttaactgtgggttgtgttcggtagcgggaccaagctggaaatcaa
    acgtaagtgcacttttctactcctttttctttcttatacgggtgtgaaat
    tggggacttttcatgtttggagtatgagttgaggtcagttctgaagagag
    tgggactcatccaaaaatctgaggagtaagggtcagaacagagttgtctc
    atggaagaacaaagacctagttagttgatgaggcagctaaatgagtcagt
    tgacttgggatccaaatggccagacttcgtctgtaaccaacaatctaatg
    agatgtagcagcaaaaagagatttccattgaggggaaagtaaaattgtta
    atattgtggatcacctttggtgaagggacatccgtggagattgaacgtaa
    gtattttttctctactaccttctgaaatttgtctaaatgccagtgttgac
    ttttagaggcttaagtgtcagttttgtgaaaaatgggtaaacaagagcat
    ttcatatttattatcagtttcaaaagttaaactcagctccaaaaatgaat
    ttgtagacaaaaagattaatttaagccaaattgaatgattcaaaggaaaa
    aaaaattagtgtagatgaaaaaggaattcttacagctccaaagagcaaaa
    gcgaattaattttctttgaactttgccaaatcttgtaaatgatttttgtt
    ctttacaatttaaaaaggttagagaaatgtatttcttagtctgttttctc
    tcttctgtctgataaattattatatgagataaaaatgaaaattaatagga
    tgtgctaaaaaatcagtaagaagttagaaaaatatatgtttatgttaaag
    ttgccacttaattgagaatcagaagcaatgttatttttaaagtctaaaat
    gagagataaactgtcaatacttaaattctgcagagattctatatcttgac
    agatatctcctttttcaaaaatccaatttctatggtagactaaatttgaa
    atgatcttcctcataatggagggaaaagatggactgaccccaaaagctca
    gattt*aagaaaacctgtttaag*gaaagaaaataaaagaactgcatttt
    ttaaaggcccatgaatttgtagaaaaataggaaatattttaataagtgta
    ttcttttattttcctgttattacttgatggtgtttttataccgccaagga
    ggccgtggcaccgtcagtgtgatctgtagaccccatggcggccttttttc
    gcgattgaatgaccttggcggtgggtccccagggctctggtggcagcgca
    ccagccgctaaaagccgctaaaaactgccgctaaaggccacagcaacccc
    gcgaccgcccgttcaactgtgctgacacagtgatacagataatgtcgcta
    acagaggagaatagaaatatgacgggcacacgctaatgtggggaaaagag
    ggagaagcctgatttttattttttagagattctagagataaaattcccag
    tattatatccttttaataaaaaatttctattaggagattataaagaattt
    aaagctatttttttaagtggggtgtaattctttcagtagtctcttgtcaa
    atggatttaagtaatagaggcttaatccaaatgagagaaatagacgcata
    accctttcaaggcaaaagctacaagagcaaaaattgaacacagcagccag
    ccatctagccactcagattttgatcagttttactgagtttgaagtaaata
    tcatgaaggtataattgctgataaaaaaataagatacaggtgtgacacat
    ctttaagtttcagaaatttaatggcttcagtaggattatatttcacgtat
    acaaagtatctaagcagataaaaatgccattaatggaaacttaatagaaa
    tatatttttaaattccttcattctgtgacagaaattttctaatctgggtc
    ttttaatcacctaccctttgaaagagtttagtaatttgctatttgccatc
    gctgtttactccagctaatttcaaaagtgatacttgagaaagattatttt
    tggtttgcaaccacctggcaggactattttagggccattttaaaactctt
    ttcaaactaagtattttaaactgttctaaaccatttagggccttttaaaa
    atcttttcatgaatttcaaacttcgttaaaagttattaaggtgtctggca
    agaacttccttatcaaatatgctaatagtttaatctgttaatgcaggata
    taaaattaaagtgatcaaggcttgacccaaacaggagtatcttcatagca
    tatttcccctcctttttttctagaattcatatgattttgctgccaaggct
    attttatataatctctggaaaaaaaatagtaatgaaggttaaaagagaag
    aaaatatcagaacattaagaattcggtattttactaactgcttggttaac
    atgaaggtttttattttattaaggtttctatctttataaaaatctgttcc
    cttttctgctgatttctccaagcaaaagattcttgatttgttttttaact
    cttactctcccacccaagggcctgaatgcccacaaaggggacttccagga
    ggccatctggcagctgctcaccgtcagaagtgaagccagccagttcctcc
    tgggcaggtggccaaaattacagttgacccctcctggtctggctgaacct
    tgccccatatggtgacagccatctggccagggcccaggtctccctctgaa
    gcctttgggaggagagggagagtggctggcccgatcacagatgcggaagg
    ggctgactcctcaaccggggtgcagactctgcagggtgggtctgggccca
    acacacccaaagcacgcccaggaaggaaaggcagcttggtatcactgccc
    agagctaggagaggcaccgggaaaatgatctgtccaagacccgttcttgc
    ttctaaactccgagggggtcagatgaagtggttttgtttcttggcctgaa
    gcatcgtgttccctgcaagaagcggggaacacagaggaaggagagaaaag
    atgaactgaacaaagcatgcaaggcaaaaaaggGGGTCTAGCCGCGGTCT
    AGGAAGCTTTCTAGGGTACCTCTAGGGATCCCGGCGCGCCCTACCGGGTA
    GGGGAGGCGCTTTTCCCAAGGCAGTCTGGAGCATGCGCTTTAGCAGCCCC
    GCTGGGCACTTGGCGCTACACAAGTGGCCTCTGGCCTCGCACACATTCCA
    CATCCACCGGTAGGCGCCAACCGGCTCCGTTCTTTGGTGGCCCCTTCGCG
    CCACCTTCTACTCCTCCCCTAGTCAGGAAGTTCCCCCCCGCCCCGCAGCT
    CGCGTCGTGCAGGACGTGACAAATGGAAGTAGCACGTCTCACTAGTCTCG
    TGCAGATGGACAGCACCGCTGAGCAATGGAAGCGGGTAGGCCTTTGGGGC
    AGCGGCCAATAGCAGCTTTGGCTCCTTCGCTTTCTGGGCTCAGAGGCTGG
    GAAGGGGTGGGTCCGGGGGCGGGCTCAGGGGCGGGCTCAGGGGCGGGGCG
    GGCGCCCGAAGGTCCTCCGGAAGCCCGGCATTCTGCACGCTTCAAAAGCG
    CACGTCTGCCGCGCTGTTCTCCTCTTCCTCATCTCCGGGCCTTTCGACCT
    GCAGCCAATATGGGATCGGCCATTGAACAAGATGGATTGCACGCAGGTTC
    TCCGGCCGCTTGGGTGGAGAGGCTATTCGGCTATGACTGGGCACAACAGA
    CAATCGGCTGCTCTGATGCCGCCGTGTTCCGGCTGTCAGCGCAGGGGCGC
    CCGGTTCTTTTTGTCAAGACCGACCTGTCCGGTGCCCTGAATGAACTGCA
    GGACGAGGCAGCGCGGCTATCGTGGCTGGCCACGACGGGCGTTCCTTGCG
    CAGCTGTGCTCGACGTTGTCACTGAAGCGGGAAGGGACTGGCTGCTATTG
    GGCGAAGTGCCGGGGCAGGATCTCCTGTCATCTCACCTTGCTCCTGCCGA
    GAAAGTATCCATCATGGCTGATGCAATGCGGCGGCTGCATACGCTTGATC
    CGGCTACCTGCCCATTCGACCACCAAGCGAAACATCGCATCGAGCGAGCA
    CGTACTCGGATGGAAGCCGGTCTTGTCAATCAGGATGATCTGGACGAAGA
    GCATCAGGGGCTCGCGCCAGCCGAACTGTTCGCCAGGCTCAAGGCGCGCA
    TGCCCGACGGCGAGGATCTCGTCGTGACCCATGGCGATGCCTGCTTGCCG
    AATATCATGGTGGAAAATGGCCGCTTTTCTGGATTCATCGACTGTGGCCG
    GCTGGGTGTGGCGGATCGCTATCAGGACATAGCGTTGGCTACCCGTGATA
    TTGCTGAAGAGCTTGGCGGCGAATGGGCTGACCGGTTCCTCGTGCTTTAC
    GGTATCGCCGCTCCCGATTCGCAGCGCATCGCCTTCTATCGCCTTCTTGA
    CGAGTTCTTCTGAGGGGATCAATTCTCTAGAGCTCGCTGATCAGCCTCGA
    CTGTGCCTTCTAGTTGCCAGCCATCTGTTGTTTGCCCCTCCCCCGTGCCT
    TCCTTGACCCTGGAAGGTGCCACTCCCACTGTCCTTTCCTAATAAAATGA
    GGAAATTGCATCGCATTGTCTGAGTAGGTGTCATTCTATTCTGGGGGGTG
    GGGTGGGGCAGGACAGCAAGGGGGAGGATTGGGAAGACAATAGCAGGCAT
    GCTGGGGATGCGGTGGGCTCTATGGCTTCTGAGGGGGAAAGAACCAGCTG
    GGGGCGCGCCCctcgagcggccgccagtgtgatggatatctgcagaattc
    gcccttggatcaaacacgcatcctcatggacaatatgttgggttcttagc
    ctgctgagacacaacaggaactcccctggcaccactttagaggccagaga
    aacagcacagataaaattccctgccctcatgaagcttatagtctagctgg
    ggagatatcataggcaagataaacacatacaaatacatcatcttaggtaa
    taatatatactaaggagaaaattacaggggagaaagaggacaggaattgc
    tagggtaggattataagttcagatagttcatcaggaacactgttgctgag
    aagataacatttaggtaaagaccgaagtagtaaggaaatggaccgtgtgc
    ctaagtgggtaagaccattctaggcagcaggaacagcgatgaaagcactg
    aggtgggtgttcactgcacagagttgttcactgcacagagttgtgtgggg
    aggggtaggtcttgcaggctcttatggtcacaggaagaattgttttactc
    ccaccgagatgaaggttggtggattttgagcagaagaataattctgcctg
    gtttatatataacaggatttccctgggtgctctgatgagaataatctgtc
    aggggtgggatagggagagatatggcaataggagccttggctaggagccc
    acgacaataattccaagtgagaggtggtgctgcattgaaagcaggactaa
    caagacctgctgacagtgtggatgtagaaaaagatagaggagacgaaggt
    gcatctagggttttctgcctgaggaattagaaagataaagctaaagctta
    tagaagatgcagcgctctggggagaaagaccagcagctcagttttgatcc
    atctggaattaattttggcataaagtatgaggtatgtgggttaacattat
    ttgttttttttttttccatgtagctatccaactgtcccagcatcatttat
    tttaaaagactttcctttcccctattggattgttttggcaccttcactga
    agatcaactgagcataaaattgggtctatttctaagctcttgattccatt
    ccatgacctatttgttcatctttaccccagtagacactgccttgatgatt
    aaagcccctgttaccatgtctgttttggacatggtaaatctgagatgcct
    attagccaaccaagcaagcacggcccttagagagctagatatgagagcct
    ggaattcagacgagaaaggtcagtcctagagacatacatgtagtgccatc
    accatgcggatggtgttaaaagccatcagactgcaacagactgtgagagg
    gtaccaagctagagagcatggatagagaaacccaagcactgagctgggag
    gtgctcctacattaagagattagtgagatgaaggactgagaagattgatc
    agagaagaaggaaaatcaggaaaatggtgctgtcctgaaaatccaaggga
    agagatgttccaaagaggagaaaactgatcagttgtcagctagcgtcaat
    tgggatgaaaatggaccattggacagagggatgtagtgggtcatgggtga
    atagataagagcagcttctatagaatggcaggggcaaaattctcatctga
    tcggcatgggttctaaagaaaacgggaagaaaaaattgagtgcatgacca
    gtcccttcaagtagagaggtggaaaagggaaggaggaaaatgaggccacg
    acaacatgagagaaatgacagcatttttaaaaattttttattttatttta
    tttatttatttttgctttttagggctgcccctgcaacatatggaggttcc
    caggttaggggtctaatcagagctatagctgccagcctacaccacagcca
    tagcaatgccagatctacatgacctacaccacagctcacagcaacgccgg
    atccttaacccactgagtgaggccagagatcaaacccatatccttatgga
    tactagtcaggttcattaccactgagccaaaatgggaaatcctgagtaat
    gacagcattttttaatgtgccaggaagcaaaacttgccaccccgaaatgt
    ctctcaggcatgtggattattttgagctgaaaacgattaaggcccaaaaa
    acacaagaagaaatgtggaccttcccccaacagcctaaaaaatttagatt
    gagggcctgttcccagaatagagctattgccagacttgtctacagaggct
    aagggctaggtgtggtggggaaaccctcagagatcagagggacgtttatg
    taccaagcattgacatttccatctccatgcgaatggccttcttcccctct
    gtagccccaaaccaccacccccaaaatcttcttctgtctttagctgaaga
    tggtgttgaaggtgatagtttcagccactttggcgagttcctcagttgtt
    ctgggtctttcctccTgatccacattattcgactgtgtttgattttctcc
    tgtttatctgtctcattggcacccatttcattcttagaccagcccaaaga
    acctagaagagtgaaggaaaatttcttccaccctgacaaatgctaaatga
    gaatcaccgcagtagaggaaaatgatctggtgctgcgggagatagaagag
    aaaatcgctggagagatgtcactgagtaggtgagatgggaaaggggtgac
    acaggtggaggtgttgccctcagctaggaagacagacagttcacagaaga
    gaagcgggtgtccgtggacatcttgcctcatggatgaggaaaccgaggct
    aagaaagactgcaaaagaaaggtaaggattgcagagaggtcgatccatga
    ctaaaatcacagtaaccaaccccaaaccaccatgttttctcctagtctgg
    cacgtggcaggtactgtgtaggttttcaatattattggtttgtaacagta
    cctattaggcctccatcccctcctctaatactaacaaaagtgtgagactg
    gtcagtgaaaaatggtcttctttctctatgaatctttctcaagaagatac
    ataactttttattttatcataggcttgaagagcaaatgagaaacagcctc
    caacctatgacaccgtaacaaaatgtttatgatcagtgaagggcaagaaa
    caaaacatacacagtaaagaccctccataatattgtgggtggcccaacac
    aggccaggttgtaaaagctttttattctttgatagaggaatggatagtaa
    tgtttcaacctggacagagatcatgttcactgaatccttccaaaaattca
    tgggtagtttgaattataaggaaaataagacttaggataaatactttgtc
    caagatcccagagttaatgccaaaatcagttttcagactccaggcagcct
    gatcaagagcctaaactttaaagacacagtcccttaataactactattca
    cagttgcactttcagggcgcaaagactcattgaatcctacaatagaatga
    gtttagatatcaaatctctcagtaatagatgaggagactaaatagcgggc
    atgacctggtcacttaaagacagaattgagattcaaggctagtgttcttt
    ctacctgttttgtttctacaagatgtagcaatgcgctaattacagacctc
    tcagggaaggaa
  • Porcine Lambda Chain Targeting
  • In particular embodiments of the present invention, targeting vectors are provided to target the porcine lambda chain locus. In one embodiment, lambda can be targeted by designing a targeting construct that contains a 5′ arm containing sequence located 5′ to the first JC unit and a 3′ arm containing sequence 3′ to the last JC unit of the J/C cluster region, thus preventing functional expression of the lambda locus (see, FIGS. 3-4). In one embodiment, the targeting vector can contain any contiguous sequence (such as about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300 or 5000 nucleotides of contiguous sequence) or fragment thereof. Seq ID No 28. In one embodiment, the 5′ targeting arm can contain Seq ID No. 32, which includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first lambda J/C region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence or any contiguous sequence (such as about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300 or 5000 nucleotides of contiguous sequence) or fragment thereof (see also, for example FIG. 5). In another embodiment, the 3′ targeting arm can contain, but is not limited to one or more of the following: Seq ID No. 33, which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, from approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C; Seq ID No. 34, which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, approximately 11.8 Kb downstream of the J/C cluster, near the enhancer; Seq ID No. 35, which includes approximately 12 Kb downstream of lambda, including the enhancer region; Seq ID No. 36, which includes approximately 17.6 Kb downstream of lambda; Seq ID No. 37, which includes approximately 19.1 Kb downstream of lambda; Seq ID No. 38, which includes approximately 21.3 Kb downstream of lambda; and Seq ID No. 39, which includes approximately 27 Kb downstream of lambda, or any contiguous sequence (such as about 17, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300 or 5000 nucleotides of contiguous sequence) or fragment thereof of Seq ID Nos 32-39 (see also, for example FIG. 6). It is understood that in general when designing a targeting construct one targeting arm will be 5′ of the other targeting arm.
  • Seq ID No. 48 (as shown in Example 4) provides a representative, non-limiting example of a targeting construct that contains a 5′ arm containing sequence located 5′ to the first JC unit and a 3′ arm containing sequence 3′ to the last JC unit of the J/C cluster region. Representative 5′ and 3′ arms are shown in Seq ID No. 49 and 50 (also in Example 4).
  • In another embodiment, lambda is targeted using two targeting vectors. The two lambda targeting vectors, i.e., a vector pair, are utilized in a two step strategy to delete the entire J/C region of porcine lambda. In the first step, a first targeting vector is inserted upstream of the J/C region (or alternatively downstream of the J/C region). If the first targeting vector is inserted upstream of the J/C region, the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms of the first targeted vector contain homologous sequence to the 5′ flanking sequence of the first J/C unit of the J/C cluster region. See FIG. 5, which shows 7 JC units in the J/C cluster region. If the first targeting vector is inserted downstream of the J/C cluster region, the 5′ and 3′ recombination arms of the first targeting vector contain homologous sequence to the 3′ region of the last J/C unit in the JC region.
  • The first-step vectors are designed with lox sites that flank a fusion gene which can provide both positive and negative selection. Selection of the targeting event utilizes the Tn5 APHII gene commonly described as Neo resistance. Once targeting events are isolated, Cre is provided transiently to facilitate deletion of the selectable marker located between two lox sites. Negative selection is then provided by the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase coding region. This step selects for targeted cells that have deleted the selectable marker and retains a single lox site upstream (alternatively downstream) of the J/C region.
  • The second step is performed in the same lineage as the first step. The second targeting step also inserts a marker that provides both positive and negative selection. However, the second step inserts the marker on the opposite site of the J/C region in comparison to the first step. That is, if the first vector was inserted upstream of the J/C region, the second targeting vector is inserted downstream, and vice versa. FIG. 6 shows a second targeting vector inserted downstream of the J/C region. In addition, the second targeting vector has a single lox site that is located distally compared to the first vector. In other words, for the first strategy, the second vector has a single lox site located downstream of the marker gene (the alternative vector has the lox site upstream of the marker). After Cre mediated deletion, the region between the first targeting event (which left a lox remnant) and the second targeting event (which has a lox site outside of the marker) is deleted. Cells that have deleted the entire J/C cluster region are thus obtained.
  • In a representative, non-limiting example, the vector pair is Seq. ID No. 44 (step 1) and Seq. ID No. 45 (step 2).
  • In a further, non-limiting example, the vector pair is Seq. ID No. 46 (step 1) and Seq. ID No. 47 (step 2).
    SEQ. ID taaacaaataggggttccgcgcacatttccccgaaaagtgccacctgacgtcgctgagcaggccctggcctccctggcc
    44 gagggcggtttgcgtattagaggcctaaatggccgaattcagcggataacaatttcacacaggaaacagctatgaccatg
    attatctagtaactataacggtcctaaggtagcgagcgatcgcttaattaacctgcagggatatcccatgggggccgccag
    tgtgatggatatctgcagaattcgcccttgatattaagagaagggcaagtcagcttaagtttgggggtagaggggaacag
    ggagtgaggagatctggcctgagagataggagccctggtggccacaggaggactctttgggtcctgtcggatggacac
    agggcggcccgggggcatgttggagcccggctggttcttaccagaggcagggggcaccctctgacacgggagcagg
    gcatgttccatacatgacacacccctctgctccagggcaggtgggtggcggcacagaggagccagggactctgagcaa
    ggggtccaccagtggggcagttggatccagacttctctgggccagcgagagtctagccctcagccgttctctgtccagg
    aggggggtggggcaggcctgggcggccagagctcatccctcaagggttcccagggtcctgccagacccagatttccg
    accgcagccaccacaagaggatgtggtctgctgtggcagctgccaagaccttgcagcaggtgcagggtgggggggtg
    ggggcacctgggggcagctggggtcactgagttcagggaaaaccccttttttcccctaaacctggggccatccctaggg
    gaaaccacaacttctgagccctgggcagtggctgctgggagggaagagcttcatcctggaccctgggggggaaccca
    gctccaaaggtgcaaggggcccaggtccaaggctagagtgggccaagcaccgcaatggccagggagtgggggagg
    tggagctggactggatcagggcctccttgggactccctacaccctgtgtgacatgttagggtacccacaccccatcacca
    gtcagggcctggcccatctccagggccagggatgtgcatgtaagtgtgtgtgagtgtgtgtgtgtggtgtagtacacccct
    tggcatccggttccgaggccttgggttcctccaaagttgctctctgaattaggtcaaactgtgaggtcctgatcgccatcatc
    aacttcgttctccccacctcccatcattatcaagagctggggagggtctgggatttcttcccacccacaagccaaaagata
    agcctgctggtgatggcagaagacacaggatcctgggtcagagacaaaggccagtgtgtcacagcgagagaggcag
    ccggactatcagctgtcacagagaggccttagtccgctgaactcaggccccagtgactcctgttccactgggcactggcc
    cccctccacagcgcccccaggccccagggagaggcgtcacagcttagagatggccctgctgaacagggaacaagaa
    caggtgtgccccatccagcgccccaggggtgggacaggtgggctggatttggtgtgaagcccttgagccctggaaccc
    aaccacagcagggcagttggtagatgccatttggggagaggccccaggagtaagggccatgggcccttgagggggc
    caggagctgaggacagggacagagacggcccaggcagaggacagggccatgaggggtgcactgagatggccact
    gccagcaggggcagctgccaacccgtccagggaacttattcagcagtcagctggaggtgccattgaccctgagggca
    gatgaagcccaggccaggctaggtgggctgtgaagaccccaggggacagagctctgtccctgggcagcactggcctc
    tcattctgcagggcttgacgggatcccaaggcctgctgcccctgatggtagtggcagtaccgcccagagcaggacccc
    agcatggaaaccccaacgggacgcagcctgcggagcccacaaaaccagtaaggagccgaagcagtcatggcacgg
    ggagtgtggacttccctttgatggggcccaggcatgaaggacagaatgggacagcggccatgagcagaaaatcagcc
    ggaggggatgggcctaggcagacgctggctttatttgaagtgttggcattttgtctggtgtgtattgttggtattgattttatttt
    agtatgtcagtgacatactgacatattatgtaacgacatattattatgtgttttaagaagcactccaagggaacaggctgtctg
    taatgtgtccagagaagagagcaagagcttggctcagtctcccccaaggaggtcagttcctcaacaggggtcctaaatgt
    ttcctggagccaggcctgaatcaagggggtcatatctacacgtggggcagacccatggaccattttcggagcaataagat
    ggcagggaggataccaagctggtcttacagatccagggctttgacctgtgacgcgggcgctcctccaggcaaagggag
    aagccagcaggaagctttcagaactggggagaacagggtgcagacctccagggtcttgtacaacgcaccctttatcctg
    gggtccaggaggggtcactgagggatttaagtgggggaccatcagaaccaggtttgtgttttggaaaaatggctccaaa
    gcagagaccagtgtgaggccagattagatgatgaagaagaggcagtggaaagtcgatgggtggccaggtagcaaga
    gggcctatggagttggcaagtgaatttaaagtggtggcaccagagggcagatggggaggagcaggcactgtcatgga
    ctgtctatagaaatctaaaatgtataccctttttagcaatatgcagtgagtcataaaagaacacatatatatttcctttggccgg
    ccggcgcgccacgcgtataacttcgtatagcatacattatacgaagttatcttaagggctatggcagggcctgccgcccc
    gacgttggctgcgagccctgggccttcacccgaacttggggggtggggtggggaaaaggaagaaacgcgggcgtatt
    ggccccaatggggtctcggtggggtatcgacagagtgccagccctgggaccgaaccccgcgtttatgaacaaacgacc
    caacaccgtgcgttttattctgtctttttattgccgtcatagcgcgggttccttccggtatgtctccttccgtgtttcactcgagt
    tagaagaactcgtcaagaaggcgatagaaggcgatgcgctgcgaatcgggagcggcgataccgtaaagcacgagga
    agcggtcagcccattcgccgccaagctcttcagcaatatcacgggtagccaacgctatgtcctgatagcggtccgccac
    acccagccggccacagtcgatgaatccagaaaagcggccattttccaccatgatattcggcaagcaggcatcgccatgg
    gtcacgacgagatcctcgccgtcgggcatgcgcgccttgagcctggcgaacagttcggctggcgcgagcccctgatgc
    tcttcgtccagatcatcctgatcgacaagaccggcttccatccgagtacgtgctcgctcgatgcgatgtttcgcttggtggtc
    gaatgggcaggtagccggatcaagcgtatgcagccgccgcattgcatcagccatgatggatactttctcggcaggagca
    aggtgagatgacaggagatcctgccccggcacttcgcccaatagcagccagtcccttcccgcttcagtgacaacgtcga
    gcacagctgcgcaaggaacgcccgtcgtggccagccacgatagccgcgctgcctcgtcctgcagttcattcagggcac
    cggacaggtcggtcttgacaaaaagaaccgggcgcccctgcgctgacagccggaacacggcggcatcagagcagcc
    gattgtctgttgtgcccagtcatagccgaatagcctctccacccaagcggccggagaacctgcgtgcaatccatcttgttc
    aatggccgatcccattccagatctgttagcctcccccatctcccgtgcaaacgtgcgcgccaggtcgcagatcgtcggtat
    ggagcctggggtggtgacgtgggtctggatcatcccggaggtaagttgcagcagggcgtcccggcagccggcgggc
    gattggtcgtaatccaggataaagacgtgcatgggacggaggcgtttggtcaagacgtccaaggcccaggcaaacacg
    ttgtacaggtcgccgttgggggccagcaactcgggggcccgaaacagggtaaataacgtgtccccgatatggggtcgt
    gggcccgcgttgctctggggctcggcaccctggggcggcacggccgtccccgaaagctgtccccaatcctcccgcca
    cgacccgccgccctgcagataccgcaccgtattggcaagcagcccgtaaacgcggcgaatcgcggccagcatagcca
    ggtcaagccgctcgccggggcgctggcgtttggccaggcggtcgatgtgtctgtcctccggaagggcccccaacacg
    atgtttgtgccgggcaaggtcggcgggatgagggccacgaacgccagcacggcctggggggtcatgctgcccataag
    gtatcgcgcggccgggtagcacaggagggcggcgatgggatggcggtcgaagatgagggtgagggccgggggcg
    gggcatgtgagctcccagcctcccccccgatatgaggagccagaacggcgtcggtcacggcataaggcatgcccattg
    ttatctgggcgcttgtcattaccaccgccgcgtccccggccgatatctcaccctggtcaaggcggtgttgtgtggtgtagat
    gttcgcgattgtctcggaagcccccagcacccgccagtaagtcatcggctcgggtacgtagacgatatcgtcgcgcgaa
    cccagggccaccagcagttgcgtggtggtggttttccccatcccgtggggaccgtctatataaacccgcagtagcgtgg
    gcattttctgctccgggcggacttccgtggcttcttgctgccggcgagggcgcaacgccgtacgtcggttgctatggccg
    cgagaacgcgcagcctggtcgaacgcagacgcgtgctgatggccggggtacgaagccatggtggctctagaggtcga
    aaggcccggagatgaggaagaggagaacagcgcggcagacgtgcgcttttgaagcgtgcagaatgccgggcttccg
    gaggaccttcgggcgcccgccccgcccctgagcccgcccctgagcccgcccccggacccaccccttcccagcctctg
    agcccagaaagcgaaggagccaaagctgctattggccgctgccccaaaggcctacccgcttccattgctcagcggtgc
    tgtccatctgcacgagactagtgagacgtgctacttccatttgtcacgtcctgcacgacgcgagctgcggggcgggggg
    gaacttcctgactaggggaggagtagaaggtggcgcgaaggggccaccaaagaacggagccggttggcgcctaccg
    gtggatgtggaatgtgtgcgaggccagaggccacttgtgtagcgccaagtgcccagcggggctgctaaagcgcatgct
    ccagactgccttgggaaaagcgcctcccctacccggtagggatccgcgttacataacttacggtaaatggcccgcctgg
    ctgaccgcccaacgacccccgcccattgacgtcaataatgacgtatgttcccatagtaacgccaatagggactttccattg
    acgtcaatgggtggagtatttacggtaaactgcccacttggcagtacatcaagtgtatcatatgccaagtacgccccctatt
    gacgtcaatgacggtaaatggcccgcctggcattatgcccagtacatgaccttatgggactttcctacttggcagtacatct
    acgtattagtcatcgctattaccatggtgatgcggttttggcagtacatcaatgggcgtggatagcggtttgactcacgggg
    atttccaagtctccaccccattgacgtcaatgggagtttgttttggcaccaaaatcaacggttaacaagcttataacttcgtat
    agcatacattatacgaagttattacgtagcggccgcgtcgacgataaattgtgtaattccacttctaaggattcatcccaagg
    ggggaaaataatcaaagatgtaaccaaaggtttacaaacaagaactcatcattaatcttccttgttgttatttcaacgatattat
    tattattactattattattattattattttgtctttttgcattttctagggccactcccacggcatagagaggttcccaggctagggg
    tcaaatcggagctacagctgccggcctacgccagagccacagcaacgcaggatctgagccacagcaatgcaggatct
    acaccacagctcatggtaacgctggatccttaacccaatgagtgaggccagggatcgaacctgtaacttcatggttcctag
    tcggattcattaaccactgagccacgacaggaactccaacattattaatgatgggagaaaactggaagtaacctaaatatc
    cagcagaaagggtgtggccaaatacagcatggagtagccatcataaggaatcttacacaagcctccaaaattgtgtttctg
    aaattgggtttaaagtacgtttgcattttaaaaagcctgccagaaaatacagaaaaatgtctgtgatatgtctctggctgatag
    gattttgcttagttttaattttggctttataattttctatagttatgaaaatgttcacaagaagatatatttcattttagcttctaaaata
    attataacacagaagtaatttgtgctttaaaaaaatattcaacacagaagtatataaagtaaaaattgaggagttcccatcgtg
    gctcagtgattaacaaacccaactagtatccatgaggatatggatttgatccctggccttgctcagtgggttgaggatccag
    tgttgctgtgagctgtggtgtaggttgcagacacagcactctggcgttgctgtgactctggcgtaggccggcagctacag
    ctccatttggacccttagcctgggaacctccatatgcctgagatacggccctaaaaagtcaaaagccaaaaaaatagtaa
    aaattgagtgtttctacttaccacccctgcccacatcttatgctaaaacccgttctccagagacaaacatcgtcaggtgggtc
    tatatatttccagccctcctcctgtgtgtgtatgtccgtaaaacacacacacacacacacacacgcacacacacacacacg
    tatctaattagcattggtattagtttttcaaaagggaggtcatgctctaccttttaggcggcaaatagattatttaaacaaatctg
    ttgacattttctatatcaacccataagatctcccatgttcttggaaaggctttgtaagacatcaacatctgggtaaaccagcat
    ggtttttagggggtttgtggatttttttcatattttttagggcacacctgcagcatatggaggttcccaggctaggggttgaat
    cagagctgtagctgccggcctacaccacagccacagcaacgccagatccttaacccactgagaaaggccagggattga
    acctgcatcctcatggatgctggtcagatttatttctgctgagccacaacaggaactccctgaaccagaatgcttttaaccat
    tccactttgcatggacatttagattgtttccatttaaaaatacaaattacaaggagttcccgtcgtggctcagtggtaacgaatt
    ggactaggaaccatgaggtttcgggttcgatccctggccttgctcggtgggttaaggatccagcattgatgtgagatatgg
    tgtaggtcgcagacgtggctcggatcccacgttgctgtggctctggcgtaggccggcaacaacagctccgattcgaccc
    ctagcctgggaacctccatgtgccacaggagcagccctagaaaaggcaaaaagacaaaaaaataaaaaattaaaatga
    aaaaataaaataaaaatacaaattacaagagacggctacaaggaaatccccaagtgtgtgcaaatgccatatatgtataaa
    atgtactagtgtctcctcgcgggaaagttgcctaaaagtgggttggctggacagagaggacaggctttgacattctcatag
    gtagtagcaatgggcttctcaaaatgctgttccagtttacactcaccatagcaaatgacagtgcctcttcctctccacccttg
    ccaataatgtgacaggtggatctttttctattttgtgtatctgacaagcaaaaaatgagaacaggagttcctgtcgtggtgca
    gtggagacaaatctgactaggaaccatgaaatttcgggttcaatccctggcctcactcagtaggtaaaggatccagggttg
    cagtgagctgtggggtaggtcgcagacacagtgcaaatttggccctgttgtggctgtggtgtaggccggcagctatagct
    ccaattggacccctagcctgggaacctccttatgccgtgggtgaggccctaaaaaaaagagtgcaaaaaaaaaaaataa
    gaacaaaaatgatcatcgtttaattctttatttgatcattggtgaaacttattttccttttatatttttattgactgattttatttctcctat
    gaatttaccggtcatagttttgcctgggtgtttttactccggttttagttttggttggttgtattttcttagagagctatagaaactct
    tcatctatttggaatagtaattcctcattaagtatttgtgctgcaaaaaattttccctgatctgttttatgcttttgtttgtggggtctt
    tcacgagaaagcctttttagtttttacacctcagcttggttgtttttcttgattgtgtctgtaatctgcggccaacataggaaaca
    catttttactttagtgtttttttcctattttcttcaagtacgtccattgttttggtgtctgattttactttgcctggggtttgtttttgtgtg
    gcaggaatataaacttatgtattttccaaatggagagccaatggttgtatatttgttgaattcaaatgcaactttatcaaacacc
    aaatcatcgatttatcacaactcttctctggtttattgatctaatgatcaattcctgttccacgctgttttaattattttagctttgtgg
    attttggtgcctggtagagaacaaagcctccattattttcattcaaaatagtcccgtctattatctgccattgttgtagtattaga
    ctttaaaatcaatttactgattttcaaaagttattcctttggtgatgtggaatactttatacttcataaggtacatggattcatttgtg
    gggaattgatgtctttgctattgtggccatttgtcaagttgtgtaatattttacccatgccaactttgcatattgtatgtgagtttat
    tcccagggtttttaataggatgtttattgaagttgtcagtgtttccacaatttcatcgcctcagtgcttactgtttgcataaaagg
    aaacctactcacttttgcctattgctcttgtattcaatcattttagttaactcttgtgttaattttgagagtttttcagctgactgtctg
    gggttttctttaatagactagccctttgtctgtaaagaataattttatcgaatttttcttaacactcacactctccccacccccacc
    cccgctcatctcctttcattgggtcaaatctgtagaatacaataaaagtaagagtgggaaccttagcctttaagtcgattttgc
    ctttaaatgtgaatgttgctatgtttcgggacattctctttatcaagttgcggatgtttccttagataattaacttaataaaagact
    ggatgtttgctttcttcaaatcagaattgtgttgaatttatattgctattctgtttaattttgtttcaaaaaatttacatgcacacctta
    aagataaccatgaccaaatagtcctcctgctgagagaaaatgttggccccaatgccacaggttacctcccgactcagata
    aactacaatgggagataaaatcagatttggcaaagcctgtggattcttgccataactctcagagcatgacttgggtgttttttc
    cttttctaagtattttaatggtatttttgtgttacaataggaaatctaggacacagagagtgattcaatgaggggaacgcattct
    gggatgactctaggcctctggtttggggagagctctattgaagtaaagacaatgagaggaagcaagtttgcagggaact
    gtgaggaatttagatggggaatgttgggtttgaggtttctatagggcacgcaagcagagatgcactcaggaggaagaag
    gagcataaatctagtggcgctgccggcaagcttgctggaggaggccaattgggagctgctggaatgcatggaggcggc
    gctctcgaggctggaggaggccagctgatttaaatcggtccgcgtacgatgcatattaccctgttatccctaccgcggtta
    ctggccgtcgttttacaacgtcgtgactgggaaaaccctggcgatgctcttctcccggtgaaaacctctgacacatggctct
    tctaaatccggagtttaaacgcttccttcatgtgagcaaaaggccagcaaaaggccaggaaccgtaaaaaggccgcgtt
    gctggcgtttttccataggctccgcccccctgacgagcatcacaaaaatcgacgctcaagtcagaggtggcgaaacccg
    acaggactataaagataccaggcgtttccccctggaagctccctcgtgcgctctcctgttccgaccctgccgcttaccgga
    tacctgtccgcctttctcccttcgggaagcgtggcgctttctcatagctcacgctgtaggtatctcagttcggtgtaggtcgtt
    cgctccaagctgggctgtgtgcacgaaccccccgttcagcccgaccgctgcgccttatccggtaactatcgtcttgagtc
    caacccggtaagacacgacttatcgccactggcagcagccactggtaacaggattagcagagcgaggtatgtaggcgg
    tgctacagagttcttgaagtggtggcctaactacggctacactagaaggacagtatttggtatctgcgctctgctgaagcca
    gttaccttcggaaaaagagttggtagctcttgatccggcaaacaaaccaccgctggtagcggtggtttttttgtttgcaagc
    agcagattacgcgcagaaaaaaaggatctcaagaagatcctttgatcttttctacggggtctgacgctcagtggaacgaa
    aactcacgttaagggattttggtcatgcctaggtggcaaacagctattatgggtattatgggtctaccggtgcatgagattat
    caaaaaggatcttcacctagatccttttaaattaaaaatgaagttttaaatcaatctaaagtatatatgagtaaacttggtctga
    cagttaccaatgcttaatcagtgaggcacctatctcagcgatctgtctatttcgttcatccatagttgcctgactccccgtcgt
    gtagataactacgatacgggagggcttaccatctggccccagtgctgcaatgataccgcgagacccacgctcaccggct
    ccagatttatcagcaataaaccagccagccggaagggccgagcgcagaagtggtcctgcaactttatccgcctccatcc
    agtctattaattgttgccgggaagctagagtaagtagttcgccagttaatagtttgcgcaacgttgttgccattgctacaggc
    atcgtggtgtcacgctcgtcgtttggtatggcttcattcagctccggttcccaacgatcaaggcgagttacatgatcccccat
    gttgtgcaaaaaagcggttagctccttcggtcctccgatcgttgtcagaagtaagttggccgcagtgttatcactcatggtta
    tggcagcactgcataattctcttactgtcatgccatccgtaagatgcttttctgtgactggtgagtactcaaccaagtcattctg
    agaatagtgtatgcggcgaccgagttgctcttgcccggcgtcaatacgggataataccgcgccacatagcagaactttaa
    aagtgctcatcattggaaaacgttcttcggggcgaaaactctcaaggatcttaccgctgttgagatccagttcgatgtaacc
    cactcgtgcacccaactgatcttcagcatcttttactttcaccagcgtttctgggtgagcaaaaacaggaaggcaaaatgcc
    gcaaaaaagggaataagggcgacacggaaatgttgaatactcatactcttcctttttcaatattattgaagcatttatcaggg
    ttattgtctcgggagcggatacatatttgaatgtatttagaaaaa
    SEQ ID 45 taaacaaataggggttccgcgcacatttccccgaaaagtgccacctgacgtcgctgagcaggccctggcctccctggcc
    gagggcggtttgcgtattagaggcctaaatggccgaattcagcggataacaatttcacacaggaaacagctatgaccatg
    attatctagtaactataacggtcctaaggtagcgagcgatcgcttaattaacctgcagggataaccactgacccatgacgg
    gaactcccagggctcagctcttgactccaggttcgcagctgccctcaaagcaatgcaaccctggctggccccgcctcat
    gcatccggcctcctccccaaagagctctgagcccacctgggcctaggtcctcctccctgggactcatggcctaagggta
    cagagttactggggctgatgaagggaccaatggggacaggggcctcaaatcaaagtggctgtctctctcatgtcccttcc
    tctcctcagggtccaaaatcagggtcagggccccagggcaggggctgagagggcctctttctgaaggccctgtctcagt
    gcaggttatgggggtctgggggagggtcaatgcagggctcacccttcagtgccccaaagcctagagagtgagtgcctg
    ccagtggcttcccaggcccaatcccttgactgcctgggaatgctcaaatgcaggaactgtcacaacaccttcagtcaggg
    gctgctctgggaggaaaaacactcagaattgggggttcagggaaggcccagtgccaagcatagcaggagctcaggtg
    gctgcagatggtgtgaaccccaggagcaggatggccggcactccccccagaccctccagagccccaggttggctgcc
    ctcttcactgccgacacccctgggtccacttctgccctttcccacctaaaacctttagggctcccactttctcccaaatgtga
    gacatcaccacggctcccagggagtgtccagaagggcatctggctgagaggtcctgacatctgggagcctcaggcccc
    acaatggacagacgccctgccaggatgctgctgcagggctgttagctaggcggggtggagatggggtactttgcctctc
    agaggccccggccccaccatgaaacctcagtgacaccccatttccctgagttcacatacctgtatcctactccagtcacct
    tccccacgaacccctgggagcccaggatgatgctggggctggagccacgaccagcccacgagtgatccagctctgcc
    aatcagcagtcatttcccaagtgttccagccctgccaggtcccactacagcagtaatggaggccccagacaccagtcca
    gcagttagagggctggactagcaccagctttcaagcctcagcatctcaaggtgaatggccagtgcccctccccgtggcc
    atcacaggatcgcagatatgaccctaggggaagaaatatcctgggagtaaggaagtgcccatactcaaggatggcccct
    ctgtgacctaacctgtccctgaggattgtacttccaggcgttaaaacagtagaacgcctgcctgtgaacccccgccaagg
    gactgcttggggaggccccctaaaccagaacacaggcactccagcaggacctctgaactctgaccaccctcagcaagt
    gggcaccccccgcagcttccaaggcaccccagggctcaccacagcggcccctcctggcagcccctcacccaggccc
    agaccctctaagatggcacatctaagccaatccacctccttgtcattcctcctgtccccacccaggacccttctcagatgaa
    accttcgctccagccgctgggccctctctcctgcccctctggcagttctccagggactccgcctcccactctctgtctctcc
    ctgcactcctaggaacaagcgacctccaggaagcccagtccaattatcccctctgtgtcctccccaatctctgcctctggg
    tggatttgagcaccacatcctgttctcttcgacctgaaactccttggccccggtgtccgctctcctgggccctcttttctctcct
    cccctcttccgtgccccgtttgtttggtgttacaggcaggccccggggagccgtccctccagctgctcttccttgtctgtctc
    aggagccagaaactggcagcatctaaaaagggctcctgtttcttcatctgcccagcctcctagcccaaccagggctctgg
    cctcactccagagggtgggctccagagggcaggggttgcaccctcttagtgcctcagaggctcagctgggtgcaggat
    gggggggccctcagggagcccctcagtgactgctgatcacttactgcaggactgttcccagctcttcccaatcattggaat
    gacaatacctagttctgctccatcatagtgatgcaggaaaaatgttactgaaatcctggttcttgtttagcaatcgaagaatg
    aattccgcgaacacacaggcagcaagcaagcgaagcctttattaaaggaaagcagatagctcccagggctgcaggga
    gcggggagaagagctccccactctctattgtcctatagggctttttaccccttaaagttggggggatacaaaaaaaataga
    agaaaaagggagttcccgtcagggcacagcagaaacaaatccaactaggaaccatgaggttgggggttcgattcctgg
    cctctctcagtgggttaaggatgcagcgttgccgtgagctatgatacaggtcacagatgcagctcagatctactagtcaatt
    gacaggcgccggagcaggagctaggcctttggccggccggcgcgccagatctcttaagggctatggcagggcctgcc
    gccccgacgttggctgcgagccctgggccttcacccgaacttggggggtggggtggggaaaaggaagaaacgcggg
    cgtattggccccaatggggtctcggtggggtatcgacagagtgccagccctgggaccgaaccccgcgtttatgaacaaa
    cgacccaacaccgtgcgttttattctgtctttttattgccgtcatagcgcgggttccttccggtattgtctccttccgtgtttcact
    cgagttagaagaactcgtcaagaaggcgatagaaggcgatgcgctgcgaatcgggagcggcgataccgtaaagcacg
    aggaagcggtcagcccattcgccgccaagctcttcagcaatatcacgggtagccaacgctatgtcctgatagcggtccg
    ccacacccagccggccacagtcgatgaatccagaaaagcggccattttccaccatgatattcggcaagcaggcatcgcc
    atgggtcacgacgagatcctcgccgtcgggcatgcgcgccttgagcctggcgaacagttcggctggcgcgagcccctg
    atgctcttcgtccagatcatcctgatcgacaagaccggcttccatccgagtacgtgctcgctcgatgcgatgtttcgcttggt
    ggtcgaatgggcaggtagccggatcaagcgtatgcagccgccgcattgcatcagccatgatggatactttctcggcagg
    agcaaggtgagatgacaggagatcctgccccggcacttcgcccaatagcagccagtcccttcccgcttcagtgacaacg
    tcgagcacagctgcgcaaggaacgcccgtcgtggccagccacgatagccgcgctgcctcgtcctgcagttcattcagg
    gcaccggacaggtcggtcttgacaaaaagaaccgggcgcccctgcgctgacagccggaacacggcggcatcagagc
    agccgattgtctgttgtgcccagtcatagccgaatagcctctccacccaagcggccggagaacctgcgtgcaatccatctt
    gttcaatggccgatcccattccagatctgttagcctcccccatctcccgtgcaaacgtgcgcgccaggtcgcagatcgtcg
    gtatggagcctggggtggtgacgtgggtctggatcatcccggaggtaagttgcagcagggcgtcccggcagccggcg
    ggcgattggtcgtaatccaggataaagacgtgcatgggacggaggcgtttggtcaagacgtccaaggcccaggcaaac
    acgttgtacaggtcgccgttgggggccagcaactcgggggcccgaaacagggtaaataacgtgtccccgatatggggt
    cgtgggcccgcgttgctctggggctcggcaccctggggcggcacggccgtccccgaaagctgtccccaatcctcccg
    ccacgacccgccgccctgcagataccgcaccgtattggcaagcagcccgtaaacgcggcgaatcgcggccagcatag
    ccaggtcaagccgctcgccggggcgctggcgtttggccaggcggtcgatgtgtctgtcctccggaagggcccccaaca
    cgatgtttgtgccgggcaaggtcggcgggatgagggccacgaacgccagcacggcctggggggtcatgctgcccata
    aggtatcgcgcggccgggtagcacaggagggcggcgatgggatggcggtcgaagatgagggtgagggccggggg
    cggggcatgtgagctcccagcctcccccccgatatgaggagccagaacggcgtcggtcacggcataaggcatgccca
    ttgttatctgggcgcttgtcattaccaccgccgcgtccccggccgatatctcaccctggtcaaggcggtgttgtgtggtgta
    gatgttcgcgattgtctcggaagcccccagcacccgccagtaagtcatcggctcgggtacgtagacgatatcgtcgcgc
    gaacccagggccaccagcagttgcgtggtggtggttttccccatcccgtggggaccgtctatataaacccgcagtagcgt
    gggcattttctgctccgggcggacttccgtggcttcttgctgccggcgagggcgcaacgccgtacgtcggttgctatggc
    cgcgagaacgcgcagcctggtcgaacgcagacgcgtgctgatggccggggtacgaagccatggtggctctagaggtc
    gaaaggcccggagatgaggaagaggagaacagcgcggcagacgtgcgcttttgaagcgtgcagaatgccgggcttc
    cggaggaccttcgggcgcccgccccgcccctgagcccgcccctgagcccgcccccggacccaccccttcccagcct
    ctgagcccagaaagcgaaggagccaaagctgctattggccgctgccccaaaggcctacccgcttccattgctcagcgg
    tgctgtccatctgcacgagactagtgagacgtgctacttccatttgtcacgtcctgcacgacgcgagctgcggggcgggg
    gggaacttcctgactaggggaggagtagaaggtggcgcgaaggggccaccaaagaacggagccggttggcgcctac
    cggtggatgtggaatgtgtgcgaggccagaggccacttgtgtagcgccaagtgcccagcggggctgctaaagcgcatg
    ctccagactgccttgggaaaagcgcctcccctacccggtagggatccgcgttacataacttacggtaaatggcccgcctg
    gctgaccgcccaacgacccccgcccattgacgtcaataatgacgtatgttcccatagtaacgccaatagggactttccatt
    gacgtcaatgggtggagtatttacggtaaactgcccacttggcagtacatcaagtgtatcatatgccaagtacgccccctat
    tgacgtcaatgacggtaaatggcccgcctggcattatgcccagtacatgaccttatgggactttcctacttggcagtacatc
    tacgtattagtcatcgctattaccatggtgatgcggttttggcagtacatcaatgggcgtggatagcggtttgactcacggg
    gatttccaagtctccaccccattgacgtcaatgggagtttgttttggcaccaaaatcaacggttaacaagcttataacttcgta
    tagcatacattatacgaagttattacgtagcggccgcgtcgacgatatcgctgccggagcccccggggccgctgccgga
    agatctggcattgctgtgactgtggtgtaggccggcagctggagctctgattagacccctcacctgggaatctccatatgc
    tgcacgtgcggccctaaaaagacaaaagacaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaatcaaaaaaaaacatagggggtta
    ccaacgtggggtccagaaagatgtggttttctcccattggccttgcccagttacctatatcagtccttgtccaacaggggttt
    taggggggaaatgccccataaattttacggtttctttgcccttctcttcctttagactgagtcaccattgctctcattccttttcta
    tcagttgaggagtgggttagagattaaggtccatgtggtggaggtacacttcttatagtaaacaaggcctatggggaattac
    tctctggagcccttaaaccacaaatgataatccatgccacatcaaagatgcatcgaagcccatgctcctacactgactacct
    gagttagcattctgcctcaacaggactgaccatccccagctctggggcagatatcctctctctgccacaagggcagtgac
    ccccatgctgtctgagggtcacgctttaccccccccccacccctgccgtgaccccccagaccaccccaggaggtgggc
    actaatatccctcattaccccatagatgaggaaacagaggttcccccggggtcccacaggtgctcagggtcacatgcacc
    gtgggcacccaggccccatcccaaggccaccctccctcctcaggaagctgtgctgcgctgggccagaaggtactgcac
    acgactcctcagcctccggtggtgggaggcagcctcaagcctctgagtgggggggcacccgggctcctcaatctatact
    gactcctgggggtgggagaaggggagggggagctgtggcctctgagtccactaagcaaatcagggtgggcaatgcg
    ggcccatttcaaggaggagagaaccgaggctctgacagcaggccgggggtccagggacctgcccagggtcataggc
    tgaactgctggctgacctgccttgggttctttccttggctcctcagccctgtgtgatgtgacaggtcattcattcactcactcg
    ctcattcattcagcaaaccctcagtgagccctgctgggagcaggtgctaggggcaaggagacaggacctcttgccctgg
    aacagctgaagcactgggggacaggcagtggcagggaggtgcgtgatcaccgctgaccccattccatcctccagccc
    ccaggtcagtttccacccaccattgaccccaccatgtcctccatccccaaggtcagtttcccgcccaaggagcatctcctt
    acacactagggacaaaatttcacggctgtcactgggcatctctccacgctcatcacagccctctagcagccttgaagtcct
    gtagagcccttcccatttcacagaagggacaagactatgagggccacaccgtgagccatgagccttaggctgtgagccg
    ggacagcccctgcaggactggtggcctcagggcactgggtggggagggtgcacagtgggtgggccccttgtggaata
    gagaggagtgtcaggtcaggggagggggcttggcctggccctggcctgcctggtgtgcaaccctaggcagcccctcct
    tcccaggcctcctacttcctggaggccaagcctcagggaggtaattgagtcaggtgggggagggggggttgtggctttc
    ttcacagcagaaaaacagagcccacaatagtgtccactgagacagaggggtcctgggggaggggaggggtgggagg
    tgactgctgagccctgtgggagggagggagcaactactgagctgagctgggtgactctcccatctgccccgccccctgt
    ggggccagcagagtcaccgagagaacatgacccagccaggcctggacagggggacacccatgtcctttaccccaca
    gggttcactgagcctatctgccccaagcctgtgtctccctgggacggagaccctcactcccaaccacaaaggtctaaact
    caagttcccaacagccttgaaaatacagcttccgggggcctccaaggagcagtcagccgtccactgccaggctcgctg
    gctcagtgacacaggacacatcctgatgacggtccacctgtctccaagcaggttctcctctgccgatggggcaacgagct
    cctcctgtggctccctggctggatgcgtgggaggcggggtgggggggcaggcggtgttcctggccgcacacaaggag
    cacccccaccagcatccgaagacgggggcccggtctttccccaaaacactgcttgcgggagactttgtgacgtttccag
    gggccatgctcccttcgggcagcttgggggacttctgctcctatgtggtcacctgcagggactccccccaggccttgggg
    acaaacaaagtgatgagagggagggttagtgggtcggggcagggccagtctttggaccggtttatctgaaaagccagtt
    ggtcaccgggaaccacagcaaacctaaacccatttggccaggcatctcccagggacagtctcccccaggatgcgggg
    cccaggggggctccaggggtgacctgcgtcctggatttccctgatgctcccagttcgtgcctctgtccaagcatgattttta
    atagtgccccttccactcccagaaatgtccaagtgtgggcaataaattctggtcacctgagctcagtgtaactgtttgctgaa
    tgacacttactgtaacaggttaaaatgggaggcccaaggccacgcagagccatcgaaggctctgtgtgtcccagccctg
    atagaagcatcaggatggggactgtggcctcaccaggggccacatccaggcggtcaccatggggttcctggtctccgt
    gggccttgactggagcccctggtgtgagctcaccccatcccagcctgtgagaggcctggatgtgggcctgacatcatttc
    ccacccagtgacagcactgcatgtgatggggcctctgggcagcctttttcccgggggaaactggcaggaatcaggacc
    accaggacaggggtcaggggagaggcgatgctgggcaccagagcctggaccaccctcgggttctcagcgatgggca
    acccctgccacccagggccccgccttcctggggagacatcggggtttccaggccatcctgggaggagggtgggagcc
    tcagctagaccccagctggcttgcccccccatgccccggccaagagagggtcttggagggaagggggaccccagac
    cagcctggcgagcccatcctcagggtctctggtcagacaggggctcagctgagctccagggtagaccaaggccctgc
    gtggatgaggccagtgtggtcactgcccagagcaaagccacctctcagcagccctttcctgagcaccttctgtgtgcggg
    gacatcagcagtggcaacacagccatgctggggactcagggctagagacaggggaccagcctatggagagtgggta
    gtgtcctgcagggcaggcttgtgccctggagaaaacaaaccagggtgaggccagggacgctggccgggttcacagg
    gtgatggctgagcacagagtgccaggggctggactgtcctgactctgggttggtggctgagggcctgtgtccctctatgc
    ctctgggttggtgataatggaaacttgctccctggagagacaggacgaatggttgatgggaaatgaatgtttgcttgtcact
    tggttgactgttgttgccgttagcattgggcttcttgggccaggcagcctcaggccagcactgctgggctccccacaggc
    ccgacaccctcagccctgtgcagctggcctggcgaaaccaagaggccctgatgcccaaaatagccgggaaaccccaa
    ccagcccagccctggcagcaggtgcctcccatttgcctgggctgggggaggggtggctctggttctggaagtttctgcc
    agtccagctggagaagggacctgtatcccagcacccaggccgcccaagcccctgcaccagggcctgggccaggcag
    agttgacatcaatcaattgggagctgctggaatgcatggaggcggcgctctcgaggctggaggaggccagctgatttaa
    atcggtccgcgtacgatgcatattaccctgttatccctaccgcggttactggccgtcgttttacaacgtcgtgactgggaaa
    accctggcgatgctcttctcccggtgaaaacctctgacacatggctcttctaaatccggagtttaaacgcttccttcatgtga
    gcaaaaggccagcaaaaggccaggaaccgtaaaaaggccgcgttgctggcgtttttccataggctccgcccccctgac
    gagcatcacaaaaatcgacgctcaagtcagaggtggcgaaacccgacaggactataaagataccaggcgtttccccct
    ggaagctccctcgtgcgctctcctgttccgaccctgccgcttaccggatacctgtccgcctttctcccttcgggaagcgtg
    gcgctttctcatagctcacgctgtaggtatctcagttcggtgtaggtcgttcgctccaagctgggctgtgtgcacgaacccc
    ccgttcagcccgaccgctgcgccttatccggtaactatcgtcttgagtccaacccggtaagacacgacttatcgccactgg
    cagcagccactggtaacaggattagcagagcgaggtatgtaggcggtgctacagagttcttgaagtggtggcctaacta
    cggctacactagaaggacagtatttggtatctgcgctctgctgaagccagttaccttcggaaaaagagttggtagctcttga
    tccggcaaacaaaccaccgctggtagcggtggtttttttgtttgcaagcagcagattacgcgcagaaaaaaaggatctca
    agaagatcctttgatcttttctacggggtctgacgctcagtggaacgaaaactcacgttaagggattttggtcatgcctaggt
    ggcaaacagctattatgggtattatgggtctaccggtgcatgagattatcaaaaaggatcttcacctagatccttttaaattaa
    aaatgaagttttaaatcaatctaaagtatatatgagtaaacttggtctgacagttaccaatgcttaatcagtgaggcacctatct
    cagcgatctgtctatttcgttcatccatagttgcctgactccccgtcgtgtagataactacgatacgggagggcttaccatct
    ggccccagtgctgcaatgataccgcgagacccacgctcaccggctccagatttatcagcaataaaccagccagccgga
    agggccgagcgcagaagtggtcctgcaactttatccgcctccatccagtctattaattgttgccgggaagctagagtaagt
    agttcgccagttaatagtttgcgcaacgttgttgccattgctacaggcatcgtggtgtcacgctcgtcgtttggtatggcttca
    ttcagctccggttcccaacgatcaaggcgagttacatgatcccccatgttgtgcaaaaaagcggttagctccttcggtcctc
    cgatcgttgtcagaagtaagttggccgcagtgttatcactcatggttatggcagcactgcataattctcttactgtcatgccat
    ccgtaagatgcttttctgtgactggtgagtactcaaccaagtcattctgagaatagtgtatgcggcgaccgagttgctcttgc
    ccggcgtcaatacgggataataccgcgccacatagcagaactttaaaagtgctcatcattggaaaacgttcttcggggcg
    aaaactctcaaggatcttaccgctgttgagatccagttcgatgtaacccactcgtgcacccaactgatcttcagcatcttttac
    tttcaccagcgtttctgggtgagcaaaaacaggaaggcaaaatgccgcaaaaaagggaataagggcgacacggaaat
    gttgaatactcatactcttcctttttcaatattattgaagcatttatcagggttattgtctcgggagcggatacatatttgaatgtat
    ttagaaaaa
    SEQ ID 46 taaacaaataggggttccgcgcacatttccccgaaaagtgccacctgacgtcgctgagcaggccctggcctccctggcc
    gagggcggtttgcgtattagaggcctaaatggccgaattcagcggataacaatttcacacaggaaacagctatgaccatg
    attatctagtaactataacggtcctaaggtagcgagcgatcgcttaattaacctgcagggatatcccatgggggccgccag
    tgtgatggatatctgcagaattcgcccttgatattaagagaagggcaagtcagcttaagtttgggggtagaggggaacag
    ggagtgaggagatctggcctgagagataggagccctggtggccacaggaggactctttgggtcctgtcggatggacac
    agggcggcccgggggcatgttggagcccggctggttcttaccagaggcagggggcaccctctgacacgggagcagg
    gcatgttccatacatgacacacccctctgctccagggcaggtgggtggcggcacagaggagccagggactctgagcaa
    ggggtccaccagtggggcagttggatccagacttctctgggccagcgagagtctagccctcagccgttctctgtccagg
    aggggggtggggcaggcctgggcggccagagctcatccctcaagggttcccagggtcctgccagacccagatttccg
    accgcagccaccacaagaggatgtggctgctgtggcagctgccaagaccttgcagcaggtgcagggtgggggggtg
    ggggcacctgggggcagctggggtcactgagttcagggaaaaccccttttttcccctaaacctggggccatccctaggg
    gaaaccacaacttctgagccctgggcagtggctgctgggagggaagagcttcatcctggaccctgggggggaaccca
    gctccaaaggtgcaaggggcccaggtccaaggctagagtgggccaagcaccgcaatggccagggagtgggggagg
    tggagctggactggatcagggcctccttgggactccctacaccctgtgtgacatgttagggtacccacaccccatcacca
    gtcagggcctggcccatctccagggccagggatgtgcatgtaagtgtgtgtgagtgtgtgtgtgtggtgtagtacacccct
    tggcatccggttccgaggccttgggttcctccaaagttgctctctgaattaggtcaaactgtgaggtcctgatcgccatcatc
    aacttcgttctccccacctcccatcattatcaagagctggggagggtctgggatttcttcccacccacaagccaaaagata
    agcctgctggtgatggcagaagacacaggatcctgggtcagagacaaaggccagtgtgtcacagcgagagaggcag
    ccggactatcagctgtcacagagaggccttagtccgctgaactcaggccccagtgactcctgttccactgggcactggcc
    cccctccacagcgcccccaggccccagggagaggcgtcacagcttagagatggccctgctgaacagggaacaagaa
    caggtgtgccccatccagcgccccaggggtgggacaggtgggctggatttggtgtgaagcccttgagccctggaaccc
    aaccacagcagggcagttggtagatgccatttggggagaggccccaggagtaagggccatgggcccttgagggggc
    caggagctgaggacagggacagagacggcccaggcagaggacagggccatgaggggtgcactgagatggccact
    gccagcaggggcagctgccaacccgtccagggaacttattcagcagtcagctggaggtgccattgaccctgagggca
    gatgaagcccaggccaggctaggtgggctgtgaagaccccaggggacagagctctgtccctgggcagcactggcctc
    tcattctgcagggcttgacgggatcccaaggcctgctgcccctgatggtagtggcagtaccgcccagagcaggacccc
    agcatggaaaccccaacgggacgcagcctgcggagcccacaaaaccagtaaggagccgaagcagtcatggcacgg
    ggagtgtggacttccctttgatggggcccaggcatgaaggacagaatgggacagcggccatgagcagaaaatcagcc
    ggaggggatgggcctaggcagacgctggctttatttgaagtgttggcattttgtctggtgtgtattgttggtattgattttatttt
    agtatgtcagtgacatactgacatattatgtaacgacatattattatgtgttttaagaagcactccaagggaacaggctgtctg
    taatgtgtccagagaagagagcaagagcttggctcagtctcccccaaggaggtcagttcctcaacaggggtcctaaatgt
    ttcctggagccaggcctgaatcaagggggtcatatctacacgtggggcagacccatggaccattttcggagcaataagat
    ggcagggaggataccaagctggtcttacagatccagggctttgacctgtgacgcgggcgctcctccaggcaaagggag
    aagccagcaggaagctttcagaactggggagaacagggtgcagacctccagggtcttgtacaacgcaccctttatcctg
    gggtccaggaggggtcactgagggatttaagtgggggaccatcagaaccaggtttgtgttttggaaaaatggctccaaa
    gcagagaccagtgtgaggccagattagatgatgaagaagaggcagtggaaagtcgatgggtggccaggtagcaaga
    gggcctatggagttggcaagtgaatttaaagtggtggcaccagagggcagatggggaggagcaggcactgtcatgga
    ctgtctatagaaatctaaaatgtataccctttttagcaatatgcagtgagtcataaaagaacacatatatatttcctttggccgg
    ccggcgcgccacgcgtataacttcgtatagcatacattatacgaagttatcttaagggctatggcagggcctgccgcccc
    gacgttggctgcgagccctgggccttcacccgaacttggggggtggggtggggaaaaggaagaaacgcgggcgtatt
    ggccccaatggggtctcggtggggtatcgacagagtgccagccctgggaccgaaccccgcgtttatgaacaaacgacc
    caacaccgtgcgttttattctgtctttttattgccgtcatagcgcgggttccttccggtattgtctccttccgtgtttcactcgagt
    tagaagaactcgtcaagaaggcgatagaaggcgatgcgctgcgaatcgggagcggcgataccgtaaagcacgagga
    agcggtcagcccattcgccgccaagctcttcagcaatatcacgggtagccaacgctatgtcctgatagcggtccgccac
    acccagccggccacagtcgatgaatccagaaaagcggccattttccaccatgatattcggcaagcaggcatcgccatgg
    gtcacgacgagatcctcgccgtcgggcatgcgcgccttgagcctggcgaacagttcggctggcgcgagcccctgatgc
    tcttcgtccagatcatcctgatcgacaagaccggcttccatccgagtacgtgctcgctcgatgcgatgtttcgcttggtggtc
    gaatgggcaggtagccggatcaagcgtatgcagccgccgcattgcatcagccatgatggatactttctcggcaggagca
    aggtgagatgacaggagatcctgccccggcacttcgcccaatagcagccagtcccttcccgcttcagtgacaacgtcga
    gcacagctgcgcaaggaacgcccgtcgtggccagccacgatagccgcgctgcctcgtcctgcagttcattcagggcac
    cggacaggtcggtcttgacaaaaagaaccgggcgcccctgcgctgacagccggaacacggcggcatcagagcagcc
    gattgtctgttgtgcccagtcatagccgaatagcctctccacccaagcggccggagaacctgcgtgcaatccatcttgttc
    aatggccgatcccattccagatctgttagcctcccccatctcccgtgcaaacgtgcgcgccaggtcgcagatcgtcggtat
    ggagcctggggtggtgacgtgggtctggatcatcccggaggtaagttgcagcagggcgtcccggcagccggcgggc
    gattggtcgtaatccaggataaagacgtgcatgggacggaggcgtttggtcaagacgtccaaggcccaggcaaacacg
    ttgtacaggtcgccgttgggggccagcaactcgggggcccgaaacagggtaaataacgtgtccccgatatggggtcgt
    gggcccgcgttgctctggggctcggcaccctggggcggcacggccgtccccgaaagctgtccccaatcctcccgcca
    cgacccgccgccctgcagataccgcaccgtattggcaagcagcccgtaaacgcggcgaatcgcggccagcatagcca
    ggtcaagccgctcgccggggcgctggcgtttggccaggcggtcgatgtgtctgtcctccggaagggcccccaacacg
    atgtttgtgccgggcaaggtcggcgggatgagggccacgaacgccagcacggcctggggggtcatgctgcccataag
    gtatcgcgcggccgggtagcacaggagggcggcgatgggatggcggtcgaagatgagggtgagggccgggggcg
    gggcatgtgagctcccagcctcccccccgatatgaggagccagaacggcgtcggtcacggcataaggcatgcccattg
    ttatctgggcgcttgtcattaccaccgccgcgtccccggccgatatctcaccctggtcaaggcggtgttgtgtggtgtagat
    gttcgcgattgtctcggaagcccccagcacccgccagtaagtcatcggctcgggtacgtagacgatatcgtcgcgcgaa
    cccagggccaccagcagttgcgtggtggtggttttccccatcccgtggggaccgtctatataaacccgcagtagcgtgg
    gcattttctgctccgggcggacttccgtggcttcttgctgccggcgagggcgcaacgccgtacgtcggttgctatggccg
    cgagaacgcgcagcctggtcgaacgcagacgcgtgctgatggccggggtacgaagccatggtggctctagaggtcga
    aaggcccggagatgaggaagaggagaacagcgcggcagacgtgcgcttttgaagcgtgcagaatgccgggcttccg
    gaggaccttcgggcgcccgccccgcccctgagcccgcccctgagcccgcccccggacccaccccttcccagcctctg
    agcccagaaagcgaaggagccaaagctgctattggccgctgccccaaaggcctacccgcttccattgctcagcggtgc
    tgtccatctgcacgagactagtgagacgtgctacttccatttgtcacgtcctgcacgacgcgagctgcggggcgggggg
    gaacttcctgactaggggaggagtagaaggtggcgcgaaggggccaccaaagaacggagccggttggcgcctaccg
    gtggatgtggaatgtgtgcgaggccagaggccacttgtgtagcgccaagtgcccagcggggctgctaaagcgcatgct
    ccagactgccttgggaaaagcgcctcccctacccggtagggatccgcgttacataacttacggtaaatggcccgcctgg
    ctgaccgcccaacgacccccgcccattgacgtcaataatgacgtatgttcccatagtaacgccaatagggactttccattg
    acgtcaatgggtggagtatttacggtaaactgcccacttggcagtacatcaagtgtatcatatgccaagtacgccccctatt
    gacgtcaatgacggtaaatggcccgcctggcattatgcccagtacatgaccttatgggactttcctacttggcagtacatct
    acgtattagtcatcgctattaccatggtgatgcggttttggcagtacatcaatgggcgtggatagcggtttgactcacgggg
    atttccaagtctccaccccattgacgtcaatgggagtttgttttggcaccaaaatcaacggttaacaagcttagatctgcggc
    cgcgtcgacgataaattgtgtaattccacttctaaggattcatcccaaggggggaaaataatcaaagatgtaaccaaaggt
    ttacaaacaagaactcatcattaatcttccttgttgttatttcaacgatattattattattactattattattattattattttgtctttttg
    cattttctagggccactcccacggcatagagaggttcccaggctaggggtcaaatcggagctacagctgccggcctacg
    ccagagccacagcaacgcaggatctgagccacagcaatgcaggatctacaccacagctcatggtaacgctggatcctt
    aacccaatgagtgaggccagggatcgaacctgtaacttcatggttcctagtcggattcattaaccactgagccacgacag
    gaactccaacattattaatgatgggagaaaactggaagtaacctaaatatccagcagaaagggtgtggccaaatacagca
    tggagtagccatcataaggaatcttacacaagcctccaaaattgtgtttctgaaattgggtttaaagtacgtttgcattttaaaa
    agcctgccagaaaatacagaaaaatgtctgtgatatgtctctggctgataggattttgcttagttttaattttggctttataattn
    ctatagttatgaaaatgttcacaagaagatatatttcattttagcttctaaaataattataacacagaagtaatttgtgctttaaaa
    aatattcaacacagaagtatataaaaaaattgaggagttcccatcgtggctcagtgattaacaaacccaactagtatc
    catgaggatatggatttgatccctggccttgctcagtgggttgaggatccagtgttgctgtgagctgtggtgtaggttgcag
    acacagcactctggcgttgctgtgactctggcgtaggccggcagctacagctccatttggacccttagcctgggaacctc
    catatgcctgagatacggccctaaaaagtcaaaagccaaaaaaatagtaaaaattgagtgtttctacttaccacccctgcc
    cacatcttatgctaaaacccgttctccagagacaaacatcgtcaggtgggtctatatatttccagccctcctcctgtgtgtgta
    tgtccgtaaaacacacacacacacacacacacgcacacacacacacacgtatctaattagcattggtattagtttttcaaaa
    gggaggtcatgctctaccttttaggcggcaaatagattatttaaacaaatctgttgacattttctatatcaacccataagatctc
    ccatgttcttggaaaggctttgtaagacatcaacatctgggtaaaccagcatggtttttagggggttgtgtggatttttttcata
    ttttttagggcacacctgcagcatatggaggttcccaggctaggggttgaatcagagctgtagctgccggcctacaccac
    agccacagcaacgccagatccttaacccactgagaaaggccagggattgaacctgcatcctcatggatgctggtcagat
    ttatttctgctgagccacaacaggaactccctgaaccagaatgcttttaaccattccactttgcatggacatttagattgtttcc
    atttaaaaatacaaattacaaggagttcccgtcgtggctcagtggtaacgaattggactaggaaccatgaggtttcgggttc
    gatccctggccttgctcggtgggttaaggatccagcattgatgtgagatatggtgtaggtcgcagacgtggctcggatccc
    acgttgctgtggctctggcgtaggccggcaacaacagctccgattcgacccctagcctgggaacctccatgtgccacag
    gagcagccctagaaaaggcaaaaagacaaaaaaataaaaaattaaaatgaaaaaataaaataaaaatacaaauacaag
    agacggctacaaggaaatccccaagtgtgtgcaaatgccatatatgtataaaatgtactagtgtctcctcgcgggaaagtt
    gcctaaaagtgggttggctggacagagaggacaggctttgacattctcataggtagtagcaatgggcttctcaaaatgctg
    ttccagtttacactcaccatagcaaatgacagtgcctcttcctctccacccttgccaataatgtgacaggtggatctttttctatt
    ttgtgtatctgacaagcaaaaaatgagaacaggagttcctgtcgtggtgcagtggagacaaatctgactaggaaccatga
    aatttcgggttcaatccctggcctcactcagtaggtaaaggatccagggttgcagtgagctgtggggtaggtcgcagaca
    cagtgcaaatttggccctgttgtggctgtggtgtaggccggcagctatagctccaattggacccctagcctgggaacctcc
    ttatgccgtgggtgaggccctaaaaaaaagagtgcaaaaaaaaaaaataagaacaaaaatgatcatcgtttaattctttattt
    gatcattggtgaaacttattttccttttatatttttattgactgattttatttctcctatgaatttaccggtcatagttttgcctgggtgtt
    tttactccggttttagttttggttggttgtattttcttagagagctatagaaactcttcatctatttggaatagtaattcctcattaagt
    atttgtgctgcaaaaaattttccctgatctgttttatgcttttgtttgtggggtctttcacgagaaagcctttttagtttttacacctc
    agcttggttgtttttcttgattgtgtctgtaatctgcggccaacataggaaacacatttttactttagtgtttttttcctattttcttca
    agtacgtccattgttttggtgtctgattttactttgcctggggtttgtttttgtgtggcaggaatataaacttatgtattttccaaatg
    gagagccaatggttgtatatttgttgaattcaaatgcaactttatcaaacaccaaatcatcgatttatcacaactcttctctggtt
    tattgatctaatgatcaattcctgttccacgctgttttaattattttagctttgtggattttggtgcctggtagagaacaaagcctc
    cattattttcattcaaaatagtcccgtctattatctgccattgttgtagtattagactttaaaatcaatttactgattttcaaaagttat
    tcctttggtgatgtggaatactttatacttcataaggtacatggattcatttgtggggaattgatgtctttgctattgtggccattt
    gtcaagttgtgtaatattttacccatgccaactttgcatattgtatgtgagtttattcccagggtttttaataggatgtttattgaag
    ttgtcagtgtttccacaatttcatcgcctcagtgcttactgtttgcataaaaggaaacctactcacttttgcctattgctcttgtatt
    caatcattttagttaactcttgtgttaattttgagagtttttcagctgactgtctggggttttctttaatagactagccctttgtctgt
    aaagaataattttatcgaatttttcttaacactcacactctccccacccccacccccgctcatctcctttcattgggtcaaatct
    gtagaatacaataaaagtaagagtgggaaccttagcctttaagtcgattttgcctttaaatgtgaatgttgctatgtttcggga
    cattctctttatcaagttgcggatgtttccttagataattaacttaataaaagactggatgtttgctttcttcaaatcagaattgtgt
    tgaatttatattgctattctgtttaattttgtttcaaaaaatttacatgcacaccttaaagataaccatgaccaaatagtcctcctg
    ctgagagaaaatgttggccccaatgccacaggttacctcccgactcagataaactacaatgggagataaaatcagatttg
    gcaaagcctgtggattcttgccataactctcagagcatgacttgggtgttttttccttttctaagtattttaatggtatttttgtgtta
    caataggaaatctaggacacagagagtgattcaatgaggggaacgcattctgggatgactctaggcctctggtttgggga
    gagctctattgaagtaaagacaatgagaggaagcaagtttgcagggaactgtgaggaatttagatggggaatgttgggttt
    gaggtttctatagggcacgcaagcagagatgcactcaggaggaagaaggagcataaatctagtggcgctgccggcaa
    gcttgctggaggaggccaattgggagctgctggaatgcatggaggcggcgctctcgaggctggaggaggccagctga
    tttaaatcggtccgcgtacgatgcatattaccctgttatccctaccgcggttactggccgtcgttttacaacgtcgtgactgg
    gaaaaccctggcgatgctcttctcccggtgaaaacctctgacacatggctcttctaaatccggagtttaaacgcttccttcat
    gtgagcaaaaggccagcaaaaggccaggaaccgtaaaaaggccgcgttgctggcgtttttccataggctccgcccccc
    tgacgagcatcacaaaaatcgacgctcaagtcagaggtggcgaaacccgacaggactataaagataccaggcgtttcc
    ccctggaagctccctcgtgcgctctcctgttccgaccctgccgcttaccggatacctgtccgcctttctcccttcgggaagc
    gtggcgctttctcatagctcacgctgtaggtatctcagttcggtgtaggtcgttcgctccaagctgggctgtgtgcacgaac
    cccccgttcagcccgaccgctgcgccttatccggtaactatcgtcttgagtccaacccggtaagacacgacttatcgccac
    tggcagcagccactggtaacaggattagcagagcgaggtatgtaggcggtgctacagagttcttgaagtggtggcctaa
    ctacggctacactagaaggacagtatttggtatctgcgctctgctgaagccagttaccttcggaaaaagagttggtagctct
    tgatccggcaaacaaaccaccgctggtagcggtggtttttttgtttgcaagcagcagattacgcgcagaaaaaaaggatct
    caagaagatcctttgatcttttctacggggtctgacgctcagtggaacgaaaactcacgttaagggattttggtcatgcctag
    gtggcaaacagctattatgggtattatgggtctaccggtgcatgagattatcaaaaaggatcttcacctagatccttttaaatt
    aaaaatgaagttttaaatcaatctaaagtatatatgagtaaacttggtctgacagttaccaatgcttaatcagtgaggcaccta
    tctcagcgatctgtctatttcgttcatccatagttgcctgactccccgtcgtgtagataactacgatacgggagggcttaccat
    ctggccccagtgctgcaatgataccgcgagacccacgctcaccggctccagatttatcagcaataaaccagccagccg
    gaagggccgagcgcagaagtggtcctgcaactttatccgcctccatccagtctattaattgttgccgggaagctagagtaa
    gtagttcgccagttaatagtttgcgcaacgttgttgccattgctacaggcatcgtggtgtcacgctcgtcgtttggtatggctt
    cattcagctccggttcccaacgatcaaggcgagttacatgatcccccatgttgtgcaaaaaagcggttagctccttcggtc
    ctccgatcgttgtcagaagtaagttggccgcagtgttatcactcatggttatggcagcactgcataattctcttactgtcatgc
    catccgtaagatgcttttctgtgactggtgagtactcaaccaagtcattctgagaatagtgtatgcggcgaccgagttgctct
    tgcccggcgtcaatacgggataataccgcgccacatagcagaactttaaaagtgctcatcattggaaaacgttcttcggg
    gcgaaaactctcaaggatcttaccgctgttgagatccagttcgatgtaacccactcgtgcacccaactgatcttcagcatctt
    ttactttcaccagcgtttctgggtgagcaaaaacaggaaggcaaaatgccgcaaaaaagggaataagggcgacacgga
    aatgttgaatactcatactcttcctttttcaatattattgaagcatttatcagggttattgtctcgggagcggatacatatttgaat
    gtatttagaaaaa
    SEQ ID 47 taaacaaataggggttccgcgcacatttccccgaaaagtgccacctgacgtcgctgagcaggccctggcctccctggcc
    gagggcggtttgcgtattagaggcctaaatggccgaattcagcggataacaatttcacacaggaaacagctatgaccatg
    attatctagtaactataacggtcctaaggtagcgagcgatcgcttaattaacctgcagggataaccactgacccatgacgg
    gaactcccagggctcagctcttgactccaggttcgcagctgccctcaaagcaatgcaaccctggctggccccgcctcat
    gcatccggcctcctccccaaagagctctgagcccacctgggcctaggtcctcctccctgggactcatggcctaagggta
    cagagttactggggctgatgaagggaccaatggggacaggggcctcaaatcaaagtggctgtctctctcatgtcccttcc
    tctcctcagggtccaaaatcagggtcagggccccagggcaggggctgagagggcctctttctgaaggccctgtctcagt
    gcaggttatgggggtctgggggagggtcaatgcagggctcacccttcagtgccccaaagcctagagagtgagtgcctg
    ccagtggcttcccaggcccaatcccttgactgcctgggaatgctcaaatgcaggaactgtcacaacaccttcagtcaggg
    gctgctctgggaggaaaaacactcagaattgggggttcagggaaggcccagtgccaagcatagcaggagctcaggtg
    gctgcagatggtgtgaaccccaggagcaggatggccggcactccccccagaccctccagagccccaggttggctgcc
    ctcttcactgccgacacccctgggtccacttctgccctttcccacctaaaacctttagggctcccactttctcccaaatgtga
    gacatcaccacggctcccagggagtgtccagaagggcatctggctgagaggtcctgacatctgggagcctcaggcccc
    acaatggacagacgccctgccaggatgctgctgcagggctgttagctaggcggggtggagatggggtactttgcctctc
    agaggccccggccccaccatgaaacctcagtgacaccccatttccctgagttcacatacctgtatcctactccagtcacct
    tccccacgaacccctgggagcccaggatgatgctggggctggagccacgaccagcccacgagtgatccagctctgcc
    aatcagcagtcatttcccaagtgttccagccctgccaggtcccactacagcagtaatggaggccccagacaccagtcca
    gcagttagagggctggactagcaccagctttcaagcctcagcatctcaaggtgaatggccagtgcccctccccgtggcc
    atcacaggatcgcagatatgaccctaggggaagaaatatcctgggagtaaggaagtgcccatactcaaggatggcccct
    ctgtgacctaacctgtccctgaggattgtacttccaggcgttaaaacagtagaacgcctgcctgtgaacccccgccaagg
    gactgcttggggaggccccctaaaccagaacacaggcactccagcaggacctctgaactctgaccaccctcagcaagt
    gggcaccccccgcagcttccaaggcaccccagggctcaccacagcggcccctcctggcagcccctcacccaggccc
    agaccctctaagatggcacatctaagccaatccacctccttgtcattcctcctgtccccacccaggacccttctcagatgaa
    accttcgctccagccgctgggccctctctcctgcccctctggcagttctccagggactccgcctcccactctctgtctctcc
    ctgcactcctaggaacaagcgacctccaggaagcccagtccaattatcccctctgtgtcctccccaatctctgcctctggg
    tggatttgagcaccacatcctgttctcttcgacctgaaactccttggccccggtgtccgctctcctgggccctcttttctctcct
    cccctcttccgtgccccgtttgtttggtgttacaggcaggccccggggagccgtccctccagctgctcttccttgtctgtctc
    aggagccagaaactggcagcatctaaaaagggctcctgtttcttcatctgcccagcctcctagcccaaccagggctctgg
    cctcactccagagggtgggctccagagggcaggggttgcaccctcttagtgcctcagaggctcagctgggtgcaggat
    gggggggccctcagggagcccctcagtgactgctgatcacttactgcaggactgttcccagctcttcccaatcattggaat
    gacaatacctagttctgctccatcatagtgatgcaggaaaaatgttactgaaatcctggttcttgtttagcaatcgaagaatg
    aattccgcgaacacacaggcagcaagcaagcgaagcctttattaaaggaaagcagatagctcccagggctgcaggga
    gcggggagaagagctccccactctctattgtcctatagggctttttaccccttaaagttggggggatacaaaaaaaataga
    agaaaaagggagttcccgtcagggcacagcagaaacaaatccaactaggaaccatgaggttgggggttcgattcctgg
    cctctctcagtgggttaaggatgcagcgttgccgtgagctatgatacaggtcacagatgcagctcagatctactagtcaatt
    gacaggcgccggagcaggagctaggcctttggccggccggcgcgccacgcgtataacttcgtatagcatacattatac
    gaagttatcttaagggctatggcagggcctgccgccccgacgttggctgcgagccctgggccttcacccgaacttgggg
    ggtggggtggggaaaaggaagaaacgcgggcgtattggccccaatggggtctcggtggggtatcgacagagtgcca
    gccctgggaccgaaccccgcgtttatgaacaaacgacccaacaccgtgcgttttattctgtctttttattgccgtcatagcgc
    gggttccttccggtattgtctccttccgtgtttcactcgagttagaagaactcgtcaagaaggcgatagaaggcgatgcgct
    gcgaatcgggagcggcgataccgtaaagcacgaggaagcggtcagcccattcgccgccaagctcttcagcaatatcac
    gggtagccaacgctatgtcctgatagcggtccgccacacccagccggccacagtcgatgaatccagaaaagcggccat
    tttccaccatgatattcggcaagcaggcatcgccatgggtcacgacgagatcctcgccgtcgggcatgcgcgccttgag
    cctggcgaacagttcggctggcgcgagcccctgatgctcttcgtccagatcatcctgatcgacaagaccggcttccatcc
    gagtacgtgctcgctcgatgcgatgtttcgcttggtggtcgaatgggcaggtagccggatcaagcgtatgcagccgccg
    cattgcatcagccatgatggatactttctcggcaggagcaaggtgagatgacaggagatcctgccccggcacttcgccc
    aatagcagccagtcccttcccgcttcagtgacaacgtcgagcacagctgcgcaaggaacgcccgtcgtggccagccac
    gatagccgcgctgcctcgtcctgcagttcattcagggcaccggacaggtcggtcttgacaaaaagaaccgggcgcccct
    gcgctgacagccggaacacggcggcatcagagcagccgattgtctgttgtgcccagtcatagccgaatagcctctccac
    ccaagcggccggagaacctgcgtgcaatccatcttgttcaatggccgatcccattccagatctgttagcctcccccatctc
    ccgtgcaaacgtgcgcgccaggtcgcagatcgtcggtatggagcctggggtggtgacgtgggtctggatcatcccgga
    ggtaagttgcagcagggcgtcccggcagccggcgggcgattggtcgtaatccaggataaagacgtgcatgggacgga
    ggcgtttggtcaagacgtccaaggcccaggcaaacacgttgtacaggtcgccgttgggggccagcaactcgggggcc
    cgaaacagggtaaataacgtgtccccgatatggggtcgtgggcccgcgttgctctggggctcggcaccctggggcggc
    acggccgtccccgaaagctgtccccaatcctcccgccacgacccgccgccctgcagataccgcaccgtattggcaagc
    agcccgtaaacgcggcgaatcgcggccagcatagccaggtcaagccgctcgccggggcgctggcgtttggccaggc
    ggtcgatgtgtctgtcctccggaagggcccccaacacgatgtttgtgccgggcaaggtcggcgggatgagggccacga
    acgccagcacggcctggggggtcatgctgcccataaggtatcgcgcggccgggtagcacaggagggcggcgatgg
    gatggcggtcgaagatgagggtgagggccgggggcggggcatgtgagctcccagcctcccccccgatatgaggagc
    cagaacggcgtcggtcacggcataaggcatgcccattgttatctgggcgcttgtcattaccaccgccgcgtccccggcc
    gatatctcaccctggtcaaggcggtgttgtgtggtgtagatgttcgcgattgtctcggaagcccccagcacccgccagtaa
    gtcatcggctcgggtacgtagacgatatcgtcgcgcgaacccagggccaccagcagttgcgtggtggtggttttccccat
    cccgtggggaccgtctatataaacccgcagtagcgtgggcattttctgctccgggcggacttccgtggcttcttgctgccg
    gcgagggcgcaacgccgtacgtcggttgctatggccgcgagaacgcgcagcctggtcgaacgcagacgcgtgctgat
    ggccggggtacgaagccatggtggctctagaggtcgaaaggcccggagatgaggaagaggagaacagcgcggcag
    acgtgcgcttttgaagcgtgcagaatgccgggcttccggaggaccttcgggcgcccgccccgcccctgagcccgcccc
    tgagcccgcccccggacccaccccttcccagcctctgagcccagaaagcgaaggagccaaagctgctattggccgct
    gccccaaaggcctacccgcttccattgctcagcggtgctgtccatctgcacgagactagtgagacgtgctacttccatttgt
    cacgtcctgcacgacgcgagctgcggggcgggggggaacttcctgactaggggaggagtagaaggtggcgcgaag
    gggccaccaaagaacggagccggttggcgcctaccggtggatgtggaatgtgtgcgaggccagaggccacttgtgta
    gcgccaagtgcccagcggggctgctaaagcgcatgctccagactgccttgggaaaagcgcctcccctacccggtagg
    gatccgcgttacataacttacggtaaatggcccgcctggctgaccgcccaacgacccccgcccattgacgtcaataatga
    cgtatgttcccatagtaacgccaatagggactttccattgacgtcaatgggtggagtatttacggtaaactgcccacttggc
    agtacatcaagtgtatcatatgccaagtacgccccctattgacgtcaatgacggtaaatggcccgcctggcattatgccca
    gtacatgaccttatgggactttcctacttggcagtacatctacgtattagtcatcgctattaccatggtgatgcggttttggcag
    tacatcaatgggcgtggatagcggtttgactcacggggatttccaagtctccaccccattgacgtcaatgggagtttgttttg
    gcaccaaaatcaacggttaacaagcttataacttcgtatagcatacattatacgaagttattacgtagcggccgcgtcgacg
    atatcgctgccggagcccccggggccgctgccggaagatctggcattgctgtgactgtggtgtaggccggcagctgga
    gctctgattagacccctcacctgggaatctccatatgctgcacgtgcggccctaaaaagacaaaagacaaaaaaaaaaa
    aaaaaaaaaaaaatcaaaaaaaaacatagggggttaccaacgtggggtccagaaagatgtggttttctcccattggcctt
    gcccagttacctatatcagtccttgtccaacaggggttttaggggtggaaatgccccataaattttacggtttctttgcccttct
    cttcctttagactgagtcaccattgctctcattccttttctatcagttgaggagtgggttagagattaaggtccatgtggtggag
    gtacacttcttatagtaaacaaggcctatggggaattactctctggagcccttaaaccacaaatgataatccatgccacatc
    aaagatgcatcgaagcccatgctcctacactgactacctgagttagcattctgcctcaacaggactgaccatccccagctc
    tggggcagatatcctctctctgccacaagggcagtgacccccatgctgtctgagggtcacgctttaccccccccccaccc
    ctgccgtgaccccccagaccaccccaggaggtgggcactaatatccctcattaccccatagatgaggaaacagaggttc
    ccccggggtcccacaggtgctcagggtcacatgcaccgtgggcacccaggccccatcccaaggccaccctccctcctc
    aggaagctgtgctgcgctgggccagaaggtactgcacacgactcctcagcctccggtggtgggaggcagcctcaagc
    ctctgagtgggggggcacccgggctcctcaatctatactgactcctgggggtgggagaaggggagggggagctgtgg
    cctctgagtccactaagcaaatcagggtgggcaatgcgggcccatttcaaggaggagagaaccgaggctctgacagca
    ggccgggggtccagggacctgcccagggtcataggctgaactgctggctgacctgccttgggttctttccttggctcctc
    agccctgtgtgatgtgacaggtcattcattcactcactcgctcattcattcagcaaaccctcagtgagccctgctgggagca
    ggtgctaggggcaaggagacaggacctcttgccctggaacagctgaagcactgggggacaggcagtggcagggag
    gtgcgtgatcaccgctgaccccattccatcctccagcccccaggtcagtttccacccaccattgaccccaccatgtcctcc
    atccccaaggtcagtttcccgcccaaggagcatctccttacacactagggacaaaatttcacggctgtcactgggcatctc
    tccacgctcatcacagccctctagcagccttgaagtcctgtagagcccttcccatttcacagaagggacaagactatgag
    ggccacaccgtgagccatgagccttaggctgtgagccgggacagcccctgcaggactggtggcctcagggcactggg
    tggggagggtgcacagtgggtgggccccttgtggaatagagaggagtgtcaggtcaggggagggggcttggcctggc
    cctggcctgcctggtgtgcaaccctaggcagcccctccttcccaggcctcctacttcctggaggccaagcctcagggag
    gtaattgagtcaggtgggggagggggggttgtggctttcttcacagcagaaaaacagagcccacaatagtgtccactga
    gacagaggggtcctgggggaggggaggggtgggaggtgactgctgagccctgtgggagggagggagcaactactg
    agctgagctgggtgactctcccatctgccccgccccctgtggggccagcagagtcaccgagagaacatgacccagcca
    ggcctggacagggggacacccatgtcctttaccccacagggttcactgagcctatctgccccaagcctgtgtctccctgg
    gacggagaccctcactcccaaccacaaaggtctaaactcaagttcccaacagccttgaaaatacagcttccgggggcct
    ccaaggagcagtcagccgtccactgccaggctcgctggctcagtgacacaggacacatcctgatgacggtccacctgt
    ctccaagcaggttctcctctgccgatggggcaacgagctcctcctgtggctccctggctggatgcgtgggaggcggggt
    gggggggcaggcggtgttcctggccgcacacaaggagcacccccaccagcatccgaagacgggggcccggtctttc
    cccaaaacactgcttgcgggagactttgtgacgtttccaggggccatgctcccttcgggcagcttgggggacttctgctcc
    tatgtggtcacctgcagggactccccccaggccttggggacaaacaaagtgatgagagggagggttagtgggtcgggg
    cagggccagtctttggaccggtttatctgaaaagccagttggtcaccgggaaccacagcaaacctaaacccatttggcca
    ggcatctcccagggacagtctcccccaggatgcggggcccaggggggctccaggggtgacctgcgtcctggatttccc
    tgatgctcccagttcgtgcctctgtccaagcatgatttttaatagtgccccttccactcccagaaatgtccaagtgtgggcaa
    taaattctggtcacctgagctcagtgtaactgtttgctgaatgacacttactgtaacaggttaaaatgggaggcccaaggcc
    acgcagagccatcgaaggctctgtgtgtcccagccctgatagaagcatcaggatggggactgtggcctcaccaggggc
    cacatccaggcggtcaccatggggttcctggtctccgtgggccttgactggagcccctggtgtgagctcaccccatccca
    gcctgtgagaggcctggatgtgggcctgacatcatttcccacccagtgacagcactgcatgtgatggggcctctgggca
    gcctttttcccgggggaaactggcaggaatcaggaccaccaggacaggggtcaggggagaggcgatgctgggcacc
    agagcctggaccaccctcgggttctcagcgatgggcaacccctgccacccagggccccgccttcctggggagacatc
    ggggtttccaggccatcctgggaggagggtgggagcctcagctagaccccagctggcttgcccccccatgccccggc
    caagagagggtcttggagggaagggggaccccagaccagcctggcgagcccatcctcagggtctctggtcagacag
    gggctcagctgagctccagggtagaccaaggccctgcgtggatgaggccagtgtggtcactgcccagagcaaagcca
    cctctcagcagccctttcctgagcaccttctgtgtgcggggacatcagcagtggcaacacagccatgctggggactcag
    ggctagagacaggggaccagcctatggagagtgggtagtgtcctgcagggcaggcttgtgccctggagaaaacaaac
    cagggtgaggccagggacgctggccgggttcacagggtgatggctgagcacagagtgccaggggctggactgtcct
    gactctgggttggtggctgagggcctgtgtccctctatgcctctgggttggtgataatggaaacttgctccctggagagac
    aggacgaatggttgatgggaaatgaatgtttgcttgtcacttggttgactgttgttgccgttagcattgggcttcttgggccag
    gcagcctcaggccagcactgctgggctccccacaggcccgacaccctcagccctgtgcagctggcctggcgaaacca
    agaggccctgatgcccaaaatagccgggaaaccccaaccagcccagccctggcagcaggtgcctcccatttgcctgg
    gctgggggaggggtggctctggttctggaagtttctgccagtccagctggagaagggacctgtatcccagcacccagg
    ccgcccaagcccctgcaccagggcctgggccaggcagagttgacatcaatcaattgggagctgctggaatgcatggag
    gcggcgctctcgaggctggaggaggccagctgatttaaatcggtccgcgtacgatgcatattaccctgttatccctaccg
    cggttactggccgtcgttttacaacgtcgtgactgggaaaaccctggcgatgctcttctcccggtgaaaacctctgacacat
    ggctcttctaaatccggagtttaaacgcttccttcatgtgagcaaaaggccagcaaaaggccaggaaccgtaaaaaggc
    cgcgttgctggcgtttttccataggctccgcccccctgacgagcatcacaaaaatcgacgctcaagtcagaggtggcgaa
    acccgacaggactataaagataccaggcgtttccccctggaagctccctcgtgcgctctcctgttccgaccctgccgctta
    ccggatacctgtccgcctttctcccttcgggaagcgtggcgctttctcatagctcacgctgtaggtatctcagttcggtgtag
    gtcgttcgctccaagctgggctgtgtgcacgaaccccccgttcagcccgaccgctgcgccttatccggtaactatcgtctt
    gagtccaacccggtaagacacgacttatcgccactggcagcagccactggtaacaggattagcagagcgaggtatgta
    ggcggtgctacagagttcttgaagtggtggcctaactacggctacactagaaggacagtatttggtatctgcgctctgctg
    aagccagttaccttcggaaaaagagttggtagctcttgatccggcaaacaaaccaccgctggtagcggtggtttttttgttt
    gcaagcagcagattacgcgcagaaaaaaaggatctcaagaagatcctttgatcttttctacggggtctgacgctcagtgg
    aacgaaaactcacgttaagggattttggtcatgcctaggtggcaaacagctattatgggtattatgggtctaccggtgcatg
    agattatcaaaaaggatcttcacctagatccttttaaattaaaaatgaagttttaaatcaatctaaagtatatatgagtaaacttg
    gtctgacagttaccaatgcttaatcagtgaggcacctatctcagcgatctgtctatttcgttcatccatagttgcctgactccc
    cgtcgtgtagataactacgatacgggagggcttaccatctggccccagtgctgcaatgataccgcgagacccacgctca
    ccggctccagatttatcagcaataaaccagccagccggaagggccgagcgcagaagtggtcctgcaactttatccgcct
    ccatccagtctattaattgttgccgggaagctagagtaagtagttcgccagttaatagtttgcgcaacgttgttgccattgcta
    caggcatcgtggtgtcacgctcgtcgtttggtatggcttcattcagctccggttcccaacgatcaaggcgagttacatgatc
    ccccatgttgtgcaaaaaagcggttagctccttcggtcctccgatcgttgtcagaagtaagttggccgcagtgttatcactc
    atggttatggcagcactgcataattctcttactgtcatgccatccgtaagatgcttttctgtgactggtgagtactcaaccaag
    tcattctgagaatagtgtatgcggcgaccgagttgctcttgcccggcgtcaatacgggataataccgcgccacatagcag
    aactttaaaagtgctcatcattggaaaacgttcttcggggcgaaaactctcaaggatcttaccgctgttgagatccagttcga
    tgtaacccactcgtgcacccaactgatcttcagcatcttttactttcaccagcgtttctgggtgagcaaaaacaggaaggca
    aaatgccgcaaaaaagggaataagggcgacacggaaatgttgaatactcatactcttcctttttcaatattattgaagcattt
    atcagggttattgtctcgggagcggatacatatttgaatgtatttagaaaaa
  • The two-step strategy outline above, utilizing a vector pair, can be used to delete the entire J/C cluster region (i.e., all J/C units), multiple J/C units or an individual J/C unit.
  • Selectable Marker Genes
  • The DNA constructs can be designed to modify the endogenous, target immunoglobulin gene. The homologous sequence for targeting the construct can have one or more deletions, insertions, substitutions or combinations thereof. The alteration can be the insertion of a selectable marker gene fused in reading frame with the upstream sequence of the target gene.
  • Suitable selectable marker genes include, but are not limited to: genes conferring the ability to grow on certain media substrates, such as the tk gene (thymidine kinase) or the hprt gene (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) which confer the ability to grow on HAT medium (hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine); the bacterial gpt gene (guanine/xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) which allows growth on MAX medium (mycophenolic acid, adenine, and xanthine). See, for example, Song, K-Y., et al. Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:6820-6824 (1987); Sambrook, J., et al., Molecular Cloning—A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989), Chapter 16. Other examples of selectable markers include: genes conferring resistance to compounds such as antibiotics, genes conferring the ability to grow on selected substrates, genes encoding proteins that produce detectable signals such as luminescence, such as green fluorescent protein, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). A wide variety of such markers are known and available, including, for example, antibiotic resistance genes such as the neomycin resistance gene (neo) (Southern, P., and P. Berg, J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:327-341 (1982)); and the hygromycin resistance gene (hyg) (Nucleic Acids Research 11:6895-6911 (1983), and Te Riele, H., et al., Nature 348:649-651 (1990)). Other selectable marker genes include: acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), alkaline phosphatase (AP), beta galactosidase (LacZ), beta glucoronidase (GUS), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), green fluorescent protein (GFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), luciferase (Luc), nopaline synthase (NOS), octopine synthase (OCS), and derivatives thereof. Multiple selectable markers are available that confer resistance to ampicillin, bleomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, hygromycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, methotrexate, phosphinothricin, puromycin, and tetracycline.
  • Methods for the incorporation of antibiotic resistance genes and negative selection factors will be familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art (see, e.g., WO 99/15650; U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,576; U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,566; Niwa et al., J. Biochem. 113:343-349 (1993); and Yoshida et al., Transgenic Research 4:277-287 (1995)).
  • Combinations of selectable markers can also be used. For example, to target an immunoglobulin gene, a neo gene (with or without its own promoter, as discussed above) can be cloned into a DNA sequence which is homologous to the immunoglobulin gene. To use a combination of markers, the HSV-tk gene can be cloned such that it is outside of the targeting DNA (another selectable marker could be placed on the opposite flank, if desired). After introducing the DNA construct into the cells to be targeted, the cells can be selected on the appropriate antibiotics. In this particular example, those cells which are resistant to G418 and gancyclovir are most likely to have arisen by homologous recombination in which the neo gene has been recombined into the immunoglobulin gene but the tk gene has been lost because it was located outside the region of the double crossover.
  • Deletions can be at least about 50 bp, more usually at least about 100 bp, and generally not more than about 20 kbp, where the deletion can normally include at least a portion of the coding region including a portion of or one or more exons, a portion of or one or more introns, and can or can not include a portion of the flanking non-coding regions, particularly the 5′-non-coding region (transcriptional regulatory region). Thus, the homologous region can extend beyond the coding region into the 5′-non-coding region or alternatively into the 3′-non-coding region. Insertions can generally not exceed 10 kbp, usually not exceed 5 kbp, generally being at least 50 bp, more usually at least 200 bp.
  • The region(s) of homology can include mutations, where mutations can further inactivate the target gene, in providing for a frame shift, or changing a key amino acid, or the mutation can correct a dysfunctional allele, etc. The mutation can be a subtle change, not exceeding about 5% of the homologous flanking sequences. Where mutation of a gene is desired, the marker gene can be inserted into an intron or an exon.
  • The construct can be prepared in accordance with methods known in the art, various fragments can be brought together, introduced into appropriate vectors, cloned, analyzed and then manipulated further until the desired construct has been achieved. Various modifications can be made to the sequence, to allow for restriction analysis, excision, identification of probes, etc. Silent mutations can be introduced, as desired. At various stages, restriction analysis, sequencing, amplification with the polymerase chain reaction, primer repair, in vitro mutagenesis, etc. can be employed.
  • The construct can be prepared using a bacterial vector, including a prokaryotic replication system, e.g. an origin recognizable by E. coli, at each stage the construct can be cloned and analyzed. A marker, the same as or different from the marker to be used for insertion, can be employed, which can be removed prior to introduction into the target cell. Once the vector containing the construct has been completed, it can be further manipulated, such as by deletion of the bacterial sequences, linearization, introducing a short deletion in the homologous sequence. After final manipulation, the construct can be introduced into the cell.
  • The present invention further includes recombinant constructs containing sequences of immunoglobulin genes. The constructs comprise a vector, such as a plasmid or viral vector, into which a sequence of the invention has been inserted, in a forward or reverse orientation. The construct can also include regulatory sequences, including, for example, a promoter, operably linked to the sequence. Large numbers of suitable vectors and promoters are known to those of skill in the art, and are commercially available. The following vectors are provided by way of example. Bacterial: pBs, pQE-9 (Qiagen), phagescript, PsiX174, pBluescript SK, pBsKS, pNH8a, pNH16a, pNH18a, pNH46a (Stratagene); pTrc99A, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 (Pharmacia). Eukaryotic: pWLneo, pSv2cat, pOG44, pXT1, pSG (Stratagene) pSVK3, pBPv, pMSG, pSVL (Pharmiacia), viral origin vectors (M13 vectors, bacterial phage 1 vectors, adenovirus vectors, and retrovirus vectors), high, low and adjustable copy number vectors, vectors which have compatible replicons for use in combination in a single host (pACYC184 and pBR322) and eukaryotic episomal replication vectors (pCDM8). Other vectors include prokaryotic expression vectors such as pcDNA II, pSL301, pSE280, pSE380, pSE420, pTrcHisA, B, and C, pRSET A, B, and C (Invitrogen, Corp.), pGEMEX-1, and pGEMEX-2 (Promega, Inc.), the pET vectors (Novagen, Inc.), pTrc99A, pKK223-3, the pGEX vectors, pEZZ18, pRIT2T, and pMC1871 (Pharmacia, Inc.), pKK233-2 and pKK388-1 (Clontech, Inc.), and pProEx-HT (Invitrogen, Corp.) and variants and derivatives thereof. Other vectors include eukaryotic expression vectors such as pFastBac, pFastBacHT, pFastBacDUAL, pSFV, and pTet-Splice (Invitrogen), pEUK-C1, pPUR, pMAM, pMAMneo, pBI101, pBI121, pDR2, pCMVEBNA, and pYACneo (Clontech), pSVK3, pSVL, pMSG, pCH110, and pKK232-8 (Pharmacia, Inc.), p3′SS, pXT1, pSG5, pPbac, pMbac, pMC1neo, and pOG44 (Stratagene, Inc.), and pYES2, pAC360, pBlueBacHis A, B, and C, pVL1392, pBlueBacIII, pCDM8, pcDNA1, pZeoSV, pcDNA3 pREP4, pCEP4, and pEBVHis (Invitrogen, Corp.) and variants or derivatives thereof. Additional vectors that can be used include: pUC18, pUC19, pBlueScript, pSPORT, cosmids, phagemids, YAC's (yeast artificial chromosomes), BAC's (bacterial artificial chromosomes), P1 (Escherichia coli phage), pQE70, pQE60, pQE9 (quagan), pBS vectors, PhageScript vectors, BlueScript vectors, pNH8A, pNH116A, pNH18A, pNH46A (Stratagene), pcDNA3 (Invitrogen), pGEX, pTrsfus, pTrc99A, pET-5, pET-9, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 (Pharmacia), pSPORT1, pSPORT2, pCMVSPORT2.0 and pSV-SPORT1 (Invitrogen), pTrxFus, pThioHis, pLEX, pTrcHis, pTrcHis2, pRSET, pBlueBacHis2, pcDNA3.1/His, pcDNA3.1(−)/Myc-His, pSecTag, pEBVHis, pPIC9K, pPIC3.5K, pAO815, pPICZ, pPICZ□, pGAPZ, pGAPZ□, pBlueBac4.5, pBlueBacHis2, pMelBac, pSinRep5, pSinHis, pIND, pIND(SP1), pVgRXR, pcDNA2.1, pYES2, pZErO1.1, pZErO-2.1, pCR-Blunt, pSE280, pSE380, pSE420, pVL1392, pVL1393, pCDM8, pcDNA1.1, pcDNA1.1/Amp, pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1/Zeo, pSe, SV2, pRc/CMV2, pRc/RSV, pREP4, pREP7, pREP8, pREP9, pREP 10, pCEP4, pEBVHis, pCR3.1, pCR2.1, pCR3.1-Uni, and pCRBac from Invitrogen; □ ExCell, □ gt11, pTrc99A, pKK223-3, pGEX-1□T, pGEX-2T, pGEX-2TK, pGEX-4T-1, pGEX-4T-2, pGEX-4T-3, pGEX-3X, pGEX-5X-1, pGEX-5X-2, pGEX-5X-3, pEZZ18, pRIT2T, pMC1871, pSVK3, pSVL, pMSG, pCH110, pKK232-8, pSL1180, pNEO, and pUC4K from Pharmacia; pSCREEN-1b(+), pT7Blue(R), pT7Blue-2, pCITE-4abc(+), pOCUS-2, pTAg, pET-32LIC, pET-30LIC, pBAC-2 cp LIC, pBACgus-2 cp LIC, pT7Blue-2 LIC, pT7Blue-2, □SCREEN-1, □BlueSTAR, pET-3abcd, pET-7abc, pET9abcd, pET11abcd, pET12abc, pET-14b, pET-15b, pET-16b, pET-17b-pET-17xb, pET-19b, pET-20b(+), pET-21abcd(+), pET-22b(+), pET-23abcd(+), pET-24abcd(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28abc(+), pET-29abc(+), pET-30abc(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32abc(+), pET-33b(+), pBAC-1, pBACgus-1, pBAC4x-1, pBACgus4x-1, pBAC-3 cp, pBACgus-2 cp, pBACsurf-1, plg, Signal plg, pYX, Selecta Vecta-Neo, Selecta Vecta-Hyg, and Selecta Vecta-Gpt from Novagen; pLexA, pB42AD, pGBT9, pAS2-1, pGAD424, pACT2, pGAD GL, pGAD GH, pGAD10, pGilda, pEZM3, pEGFP, pEGFP-1, pEGFP-N, pEGFP-C, pEBFP, pGFPuv, pGFP, p6xHis-GFP, pSEAP2-Basic, pSEAP2-Contral, pSEAP2-Promoter, pSEAP2-Enhancer, p□gal-Basic, p□gal-Control, p□gal-Promoter, p□gal-Enhancer, pCMV□, pTet-Off, pTet-On, pTK-Hyg, pRetro-Off, pRetro-On, pIRES1neo, pIRES1hyg, pLXSN, pLNCX, pLAPSN, pMAMneo, pMAMneo-CAT, pMAMneo-LUC, pPUR, pSV2neo, pYEX4T-1/2/3, pYEX-S1, pBacPAK-His, pBacPAK8/9, pAcUW31, BacPAK6, pTrip1Ex, □gt10, □gt11, pWE15, and □Trip1Ex from Clontech; Lambda ZAP II, pBK-CMV, pBK-RSV, pBluescript II KS +/−, pBluescript II SK +/−, pAD-GAL4, pBD-GAL4 Cam, pSurfscript, Lambda FIX II, Lambda DASH, Lambda EMBL3, Lambda EMBL4, SuperCos, pCR-Scrigt Amp, pCR-Script Cam, pCR-Script Direct, pBS +/−, pBC KS +/−, pBC SK +/−, Phagescript, pCAL-n-EK, pCAL-n, pCAL-c, pCAL-kc, pET-3abcd, pET-11abcd, pSPUTK, pESP-1, pCMVLacI, pOPRSVI/MCS, pOPI3 CAT, pXT1, pSG5, pPbac, pMbac, pMC1neo, pMC1neo Poly A, pOG44, pOG45, pFRT□GAL, pNEO□GAL, pRS403, pRS404, pRS405, pRS406, pRS413, pRS414, pRS415, and pRS416 from Stratagene and variants or derivatives thereof. Two-hybrid and reverse two-hybrid vectors can also be used, for example, pPC86, pDBLeu, pDBTrp, pPC97, p2.5, pGAD1-3, pGAD10, pACt, pACT2, pGADGL, pGADGH, pAS2-1, pGAD424, pGBT8, pGBT9, pGAD-GAL4, pLexA, pBD-GAL4, pHISi, pHISi-1, placZi, pB42AD, pDG202, pJK202, pJG4-5, pNLexA, pYESTrp and variants or derivatives thereof. Any other plasmids and vectors may be used as long as they are replicable and viable in the host.
  • Techniques which can be used to allow the DNA construct entry into the host cell include, for example, calcium phosphate/DNA co precipitation, microinjection of DNA into the nucleus, electroporation, bacterial protoplast fusion with intact cells, transfection, or any other technique known by one skilled in the art. The DNA can be single or double stranded, linear or circular, relaxed or supercoiled DNA. For various techniques for transfecting mammalian cells, see, for example, Keown et al., Methods in Enzymology Vol. 185, pp. 527-537 (1990).
  • In one specific embodiment, heterozygous or homozygous knockout cells can be produced by transfection of primary fetal fibroblasts with a knockout vector containing immunoglobulin gene sequence isolated from isogenic DNA. In another embodiment, the vector can incorporate a promoter trap strategy, using, for example, IRES (internal ribosome entry site) to initiate translation of the Neor gene.
  • Site Specific Recombinases
  • In additional embodiments, the targeting constructs can contain site specific recombinase sites, such as, for example, lox. In one embodiment, the targeting arms can insert the site specific recombinase target sites into the targeted region such that one site specific recombinase target site is located 5′ to the second site specific recombinase target site. Then, the site specific recombinase can be activated and/or applied to the cell such that the intervening nucleotide sequence between the two site specific recombinase sites is excised.
  • Site-specific recombinases include enzymes or recombinases that recognize and bind to a short nucleic acid site or sequence-specific recombinase target site, i.e., a recombinase recognition site, and catalyze the recombination of nucleic acid in relation to these sites. These enzymes include recombinases, transposases and integrases. Examples of sequence-specific recombinase target sites include, but are not limited to, lox sites, att sites, dif sites and frt sites. Non-limiting examples of site-specific recombinases include, but are not limited to, bacteriophage P1 Cre recombinase, yeast FLP recombinase, Inti integrase, bacteriophage λ, phi 80, P22, P2, 186, and P4 recombinase, Tn3 resolvase, the Hin recombinase, and the Cin recombinase, E. coli xerC and xerD recombinases, Bacillus thuringiensis recombinase, TpnI and the β-lactamase transposons, and the immunoglobulin recombinases.
  • In one embodiment, the recombination site can be a lox site that is recognized by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1. Lox sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the cre gene of bacteriophage P1, the Cre recombinase, can catalyze a site-specific recombination event. A variety of lox sites are known in the art, including the naturally occurring loxP, loxB, loxL and loxR, as well as a number of mutant, or variant, lox sites, such as loxP511, loxP514, lox.DELTA.86, lox.DELTA.117, loxC2, loxP2, loxP3 and lox P23. Additional example of lox sites include, but are not limited to, loxB, loxL, loxR, loxP, loxP3, loxP23, loxΔ86, loxΔ117, loxP511, and loxC2.
  • In another embodiment, the recombination site is a recombination site that is recognized by a recombinases other than Cre. In one embodiment, the recombinase site can be the FRT sites recognized by FLP recombinase of the 2 pi plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FRT sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the FLP gene of the yeast 2 micron plasmid, FLP recombinase, can catalyze site-specific recombination. Additional examples of the non-Cre recombinases include, but are not limited to, site-specific recombinases include: att sites recognized by the Int recombinase of bacteriophage λ (e.g. att1, att2, att3, attP, attB, attL, and attR), the recombination sites recognized by the resolvase family, and the recombination site recognized by transposase of Bacillus thruingiensis.
  • In particular embodiments of the present invention, the targeting constructs can contain: sequence homologous to a porcine immunoglobulin gene as described herein, a selectable marker gene and/or a site specific recombinase target site.
  • Selection of Homologously Recombined Cells
  • The cells can then be grown in appropriately-selected medium to identify cells providing the appropriate integration. The presence of the selectable marker gene inserted into the immunoglobulin gene establishes the integration of the target construct into the host genome. Those cells which show the desired phenotype can then be further analyzed by restriction analysis, electrophoresis, Southern analysis, polymerase chain reaction, etc to analyze the DNA in order to establish whether homologous or non-homologous recombination occurred. This can be determined by employing probes for the insert and then sequencing the 5′ and 3′ regions flanking the insert for the presence of the immunoglobulin gene extending beyond the flanking regions of the construct or identifying the presence of a deletion, when such deletion is introduced. Primers can also be used which are complementary to a sequence within the construct and complementary to a sequence outside the construct and at the target locus. In this way, one can only obtain DNA duplexes having both of the primers present in the complementary chains if homologous recombination has occurred. By demonstrating the presence of the primer sequences or the expected size sequence, the occurrence of homologous recombination is supported.
  • The polymerase chain reaction used for screening homologous recombination events is known in the art, see, for example, Kim and Smithies, Nucleic Acids Res. 16:8887-8903, 1988; and Joyner et al., Nature 338:153-156, 1989. The specific combination of a mutant polyoma enhancer and a thymidine kinase promoter to drive the neomycin gene has been shown to be active in both embryonic stem cells and EC cells by Thomas and Capecchi, supra, 1987; Nicholas and Berg (1983) in Teratocarcinoma Stem Cell, eds. Siver, Martin and Strikland (Cold Spring Harbor Lab., Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (pp. 469-497); and Linney and Donerly, Cell 35:693-699, 1983.
  • The cell lines obtained from the first round of targeting are likely to be heterozygous for the targeted allele. Homozygosity, in which both alleles are modified, can be achieved in a number of ways. One approach is to grow up a number of cells in which one copy has been modified and then to subject these cells to another round of targeting using a different selectable marker. Alternatively, homozygotes can be obtained by breeding animals heterozygous for the modified allele, according to traditional Mendelian genetics. In some situations, it can be desirable to have two different modified alleles. This can be achieved by successive rounds of gene targeting or by breeding heterozygotes, each of which carries one of the desired modified alleles.
  • Identification of Cells that have Undergone Homologous Recombination
  • In one embodiment, the selection method can detect the depletion of the immunoglobulin gene directly, whether due to targeted knockout of the immunoglobulin gene by homologous recombination, or a mutation in the gene that results in a nonfunctioning or nonexpressed immunoglobulin. Selection via antibiotic resistance has been used most commonly for screening (see above). This method can detect the presence of the resistance gene on the targeting vector, but does not directly indicate whether integration was a targeted recombination event or a random integration. Certain technology, such as Poly A and promoter trap technology, increase the probability of targeted events, but again, do not give direct evidence that the desired phenotype, a cell deficient in immunoglobulin gene expression, has been achieved. In addition, negative forms of selection can be used to select for targeted integration; in these cases, the gene for a factor lethal to the cells is inserted in such a way that only targeted events allow the cell to avoid death. Cells selected by these methods can then be assayed for gene disruption, vector integration and, finally, immunoglobulin gene depletion. In these cases, since the selection is based on detection of targeting vector integration and not at the altered phenotype, only targeted knockouts, not point mutations, gene rearrangements or truncations or other such modifications can be detected.
  • Animal cells believed to lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin genes can be further characterized. Such characterization can be accomplished by the following techniques, including, but not limited to: PCR analysis, Southern blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, specific lectin binding assays, and/or sequencing analysis.
  • PCR analysis as described in the art can be used to determine the integration of targeting vectors. In one embodiment, amplimers can originate in the antibiotic resistance gene and extend into a region outside the vector sequence. Southern analysis can also be used to characterize gross modifications in the locus, such as the integration of a targeting vector into the immunoglobulin locus. Whereas, Northern analysis can be used to characterize the transcript produced from each of the alleles.
  • Further, sequencing analysis of the cDNA produced from the RNA transcript can also be used to determine the precise location of any mutations in the immunoglobulin allele.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, ungulate cells lacking at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein are provided. These cells can be obtained as a result of homologous recombination. Particularly, by inactivating at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene, cells can be produced which have reduced capability for expression of porcine antibodies. In other embodiments, mammalian cells lacking both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein. In a further embodiment, porcine animals are provided in which at least one allele of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene is inactivated via a genetic targeting event produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein. In another aspect of the present invention, porcine animals are provided in which both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene are inactivated via a genetic targeting event. The gene can be targeted via homologous recombination. In other embodiments, the gene can be disrupted, i.e. a portion of the genetic code can be altered, thereby affecting transcription and/or translation of that segment of the gene. For example, disruption of a gene can occur through substitution, deletion (“knock-out”) or insertion (“knock-in”) techniques. Additional genes for a desired protein or regulatory sequence that modulate transcription of an existing sequence can be inserted.
  • In embodiments of the present invention, alleles of ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain or lambda light chain gene are rendered inactive according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, such that functional ungulate immunoglobulins can no longer be produced. In one embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed into RNA, but not translated into protein. In another embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed in an inactive truncated form. Such a truncated RNA may either not be translated or can be translated into a nonfunctional protein. In an alternative embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be inactivated in such a way that no transcription of the gene occurs. In a further embodiment, the targeted immunoglobulin gene can be transcribed and then translated into a nonfunctional protein.
  • III. Insertion of Artificial Chromosomes Containing Human Immunoglobulin Genes
  • Artificial Chromosomes
  • One aspect of the present invention provides ungulates and ungulate cells that lack at least one allele of a functional region of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain locus produced according to the processes, sequences and/or constructs described herein, which are further modified to express at least part of a human antibody (i.e. immunoglobulin (Ig)) locus. This human locus can undergo rearrangement and express a diverse population of human antibody molecules in the ungulate. These cloned, transgenic ungulates provide a replenishable, theoretically infinite supply of human antibodies (such as polyclonal antibodies), which can be used for therapeutic, diagnostic, purification, and other clinically relevant purposes.
  • In one particular embodiment, artificial chromosome (ACs) can be used to accomplish the transfer of human immunoglobulin genes into ungulate cells and animals. ACs permit targeted integration of megabase size DNA fragments that contain single or multiple genes. The ACs, therefore, can introduce heterologous DNA into selected cells for production of the gene product encoded by the heterologous DNA. In a one embodiment, one or more ACs with integrated human immunoglobulin DNA can be used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • First constructed in yeast in 1983, ACs are man-made linear DNA molecules constructed from essential cis-acting DNA sequence elements that are responsible for the proper replication and partitioning of natural chromosomes (Murray et al. (1983), Nature 301:189-193). A chromosome requires at least three elements to function. Specifically, the elements of an artificial chromosome include at least: (1) autonomous replication sequences (ARS) (having properties of replication origins—which are the sites for initiation of DNA replication), (2) centromeres (site of kinetochore assembly that is responsible for proper distribution of replicated chromosomes at mitosis and meiosis), and (3) telomeres (specialized structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that function to both stabilize the ends and facilitate the complete replication of the extreme termini of the DNA molecule).
  • In one embodiment, the human Ig can be maintained as an independent unit (an episome) apart from the ungulate chromosomal DNA. For example, episomal vectors contain the necessary DNA sequence elements required for DNA replication and maintenance of the vector within the cell. Episomal vectors are available commercially (see, for example, Maniatis, T. et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (1982) pp. 368-369). The AC can stably replicate and segregate along side endogenous chromosomes. In an alternative embodiment, the human IgG DNA sequences can be integrated into the ungulate cell's chromosomes thereby permitting the new information to be replicated and partitioned to the cell's progeny as a part of the natural chromosomes (see, for example, Wigler et al. (1977), Cell 11:223). The AC can be translocated to, or inserted into, the endogenous chromosome of the ungulate cell. Two or more ACs can be introduced to the host cell simultaneously or sequentially.
  • ACs, furthermore, can provide an extra-genomic locus for targeted integration of megabase size DNA fragments that contain single or multiple genes, including multiple copies of a single gene operatively linked to one promoter or each copy or several copies linked to separate promoters. ACs can permit the targeted integration of megabase size DNA fragments that contain single or multiple human immunoglobulin genes. The ACs can be generated by culturing the cells with dicentric chromosomes (i.e., chromosomes with two centromeres) under such conditions known to one skilled in the art whereby the chromosome breaks to form a minichromosome and formerly dicentric chromosome.
  • ACs can be constructed from humans (human artificial chromosomes: “HACs”), yeast (yeast artificial chromosomes: “YACs”), bacteria (bacterial artificial chromosomes: “BACs”), bacteriophage P1-derived artificial chromosomes: “PACs”) and other mammals (mammalian artificial chromosomes: “MACs”). The ACs derive their name (e.g., YAC, BAC, PAC, MAC, HAC) based on the origin of the centromere. A YAC, for example, can derive its centromere from S. cerevisiae. MACs, on the other hand, include an active mammalian centromere while HACs refer to chromosomes that include human centromeres. Furthermore, plant artificial chromosomes (“PLACs”) and insect artificial chromosomes can also be constructed. The ACs can include elements derived from chromosomes that are responsible for both replication and maintenance. ACs, therefore, are capable of stably maintaining large genomic DNA fragments such as human Ig DNA.
  • In one embodiment, ungulates containing YACs are provided. YACs are genetically engineered circular chromosomes that contain elements from yeast chromosomes, such as S. cerevisiae, and segments of foreign DNAs that can be much larger than those accepted by conventional cloning vectors (e.g., plasmids, cosmids). YACs allow the propagation of very large segments of exogenous DNA (Schlessinger, D. (1990), Trends in Genetics 6:248-253) into mammalian cells and animals (Choi et al. (1993), Nature Gen 4:117-123). YAC transgenic approaches are very powerful and are greatly enhanced by the ability to efficiently manipulate the cloned DNA. A major technical advantage of yeast is the ease with which specific genome modifications can be made via DNA-mediated transformation and homologous recombination (Ramsay, M. (1994), Mol Biotech 1:181-201). In one embodiment, one or more YACs with integrated human Ig DNA can be used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • The YAC vectors contain specific structural components for replication in yeast, including: a centromere, telomeres, autonomous replication sequence (ARS), yeast selectable markers (e.g., TRP1, URA3, and SUP4), and a cloning site for insertion of large segments of greater than 50 kb of exogenous DNA. The marker genes can allow selection of the cells carrying the YAC and serve as sites for the synthesis of specific restriction endonucleases. For example, the TRP1 and URA3 genes can be used as dual selectable markers to ensure that only complete artificial chromosomes are maintained. Yeast selectable markers can be carried on both sides of the centromere, and two sequences that seed telomere formation in vivo are separated. Only a fraction of one percent of a yeast cell's total DNA is necessary for replication, however, including the center of the chromosome (the centromere, which serves as the site of attachment between sister chromatids and the sites of spindle fiber attachment during mitosis), the ends of the chromosome (telomeres, which serve as necessary sequences to maintain the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes), and another short stretch of DNA called the ARS which serves as DNA segments where the double helix can unwind and begin to copy itself.
  • In one embodiment, YACs can be used to clone up to about 1, 2, or 3 Mb of immunoglobulin DNA. In another embodiment, at least 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95 kilobases.
  • Yeast integrating plasmids, replicating vectors (which are fragments of YACs), can also be used to express human Ig. The yeast integrating plasmid can contain bacterial plasmid sequences that provide a replication origin and a drug-resistance gene for growth in bacteria (e.g., E. coli), a yeast marker gene for selection of transformants in yeast, and restriction sites for inserting Ig sequences. Host cells can stably acquire this plasmid by integrating it directly into a chromosome. Yeast replicating vectors can also be used to express human Ig as free plasmid circles in yeast. Yeast or ARS-containing vectors can be stabilized by the addition of a centromere sequence. YACs have both centromeric and telomeric regions, and can be used for cloning very large pieces of DNA because the recombinant is maintained essentially as a yeast chromosome.
  • YACs are provided, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,692,954, 6,495,318, 6,391,642, 6,287,853, 6,221,588, 6,166,288, 6,096,878, 6,015,708, 5,981,175, 5,939,255, 5,843,671, 5,783,385, 5,776,745, 5,578,461, and 4,889,806; European Patent Nos. 1 356 062 and 0 648 265; PCT Publication Nos. WO 03/025222, WO 02/057437, WO 02/101044, WO 02/057437, WO 98/36082, WO 98/12335, WO 98/01573, WO 96/01276, WO 95/14769, WO 95/05847, WO 94/23049, and WO 94/00569.
  • In another embodiment, ungulates containing BACs are provided. BACs are F-based plasmids found in bacteria, such as E. Coli, that can transfer approximately 300 kb of foreign DNA into a host cell. Once the Ig DNA has been cloned into the host cell, the newly inserted segment can be replicated along with the rest of the plasmid. As a result, billions of copies of the foreign DNA can be made in a very short time. In a particular embodiment, one or more BACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs).
  • The BAC cloning system is based on the E. coli F-factor, whose replication is strictly controlled and thus ensures stable maintenance of large constructs (Willets, N., and R. Skurray (1987), Structure and function of the F-factor and mechanism of conjugation. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology (F. C. Neidhardt, Ed) Vol. 2 pp 1110-1133, Am. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, D.C.). BACs have been widely used for cloning of DNA from various eukaryotic species (Cai et al. (1995), Genomics 29:413-425; Kim et al. (1996), Genomics 34:213-218; Misumi et al. (1997), Genomics 40:147-150; Woo et al. (1994), Nucleic Acids Res 22:4922-4931; Zimmer, R. and Gibbins, A.M.V. (1997), Genomics 42:217-226). The low occurrence of the F-plasmid can reduce the potential for recombination between DNA fragments and can avoid the lethal overexpression of cloned bacterial genes. BACs can stably maintain the human immunoglobulin genes in a single copy vector in the host cells, even after 100 or more generations of serial growth.
  • BAC (or pBAC) vectors can accommodate inserts in the range of approximately 30 to 300 kb pairs. One specific type of BAC vector, pBeloBac11, uses a complementation of the lacZ gene to distinguish insert-containing recombinant molecules from colonies carrying the BAC vector, by color. When a DNA fragment is cloned into the lacZ gene of pBeloBac11, insertional activation results in a white colony on X-Gal/IPTG plates after transformation (Kim et al. (1996), Genomics 34:213-218) to easily identify positive clones.
  • For example, BACs can be provided such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,713,281, 6,703,198, 6,649,347, 6,638,722, 6,586,184, 6,573,090, 6,548,256, 6,534,262, 6,492,577, 6,492,506, 6,485,912, 6,472,177, 6,455,254, 6,383,756, 6,277,621, 6,183,957, 6,156,574, 6,127,171, 5,874,259, 5,707,811, and 5,597,694; European Patent Nos. 0 805 851; PCT Publication Nos. WO 03/087330, WO 02/00916, WO 01/39797, WO 01/04302, WO 00/79001, WO 99/54487, WO 99/27118, and WO 96/21725.
  • In another embodiment, ungulates containing bacteriophage PACs are provided. In a particular embodiment, one or more bacteriophage PACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs). For example, PACs can be provided such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,743,906, 6,730,500, 6,689,606, 6,673,909, 6,642,207, 6,632,934, 6,573,090, 6,544,768, 6,489,458, 6,485,912, 6,469,144, 6,462,176, 6,413,776, 6,399,312, 6,340,595, 6,287,854, 6,284,882, 6,277,621, 6,271,008, 6,187,533, 6,156,574, 6,153,740, 6,143,949, 6,017,755, and 5,973,133; European Patent Nos. 0 814 156; PCT Publication Nos. WO 03/091426, WO 03/076573, WO 03/020898, WO 02/101022, WO 02/070696, WO 02/061073, WO 02/31202, WO 01/44486, WO 01/07478, WO 01/05962, and WO 99/63103.
  • In a further embodiment, ungulates containing MACs are provided. MACs possess high mitotic stability, consistent and regulated gene expression, high cloning capacity, and non-immunogenicity. Mammalian chromosomes can be comprised of a continuous linear strand of DNA ranging in size from approximately 50 to 250 Mb. The DNA construct can further contain one or more sequences necessary for the DNA construct to multiply in yeast cells. The DNA construct can also contain a sequence encoding a selectable marker gene. The DNA construct can be capable of being maintained as a chromosome in a transformed cell with the DNA construct. MACs provide extra-genomic specific integration sites for introduction of genes encoding proteins of interest and permit megabase size DNA integration so that, for example, genes encoding an entire metabolic pathway, a very large gene [e.g., such as the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene (−600 kb)], or several genes [e.g., a series of antigens for preparation of a multivalent vaccine] can be stably introduced into a cell.
  • Mammalian artificial chromosomes [MACs] are provided. Also provided are artificial chromosomes for other higher eukaryotic species, such as insects and fish, produced using the MACS are provided herein. Methods for generating and isolating such chromosomes. Methods using the MACs to construct artificial chromosomes from other species, such as insect and fish species are also provided. The artificial chromosomes are fully functional stable chromosomes. Two types of artificial chromosomes are provided. One type, herein referred to as SATACs [satellite artificial chromosomes] are stable heterochromatic chromosomes, and the another type are minichromosomes based on amplification of euchromatin. As used herein, a formerly dicentric chromosome is a chromosome that is produced when a dicentric chromosome fragments and acquires new telomeres so that two chromosomes, each having one of the centromeres, are produced. Each of the fragments can be replicable chromosomes.
  • Also provided are artificial chromosomes for other higher eukaryotic species, such as insects and fish, produced using the MACS are provided herein. In one embodiment, SATACs [satellite artificial chromosomes] are provided. SATACs are stable heterochromatic chromosomes. In another embodiment, minichromosomes are provided wherein the minichromosomes are based on amplification of euchromatin.
  • In one embodiment, artificial chromosomes can be generated by culturing the cells with the dicentric chromosomes under conditions whereby the chromosome breaks to form a minichromosome and formerly dicentric chromosome. In one embodiment, the SATACs can be generated from the minichromosome fragment, see, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,625. In another embodiment, the SATACs can be generated from the fragment of the formerly dicentric chromosome. The SATACs can be made up of repeating units of short satellite DNA and can be fully heterochromatic. In one embodiment, absent insertion of heterologous or foreign DNA, the SATACs do not contain genetic information. In other embodiments, SATACs of various sizes are provided that are formed by repeated culturing under selective conditions and subcloning of cells that contain chromosomes produced from the formerly dicentric chromosomes. These chromosomes can be based on repeating units 7.5 to 10 Mb in size, or megareplicons. These megareplicaonscan be tandem blocks of satellite DNA flanked by heterologous non-satellite DNA. Amplification can produce a tandem array of identical chromosome segments [each called an amplicon] that contain two inverted megareplicons bordered by heterologous [“foreign”] DNA. Repeated cell fusion, growth on selective medium and/or BrdU [5-bromodeoxyuridine] treatment or other genome destabilizing reagent or agent, such as ionizing radiation, including X-rays, and subcloning can result in cell lines that carry stable heterochromatic or partially heterochromatic chromosomes, including a 150-200 Mb “sausage” chromosome, a 500-1000 Mb gigachromosome, a stable 250-400 Mb megachromosome and various smaller stable chromosomes derived therefrom. These chromosomes are based on these repeating units and can include human immunoglobulin DNA that is expressed. (See also U.S. Pat. No. 6,743,967
  • In other embodiments, MACs can be provided, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,743,967, 6,682,729, 6,569,643, 6,558,902, 6,548,287, 6,410,722, 6,348,353, 6,297,029, 6,265,211, 6,207,648, 6,150,170, 6,150,160, 6,133,503, 6,077,697, 6,025,155, 5,997,881, 5,985,846, 5,981,225, 5,877,159, 5,851,760, and 5,721,118; PCT Publication Nos. WO 04/066945, WO 04/044129, WO 04/035729, WO 04/033668, WO 04/027075, WO 04/016791, WO 04/009788, WO 04/007750, WO 03/083054, WO 03/068910, WO 03/068909, WO 03/064613, WO 03/052050, WO 03/027315, WO 03/023029, WO 03/012126, WO 03/006610, WO 03/000921, WO 02/103032, WO 02/097059, WO 02/096923, WO 02/095003, WO 02/092615, WO 02/081710, WO 02/059330, WO 02/059296, WO 00/18941, WO 97/16533, and WO 96/40965.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, ungulates and ungulate cells containing HACs are provided. In a particular embodiment, one or more HACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used as a vector for introduction of human Ig genes into ungulates (such as pigs). In a particular embodiment, one or more HACs with integrated human Ig DNA are used to generate ungulates (for example, pigs) by nuclear transfer which express human Igs in response to immunization and which undergo affinity maturation.
  • Various approaches may be used to produce ungulates that express human antibodies (“human Ig”). These approaches include, for example, the insertion of a HAC containing both heavy and light chain Ig genes into an ungulate or the insertion of human B-cells or B-cell precursors into an ungulate during its fetal stage or after it is born (e.g., an immune deficient or immune suppressed ungulate) (see, for example, WO 01/35735, filed Nov. 17, 2000, US 02/08645, filed Mar. 20, 2002). In either case, both human antibody producing cells and ungulate antibody-producing B-cells may be present in the ungulate. In an ungulate containing a HAC, a single B-cell may produce an antibody that contains a combination of ungulate and human heavy and light chain proteins. In still other embodiments, the total size of the HAC is at least to approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 Mb.
  • For example, HACs can be provided such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,642,207, 6,590,089, 6,566,066, 6,524,799, 6,500,642, 6,485,910, 6,475,752, 6,458,561, 6,455,026, 6,448,041, 6,410,722, 6,358,523, 6,277,621, 6,265,211, 6,146,827, 6,143,566, 6,077,697, 6,025,155, 6,020,142, and 5,972,649; U.S. Pat. Application No. 2003/0037347; PCT Publication Nos. WO 04/050704, WO 04/044156, WO 04/031385, WO 04/016791, WO 03/101396, WO 03/097812, WO 03/093469, WO 03/091426, WO 03/057923, WO 03/057849, WO 03/027638, WO 03/020898, WO 02/092812, and WO 98/27200.
  • Additional examples of ACs into which human immunoglobulin sequences can be inserted for use in the invention include, for example, BACs (e.g., pBeloBAC11 or pBAC108L; see, e.g., Shizuya et al. (1992), Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(18):8794-8797; Wang et al. (1997), Biotechniques 23(6):992-994), bacteriophage PACs, YACs (see, e.g., Burke (1990), Genet Anal Tech Appl 7(5):94-99), and MACs (see, e.g., Vos (1997), Nat. Biotechnol. 15(12):1257-1259; Ascenzioni et al. (1997), Cancer Lett 118(2):135-142), such as HACs, see also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,743,967, 6,716,608, 6,692,954, 6,670,154, 6,642,207, 6,638,722, 6,573,090, 6,492,506, 6,348,353, 6,287,853, 6,277,621, 6,183,957, 6,156,953, 6,133,503, 6,090,584, 6,077,697, 6,025,155, 6,015,708, 5,981,175, 5,874,259, 5,721,118, and 5,270,201; European Patent Nos. 1 437 400, 1 234 024, 1 356 062, 0 959 134, 1 056 878, 0 986 648, 0 648 265, and 0 338 266; PCT Publication Nos. WO 04/013299, WO 01/07478, WO 00/06715, WO 99/43842, WO 99/27118, WO 98/55637, WO 94/00569, and WO 89/09219. Additional examples includes those AC provided in, for example, PCT Publication No. WO 02/076508, WO 03/093469, WO 02/097059; WO 02/096923; US Publication Nos US 2003/0113917 and US 2003/003435; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,025,155.
  • In other embodiments of the present invention, ACs transmitted through male gametogenesis in each generation. The AC can be integrating or non-integrating. In one embodiment, the AC can be transmitted through mitosis in substantially all dividing cells. In another embodiment, the AC can provide for position independent expression of a human immunogloulin nucleic acid sequence. In a particular embodiment, the AC can have a transmittal efficiency of at least 10% through each male and female gametogenesis. In one particular embodiment, the AC can be circular. In another particular embodiment, the non-integrating AC can be that deposited with the Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms—BCCM on Mar. 27, 2000 under accession number LMBP 5473 CB. In additional embodiments, methods for producing an AC are provided wherein a mitotically stable unit containing an exogenous nucleic acid transmitted through male gametogenesis is identified; and an entry site in the mitotically stable unit allows for the integration of human immunoglobulin genes into the unit.
  • In other embodiments, ACs are provided that include: a functional centromere, a selectable marker and/or a unique cloning site. Tin other embodiments, the AC can exhibit one or more of the following properties: it can segregate stably as an independent chromosome, immunoglobulin sequences can be inserted in a controlled way and can expressed from the AC, it can be efficiently transmitted through the male and female germline and/or the transgenic animals can bear the chromosome in greater than about 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90% of its cells.
  • In particular embodiments, the AC can be isolated from fibroblasts (such as any mammalian or human fibroblast) in which it was mitotically stable. After transfer of the AC into hamster cells, a lox (such as loxP) site and a selectable marker site can be inserted. In other embodiments, the AC can maintain mitotic stability, for example, showing a loss of less than about 5, 2, 1, 0.5 or 0.25 percent per mitosis in the absence of selection. See also, US 2003/0064509 and WO 01/77357.
  • Xenogenous Immunoglobulin Genes
  • In another aspect of the present invention, transgenic ungulates are provided that expresses a xenogenous immunoglobulin loci or fragment thereof, wherein the immunoglobulin can be expressed from an immunoglobulin locus that is integrated within an endogenous ungulate chromosome. In one embodiment, ungulate cells derived from the transgenic animals are provided. In one embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited by offspring. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin locus can be inherited through the male germ line by offspring. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • In other embodiments, the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci. In an alternative embodiment, porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus. In one embodiment, the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • In other embodiments, the transgenic ungulate that lacks any expression of functional endogenous immunoglobulins can be further genetically modified to express an xenogenous immunoglobulin loci. In an alternative embodiment, porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus. In one embodiment, the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • In another embodiment, porcine animals are provided that contain an xenogeous immunoglobulin locus. In one embodiment, the xenogeous immunoglobulin loci can be a heavy and/or light chain immunoglobulin or fragment thereof. In another embodiment, the xenogenous immunoglobulin loci can be a kappa chain locus or fragment thereof and/or a lambda chain locus or fragment thereof. In still further embodiments, an artificial chromosome (AC) can contain the xenogenous immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the AC can be a yeast AC or a mammalian AC. In a further embodiment, the xenogenous locus can be a human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can be human chromosome 14, human chromosome 2, and human chromosome 22 or fragments thereof. In another embodiment, the human immunoglobulin locus can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin that can undergo rearrangement. In a further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any fragment of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain and a human immunoglobulin light chain that can undergo rearrangement. In still further embodiment, the human immunoglobulin loci can include any human immunoglobulin locus or fragment thereof that can produce an antibody upon exposure to an antigen. In a particular embodiment, the exogenous human immunoglobulin can be expressed in B cells to produce xenogenous immunoglobulin in response to exposure to one or more antigens.
  • Human immunoglobulin genes, such as the Ig heavy chain gene (human chromosome 414), Ig kappa chain gene (human chromosome #2) and/or the Ig lambda chain gene (chromosome #22) can be inserted into Acs, as described above. In a particular embodiment, any portion of the human heavy, kappa and/or lambda Ig genes can be inserted into ACs. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid can be at least 70, 80, 90, 95, or 99% identical to the corresponding region of a naturally-occurring nucleic acid from a human. In other embodiments, more than one class of human antibody is produced by the ungulate. In various embodiments, more than one different human Ig or antibody is produced by the ungulate. In one embodiment, an AC containing both a human Ig heavy chain gene and Ig light chain gene, such as an automatic human artificial chromosome (“AHAC,” a circular recombinant nucleic acid molecule that is converted to a linear human chromosome in vivo by an endogenously expressed restriction endonuclease) can be introduced. In one embodiment, the human heavy chain loci and the light chain loci are on different chromosome arms (i.e., on different side of the centromere). In one embodiments, the heavy chain can include the mu heavy chain, and the light chain can be a lambda or kappa light chain. The Ig genes can be introduced simultaneously or sequentially in one or more than one ACs.
  • In particular embodiments, the ungulate or ungulate cell expresses one or more nucleic acids encoding all or part of a human Ig gene which undergoes rearrangement and expresses more than one human Ig molecule, such as a human antibody protein. Thus, the nucleic acid encoding the human Ig chain or antibody is in its unrearranged form (that is, the nucleic acid has not undergone V(D)J recombination). In particular embodiments, all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a V gene segment of an antibody light chain can be separated from all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a J gene segment by one or more nucleotides. In a particular embodiment, all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a V gene segment of an antibody heavy chain can be separated from all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a D gene segment by one or more nucleotides, and/or all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a D gene segment of an antibody heavy chain are separated from all of the nucleic acid segments encoding a J gene segment by one or more nucleotides. Administration of an antigen to a transgenic ungulate containing an unrearranged human Ig gene is followed by the rearrangement of the nucleic acid segments in the human Ig gene locus and the production of human antibodies reactive with the antigen.
  • In one embodiment, the AC can express a portion or fragment of a human chromosome that contains an immunoglobulin gene. In one embodiment, the AC can express at least 300 or 1300 kb of the human light chain locus, such as described in Davies et al. 1993 Biotechnology 11:911-914.
  • In another embodiment, the AC can express a portion of human chromosome 22 that contains at least the λ light-chain locus, including Vλ gene segments, Jλ gene segments, and the single Cλ gene. In another embodiment, the AC can express at least one Vλ gene segment, at least one Jλ gene segment, and the Cλ gene. In other embodiment, ACs can contain portions of the lambda locus, such as described in Popov et al. J Exp Med. 1999 May 17; 189(10):1611-20.
  • In another embodiment, the AC can express a portion of human chromosome 2 that contains at least the κ light-chain locus, including Vκ gene segments, Jκ gene segments and the single Cκ gene. In another embodiment, the AC can express at least one Vκ gene segment, at least one Jκ gene segment and the Cκ gene. In other embodiments, AC containing portions of the kappa light chain locus can be those describe, for example, in Li et al. 2000 J Immunol 164: 812-824 and Li S Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987 June; 84(12):4229-33. In another embodiment, AC containing approximately 1.3 Mb of human kappa locus are provided, such as described in Zou et al FASEB J. 1996 August; 10(10):1227-32.
  • In further embodiments, the AC can express a portion of human chromosome 14 that contains at least the human heavy-chain locus, including VH, DH, JH and CH gene segments. In another embodiment, the AC can express at least one VH gene segment, at least one DH gene segment, at least one JH gene segment and at least one at least one CH gene segment. In other embodiments, the AC can express at least 85 kb of the human heavy chain locus, such as described in Choi et al. 1993 Nat Gen 4:117-123 and/or Zou et al. 1996 PNAS 96: 14100-14105.
  • In other embodiments, the AC can express portions of both heavy and light chain loci, such as, at least 220, 170, 800 or 1020 kb, for example, as disclosed in Green et al. 1994 Nat Gen 7:13-22; Mendez et al 1995 Genomics 26: 294-307; Mendez et al. 1997 Nat Gen 15: 146-156; Green et al. 1998 J Exp Med 188: 483-495 and/or Fishwild et al. 1996 Nat Biotech 14: 845-851. In another embodiment, the AC can express megabase amounts of human immunoglobulin, such as described in Nicholson J Immunol. 1999 Dec. 15; 163(12):6898-906 and Popov Gene. 1996 Oct. 24; 177(1-2):195-201. In addition, in one particular embodiment, MACs derived from human chromosome #14 (comprising the Ig heavy chain gene), human chromosome #2 comprising the Ig kappa chain gene) and human chromosome #22 (comprising the Ig lambda chain gene) can be introduced simultaneously or successively, such as described in US Patent Publication No. 2004/0068760 to Robl et al. In another embodiments, the total size of the MAC is less than or equal to approximately 10, 9, 8, or 7 megabases.
  • In a particular embodiment, human Vh, human Dh, human Jh segments and human mu segments of human immunoglobulins in germline configuration can be inserted into an AC, such as a YAC, such that the Vh, Dh, Jh and mu DNA segments form a repertoire of immunoglobulins containing portions which correspond to the human DNA segments, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,807 to the Babraham Instititute. Such ACs, after insertion into ungulate cells and generation of ungulates can produce heavy chain immunoglobulins. In one embodiment, these immunoglobulins can form functional heavy chain-light chain immunoglobulins. In another embodiment, these immunoglobulins can be expressed in an amount allowing for recovery from suitable cells or body fluids of the ungulate. Such immunoglobulins can be inserted into yeast artificial chromosome vectors, such as described by Burke, D T, Carle, G F and Olson, M V (1987) “Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors” Science, 236, 806-812, or by introduction of chromosome fragments (such as described by Richer, J and Lo, C W (1989) “Introduction of human DNA into mouse eggs by injection of dissected human chromosome fragments” Science 245, 175-177).
  • Additional information on specific ACs containing human immunoglobulin genes can be found in, for example, recent reviews by Giraldo & Montoliu (2001) Transgenic Research 10: 83-103 and Peterson (2003) Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 5: 1-25.
  • AC Transfer Methods
  • The human immunoglobulin genes can be first inserted into ACs and then the human-immunoglobulin-containing ACs can be inserted into the ungulate cells. Alternatively, the ACs can be transferred to an intermediary mammalian cell, such as a CHO cell, prior to insertion into the ungulate call. In one embodiment, the intermediary mammalian cell can also contain and AC and the first AC can be inserted into the AC of the mammalian cell. In particular, a YAC containing human immunoglobulin genes or fragments thereof in a yeast cell can be transferred to a mammalian cell that harbors an MAC. The YAC can be inserted into the MAC. The MAC can then be transferred to an ungulate cell. The human Ig genes can be inserted into ACs by homologous recombination. The resulting AC containing human Ig genes, can then be introduced into ungulate cells. One or more ungulate cells can be selected by techniques described herein or those known in the art, which contain an AC containing a human Ig.
  • Suitable hosts for introduction of the ACs are provided herein, which include but are not limited to any animal or plant, cell or tissue thereof, including, but not limited to: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, fish, arachnids, tobacco, tomato, wheat, monocots, dicots and algae. In one embodiment, the ACs can be condensed (Marschall et al Gene Ther. 1999 Sep.; 6(9):1634-7) by any reagent known in the art, including, but not limited to, spermine, spermidine, polyethylenimine, and/or polylysine prior to introduction into cells. The ACs can be introduced by cell fusion or microcell fusion or subsequent to isolation by any method known to those of skill in this art, including but not limited to: direct DNA transfer, electroporation, nuclear transfer, microcell fusion, cell fusion, spheroplast fusion, lipid-mediated transfer, lipofection, liposomes, microprojectile bombardment, microinjection, calcium phosphate precipitation and/or any other suitable method. Other methods for introducing DNA into cells, include nuclear microinjection, electroporation, bacterial protoplast fusion with intact cells. Polycations, such as polybrene and polyornithine, may also be used. For various techniques for transforming mammalian cells, see e.g., Keown et al. Methods in Enzymology (1990) Vol. 185, pp. 527-537; and Mansour et al. (1988) Nature 336:348-352.
  • The ACs can be introduced by direct DNA transformation; microinjection in cells or embryos, protoplast regeneration for plants, electroporation, microprojectile gun and other such methods known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Weissbach et al. (1988) Methods for Plant Molecular Biology, Academic Press, N.Y., Section VIII, pp. 421-463; Grierson et al. (1988) Plant Molecular Biology, 2d Ed., Blackie, London, Ch. 7-9; see, also U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,491,075; 5,482,928; and 5,424,409; see, also, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,708,).
  • In particular embodiments, one or more isolated YACs can be used that harbor human Ig genes. The isolated YACs can be condensed (Marschall et al Gene Ther. 1999 September; 6(9):1634-7) by any reagent known in the art, including, but not limited to spermine, spermidine, polyethylenimine, and/or polylysine. The condensed YACs can then be transferred to porcine cells by any method known in the art (for example, microinjection, electroporation, lipid mediated transfection, etc). Alternatively, the condensed YAC can be transferred to oocytes via sperm-mediated gene transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) mediated gene transfer. In one embodiment, spheroplast fusion can be used to transfer YACs that harbor human Ig genes to porcine cells.
  • In other embodiments of the invention, the AC containing the human Ig can be inserted into an adult, fetal, or embryonic ungulate cell. Additional examples of ungulate cells include undifferentiated cells, such as embryonic cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells), differentiated or somatic cells, such as epithelial cells, neural cells epidermal cells, keratinocytes, hematopoietic cells, melanocytes, chondrocytes, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, erythrocytes, macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts, muscle cells, cells from the female reproductive system, such as a mammary gland, ovarian cumulus, granulosa, or oviductal cell, germ cells, placental cell, or cells derived from any organ, such as the bladder, brain, esophagus, fallopian tube, heart, intestines, gallbladder, kidney, liver, lung, ovaries, pancreas, prostate, spinal cord, spleen, stomach, testes, thymus, thyroid, trachea, ureter, urethra, and uterus or any other cell type described herein.
  • Site Specific Recombinase Mediated Transfer
  • In particular embodiments of the present invention, the transfer of ACs containing human immunoglobulin genes to porcine cells, such as those described herein or known in the art, can be accomplished via site specific recombinase mediated transfer. In one particular embodiment, the ACs can be transferred into porcine fibroblast cells. In another particular embodiment, the ACs can be YACs.
  • In other embodiments of the present invention, the circularized DNA, such as an AC, that contain the site specific recombinase target site can be transferred into a cell line that has a site specific recombinase target site within its genome. In one embodiment, the cell's site specific recombinase target site can be located within an exogenous chromosome. The exogenous chromosome can be an artificial chromosome that does not integrate into the host's endogenous genome. In one embodiment, the AC can be transferred via germ line transmission to offspring. In one particular embodiment, a YAC containing a human immunoglobulin gene or fragment thereof can be circularized via a site specific recombinase and then transferred into a host cell that contains a MAC, wherein the MAC contains a site specific recombinase site. This MAC that now contains human immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof can then be fused with a porcine cell, such as, but not limited to, a fibroblast. The porcine cell can then be used for nuclear transfer.
  • In certain embodiments of the present invention, the ACs that contain human immunoglobulin genes or fragments thereof can be transferred to a mammalian cell, such as a CHO cell, prior to insertion into the ungulate call. In one embodiment, the intermediary mammalian cell can also contain and AC and the first AC can be inserted into the AC of the mammalian cell. In particular, a YAC containing human immunoglobulin genes or fragments thereof in a yeast cell can be transferred to a mammalian cell that harbors a MAC. The YAC can be inserted in the MAC. The MAC can then be transferred to an ungulate cell. In particular embodiments, the YAC harboring the human Ig genes or fragments thereof can contain site specific recombinase target sites. The YAC can first be circularized via application of the appropriate site specific recombinase and then inserted into a mammalian cell that contains its own site specific recombinase target site. Then, the site specific recombinase can be applied to integrate the YAC into the MAC in the intermediary mammalian cell. The site specific recombinase can be applied in cis or trans. In particular, the site specific recombinase can be applied in trans. In one embodiment, the site specific recombinase can be expressed via transfection of a site specific recombinase expression plasmid, such as a Cre expression plasmid. In addition, one telomere region of the YAC can also be retrofitted with a selectable marker, such as a selectable marker described herein or known in the art. The human Ig genes or fragments thereof within the MAC of the intermediary mammalian cell can then be transferred to an ungulate cell, such as a fibroblast.
  • Alternatively, the AC, such as a YAC, harboring the human Ig genes or fragments thereof can contain site specific recombinase target sites optionally located near each telomere. The YAC can first be circularized via application of the appropriate site specific recombinase and then inserted into an ungulate cell directly that contains its own site specific recombinase target site within it genome. Alternatively, the ungulate cell can harbor its own MAC, which contains a site specific recombinase target site. In this embodiment, the YAC can be inserted directly into the endogenous genome of the ungulate cell. In particular embodiments, the ungulate cell can be a fibroblast cell or any other suitable cell that can be used for nuclear transfer. See, for example, FIG. 7; Call et al., Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Jul. 22; 9(12):1745-51.
  • In other embodiments, methods to circularize at least 100 kb of DNA are provided wherein the DNA can then be integrated into a host genome via a site specific recombinase. In one embodiment, at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 kb of DNA can be circularized. In another embodiment, at least 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, or 20,000 megabases of DNA can be circularized. In one embodiment, the circularization of the DNA can be accomplished by attaching site specific recombinase target sites at each end of the DNA sequence and then applying the site specific recombinase to result in circularization of the DNA. In one embodiment, the site specific recombinase target site can be lox. In another embodiment, the site specific recombinase target site can be Flt. In certain embodiments, the DNA can be an artificial chromosome, such as a YAC or any AC described herein or known in the art. In another embodiment, the AC can contain human immunoglobulin loci or fragments thereof.
  • In another preferred embodiment, the YAC can be converted to, or integrated within, an artificial mammalian chromosome. The mammalian artificial chromosome is either transferred to or harbored within a porcine cell. The artificial chromosome can be introduced within the porcine genome through any method known in the art including but not limited to direct injection of metaphase chromosomes, lipid mediated gene transfer, or microcell fusion.
  • Site-specific recombinases include enzymes or recombinases that recognize and bind to a short nucleic acid site or sequence-specific recombinase target site, i.e., a recombinase recognition site, and catalyze the recombination of nucleic acid in relation to these sites. These enzymes include recombinases, transposases and integrases. Examples of sequence-specific recombinase target sites include, but are not limited to, lox sites, att sites, dif sites and frt sites. Non-limiting examples of site-specific recombinases include, but are not limited to, bacteriophage P1 Cre recombinase, yeast FLP recombinase, Inti integrase, bacteriophage λ, phi 80, P22, P2, 186, and P4 recombinase, Tn3 resolvase, the Hin recombinase, and the Cin recombinase, E. coli xerC and xerD recombinases, Bacillus thuringiensis recombinase, TpnI and the β-lactamase transposons, and the immunoglobulin recombinases.
  • In one embodiment, the recombination site can be a lox site that is recognized by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1. Lox sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the cre gene of bacteriophage P1, the Cre recombinase, can catalyze a site-specific recombination event. A variety of lox sites are known in the art, including the naturally occurring loxP, loxB, loxL and loxR, as well as a number of mutant, or variant, lox sites, such as loxP511, loxP514, lox.DELTA.86, lox.DELTA.117, loxC2, loxP2, loxP3 and lox P23. Additional example of lox sites include, but are not limited to, loxB, loxL, loxR, loxP, loxP3, loxP23, loxΔ86, loxΔ117, loxP511, and loxC2.
  • In another embodiment, the recombination site is a recombination site that is recognized by a recombinases other than Cre. In one embodiment, the recombinase site can be the FRT sites recognized by FLP recombinase of the 2 pi plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FRT sites refer to a nucleotide sequence at which the product of the FLP gene of the yeast 2 micron plasmid, FLP recombinase, can catalyze site-specific recombination. Additional examples of the non-Cre recombinases include, but are not limited to, site-specific recombinases include: att sites recognized by the Int recombinase of bacteriophage λ (e.g. att1, att2, att3, attP, attB, attL, and attR), the recombination sites recognized by the resolvase family, and the recombination site recognized by transposase of Bacillus thruingiensis.
  • IV. Production of Genetically Modified Animals
  • In additional aspects of the present invention, ungulates that contain the genetic modifications described herein can be produced by any method known to one skilled in the art. Such methods include, but are not limited to: nuclear transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, modification of zygotes directly and sperm mediated gene transfer.
  • In another embodiment, a method to clone such animals, for example, pigs, includes: enucleating an oocyte, fusing the oocyte with a donor nucleus from a cell in which at least one allele of at least one immunoglobulin gene has been inactivated, and implanting the nuclear transfer-derived embryo into a surrogate mother.
  • Alternatively, a method is provided for producing viable animals that lack any expression of functional immunoglobulin by inactivating both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene in embryonic stem cells, which can then be used to produce offspring.
  • In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing viable animals, such as pigs, in which both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene have been rendered inactive. In one embodiment, the animals are produced by cloning using a donor nucleus from a cell in which both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene have been inactivated. In one embodiment, both alleles of the immunoglobulin gene are inactivated via a genetic targeting event.
  • Genetically altered animals that can be created by modifying zygotes directly. For mammals, the modified zygotes can be then introduced into the uterus of a pseudopregnant female capable of carrying the animal to term. For example, if whole animals lacking an immunoglobulin gene are desired, then embryonic stem cells derived from that animal can be targeted and later introduced into blastocysts for growing the modified cells into chimeric animals. For embryonic stem cells, either an embryonic stem cell line or freshly obtained stem cells can be used.
  • In a suitable embodiment of the invention, the totipotent cells are embryonic stem (ES) cells. The isolation of ES cells from blastocysts, the establishing of ES cell lines and their subsequent cultivation are carried out by conventional methods as described, for example, by Doetchmann et al., J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 87:27-45 (1985); Li et al., Cell 69:915-926 (1992); Robertson, E. J. “Tetracarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach,” ed. E. J. Robertson, IRL Press, Oxford, England (1987); Wurst and Joyner, “Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach,” ed. A. L. Joyner, IRL Press, Oxford, England (1993); Hogen et al., “Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual,” eds. Hogan, Beddington, Costantini and Lacy, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York (1994); and Wang et al., Nature 336:741-744 (1992). In another suitable embodiment of the invention, the totipotent cells are embryonic germ (EG) cells. Embryonic Germ cells are undifferentiated cells functionally equivalent to ES cells, that is they can be cultured and transfected in vitro, then contribute to somatic and germ cell lineages of a chimera (Stewart et al., Dev. Biol. 161:626-628 (1994)). EG cells are derived by culture of primordial germ cells, the progenitors of the gametes, with a combination of growth factors: leukemia inhibitory factor, steel factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (Matsui et al., Cell 70:841-847 (1992); Resnick et al., Nature 359:550-551 (1992)). The cultivation of EG cells can be carried out using methods described in the article by Donovan et al., “Transgenic Animals, Generation and Use,” Ed. L. M. Houdebine, Harwood Academic Publishers (1997), and in the original literature cited therein.
  • Tetraploid blastocysts for use in the invention may be obtained by natural zygote production and development, or by known methods by electrofusion of two-cell embryos and subsequently cultured as described, for example, by James et al., Genet. Res. Camb. 60:185-194 (1992); Nagy and Rossant, “Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach,” ed. A. L. Joyner, IRL Press, Oxford, England (1993); or by Kubiak and Tarkowski, Exp. Cell Res. 157:561-566 (1985).
  • The introduction of the ES cells or EG cells into the blastocysts can be carried out by any method known in the art. A suitable method for the purposes of the present invention is the microinjection method as described by Wang et al., EMBO J. 10:2437-2450 (1991).
  • Alternatively, by modified embryonic stem cells transgenic animals can be produced. The genetically modified embryonic stem cells can be injected into a blastocyst and then brought to term in a female host mammal in accordance with conventional techniques. Heterozygous progeny can then be screened for the presence of the alteration at the site of the target locus, using techniques such as PCR or Southern blotting. After mating with a wild-type host of the same species, the resulting chimeric progeny can then be cross-mated to achieve homozygous hosts.
  • After transforming embryonic stem cells with the targeting vector to alter the immunoglobulin gene, the cells can be plated onto a feeder layer in an appropriate medium, e.g., fetal bovine serum enhanced DMEM. Cells containing the construct can be detected by employing a selective medium, and after sufficient time for colonies to grow, colonies can be picked and analyzed for the occurrence of homologous recombination. Polymerase chain reaction can be used, with primers within and without the construct sequence but at the target locus. Those colonies which show homologous recombination can then be used for embryo manipulating and blastocyst injection. Blastocysts can be obtained from superovulated females. The embryonic stem cells can then be trypsinized and the modified cells added to a droplet containing the blastocysts. At least one of the modified embryonic stem cells can be injected into the blastocoel of the blastocyst. After injection, at least one of the blastocysts can be returned to each uterine horn of pseudopregnant females. Females are then allowed to go to term and the resulting litters screened for mutant cells having the construct. The blastocysts are selected for different parentage from the transformed ES cells. By providing for a different phenotype of the blastocyst and the ES cells, chimeric progeny can be readily detected, and then genotyping can be conducted to probe for the presence of the modified immunoglobulin gene.
  • In other embodiments, sperm mediated gene transfer can be used to produce the genetically modified ungulates described herein. The methods and compositions described herein to either eliminate expression of endogenous immunoglobulin genes or insert xenogenous immunoglobulin genes can be used to genetically modify the sperm cells via any technique described herein or known in the art. The genetically modified sperm can then be used to impregnate a female recipient via artificial insemination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection or any other known technique. In one embodiment, the sperm and/or sperm head can be incubated with the exogenous nucleic acid for a sufficient time period. Sufficient time periods include, for example, about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, typically about 45 seconds to about 3 minutes, more typically about 1 minute to about 2 minutes. In particular embodiments, the expression of xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin genes in ungulates as described herein, can be accomplished via intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
  • The potential use of sperm cells as vectors for gene transfer was first suggested by Brackett et al., Proc., Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:353-357 (1971). This was followed by reports of the production of transgenic mice and pigs after in vitro fertilization of oocytes with sperm that had been incubated by naked DNA (see, for example, Lavitrano et al., Cell 57:717-723 (1989) and Gandolfi et al. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Abstract Series 4, 10 (1989)), although other laboratories were not able to repeat these experiments (see, for example, Brinster et al. Cell 59:239-241 (1989) and Gavora et al., Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71:287-291 (1991)). Since then, there have been several reports of successful sperm mediated gene transfer in chicken (see, for example, Nakanishi and Iritani, Mol. Reprod. Dev. 36:258-261 (1993)); mice (see, for example, Maione, Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:406 (1998)); and pigs (see, for example, Lavitrano et al. Transplant. Proc. 29:3508-3509 (1997); Lavitrano et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:14230-5 (2002); Lavitrano et al., Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64-284-91 (2003)). Similar techniques are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,743; issued Apr. 23, 2002; U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 20010044937, published Nov. 22, 2001, and 20020108132, published Aug. 8, 2002.
  • In other embodiments, intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used to produce the genetically modified ungulates described herein. This can be accomplished by co-inserting an exogenous nucleic acid and a sperm into the cytoplasm of an unfertilized oocyte to form a transgenic fertilized oocyte, and allowing the transgenic fertilized oocyte to develop into a transgenic embryo and, if desired, into a live offspring. The sperm can be a membrane-disrupted sperm head or a demembranated sperm head. The co-insertion step can include the substep of preincubating the sperm with the exogenous nucleic acid for a sufficient time period, for example, about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, typically about 45 seconds to about 3 minutes, more typically about 1 minute to about 2 minutes. The co-insertion of the sperm and exogenous nucleic acid into the oocyte can be via microinjection. The exogenous nucleic acid mixed with the sperm can contain more than one transgene, to produce an embryo that is transgenic for more than one transgene as described herein. The intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be accomplished by any technique known in the art, see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,743. In particular embodiments, the expression of xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin genes in ungulates as described herein, can be accomplished via intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
  • Any additional technique known in the art may be used to introduce the transgene into animals. Such techniques include, but are not limited to pronuclear microinjection (see, for example, Hoppe, P. C. and Wagner, T. E., 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,191); retrovirus mediated gene transfer into germ lines (see, for example, Van der Putten et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 82:6148-6152); gene targeting in embryonic stem cells (see, for example, Thompson et al., 1989, Cell 56:313-321; Wheeler, M. B., 1994, WO 94/26884); electroporation of embryos (see, for example, Lo, 1983, Mol Cell. Biol. 3:1803-1814); cell gun; transfection; transduction; retroviral infection; adenoviral infection; adenoviral-associated infection; liposome-mediated gene transfer; naked DNA transfer; and sperm-mediated gene transfer (see, for example, Lavitrano et al., 1989, Cell 57:717-723); etc. For a review of such techniques, see, for example, Gordon, 1989, Transgenic Animals, Intl. Rev. Cytol. 115:171-229. In particular embodiments, the expression of xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin genes in ungulates as described herein, can be accomplished via these techniques.
  • Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer to Produce Cloned, Transgenic Offspring
  • In a further aspect of the present invention, ungulate, such as porcine or bovine, cells lacking one allele, optionally both alleles of an ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene can be used as donor cells for nuclear transfer into recipient cells to produce cloned, transgenic animals. Alternatively, ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene knockouts can be created in embryonic stem cells, which are then used to produce offspring. Offspring lacking a single allele of a functional ungulate heavy chain, kappa light chain and/or lambda light chain gene produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein can be breed to further produce offspring lacking functionality in both alleles through mendelian type inheritance.
  • In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing viable pigs that lack any expression of functional alpha-1,3-GT by breeding a male pig heterozygous for the alpha-1,3-GT gene with a female pig heterozygous for the alpha-1,3-GT gene. In one embodiment, the pigs are heterozygous due to the genetic modification of one allele of the alpha-1,3-GT gene to prevent expression of that allele. In another embodiment, the pigs are heterozygous due to the presence of a point mutation in one allele of the alpha-1,3-GT gene. In another embodiment, the point mutation can be a T-to-G point mutation at the second base of exon 9 of the alpha-1,3-GT gene. In one specific embodiment, a method to produce a porcine animal that lacks any expression of functional alpha-1,3-GT is provided wherein a male pig that contains a T-to-G point mutation at the second base of exon 9 of the alpha-1,3-GT gene is bred with a female pig that contains a T-to-G point mutation at the second base of exon 9 of the alpha-1,3-GT gene, or vise versa.
  • The present invention provides a method for cloning an animal, such as a pig, lacking a functional immunoglobulin gene via somatic cell nuclear transfer. In general, the animal can be produced by a nuclear transfer process comprising the following steps: obtaining desired differentiated cells to be used as a source of donor nuclei; obtaining oocytes from the animal; enucleating said oocytes; transferring the desired differentiated cell or cell nucleus into the enucleated oocyte, e.g., by fusion or injection, to form NT units; activating the resultant NT unit; and transferring said cultured NT unit to a host animal such that the NT unit develops into a fetus.
  • Nuclear transfer techniques or nuclear transplantation techniques are known in the art(Dai et al. Nature Biotechnology 20:251-255; Polejaeva et al Nature 407:86-90 (2000); Campbell et al, Theriogenology, 43:181 (1995); Collas et al, Mol. Report Dev., 38:264-267 (1994); Keefer et al, Biol. Reprod., 50:935-939 (1994); Sims et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 90:6143-6147 (1993); WO 94/26884; WO 94/24274, and WO 90/03432, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,944,384 and 5,057,420).
  • A donor cell nucleus, which has been modified to alter the immunoglobulin gene, is transferred to a recipient oocyte. The use of this method is not restricted to a particular donor cell type. The donor cell can be as described herein, see also, for example, Wilmut et al Nature 385 810 (1997); Campbell et al Nature 380 64-66 (1996); Dai et al., Nature Biotechnology 20:251-255, 2002 or Cibelli et al Science 280 1256-1258 (1998). All cells of normal karyotype, including embryonic, fetal and adult somatic cells which can be used successfully in nuclear transfer can be employed. Fetal fibroblasts are a particularly useful class of donor cells. Generally suitable methods of nuclear transfer are described in Campbell et al Theriogenology 43 181 (1995), Dai et al. Nature Biotechnology 20:251-255, Polejaeva et al Nature 407:86-90 (2000), Collas et al Mol. Reprod. Dev. 38 264-267 (1994), Keefer et al Biol. Reprod. 50 935-939 (1994), Sims et al Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 90 6143-6147 (1993), WO-A-9426884, WO-A-9424274, WO-A-9807841, WO-A-9003432, U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,384 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,420. Differentiated or at least partially differentiated donor cells can also be used. Donor cells can also be, but do not have to be, in culture and can be quiescent. Nuclear donor cells which are quiescent are cells which can be induced to enter quiescence or exist in a quiescent state in vivo. Prior art methods have also used embryonic cell types in cloning procedures (Campbell et al (Nature, 380:64-68, 1996) and Stice et al (Biol. Reprod., 20 54:100-110, 1996).
  • Somatic nuclear donor cells may be obtained from a variety of different organs and tissues such as, but not limited to, skin, mesenchyme, lung, pancreas, heart, intestine, stomach, bladder, blood vessels, kidney, urethra, reproductive organs, and a disaggregated preparation of a whole or part of an embryo, fetus, or adult animal. In a suitable embodiment of the invention, nuclear donor cells are selected from the group consisting of epithelial cells, fibroblast cells, neural cells, keratinocytes, hematopoietic cells, melanocytes, chondrocytes, lymphocytes (B and T), macrophages, monocytes, mononuclear cells, cardiac muscle cells, other muscle cells, extended cells, cumulus cells, epidermal cells or endothelial cells. In another embodiment, the nuclear donor cell is an embryonic stem cell. In a particular embodiment, fibroblast cells can be used as donor cells.
  • In another embodiment of the invention, the nuclear donor cells of the invention are germ cells of an animal. Any germ cell of an animal species in the embryonic, fetal, or adult stage may be used as a nuclear donor cell. In a suitable embodiment, the nuclear donor cell is an embryonic germ cell.
  • Nuclear donor cells may be arrested in any phase of the cell cycle (G0, G1, G2, S, M) so as to ensure coordination with the acceptor cell. Any method known in the art may be used to manipulate the cell cycle phase. Methods to control the cell cycle phase include, but are not limited to, G0 quiescence induced by contact inhibition of cultured cells, G0 quiescence induced by removal of serum or other essential nutrient, G0 quiescence induced by senescence, G0 quiescence induced by addition of a specific growth factor; G0 or G1 quiescence induced by physical or chemical means such as heat shock, hyperbaric pressure or other treatment with a chemical, hormone, growth factor or other substance; S-phase control via treatment with a chemical agent which interferes with any point of the replication procedure; M-phase control via selection using fluorescence activated cell sorting, mitotic shake off, treatment with microtubule disrupting agents or any chemical which disrupts progression in mitosis (see also Freshney, R. I., “Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique,” Alan R. Liss, Inc, New York (1983).
  • Methods for isolation of oocytes are well known in the art. Essentially, this can comprise isolating oocytes from the ovaries or reproductive tract of an animal. A readily available source of oocytes is slaughterhouse materials. For the combination of techniques such as genetic engineering, nuclear transfer and cloning, oocytes must generally be matured in vitro before these cells can be used as recipient cells for nuclear transfer, and before they can be fertilized by the sperm cell to develop into an embryo. This process generally requires collecting immature (prophase I) oocytes from mammalian ovaries, e.g., bovine ovaries obtained at a slaughterhouse, and maturing the oocytes in a maturation medium prior to fertilization or enucleation until the oocyte attains the metaphase II stage, which in the case of bovine oocytes generally occurs about 18-24 hours post-aspiration. This period of time is known as the “maturation period”. In certain embodiments, the oocyte is obtained from a gilt. A “gilt” is a female pig that has never had offspring. In other embodiments, the oocyte is obtained from a sow. A “sow” is a female pig that has previously produced offspring.
  • A metaphase II stage oocyte can be the recipient oocyte, at this stage it is believed that the oocyte can be or is sufficiently “activated” to treat the introduced nucleus as it does a fertilizing sperm. Metaphase II stage oocytes, which have been matured in vivo have been successfully used in nuclear transfer techniques. Essentially, mature metaphase II oocytes can be collected surgically from either non-superovulated or superovulated animal 35 to 48, or 39-41, hours past the onset of estrus or past the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or similar hormone. The oocyte can be placed in an appropriate medium, such as a hyaluronidase solution.
  • After a fixed time maturation period, which ranges from about 10 to 40 hours, about 16-18 hours, about 40-42 hours or about 39-41 hours, the oocytes can be enucleated. Prior to enucleation the oocytes can be removed and placed in appropriate medium, such as HECM containing 1 milligram per milliliter of hyaluronidase prior to removal of cumulus cells. The stripped oocytes can then be screened for polar bodies, and the selected metaphase II oocytes, as determined by the presence of polar bodies, are then used for nuclear transfer. Enucleation follows.
  • Enucleation can be performed by known methods, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,384. For example, metaphase II oocytes can be placed in either HECM, optionally containing 7.5 micrograms per milliliter cytochalasin B, for immediate enucleation, or can be placed in a suitable medium, for example an embryo culture medium such as CR1aa, plus 10% estrus cow serum, and then enucleated later, such as not more than 24 hours later, or not more than 16-18 hours later.
  • Enucleation can be accomplished microsurgically using a micropipette to remove the polar body and the adjacent cytoplasm. The oocytes can then be screened to identify those of which have been successfully enucleated. One way to screen the oocytes is to stain the oocytes with 1 microgram per milliliter 33342 Hoechst dye in HECM, and then view the oocytes under ultraviolet irradiation for less than 10 seconds. The oocytes that have been successfully enucleated can then be placed in a suitable culture medium, for example, CR1aa plus 10% serum.
  • A single mammalian cell of the same species as the enucleated oocyte can then be transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated oocyte used to produce the NT unit. The mammalian cell and the enucleated oocyte can be used to produce NT units according to methods known in the art. For example, the cells can be fused by electrofusion. Electrofusion is accomplished by providing a pulse of electricity that is sufficient to cause a transient breakdown of the plasma membrane. This breakdown of the plasma membrane is very short because the membrane reforms rapidly. Thus, if two adjacent membranes are induced to breakdown and upon reformation the lipid bilayers intermingle, small channels can open between the two cells. Due to the thermodynamic instability of such a small opening, it enlarges until the two cells become one. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,997,384 by Prather et al. A variety of electrofusion media can be used including, for example, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol and phosphate buffered solution. Fusion can also be accomplished using Sendai virus as a fusogenic agent (Graham, Wister Inot. Symp. Monogr., 9, 19, 1969). Also, the nucleus can be injected directly into the oocyte rather than using electroporation fusion. See, for example, Collas and Barnes, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 38:264-267 (1994). After fusion, the resultant fused NT units are then placed in a suitable medium until activation, for example, CR1aa medium. Typically activation can be effected shortly thereafter, for example less than 24 hours later, or about 4-9 hours later, or optimally 1-2 hours after fusion. In a particular embodiment, activation occurs at least one hour post fusion and at 40-41 hours post maturation.
  • The NT unit can be activated by known methods. Such methods include, for example, culturing the NT unit at sub-physiological temperature, in essence by applying a cold, or actually cool temperature shock to the NT unit. This can be most conveniently done by culturing the NT unit at room temperature, which is cold relative to the physiological temperature conditions to which embryos are normally exposed. Alternatively, activation can be achieved by application of known activation agents. For example, penetration of oocytes by sperm during fertilization has been shown to activate prefusion oocytes to yield greater numbers of viable pregnancies and multiple genetically identical calves after nuclear transfer. Also, treatments such as electrical and chemical shock can be used to activate NT embryos after fusion. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,720, to Susko-Parrish et al. Fusion and activation can be induced by application of an AC pulse of 5 V for 5 s followed by two DC pulses of 1.5 kV/cm for 60 μs each using an ECM2001 Electrocell Manipulator (BTX Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Additionally, activation can be effected by simultaneously or sequentially by increasing levels of divalent cations in the oocyte, and reducing phosphorylation of cellular proteins in the oocyte. This can generally be effected by introducing divalent cations into the oocyte cytoplasm, e.g., magnesium, strontium, barium or calcium, e.g., in the form of an ionophore. Other methods of increasing divalent cation levels include the use of electric shock, treatment with ethanol and treatment with caged chelators. Phosphorylation can be reduced by known methods, for example, by the addition of kinase inhibitors, e.g., serine-threonine kinase inhibitors, such as 6-dimethyl-aminopurine, staurosporine, 2-aminopurine, and sphingosine. Alternatively, phosphorylation of cellular proteins can be inhibited by introduction of a phosphatase into the oocyte, e.g., phosphatase 2A and phosphatase 2B.
  • The activated NT units, or “fused embryos”, can then be cultured in a suitable in vitro culture medium until the generation of cell colonies. Culture media suitable for culturing and maturation of embryos are well known in the art. Examples of known media, which can be used for embryo culture and maintenance, include Ham's F-10+10% fetal calf serum (FCS), Tissue Culture Medium-199 (TCM-199)+10% fetal calf serum, Tyrodes-Albumin-Lactate-Pyruvate (TALP), Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), Eagle's and Whitten's media, and, in one specific example, the activated NT units can be cultured in NCSU-23 medium for about 1-4 h at approximately 38.6° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2.
  • Afterward, the cultured NT unit or units can be washed and then placed in a suitable media contained in well plates which can contain a suitable confluent feeder layer. Suitable feeder layers include, by way of example, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. The NT units are cultured on the feeder layer until the NT units reach a size suitable for transferring to a recipient female, or for obtaining cells which can be used to produce cell colonies. These NT units can be cultured until at least about 2 to 400 cells, about 4 to 128 cells, or at least about 50 cells.
  • Activated NT units can then be transferred (embryo transfers), zero(0)-144 hours post activation, to the oviduct of an female pigs. In one embodiment, the female pigs can be an estrus-synchronized recipient gilt. Crossbred gilts (large white/Duroc/Landrace) (280-400 lbs) can be used. The gilts can be synchronized as recipient animals by oral administration of 18-20 mg Regu-Mate (Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.) mixed into the feed. Regu-Mate can be fed for 14 consecutive days. One thousand units of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG, Intervet America, Millsboro, Del.) can then be administered i.m. about 105 h after the last Regu-Mate treatment. Embryo transfers can then be performed about 22-26 h after the hCG injection. In one embodiment, the pregnancy can be brought to term and result in the birth of live offspring. In another embodiment, the pregnancy can be terminated early and embryonic cells can be harvested.
  • Breeding for Desired Homozygous Knockout Animals
  • In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing viable animals that lack any expression of a functional immunoglobulin gene is provided by breeding a male heterozygous for the immunoglobulin gene with a female heterozygous for the immunoglobulin gene. In one embodiment, the animals are heterozygous due to the genetic modification of one allele of the immunoglobulin gene to prevent expression of that allele. In another embodiment, the animals are heterozygous due to the presence of a point mutation in one allele of the alpha-immunoglobulin gene. In further embodiments, such heterozygous knockouts can be bred with an ungulate that expresses xenogenous immunoglobulin, such as human. In one embodiment, a animal can be obtained by breeding a transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of at least one allele of an endogenous immunoglobulin wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain or any combination thereof with an ungulate that expresses an xenogenous immunoglobulin. In another embodiment, a animal can be obtained by breeding a transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of one allele of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain with an ungulate that expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin. In a further embodiment, an animal can be obtained by breeding a transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of one allele of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain and expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin with another transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of one allele of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain with an ungulate and expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin to produce a homozygous transgenic ungulate that lacks expression of both alleles of heavy chain, kappa light chain and lambda light chain and expresses an xenogenous, such as human, immunoglobulin. Methods to produce such animals are also provided.
  • In one embodiment, sexually mature animals produced from nuclear transfer from donor cells that carrying a homozygous knockout in the immunoglobulin gene, can be bred and their offspring tested for the homozygous knockout. These homozygous knockout animals can then be bred to produce more animals.
  • In another embodiment, oocytes from a sexually mature homozygous knockout animal can be in vitro fertilized using wild type sperm from two genetically diverse pig lines and the embryos implanted into suitable surrogates. Offspring from these matings can be tested for the presence of the knockout, for example, they can be tested by cDNA sequencing, and/or PCR. Then, at sexual maturity, animals from each of these litters can be mated. In certain methods according to this aspect of the invention, pregnancies can be terminated early so that fetal fibroblasts can be isolated and further characterized phenotypically and/or genotypically. Fibroblasts that lack expression of the immunoglobulin gene can then be used for nuclear transfer according to the methods described herein to produce multiple pregnancies and offspring carrying the desired homozygous knockout.
  • Additional Genetic Modifications
  • In other embodiments, animals or cells lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, can contain additional genetic modifications to eliminate the expression of xenoantigens. The additional genetic modifications can be made by further genetically modifying cells obtained from the transgenic cells and animals described herein or by breeding the animals described herein with animals that have been further genetically modified. Such animals can be modified to eliminate the expression of at least one allele of the alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene, the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase gene (see, for example, U.S. Ser. No. 10/863,116), the iGb3 synthase gene (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application 60/517,524), and/or the Forssman synthase gene (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application 60/568,922). In additional embodiments, the animals discloses herein can also contain genetic modifications to express fucosyltransferase, sialyltransferase and/or any member of the family of glucosyltransferases. To achieve these additional genetic modifications, in one embodiment, cells can be modified to contain multiple genetic modifications. In other embodiments, animals can be bred together to achieve multiple genetic modifications. In one specific embodiment, animals, such as pigs, lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the process, sequences and/or constructs described herein, can be bred with animals, such as pigs, lacking expression of alpha-1,3-galactosyl transferase (for example, as described in WO 04/028243).
  • In another embodiment, the expression of additional genes responsible for xenograft rejection can be eliminated or reduced. Such genes include, but are not limited to the CMP-NEUAc Hydroxylase Gene, the isoGloboside 3 Synthase gene, and the Forssman synthase gene. In addition, genes or cDNA encoding complement related proteins, which are responsible for the suppression of complement mediated lysis can also be expressed in the animals and tissues of the present invention. Such genes include, but are not limited to CD59, DAF, MCP and CD46 (see, for example, WO 99/53042; Chen et al. Xenotransplantation, Volume 6 Issue 3 Page 194-August 1999, which describes pigs that express CD59/DAF transgenes; Costa C et al, Xenotransplantation. 2002 January; 9(1):45-57, which describes transgenic pigs that express human CD59 and H-transferase; Zhao L et al.; Diamond L E et al. Transplantation. 2001 Jan. 15; 71(1):132-42, which describes a human CD46 transgenic pigs.
  • Additional modifications can include expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), heparin, antithrombin, hirudin, TFPI, tick anticoagulant peptide, or a snake venom factor, such as described in WO 98/42850 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,316, entitled “Anticoagulant fusion protein anchored to cell membrane”; or compounds, such as antibodies, which down-regulate the expression of a cell adhesion molecule by the cells, such as described in WO 00/31126, entitled “Suppression of xenograft rejection by down regulation of a cell adhesion molecules” and compounds in which co-stimulation by signal 2 is prevented, such as by administration to the organ recipient of a soluble form of CTLA-4 from the xenogeneic donor organism, for example as described in WO 99/57266, entitled “Immunosuppression by blocking T cell co-stimulation signal 2 (B7/CD28 interaction)”.
  • In one embodiment, the animals or cells lacking expression of functional immunoglobulin, produced according to the present invention, can be further modified to transgenically express a cytoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4-immunoglobin (CTLA4). The animals or cells can be modified to express CTLA4 peptide or a biologically active fragment (e.g., extracellular domain, truncated form of the peptide in which at least the transmembrane domain has been removed) or derivative thereof. The peptide may be, e.g., human or porcine. The CTLA4 peptide can be mutated. Mutated peptides may have higher affinity than wildtype for porcine and/or human B7 molecules. In one specific embodiment, the mutated CTLA4 can be CTLA4 (Glu104, Tyr29). The CTLA4 peptide can be modified such that it is expressed intracellularly. Other modifications of the CTLA4 peptide include addition of a golgi retention signal to the N or C terminus. The golgi retention signal may be, e.g., the sequence KDEL. The CTLA4 peptide can be fused to a peptide dimerization domain or an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule. The CTLA4 fusion peptides can include a linker sequence that can join the two peptides.
  • Certain aspects of the invention are described in greater detail in the non-limiting Examples that follow.
  • EXAMPLES Example 1 Porcine Heavy Chain Targeting and Generation of Porcine Animals that Lack Expression of Heavy Chain
  • A portion of the porcine Ig heavy-chain locus was isolated from a 3× redundant porcine BAC library. In general, BAC libraries can be generated by fragmenting pig total genomic DNA, which can then be used to derive a BAC library representing at least three times the genome of the whole animal. BACs that contain porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin can then be selected through hybridization of probes selective for porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin as described herein.
  • Sequence from a clone (Seq ID 1) was used to generate a primer complementary to a portion of the J-region (the primer is represented by Seq ID No. 2). Separately, a primer was designed that was complementary to a portion of Ig heavy-chain mu constant region (the primer is represented by Seq ID No. 3). These primers were used to amplify a fragment of porcine Ig heavy-chain (represented by Seq ID No. 4) that led the functional joining region (J-region) and sufficient flanking region to design and build a targeting vector. To maintain this fragment and subclones of this fragment in a native state, the E. coli (Stable 2, Invitrogen cat #1026-019) that harbored these fragments was maintained at 30° C. Regions of Seq. ID No. 4 were subcloned and used to assemble a targeting vector as shown in Seq. ID No. 5. This vector was transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts that were subsequently subjected to selection with G418. Resulting colonies were screened by PCR to detect potential targeting events (Seq ID No. 6 and Seq ID No. 7, 5′ screen primers; and Seq ID No. 8 and Seq ID No. 9, 3′ screen primers). See FIG. 1 for a schematic illustrating the targeting. Targeting was confirmed by southern blotting. Piglets were generated by nuclear transfer using the targeted fetal fibroblasts as nuclear donors.
  • Nuclear Transfer.
  • The targeted fetal fibroblasts were used as nuclear donor cells. Nuclear transfer was performed by methods that are well known in the art (see, e.g., Dai et al., Nature Biotechnology 20: 251-255, 2002; and Polejaeva et al., Nature 407:86-90, 2000).
  • Enucleation of in vitro-matured oocytes (BoMed, Madison, Wis.; TransOva Genetics, Sioux City, Iowa) was begun between 40 and 42 hours post-maturation as described in Polejaeva, I. A., et al. (Nature 407, 86-90 (2000)). For enucleation, we incubated the oocytes in calcium-free phosphate-buffered NCSU-23 medium containing 5 μg ml−1 cytochalasin B (Sigma) and 7.5 μg ml−1 Hoechst 33342 (Sigma) at 38° C. for 20 min. A small amount of cytoplasm from directly beneath the first polar body was then aspirated using an 18 μM glass pipette (Humagen, Charlottesville, Va.). We exposed the aspirated karyoplast to ultraviolet light to confirm the presence of a metaphase plate.
  • For nuclear transfer, a single fibroblast cell was placed under the zona pellucida in contact with each enucleated oocyte. Fusion and activation were induced by application of an AC pulse of 5 V for 5 s followed by two DC pulses of 1.5 kV/cm for 60 μs each using an ECM2001 Electrocell Manipulator (BTX Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Fused embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 1-4 h at 38.6° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2, and then transferred to the oviduct of an estrus-synchronized recipient gilt. Crossbred gilts (large white/Duroc/landrace) (280-400 lbs) were synchronized as recipients by oral administration of 18-20 mg Regu-Mate (Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.) mixed into their feed. Regu-Mate was fed for 14 consecutive days. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1,000 units; Intervet America, Millsboro, Del.) was administered intra-muscularly 105 h after the last Regu-Mate treatment. Embryo transfers were done 22-26 h after the hCG injection.
  • Nuclear transfer produced 18 healthy piglets from four litters. These animals have one functional wild-type Ig heavy-chain locus and one disrupted Ig heavy chain locus.
    Seq ID 2: primer from ggccagacttcctcggaacagctca
    Butler subclone to am-
    plify J to C heavychain
    (637Xba5′)
    Seq ID 3: primer for C ttccaggagaaggtgacggagct
    to amplify J to C heavy-
    chain (JM1L)
    Seq ID 6: heavychain 5′ tctagaagacgctggagagaggccag
    primer for 5′ screen
    (HCKOXba5′2)
    Seq ID 7: heavychain 3′ taaagcgcatgctccagactgcctt
    primer for 5′ screen
    (5′arm5′)
    Seq ID 8: heavychain 5′ catcgccttctatcgccttctt
    primer for 3′ screen
    (NEO4425)
    Seq ID 9: heavychain 3′ Aagtacttgccgcctctcagga
    primer for 3′ screen
    (650 + CA)
  • Southern blot analysis of cell and pig tissue samples. Cells or tissue samples were lysed overnight at 60° C. in lysis buffer (10mM Tris, pH 7.5, 10 mM EDTA, 10 mM NaCl, 0.5% (w/v) Sarcosyl, 1 mg/ml proteinase K) and the DNA precipitated with ethanol. The DNA was then digested with NcoI or XbaI, depending on the probe to be used, and separated on a 1% agarose gel. After electrophoresis, the DNA was transferred to a nylon membrane and probed with digoxigenin-labeled probe (SEQ ID No 41 for NcoI digest, SEQ ID No 40 for XbaI digest). Bands were detected using a chemiluminescent substrate system (Roche Molecular Biochemicals).
    Probes for Heavy Chain Southern:
    HC J Probe (used with Xba I digest)
    (Seq ID No 40)
    CTCTGCACTCACTACCGCCGGACGCGCACTGCCGTGCTGCCCATGGACCA
    CGCTGGGGAGGGGTGAGCGGACAGCACGTTAGGAAGTGTGTGTGTGCGCG
    TGGGTGCAAGTCGAGCCAAGGCCAAGATCCAGGGGCTGGGCCCTGTGCCC
    AGAGGAGAATGGCAGGTGGAGTGTAGCTGGATTGAAAGGTGGCCTGAAGG
    GTGGGGCATCCTGTTTGGAGGCTCACTCTCAGCCCCAGGGTCTCTGGTTC
    CTGCCGGGGTGGGGGGCGCAAGGTGCCTACCACACCCTGCTAGCCCCTCG
    TCCAGTCCCGGGCCTGCCTCTTCACCACGGAAGAGGATAAGCCAGGCTGC
    AGGCTTCATGTGCGCCGTGGAGAACCCAGTTCGGCCCTTGGAGG
    HC Mu Probe (used with NcoI digest)
    (Seq ID No 41)
    GGCTGAAGTCTGAGGCCTGGCAGATGAGCTTGGACGTGCGCTGGGGAGTA
    CTGGAGAAGGACTCCCGGGTGGGGACGAAGATGTTCAAGACGGGGGGCTG
    CTCCTCTACGACTGCAGGCAGGAACGGGGCGTCACTGTGCCGGCGGCACC
    CGGCCCCGCCCCCGCCACAGCCACAGGGGGAGCCCAGCTCACCTGGCCCA
    GAGATGGACACGGACTTGGTGCCACTGGGGTGCTGGACCTCGCACACCAG
    GAAGGCCTCTGGGTCCTGGGGGATGCTCACAGAGGGTAGGAGCACCCGGG
    AGGAGGCCAAGTACTTGCCGCCTCTCAGGACGG
  • Example 2 Porcine Kappa Light Chain Targeting and Generation of Porcine Lacking Expression of Kappa Light Chain
  • A portion of the porcine Ig kappa-chain locus was isolated from a 3× redundant porcine BAC library. In general, BAC libraries can be generated by fragmenting pig total genomic DNA, which can then be used to derive a BAC library representing at least three times the genome of the whole animal. BACs that contain porcine kappa chain immunoglobulin can then be selected through hybridization of probes selective for porcine kappa chain immunoglobulin as described herein.
  • A fragment of porcine Ig light-chain kappa was amplified using a primer complementary to a portion of the J-region (the primer is represented by Seq ID No. 10) and a primer complementary to a region of kappa C-region (represented by Seq ID No.11). The resulting amplimer was cloned into a plasmid vector and maintained in Stable2 cells at 30° C. (Seq ID No. 12). See FIG. 2 for a schematic illustration.
  • Separately, a fragment of porcine Ig light-chain kappa was amplified using a primer complementary to a portion of the C-region (Seq ID No. 13) and a primer complementary to a region of the kappa enhancer region (Seq ID No. 14). The resulting amplimer was fragmented by restriction enzymes and DNA fragments that were produced were cloned, maintained in Stable2 cells at 30 degrees C. and sequenced. As a result of this sequencing, two non-overlapping contigs were assembled (Seq ID No. 15, 5′ portion of amplimer; and Seq ID No. 16, 3′ portion of amplimer). Sequence from the downstream contig (Seq ID No. 16) was used to design a set of primers (Seq ID No. 17 and Seq ID No. 18) that were used to amplify a contiguous fragment near the enhancer (Seq ID No. 19). A subclone of each Seq ID No. 12 and Seq ID No. 19 were used to build a targeting vector (Seq ID No. 20). This vector was transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts that were subsequently subjected to selection with G418. Resulting colonies were screened by PCR to detect potential targeting events (Seq ID No. 21 and Seq ID No. 22, 5′ screen primers; and Seq ID No. 23 and Seq Id No 43, 3′ screen primers, and Seq ID No. 24 and Seq Id No 24, endogenous screen primers). Targeting was confirmed by southern blotting. Southern blot strategy design was facilitated by cloning additional kappa sequence, it corresponds to the template for germline kappa transcript (Seq ID No. 25). Fetal pigs were generated by nuclear transfer.
  • Nuclear Transfer.
  • The targeted fetal fibroblasts were used as nuclear donor cells. Nuclear transfer was performed by methods that are well known in the art (see, e.g., Dai et al., Nature Biotechnology 20: 251-255, 2002; and Polejaeva et al., Nature 407:86-90, 2000).
  • Oocytes were collected 46-54 h after the hCG injection by reverse flush of the oviducts using pre-warmed Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA; 4 g−1) (as described in Polejaeva, I. A., et al. (Nature 407, 86-90 (2000)). Enucleation of in vitro-matured oocytes (BoMed, Madison, Wis.) was begun between 40 and 42 hours post-maturation as described in Polejaeva, I. A., et al. (Nature 407, 86-90 (2000)). Recovered oocytes were washed in PBS containing 4 gl−1 BSA at 38° C., and transferred to calcium-free phosphate-buffered NCSU-23 medium at 38° C. for transport to the laboratory. For enucleation, we incubated the oocytes in calcium-free phosphate-buffered NCSU-23 medium containing 5 μg ml−1 cytochalasin B (Sigma) and 7.5 μg ml−1 Hoechst 33342 (Sigma) at 38° C. for 20 min. A small amount of cytoplasm from directly beneath the first polar body was then aspirated using an 18 μM glass pipette (Humagen, Charlottesville, Va.). We exposed the aspirated karyoplast to ultraviolet light to confirm the presence of a metaphase plate.
  • For nuclear transfer, a single fibroblast cell was placed under the zona pellucida in contact with each enucleated oocyte. Fusion and activation were induced by application of an AC pulse of 5 V for 5 s followed by two DC pulses of 1.5 kV/cm for 60 μs each using an ECM2001 Electrocell Manipulator (BTX Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Fused embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 1-4 h at 38.6° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2, and then transferred to the oviduct of an estrus-synchronized recipient gilt. Crossbred gilts (large white/Duroc/landrace) (280-400 lbs) were synchronized as recipients by oral administration of 18-20 mg Regu-Mate (Altrenogest, Hoechst, Warren, N.J.) mixed into their feed. Regu-Mate was fed for 14 consecutive days. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1,000 units; Intervet America, Millsboro, Del.) was administered intra-muscularly 105 h after the last Regu-Mate treatment. Embryo transfers were done 22-26 h after the hCG injection.
  • Nuclear transfer using kappa targeted cells produced 33 healthy pigs from 5 litters. These pigs have one functional wild-type allele of porcine Ig light-chain kappa and one disrupted Ig light-chain kappa allele.
    Seq ID 10: kappa J to C caaggaqaccaagctggaactc
    5′ primer (kjc5′1)
    Seq ID 11: kappa J to C tgatcaagcacaccacagagacag
    3′ primer (kjc3′2)
    Seq ID 13: 5′ primer for gatgccaagccatccgtcttcatc
    Kappa C to E (porKCS1)
    Seq ID 14: 3′ primer for tgaccaaagcagtgtgacggttgc
    Kappa C to E (porKCA1)
    Seq ID 17: kappa 5′ ggatcaaacacgcatcctcatggac
    primer for amplification
    of enhancer region
    (K3′arm1S)
    Seq ID 18: kappa 3′ ggtgattggggcatggttgagg
    primer for amplification
    of enhancer region
    (K3′arm1A)
    Seq ID 21: kappa screen, cgaacccctgtgtatatagtt
    5′ primer, 5′
    (kappa5armS)
    Seq ID 22: kappa screen, gagatgaggaagaggagaaca
    3′ primer, 5′
    (kappaNeoA)
    Seq ID 23: kappa screen, gcattgtctgagtaggtgtcatt
    5′ primer, 3′
    (kappaNeoS)
    Seq ID 24: kappa screen, cgcttcttgcagggaacacgat
    3′ primer, 5′
    (kappa5armProbe3′)
    Seq ID No 43, Kappa GTCTTTGGTTTTTGCTGAGGGTT
    screen, 3′ primer
    (kappa3armA2)
  • Southern blot analysis of cell and pig tissue samples. Cells or tissue samples were lysed overnight at 60° C. in lysis buffer (10mM Tris, pH 7.5, 10 mM EDTA, 10 mM NaCl, 0.5% (w/v) Sarcosyl, 1 mg/ml proteinase K) and the DNA precipitated with ethanol. The DNA was then digested with SacI and separated on a 1% agarose gel. After electrophoresis, the DNA was transferred to a nylon membrane and probed with digoxigenin-labeled probe (SEQ ID No 42). Bands were detected using a chemiluminescent substrate system (Roche Molecular Biochemicals).
    Probe for Kappa Southern:
    Kappa5ArmProbe 5′/3′
    (SEQ ID No 42)
    gaagtgaagccagccagttcctcctgggcaggtggccaaaattacagttg
    acccctcctggtctggctgaaccttgccccatatggtgacagccatctgg
    ccagggcccaggtctccctctgaagcctttgggaggagagggagagtggc
    tggcccgatcacagatgcggaaggggctgactcctcaaccggggtgcaga
    ctctgcagggtgggtctgggcccaacacacccaaagcacgcccaggaagg
    aaaggcagcttggtatcactgcccagagctaggagaggcaccgggaaaat
    gatctgtccaagacccgttcttgcttctaaactccgagggggtcagatga
    agtggttttgtttcttggcctgaagcatcgtgttccctgcaagaagcgg
  • Example 3 Characterization of the Porcine Lambda Gene Locus
  • To disrupt or disable porcine lambda, a targeting strategy has been devised that allows for the removal or disruption of the region of the lambda locus that includes a concatamer of J to C expression cassettes. BAC clones that contain portions of the porcine genome can be generated. A portion of the porcine Ig lambda-chain locus was isolated from a 3× redundant porcine BAC library. In general, BAC libraries can be generated by fragmenting pig total genomic DNA, which can then be used to derive a BAC library representing at least three times the genome of the whole animal. BACs that contain porcine lambda chain immunoglobulin can then be selected through hybridization of probes selective for porcine lambda chain immunoglobulin as described herein.
  • BAC clones containing a lambda J-C flanking region (see FIG. 3), can be independently fragmented and subcloned into a plasmid vector. Individual subdlones have been screened by PCR for the presence of a portion of the J to C intron. We have cloned several of these cassettes by amplifying from one C region to the next C region. This amplification was accomplished by using primers that are oriented to allow divergent extension within any one C region (Seq ID 26 and Seq ID 27). To obtain successful amplification, the extended products converge with extended products originated from adjacent C regions (as opposed to the same C region). This strategy produces primarily amplimers that extend from one C to the adjacent C. However, some amplimers are the result of amplification across the adjacent C and into the next C which lies beyond the adjacent C. These multi-gene amplimers contain a portion of a C, both the J and C region of the next J-C unit, the J region of the third J-C unit, and a portion of the C region of the third J-C unit. Seq ID 28 is one such amplimer and represents sequence that must be removed or disrupted.
  • Other porcine lambda sequences that have been cloned include: Seq ID No. 32, which includes 5′ flanking sequence to the first lambda J/C unit of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence; Seq ID No. 33, which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, from approximately 200 base pairs downstream of lambda J/C; Seq ID No. 34, which includes 3′ flanking sequence to the J/C cluster region of the porcine lambda light chain genomic sequence, approximately 11.8 Kb downstream of the J/C cluster region, near the enhancer; Seq ID No. 35, which includes approximately 12 Kb downstream of lambda, including the enhancer region; Seq ID No. 36, which includes approximately 17.6 Kb downstream of lambda; Seq ID No. 37, which includes approximately 19.1 Kb downstream of lambda; Seq ID No. 38, which includes approximately 21.3 Kb downstream of lambda; and Seq ID No. 39, which includes approximately 27 Kb downstream of lambda.
    Seq ID 26: 5′ primer for ccttcctcctgcacctgtcaac
    lambda C to C amplimer
    (lamC5′)
    Seq ID 27: 3′ primer for tagacacaccagggtggccttg
    lambda C to C amplimer
    (lamC3′)
  • Example 4 Production of Targeting Vectors for the Lambda Gene
  • Following a first targeting strategy, shown in FIG. 4, a vector is designed and built with one targeting arm that is homologous to a region upstream of J1 (i.e., the first J/C unit or sequence) and the other arm homologous to a region that is downstream of the last C (i.e., the last J/C unit or sequence) This targeting vector utilizes a selectable marker (SM).
  • Seq ID No. 48 represents one example of a vector used in the first targeting strategy. Seq ID No. 48 is a lambda light chain knockout vector which includes both 5′ and 3′ homology arms and Neo resistance factor.
    Seq ID GCAAAAGGCCAGGAACCGTAAAAAGGCCGCGTTGCTGGCGTTTT
    No. 48 TCCATAGGCTCCGCCCCCCTGACGAGCATCACAAAAATCGACGC
    TCAAGTCAGAGGTGGCGAAACCCGACAGGACTATAAAGATACCA
    GGCGTTTCCCCCTGGAAGCTCCCTCGTGCGCTCTCCTGTTCCGA
    CCCTGCCGCTTACCGGATACCTGTCCGCCTTTCTCCCTTCGGGA
    AGCGTGGCGCTTTCTCAATGCTCACGCTGTAGGTATCTCAGTTC
    GGTGTAGGTCGTTCGCTCCAAGCTGGGCTGTGTGCACGAACCCC
    CCGTTCAGCCCGACCGCTGCGCCTTATCCGGTAACTATCGTCTT
    GAGTCCAACCCGGTAAGACACGACTTATCGCCACTGGCAGCAGC
    CACTGGTAACAGGATTAGCAGAGCGAGGTATGTAGGCGGTGCTA
    CAGAGTTCTTGAAGTGGTGGCCTAACTACGGCTACACTAGAAGG
    ACAGTATTTGGTATCTGCGCTCTGCTGAAGCCAGTTACCTTCGG
    AAAAAGAGTTGGTAGCTCTTGATCCGGCAAACAAACCACCGCTG
    GTAGCGGTGGTTTTTTTGTTTGCAAGCAGCAGATTACGCGCAGA
    AAAAAAGGATCTCAAGAAGATCCTTTGATCTTTTCTACGGGGTC
    TGACGCTCAGTGGAACGAAAACTCACGTTAAGGGATTTTGGTCA
    TGAGATTATCAAAAAGGATCTTCACCTAGATCCTTTTAAATTAA
    AAATGAAGTTTTAAATCAATCTAAAGTATATATGAGTAAACTTG
    GTCTGACAGTTACCAATGCTTAATCAGTGAGGCACCTATCTCAG
    CGATCTGTCTATTTCGTTCATCCATAGTTGCCTGACTCCCCGTC
    GTGTAGATAACTACGATACGGGAGGGCTTACCATCTGGCCCCAG
    TGCTGCAATGATACCGCGAGACCCACGCTCACCGGCTCCAGATT
    TATCAGCAATAAACCAGCCAGCCGGAAGGGCCGAGCGCAGAAGT
    GGTCCTGCAACTTTATCCGCCTCCATCCAGTCTATTAATTGTTG
    CCGGGAAGCTAGAGTAAGTAGTTCGCCAGTTAATAGTTTGCGCA
    ACGTTGTTGCCATTGCTACAGGCATCGTGGTGTCACGCTCGTCG
    TTTGGTATGGCTTCATTCAGCTCCGGTTCCCAACGATCAAGGCG
    AGTTACATGATCCCCCATGTTGTGCAAAAAAGCGGTTAGCTCCT
    TCGGTCCTCCGATCGTTGTCAGAAGTAAGTTGGCCGCAGTGTTA
    TCACTCATGGTTATGGCAGCACTGCATAATTCTCTTACTGTCAT
    GCCATCCGTAAGATGCTTTTCTGTGACTGGTGAGTACTCAACCA
    AGTCATTCTGAGAATAGTGTATGCGGCGACCGAGTTGCTCTTGC
    CCGGCGTCAATACGGGATAATACCGCGCCACATAGCAGAACTTT
    AAAAGTGCTCATCATTGGAAAACGTTCTTCGGGGCGAAAACTCT
    CAAGGATCTTACCGCTGTTGAGATCCAGTTCGATGTAACCCACT
    CGTGCACCCAACTGATCTTCAGCATCTTTTACTTTCACCAGCGT
    TTCTGGGTGAGCAAAAACAGGAAGGCAAAATGCCGCAAAAAAGG
    GAATAAGGGCGACACGGAAATGTTGAATACTCATACTCTTCCTT
    TTTCAATATTATTGAAGCATTTATCAGGGTTATTGTCTCATGAG
    CGGATACATATTTGAATGTATTTAGAAAAATAAACAAATAGGGG
    TTCCGCGCACATTTCCCCGAAAAGTGCCACCTGACGTCAAACAG
    CTATGACCATGGCGGCCGCgtcgacAGGGTGTGGCCAAATACAG
    CATGGAGTAGCCATCATAAGGAATCTTACACAAGCCTCCAAAAT
    TGTGTTTCTGAAATTGGGTTTAAAGTACGTTTGCATTTTAAAAA
    GCCTGCCAGAAAATACAGAAAAATGTCTGTGATATGTCTCTGGC
    TGATAGGATTTTGCTTAGTTTTAATTTTGGCTTTATAATTTTCT
    ATAGTTATGAAAATGTTCACAAGAAGATATATTTCATTTTAGCT
    TCTAAAATAATTATAACACAGAAGTAATTTGTGCTTTAAAAAAA
    TATTCAACACAGAAGTATATAAAGTAAAAATTGAGGAGTTCCCA
    TCGTGGCTCAGTGATTAACAAACCCAACTAGTATCCATGAGGAT
    ATGGATTTGATCCCTGGCCTTGCTCAGTGGGTTGAGGATCCAGT
    GTTGCTGTGAGCTGTGGTGTAGGTTGCAGACACAGCACTCTGGC
    GTTGCTGTGACTCTGGCGTAGGCCGGCAGCTACAGCTCCATTTG
    GACCCTTAGCCTGGGAACCTCCATATGCCTGAGATACGGCCCTA
    AAAAGTCAAAAGCCAAAAAAATAGTAAAAATTGAGTGTTTCTAC
    TTACCACCCCTGCCCACATCTTATGCTAAAACCCGTTCTCCAGA
    GACAAACATCGTCAGGTGGGTCTATATATTTCCAGCCCTCCTCC
    TGTGTGTGTATGTCCGTAAAACACACACACACACACACACACGC
    ACACACACACACACGTATCTAATTAGCATTGGTATTAGTTTTTC
    AAAAGGGAGGTCATGCTCTACCTTTTAGGCGGCAAATAGATTAT
    TTAAACAAATCTGTTGACATTTTCTATATCAACCCATAAGATCT
    CCCATGTTCTTGGAAAGGCTTTGTAAGACATCAACATCTGGGTA
    AACCAGCATGGTTTTTAGGGGGTTGTGTGGATTTTTTTCATATT
    TTTTAGGGCACACCTGCAGCATATGGAGGTTCCCAGGCTAGGGG
    TTGAATCAGAGCTGTAGCTGCCGGCCTACACCACAGCCACAGCA
    ACGCCAGATCCTTAACCCACTGAGAAAGGCCAGGGATTGAACCT
    GCATCCTCATGGATGCTGGTCAGATTTATTTCTGCTGAGCCACA
    ACAGGAACTCCCTGAACCAGAATGCTTTTAACCATTCCACTTTG
    CATGGACATTTAGATTGTTTCCATTTAAAAATACAAATTACAAG
    GAGTTCCCGTCGTGGCTCAGTGGTAACGAATTGGACTAGGAACC
    ATGAGGTTTCGGGTTCGATCCCTGGCCTTGCTCGGTGGGTTAAG
    GATCCAGCATTGATGTGAGATATGGTGTAGGTCGCAGACGTGGC
    TCGGATCCCACGTTGCTGTGGCTCTGGCGTAGGCCGGCAACAAC
    AGCTCCGATTCGACCCCTAGCCTGGGAACCTCCATGTGCCACAG
    GAGCAGCCCTAGAAAAGGCAAAAAGACAAAAAAATAAAAAATTA
    AAATGAAAAAATAAAATAAAAATACAAATTACAAGAGACGGCTA
    CAAGGAAATCCCCAAGTGTGTGCAAATGCCATATATGTATAAAA
    TGTACTAGTGTCTCCTCGCGGGAAAGTTGCCTAAAAGTGGGTTG
    GCTGGACAGAGAGGACAGGCTTTGACATTCTCATAGGTAGTAGC
    AATGGGCTTCTCAAAATGCTGTTCCAGTTTACACTCACCATAGC
    AAATGACAGTGCCTCTTCCTCTCCACCCTTGCCAATAATGTGAC
    AGGTGGATCTTTTTCTATTTTGTGTATCTGACAAGCAAAAAATG
    AGAACAGGAGTTCCTGTCGTGGTGCAGTGGAGACAAATCTGACT
    AGGAACCATGAAATTTCGGGTTCAATCCCTGGCCTCACTCAGTA
    GGTAAAGGATCCAGGGTTGCAGTGAGCTGTGGGGTAGGTCGCAG
    ACACAGTGCAAATTTGGCCCTGTTGTGGCTGTGGTGTAGGCCGG
    CAGCTATAGCTCCAATTGGACCCCTAGCCTGGGAACCTCCTTAT
    GCCGTGGGTGAGGCCCTAAAAAAAAGAGTGCAAAAAAAAAAAAT
    AAGAACAAAAATGATCATCGTTTAATTCTTTATTTGATCATTGG
    TGAAACTTATTTTCCTTTTATATTTTTATTGACTGATTTTATTT
    CTCCTATGAATTTACCGGTCATAGTTTTGCCTGGGTGTTTTTAC
    TCCGGTTTTAGTTTTGGTTGGTTGTATTTTCTTAGAGAGCTATA
    GAAACTCTTCATCTATTTGGAATAGTAATTCCTCATTAAGTATT
    TGTGCTGCAAAAAATTTTCCCTGATCTGTTTTATGCTTTTGTTT
    GTGGGGTCTTTCACGAGAAAGCCTTTTTAGTTTTTACACCTCAG
    CTTGGTTGTTTTTCTTGATTGTGTCTGTAATCTGCGGCCAACAT
    AGGAAACACATTTTTACTTTAGTGTTTTTTTCCTATTTTCTTCA
    AGTACGTCCATTGTTTTGGTGTCTGATTTTACTTTGCCTGGGGT
    TTGTTTTTGTGTGGCAGGAATATAAACTTATGTATTTTCCAAAT
    GGAGAGCCAATGGTTGTATATTTGTTGAATTCAAATGCAACTTT
    ATCAAACACCAAATCATCGATTTATCACAACTCTTCTCTGGTTT
    ATTGATCTAATGATCAATTCCTGTTCCACGCTGTTTTAATTATT
    TTAGCTTTGTGGATTTTGGTGCCTGGTAGAGAACAAAGCCTCCA
    TTATTTTCATTCAAAATAGTCCCGTCTATTATCTGCCATTGTTG
    TAGTATTAGACTTTAAAATCAATTTACTGATTTTCAAAAGTTAT
    TCCTTTGGTGATGTGGAATACTTTATACTTCATAAGGTACATGG
    ATTCATTTGTGGGGAATTGATGTCTTTGCTATTGTGGCCATTTG
    TCAAGTTGTGTAATATTTTACCCATGCCAACTTTGCATATTGTA
    TGTGAGTTTATTCCCAGGGTTTTTAATAGGATGTTTATTGAAGT
    TGTCAGTGTTTCCACAATTTCATCGCCTCAGTGCTTACTGTTTG
    CATAAAAGGAAACCTACTCACTTTTGCCTATTGCTCTTGTATTC
    AATCATTTTAGTTAACTCTTGTGTTAATTTTGAGAGTTTTTCAG
    CTGACTGTCTGGGGTTTTCTTTAATAGACTAGCCCTTTGTCTGT
    AAAGAATAATTTTATCGAATTTTTCTTAACACTCACACTCTCCC
    CACCCCCACCCCCGCTCATCTCCTTTCATTGGGTCAAATCTGTA
    GAATACAATAAAAGTAAGAGTGGGAACCTTAGCCTTTAAGTCGA
    TTTTGCCTTTAAATGTGAATGTTGCTATGTTTCGGGACATTCTC
    TTTATCAAGTTGCGGATGTTTCCTTAGATAATTAACTTAATAAA
    AGACTGGATGTTTGCTTTCTTCAAATCAGAATTGTGTTGAATTT
    ATATTGCTATTCTGTTTAATTTTGTTTCAAAAAATTTACATGCA
    CACCTTAAAGATAACCATGACCAAATAGTCCTCCTGCTGAGAGA
    AAATGTTGGCCCCAATGCCACAGGTTACCTCCCGACTCAGATAA
    ACTACAATGGGAGATAAAATCAGATTTGGCAAAGCCTGTGGATT
    CTTGCCATAACTCTCAGAGCATGACTTGGGTGTTTTTTCCTTTT
    CTAAGTATTTTAATGGTATTTTTGTGTTACAATAGGAAATCTAG
    GACACAGAGAGTGATTCAATGAGGGGAACGCATTCTGGGATGAC
    TCTAGGCCTCTGGTTTGGGGAGAGCTCTATTGAAGTAAAGACAA
    TGAGAGGAAGCAAGTTTGCAGGGAACTGTGAGGAATTTAGATGG
    GGAATGTTGGGTTTGAGGTTTCTATAGGGCACGCAAGCAGAGAT
    GCACTCAGGAGGAAGAAGGAGCATAAATCTAGAGGCAAAAAGAG
    AGGTCAGGACTGGAAATAGAGATGCGAGACACCAGGGTGGCAGT
    CAGAGAGCACAGTGTGGGTCAGAAGACAGTGGAAGAACACAAGG
    GACAGAGAGGGATCTCCAACTTCACTGGGATGAGGGCCTTGTTG
    GCCTTGACCTGAGAGATTTCCAGGAGTTGAGGGTGGGAAGGAGc
    cgcggTCTAGGAAGCTTTCTAGGGTACCTCTAGGGATCCGAACA
    ATGGAAGTCCGAGCTCATCGCTAATAACTTCGTATAGCATACAT
    TATACGAAGTTATATTCGATGCGGCCGCAAGGGGTTCGCGTCAG
    CGGGTGTTGGCGGGTGTCGGGGCTGGCTTAACTATGCGGCATCA
    GAGCAGagatccCGGCGCGCCCTACCGGGTAGGGGAGGCGCTTT
    TCCCAAGGCAGTCTGGAGCATGCGCTTTAGCAGCCCCGCTGGGC
    ACTTGGCGCTACACAAGTGGCCTCTGGCCTCGCACACATTCCAC
    ATCCACCGGTAGGCGCCAACCGGCTCCGTTCTTTGGTGGCCCCT
    TCGCGCCACCTTCTACTCCTCCCCTAGTCAGGAAGTTCCCCCCC
    GCCCCGCAGCTCGCGTCGTGCAGGACGTGACAAATGGAAGTAGC
    ACGTCTCACTAGTCTCGTGCAGATGGACAGCACCGCTGAGCAAT
    GGAAGCGGGTAGGCCTTTGGGGCAGCGGCCAATAGCAGCTTTGG
    CTCCTTCGCTTTCTGGGCTCAGAGGCTGGGAAGGGGTGGGTCCG
    GGGGCGGGCTCAGGGGCGGGCTCAGGGGCGGGGCGGGCGCCCGA
    AGGTCCTCCGGAAGCCCGGCATTCTGCACGCTTCAAAAGCGCAC
    GTCTGCCGCGCTGTTCTCCTCTTCCTCATCTCCGGGCCTTTCGA
    CCTGCAGCCAATATGGGATCGGCCATTGAACAAGATGGATTGCA
    CGCAGGTTCTCCGGCCGCTTGGGTGGAGAGGCTATTCGGCTATG
    ACTGGGCACAACAGACAATCGGCTGCTCTGATGCCGCCGTGTTC
    CGGCTGTCAGCGCAGGGGCGCCCGGTTCTTTTTGTCAAGACCGA
    CCTGTCCGGTGCCCTGAATGAACTGCAGGACGAGGCAGCGCGGC
    TATCGTGGCTGGCCACGACGGGCGTTCCTTGCGCAGCTGTGCTC
    GACGTTGTCACTGAAGCGGGAAGGGACTGGCTGCTATTGGGCGA
    AGTGCCGGGGCAGGATCTCCTGTCATCTCACCTTGCTCCTGCCG
    AGAAAGTATCCATCATGGCTGATGCAATGCGGCGGCTGCATACG
    CTTGATCCGGCTACCTGCCCATTCGACCACCAAGCGAAACATCG
    CATCGAGCGAGCACGTACTCGGATGGAAGCCGGTCTTGTCAATC
    AGGATGATCTGGACGAAGAGCATCAGGGGCTCGCGCCAGCCGAA
    CTGTTCGCCAGGCTCAAGGCGCGCATGCCCGACGGCGAGGATCT
    CGTCGTGACCCATGGCGATGCCTGCTTGCCGAATATCATGGTGG
    AAAATGGCCGCTTTTCTGGATTCATCGACTGTGGCCGGCTGGGT
    GTGGCGGATCGCTATCAGGACATAGCGTTGGCTACCCGTGATAT
    TGCTGAAGAGCTTGGCGGCGAATGGGCTGACCGCTTCCTCGTGC
    TTTACGGTATCGCCGCTCCCGATTCGCAGCGCATCGCCTTCTAT
    CGCCTTCTTGACGAGTTCTTCTGAGGGGATCAATTCtctagtGA
    ACAATGGAAGTCCGAGCTCATCGCTAATAACTTCGTATAGCATA
    CATTATACGAAGTTATATTCGATGCGGCCGCAAGGGGTTCGCGT
    CAGCGGGTGTTGGCGGGTGTCGGGGCTGGCTTAACTATGCGGCA
    TCAGAGCAGtctagaGCTCGCTGATCAGCCTCGACTGTGCCTTC
    TAGTTGCCAGCCATCTGTTGTTTGCCCCTCCCCCGTGCCTTCCT
    TGACCCTGGAAGGTGCCACTCCCACTGTCCTTTCCTAATAAAAT
    GAGGAAATTGCATCGCATTGTCTGAGTAGGTGTCATTCTATTCT
    GGGGGGTGGGGTGGGGCAGGACAGCAAGGGGGAGGATTGGGAAG
    ACAATAGCAGGCATGCTGGGGATGCGGTGGGCTCTATGGCTTCT
    GAGGCGGAAAGAACCAGCTGGGGGCGCGCCCctcgagGGGAAGG
    TATCTCCCAGGAAACTGGCCAGGACACATTGGTCCTCCGCCCTC
    CCCTTCCTCCCACTCCTCCTCCAGACAGGACTGTGCCCACCCCC
    TGCCACCTTTCTGGCCAGAACTGTCCATGGCAGGTGACCTTCAC
    ATGAGCCCTTCCTCCCTGCCTGCCCTAGTGGGACCCTCCATACC
    TCCCCCTGGACCCCGTTGTCCTTTCTTTCCAGTGTGGCCCTGAG
    CATAACTGATGCCATCATGGGCTGCTGACCCACCCGGGACTGTG
    TTGTGCAGTGAGTCACTTCTCTGTCATCAGGGCTTTGTAATTGA
    TAGATAGTGTTTCATCATCATTAGGACCGGGTGGCCTCTATGCT
    CTGTTAGTCTCCAAACACTGATGAAAACCTTCGTTGGCATAGTC
    CCAGCTTCCTGTTGCCCATCCATAAATCTTGACTTAGGGATGCA
    CATCCTGTCTCCAAGCAACCACCCCTCCCCTAGGCTAACTATAA
    AACTGTCCCAATGGCCCTTGTGTGGTGCAGAGTTCATGCTTCCA
    GATCATTTCTCTGCTAGATCCATATCTCACCTTGTAAGTCATCC
    TATAATAAACTGATCCATTGATTATTTGCTTCTGTTTTTTCCAT
    CTCAAAACAGCTTCTCAGTTCAGTTCGAATTTTTTATTCCCTCC
    ATCCACCCATACTTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGAACCCTTGCCCCCAGT
    CCCATGCCCTTCCTCCCTCTCTGCCCAGCTCAGCACCTGCCCAC
    CCTCACCCTTCCTGTCACTCCCTAGGACTGGACCATCCACTGGG
    GCCAGGACACTCCAGCAGCCTTGGCTTCATGGGCTCTGAAATCC
    ATGGCCCATCTCTATTCCTCACTGGATGGCAGGTTCAGAGATGT
    GAAAGGTCTAGGAGGAAGCCAGGAAGGAAACTGTTGCATGAAAG
    GCCGGCCTGATGGTTCAGTACTTAAATAATATGAGCTCTGAGCT
    CCCCAGGAACCAAAGCATGGAGGGAGTATGTGCCTCAGAATCTC
    TCTGAGATTCAGCAAAGCCTTTGCTAGAGGGAAAATAGTGGCTC
    AACCTTGAGGGCCAGCATCTTGCACCACAGTTAAAAGTGGGTAT
    TTGTTTTACCTGAGGCCTCAGCATTATGGGAACCGGGCTCTGAC
    ACAAACACAGGTGCAGCCCGGCAGCCTCAGAACACAGCAACGAC
    CACAAGCTGGGACAGCTGCCCCTGAACGGGGAGTCCACCATGCT
    TCTGTCTCGGGTACCACCAGGTCACCATCCCTGGGGGAGGTAGT
    TCCATAGCAGTAGTCCCCTGATTTCGCCCCTCGGGCGTGTAGCC
    AGGCAAGCTCCTGCCTCTGGACCCAGGGTGGACCCTTGCTCCCC
    ACTACCCTGCACATGCCAGACAGTCAAGACCACTCCCACCTCTG
    TCTGAGGCCCCCTTGGGTGTCCCAGGGCCCCCGAGCTGTCCTCT
    ACTCATGGTTCTTCCACCTGGGTACAAAAGAGGCGAGGGACACT
    TTTCTCAGGTTTGCGGCTCAGAAAGGTACCTTCCTAGGGTTTGT
    CCACTGGGAGTCACCTCCCTTGCATCTCAATGTCAGTGGGGAAA
    ACTGGGTCCCATGGGGGGATTAGTGCCACTGTGAGGCCCCTGAA
    GTCTGGGGCCTCTAGACACTATGATGATGAGGGATGTGGTGAAA
    AACCCCACCCCAGCCCTTCTTGCCGGGACCCTGGGCTGTGGCTC
    CCCCATTGCACTTGGGGTCAGAGGGGTGGATGGTGGCTATGGTC
    AGGCATGTTTCCCATGAGCTGGGGGCACCCTGGGTGACTTTCTC
    CTGTGAATCCTGAATTAGCAGCTATAACAAATTGCCCAAACTCT
    TAGGCTTAAAACAACACACATTTATTCCTCTGGGTCCCAGGGTC
    AGAAGTCCAAAATGAGTCCTATAGGCTAAATTTGAGGTGTCTCT
    GGGTTGAGCTCCTCCTGGAAGCCTTTTCCAGCCTCTAGAGTCCC
    AAGTCCTTGGCTCTGGGCCCCTCCCTCAAGCTTCAAAGCCACAG
    AAGCTTCTAATCTCTCTCCCTTCCCCTCTGACCTCTGCTCCCAT
    CCTCATACCCTGTCCCCTCACTCTGACCCTCCTGCCTCCCTCTT
    TCCCTTATAAAGACCCTGCATGGGGCCACGGAGATAATCCAGGG
    TAATCGCCCCTCTTCCAGCCCTTAACTCCATCCCATCTGCAAAA
    TCCCTGTCACCCCATAATGGACCTACagatctCCTAGAGTTAAC
    ACTGGCCGTCGTTTTACCGGTCCGTAGTCAGGTTTAGTTCGTCC
    GGCGGCGCCAGAAATCCGCGCGGTGGTTTTTGGGGGTCGGGGGT
    GTTTGGCAGCCACAGACGCCCGGTGTTCGTGTCGCGCCAGTACA
    TGCGGTCCATGCCCAGGCCATCCAAAAACCATGGGTCTGTCTGC
    TCAGTCCAGTCGTGGACTGACCCCACGCAACGCCCAAAATAATA
    ACCCCCACGAACCATAAACCATTCCCCATGGGGGACCCCGTCCC
    TAACCCACGGGGCCCGTGGCTATGGCAGGCCTGCCGCCCGACGT
    TGGCTGCGAGCCCTGGGCCTTCACCCGAACTTGGGGGGTGGGGT
    GGGGAAAAGGAAGAAACGCGGGCGTATTGGCCCCAATGGGGTCT
    CGGTGGGGTATCGACAGAGTGCCAGCCCTGGGACCGAACCCCGC
    GTTTATGAACAAACGACCCAACACCCGTGCGTTTTATTCTGTCT
    TTTTATTGCCGACATAGCGCGGGTTCCTTCCGGTATTGTCTCCT
    TCCGTGTTTCAGTTAGCCTCCCCCATCTCCCGTGCAAACGTGCG
    CGCCAGGTCGCAGATCGTCGGTATGGAGCCTGGGGTGGTGACGT
    GGGTCTGGATCATCCCGGAGGTAAGTTGCAGCAGGGCGTCCCGG
    CAGCCGGCGGGCGATTGGTCGTAATCCAGGATAAAGACGTGCAT
    GGGACGGAGGCGTTTGGCCAAGACGTCCAAGGCCCAGGCAAACA
    CGTTGTACAGGTCGCCGTTGGGGGCCAGCAACTCGGGGGCCCGA
    AACAGGGTAAATAACGTGTCCCCGATATGGGGTCGTGGGCCCGC
    GTTGCTCTGGGGCTCGGCACCCTGGGGCGGCACGGCCGTCCCCG
    AAAGCTGTCCCCAATCCTCCCGCCACGACCCGCCGCCCTGCAGA
    TACCGCACCGTATTGGCAAGCAGCCCGTAAACGCGGCGAATCGC
    GGTCAGCATAGCCAGGTCAAGCCGCTCGCCGGGGCGCTGGCGTT
    TGGCCAGGCGGTCGATGTGTCTGTCCTCCGGAAGGGCCCCCAAC
    ACGATGTTTGTGCCGGGCAAGGTCGGCGGGATGAGGGCCACGAA
    CGCCAGCACGGCCTGGGGGGTCATGCTGCCCATAAGGTATCGCG
    CGGCCGGGTAGCACAGGAGGGCGGCGATGGGATGGCGGTCGAAG
    ATGAGGGTGAGGGCCGGGGGCGGGGCATGTGAGCTCCCAGCCTC
    CCCCCCGATATGAGGAGCCAGAACGGCGTCGGTCACGGTATAAG
    GCATGCCCATTGTTATCTGGGCGCTTGTCATTACCACCGCCGCG
    TCCCCGGCCGATATCTCACCCTGGTCAAGGCGGTGTTGTGTGGT
    GTAGATGTTCGCGATTGTCTCGGAAGCCCCCAGCACCCGCCAGT
    AAGTCATCGGCTCGGGTACGTAGACGATATCGTCGCGCGAACCC
    AGGGCCACCAGCAGTTGCGTGGTGGTGGTTTTCCCCATCCCGTG
    GGGACCGTCTATATAAACCCGCAGTAGCGTGGGCATTTTCTGCT
    CCGGGCGGACTTCCGTGGCTTCTTGCTGCCGGCGAGGGCGCAAC
    GCCGTACGTCGGTTGCTATGGCCGCGAGAACGCGCAGCCTGGTC
    GAACGCAGACGCGTGCTGATGGCCGGGGTACGAAGCCATACGCG
    CTTCTACAAGGCGCTGGCCGAAGAGGTGCGGGAGTTTCACGCCA
    CCAAGATGTGCGGCACGCTGTTGACGCTGTTAAGCGGGTCGCTG
    CAGGGTCGCTCGGTGTTCGAGGCCACACGCGTCACCTTAATATG
    CGAAGTGGACCTGGGACCGCGCCGCCCCGACTGCATCTGCGTGT
    TCCAATTCGCCAATGACAAGACGCTGGGCGGGGTTTGCTCGACA
    TTGGGTGGAAACATTCCAGGCCTGGGTGGAGAGGCTTTTTGCTT
    CCTCTTGCAAAACCACACTGCTCGACATTGGGTGGAAACATTCC
    AGGCCTGGGTGGAGAGGCTTTTTGCTTCCTCTTGAAAACCACAC
    TGCTCGACTCTACGGTCCG
  • Seq ID No. 49 is a lambda light chain 5′ arm sequence
    Seq ID AGGGTGTGGCCAAATACAGCATGGAGTAGCCATCATAAGGAATC
    No. 49 TTACACAAGCCTCCAAAATTGTGTTTCTGAAATTGGGTTTAAAG
    TACGTTTGCATTTTAAAAAGCCTGCCAGAAAATACAGAAAAATG
    TCTGTGATATGTCTCTGGCTGATAGGATTTTGCTTAGTTTTAAT
    TTTGGCTTTATAATTTTCTATAGTTATGAAAATGTTCACAAGAA
    GATATATTTCATTTTAGCTTCTAAAATAATTATAACACAGAAGT
    AATTTGTGCTTTAAAAAAATATTCAACACAGAAGTATATAAAGT
    AAAAATTGAGGAGTTCCCATCGTGGCTCAGTGATTAACAAACCC
    AACTAGTATCCATGAGGATATGGATTTGATCCCTGGCCTTGCTC
    AGTGGGTTGAGGATCCAGTGTTGCTGTGAGCTGTGGTGTAGGTT
    GCAGACACAGCACTCTGGCGTTGCTGTGACTCTGGCGTAGGCCG
    GCAGCTACAGCTCCATTTGGACCCTTAGCCTGGGAACCTCCATA
    TGCCTGAGATACGGCCCTAAAAAGTCAAAAGCCAAAAAAATAGT
    AAAAATTGAGTGTTTCTACTTACCACCCCTGCCCACATCTTATG
    CTAAAACCCGTTCTCCAGAGACAAACATCGTCAGGTGGGTCTAT
    ATATTTCCAGCCCTCCTCCTGTGTGTGTATGTCCGTAAAACACA
    CACACACACACACACACGCACACACACACACACGTATCTAATTA
    GCATTGGTATTAGTTTTTCAAAAGGGAGGTCATGCTCTACCTTT
    TAGGCGGCAAATAGATTATTTAAACAAATCTGTTGACATTTTCT
    ATATCAACCCATAAGATCTCCCATGTTCTTGGAAAGGCTTTGTA
    AGACATCAACATCTGGGTAAACCAGCATGGTTTTTAGGGGGTTG
    TGTGGATTTTTTTCATATTTTTTAGGGCACACCTGCAGCATATG
    GAGGTTCCCAGGCTAGGGGTTGAATCAGAGCTGTAGCTGCCGGC
    CTACACCACAGCCACAGCAACGCCAGATCCTTAACCCACTGAGA
    AAGGCCAGGGATTGAACCTGCATCCTCATGGATGCTGGTCAGAT
    TTATTTCTGCTGAGCCACAACAGGAACTCCCTGAACCAGAATGC
    TTTTAACCATTCCACTTTGCATGGACATTTAGATTGTTTCCATT
    TAAAAATACAAATTACAAGGAGTTCCCGTCGTGGCTCAGTGGTA
    ACGAATTGGACTAGGAACCATGAGGTTTCGGGTTCGATCCCTGG
    CCTTGCTCGGTGGGTTAAGGATCCAGCATTGATGTGAGATATGG
    TGTAGGTCGCAGACGTGGCTCGGATCCCACGTTGCTGTGGCTCT
    GGCGTAGGCCGGCAACAACAGCTCCGATTCGACCCCTAGCCTGG
    GAACCTCCATGTGCCACAGGAGCAGCCCTAGAAAAGGCAAAAAG
    ACAAAAAAATAAAAAATTAAAATGAAAAAATAAAATAAAAATAC
    AAATTACAAGAGACGGCTACAAGGAAATCCCCAAGTGTGTGCAA
    ATGCCATATATGTATAAAATGTACTAGTGTCTCCTCGCGGGAAA
    GTTGCCTAAAAGTGGGTTGGCTGGACAGAGAGGACAGGCTTTGA
    CATTCTCATAGGTAGTAGCAATGGGCTTCTCAAAATGCTGTTCC
    AGTTTACACTCACCATAGCAAATGACAGTGCCTCTTCCTCTCCA
    CCCTTGCCAATAATGTGACAGGTGGATCTTTTTCTATTTTGTGT
    ATCTGACAAGCAAAAAATGAGAACAGGAGTTCCTGTCGTGGTGC
    AGTGGAGACAAATCTGACTAGGAACCATGAAATTTCGGGTTCAA
    TCCCTGGCCTCACTCAGTAGGTAAAGGATCCAGGGTTGCAGTGA
    GCTGTGGGGTAGGTCGCAGACACAGTGCAAATTTGGCCCTGTTG
    TGGCTGTGGTGTAGGCCGGCAGCTATAGCTCCAATTGGACCCCT
    AGCCTGGGAACCTCCTTATGCCGTGGGTGAGGCCCTAAAAAAAA
    GAGTGCAAAAAAAAAAAATAAGAACAAAAATGATCATCGTTTAA
    TTCTTTATTTGATCATTGGTGAAACTTATTTTCCTTTTATATTT
    TTATTGACTGATTTTATTTCTCCTATGAATTTACCGGTCATAGT
    TTTGCCTGGGTGTTTTTACTCCGGTTTTAGTTTTGGTTGGTTGT
    ATTTTCTTAGAGAGCTATAGAAACTCTTCATCTATTTGGAATAG
    TAATTCCTCATTAAGTATTTGTGCTGCAAAAAATTTTCCCTGAT
    CTGTTTTATGCTTTTGTTTGTGGGGTCTTTCACGAGAAAGCCTT
    TTTAGTTTTTACACCTCAGCTTGGTTGTTTTTCTTGATTGTGTC
    TGTAATCTGCGGCCAACATAGGAAACACATTTTTACTTTAGTGT
    TTTTTTCCTATTTTCTTCAAGTACGTCCATTGTTTTGGTGTCTG
    ATTTTACTTTGCCTGGGGTTTGTTTTTGTGTGGCAGGAATATAA
    ACTTATGTATTTTCCAAATGGAGAGCCAATGGTTGTATATTTGT
    TGAATTCAAATGCAACTTTATCAAACACCAAATCATCGATTTAT
    CACAACTCTTCTCTGGTTTATTGATCTAATGATCAATTCCTGTT
    CCACGCTGTTTTAATTATTTTAGCTTTGTGGATTTTGGTGCCTG
    GTAGAGAACAAAGCCTCCATTATTTTCATTCAAAATAGTCCCGT
    CTATTATCTGCCATTGTTGTAGTATTAGACTTTAAAATCAATTT
    ACTGATTTTCAAAAGTTATTCCTTTGGTGATGTGGAATACTTTA
    TACTTCATAAGGTACATGGATTCATTTGTGGGGAATTGATGTCT
    TTGCTATTGTGGCCATTTGTCAAGTTGTGTAATATTTTACCCAT
    GCCAACTTTGCATATTGTATGTGAGTTTATTCCCAGGGTTTTTA
    ATAGGATGTTTATTGAAGTTGTCAGTGTTTCCACAATTTCATCG
    CCTCAGTGCTTACTGTTTGCATAAAAGGAAACCTACTCACTTTT
    GCCTATTGCTCTTGTATTCAATCATTTTAGTTAACTCTTGTGTT
    AATTTTGAGAGTTTTTCAGCTGACTGTCTGGGGTTTTCTTTAAT
    AGACTAGCCCTTTGTCTGTAAAGAATAATTTTATCGAATTTTTC
    TTAACACTCACACTCTCCCCACCCCCACCCCCGCTCATCTCCTT
    TCATTGGGTCAAATCTGTAGAATACAATAAAAGTAAGAGTGGGA
    ACCTTAGCCTTTAAGTCGATTTTGCCTTTAAATGTGAATGTTGC
    TATGTTTCGGGACATTCTCTTTATCAAGTTGCGGATGTTTCCTT
    AGATAATTAACTTAATAAAAGACTGGATGTTTGCTTTCTTCAAA
    TCAGAATTGTGTTGAATTTATATTGCTATTCTGTTTAATTTTGT
    TTCAAAAAATTTACATGCACACCTTAAAGATAACCATGACCAAA
    TAGTCCTCCTGCTGAGAGAAAATGTTGGCCCCAATGCCACAGGT
    TACCTCCCGACTCAGATAAACTACAATGGGAGATAAAATCAGAT
    TTGGCAAAGCCTGTGGATTCTTGCCATAACTCTCAGAGCATGAC
    TTGGGTGTTTTTTCCTTTTCTAAGTATTTTAATGGTATTTTTGT
    GTTACAATAGGAAATCTAGGACACAGAGAGTGATTCAATGAGGG
    GAACGCATTCTGGGATGACTCTAGGCCTCTGGTTTGGGGAGAGC
    TCTATTGAAGTAAAGACAATGAGAGGAAGCAAGTTTGCAGGGAA
    CTGTGAGGAATTTAGATGGGGAATGTTGGGTTTGAGGTTTCTAT
    AGGGCACGCAAGCAGAGATGCACTCAGGAGGAAGAAGGAGCATA
    AATCTAGAGGCAAAAAGAGAGGTCAGGACTGGAAATAGAGATGC
    GAGACACCAGGGTGGCAGTCAGAGAGCACAGTGTGGGTCAGAAG
    ACAGTGGAAGAACACAAGGGACAGAGAGGGATCTCCAACTTCAC
    TGGGATGAGGGCCTTGTTGGCCTTGACCTGAGAGATTTCCAGGA
    GTTGAGGGTGGGAAGGAG
  • Seq. ID No. 50 is a lambda 3′ arm sequence
    Seq. ID GGGAAGGTATCTCCCAGGAAACTGGCCAGGACACATTGGTCC
    No. 50 TCCGCCCTCCCCTTCCTCCCACTCCTCCTCCAGACAGGACTG
    TGCCCACCCCCTGCCACCTTTCTGGCCAGAACTGTCCATGGC
    AGGTGACCTTCACATGAGCCCTTCCTCCCTGCCTGCCCTAGT
    GGGACCCTCCATACCTCCCCCTGGACCCCGTTGTCCTTTCTT
    TCCAGTGTGGCCCTGAGCATAACTGATGCCATCATGGGCTGC
    TGACCCACCCGGGACTGTGTTGTGCAGTGAGTCACTTCTCTG
    TCATCAGGGCTTTGTAATTGATAGATAGTGTTTCATCATCAT
    TAGGACCGGGTGGCCTCTATGCTCTGTTAGTCTCCAAACACT
    GATGAAAACCTTCGTTGGCATAGTCCCAGCTTCCTGTTGCCC
    ATCCATAAATCTTGACTTAGGGATGCACATCCTGTCTCCAAG
    CAACCACCCCTCCCCTAGGCTAACTATAAAACTGTCCCAATG
    GCCCTTGTGTGGTGCAGAGTTCATGCTTCCAGATCATTTCTC
    TGCTAGATCCATATCTCACCTTGTAAGTCATCCTATAATAAA
    CTGATCCATTGATTATTTGCTTCTGTTTTTTCCATCTCAAAA
    CAGCTTCTCAGTTCAGTTCGAATTTTTTATTCCCTCCATCCA
    CCCATACTTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGAACCCTTGCCCCCAGTCCC
    ATGCCCTTCCTCCCTCTCTGCCCAGCTCAGCACCTGCCCACC
    CTCACCCTTCCTGTCACTCCCTAGGACTGGACCATCCACTGG
    GGCCAGGACACTCCAGCAGCCTTGGCTTCATGGGCTCTGAAA
    TCCATGGCCCATCTCTATTCCTCACTGGATGGCAGGTTCAGA
    GATGTGAAAGGTCTAGGAGGAAGCCAGGAAGGAAACTGTTGC
    ATGAAAGGCCGGCCTGATGGTTCAGTACTTAAATAATATGAG
    CTCTGAGCTCCCCAGGAACCAAAGCATGGAGGGAGTATGTGC
    CTCAGAATCTCTCTGAGATTCAGCAAAGCCTTTGCTAGAGGG
    AAAATAGTGGCTCAACCTTGAGGGCCAGCATCTTGCACCACA
    GTTAAAAGTGGGTATTTGTTTTACCTGAGGCCTCAGCATTAT
    GGGAACCGGGCTCTGACACAAACACAGGTGCAGCCCGGCAGC
    CTCAGAACACAGCAACGACCACAAGCTGGGACAGCTGCCCCT
    GAACGGGGAGTCCACCATGCTTCTGTCTCGGGTACCACCAGG
    TCACCATCCCTGGGGGAGGTAGTTCCATAGCAGTAGTCCCCT
    GATTTCGCCCCTCGGGCGTGTAGCCAGGCAAGCTCCTGCCTC
    TGGACCCAGGGTGGACCCTTGCTCCCCACTACCCTGCACATG
    CCAGACAGTCAAGACCACTCCCACCTCTGTCTGAGGCCCCCT
    TGGGTGTCCCAGGGCCCCCGAGCTGTCCTCTACTCATGGTTC
    TTCCACCTGGGTACAAAAGAGGCGAGGGACACTTTTCTCAGG
    TTTGCGGCTCAGAAAGGTACCTTCCTAGGGTTTGTCCACTGG
    GAGTCACCTCCCTTGCATCTCAATGTCAGTGGGGAAAACTGG
    GTCCCATGGGGGGATTAGTGCCACTGTGAGGCCCCTGAAGTC
    TGGGGCCTCTAGACACTATGATGATGAGGGATGTGGTGAAAA
    ACCCCACCCCAGCCCTTCTTGCCGGGACCCTGGGCTGTGGCT
    CCCCCATTGCACTTGGGGTCAGAGGGGTGGATGGTGGCTATG
    GTCAGGCATGTTTCCCATGAGCTGGGGGCACCCTGGGTGACT
    TTCTCCTGTGAATCCTGAATTAGCAGCTATAACAAATTGCCC
    AAACTCTTAGGCTTAAAACAACACACATTTATTCCTCTGGGT
    CCCAGGGTCAGAAGTCCAAAATGAGTCCTATAGGCTAAATTT
    GAGGTGTCTCTGGGTTGAGCTCCTCCTGGAAGCCTTTTCCAG
    CCTCTAGAGTCCCAAGTCCTTGGCTCTGGGCCCCTCCCTCAA
    GCTTCAAAGCCACAGAAGCTTCTAATCTCTCTCCCTTCCCCT
    CTGACCTCTGCTCCCATCCTCATACCCTGTCCCCTCACTCTG
    ACCCTCCTGCCTCCCTCTTTCCCTTATAAAGACCCTGCATGG
    GGCCACGGAGATAATCCAGGGTAATCGCCCCTCTTCCAGCCC
    TTAACTCCATCCCATCTGCAAAATCCCTGTCACCCCATAATG
    GACCTAC
  • In a second strategy, the targeting strategy utilizes a vector pair. One targeting vector is designed to target upstream of J1. See FIG. 5. This targeting vector utilizes a selectable marker that can be selected for or against. Any combination of positive and negative selectable markers described herein or known in the art can be used. A fusion gene composed of the coding region of Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK) and the Tn5 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (Neo resistance) genes is used. This fusion gene is flanked by recognition sites for any site specific recombinase (SSRRS) described herein or known in the art, such as lox sites. Upon isolation of targeted cells through the use of G418 selection, Cre is supplied in trans to delete the marker gene (See FIG. 5). Cells that have deleted the marker gene are selected by addition of any drug known in the art that can be metabolized by TK into a toxic product, such as ganciclovir. The resulting genotype is then targeted with a second vector. The second targeting vector (FIG. 6) is designed to target downstream of last C and uses a positive/negative selection system that is flanked on only one side by a specific recombination site (lox). The recombination site is placed distally in relation to the first targeting event. Upon isolation of the targeted genotype, Cre is again supplied in trans to mediate deletion from recombination site provided in the first targeting event to the recombination site delivered in the second targeting event. The entire J to C cluster region will be removed. The appropriate genotype is again selected by administration of ganciclovir.
  • Two vector pairs, i.e., lambda targeting constructs, were designed and built to target the first and last J/C regions and to include site-specific recombination sites. The first vector pair was composed of Seq ID No. 44 (step 1 vector) and Seq ID No. 45 (step 2 vector). The second vector pair was composed of Seq ID No. 46 (step 2 vector) and Seq ID No. 47 (step 1 vector).
  • Overview of Seq ID No. 44 (upstream vector, step 1, double lox):
  • Feature Map
  • CDS (3 total)
      • NEO (+STOP) CDS
        • Start: 3311 End: 4114 (Complementary)
      • TK CDS (from VEC1198)
        • Start: 4118 End: 5251 (Complementary)
      • AP(R)
        • Start: 11732 End: 12589 (Complementary)
        • bla gene-Ap(r) determinant
  • Enhancer (1 total)
      • CMV Enhancer
        • Start: 5779 End: 6199 (Complementary)
  • Misc. Binding Site (2 total)
      • Left Homology Arm
        • Start: 238 End: 2978
      • Right Homology Arm
        • Start: 6269 End: 10600
  • Misc. Feature (5 total)
      • loxP-1
        • Start: 3006 End: 3039
      • HSVTK-polyA
        • Start: 3046 End: 3304 (Complementary)
      • loxP-2
        • Start: 6212 End: 6245
  • Promoter Eukaryotic (1 total)
      • Mus-PGK Promoter (correct)
        • Start: 5264 End: 5772 (Complementary)
  • Replication Origin (2 total)
      • Replication Origin
        • Start: 10921 End: 11509 (Complementary)
          Overview of Seq ID No. 45 (Downstream vector, step 2, single lox
          Feature Map
  • CDS (3 total)
      • NEO (+STOP) CDS
        • Start: 3115 End: 3918 (Complementary)
      • TK CDS (from VEC1198)
        • Start: 3922 End: 5055 (Complementary)
      • AP(R)
        • Start: 11322 End: 12179 (Complementary)
        • bla gene-Ap(r) determinant
  • Enhancer (1 total)
      • CMV Enhancer
        • Start: 5583 End: 6003 (Complementary)
  • Misc. Binding Site (2 total)
      • Left Homology Arm
        • Start: 222 End: 2774
      • Right Homology Arm
        • Start: 6112 End: 10226
  • Misc. Feature (4 total)
      • HSVTK-polyA
        • Start: 2850 End: 3108 (Complementary)
      • loxP-2
        • Start: 6016 End: 6049
  • Promoter Eukaryotic (1 total)
      • Mus-PGK Promoter (correct)
        • Start: 5068 End: 5576 (Complementary)
  • Replication Origin (2 total)
      • ORI
        • Start: 10511 End: 10511
        • RNaseH cleavage point
      • Replication Origin
        • Start: 10511 End: 11099 (Complementary)
          Overview of Seq ID No. 46 (upstream vector alternative, step 2, single lox)
          Feature Map
  • CDS (3 total)
      • NEO (+STOP) CDS
        • Start: 3311 End: 4114 (Complementary)
      • TK CDS (from VEC1198)
        • Start: 4118 End: 5251 (Complementary)
      • AP(R)
        • Start: 11698 End: 12555 (Complementary)
        • bla gene-Ap(r) determinant
  • Enhancer (1 total)
      • CMV Enhancer
        • Start: 5779 End: 6199 (Complementary)
  • Misc. Binding Site (2 total)
      • Left Homology Arm
        • Start: 238 End: 2978
      • Right Homology Arm
        • Start: 6235 End: 10566
  • Misc. Feature (4 total)
      • loxP-1
        • Start: 3006 End: 3039
      • HSVTK-polyA
        • Start: 3046 End: 3304 (Complementary)
  • Promoter Eukaryotic (1 total)
      • Mus-PGK Promoter (correct)
        • Start: 5264 End: 5772 (Complementary)
  • Replication Origin (2 total)
      • ORI
        • Start: 10887 End: 10887
        • RNaseH cleavage point
      • Replication Origin
        • Start: 10887 End: 11475 (Complementary)
          Overview of Seq ID No. 47 (Downstream vector alternative, step 1, double lox)
          Feature Map
  • CDS (3 total)
      • NEO (+STOP) CDS
        • Start: 3149 End: 3952 (Complementary)
      • TK CDS (from VEC1198)
        • Start: 3956 End: 5089 (Complementary)
      • AP(R)
        • Start: 11356 End: 12213 (Complementary)
        • bla gene-Ap(r) determinant
  • Enhancer (1 total)
      • CMV Enhancer
        • Start: 5617 End: 6037 (Complementary)
  • Misc. Binding Site (2 total)
      • Left Homology Arm
        • Start: 222 End: 2774
      • Right Homology Arm
        • Start: 6146 End: 10260
  • Misc. Feature (5 total)
      • loxP-1
        • Start: 2844 End: 2877
      • HSVTK-polyA
        • Start: 2884 End: 3142 (Complementary)
      • loxP-2
        • Start: 6050 End: 6083
  • Promoter Eukaryotic (1 total)
      • Mus-PGK Promoter (correct)
        • Start: 5102 End: 5610 (Complementary)
  • Replication Origin (2 total)
      • Replication Origin
        • Start: 10545 End: 11133 (Complementary)
  • The first vector pair is used to produce cells in which the entire J/cluster region is deleted.
  • The second vector pair is used to produce cells in which the entire J/C cluster region is deleted.
  • Example 5 Crossbreeding of Heavy Chain Single Knockout with Kappa Single Knockout Pigs
  • To produce pigs that have both one disrupted Ig heavy chain locus and one disrupted Ig light-chain kappa allele, single knockout animals were crossbred. The first pregnancy yielded four fetuses, two of which screened positive by both PCR and Southern for both heavy-chain and kappa targeting events (see examples 1 and 2 for primers). Fetal fibroblasts were isolated, expanded and frozen. A second pregnancy resulting from the mating of a kappa single knockout with a heavy chain single knockout produced four healthy piglets.
  • Fetal fibroblast cells that contain a heavy chain single knockout and a kappa chain single knockout will be used for further targeting. Such cells will be used to target the lambda locus via the methods and compositions described herein. The resulting offspring will be heterozygous knockouts for heavy chain, kappa chain and lambda chain. These animals will be further crossed with animals containing the human Ig genes as described herein and then crossbred with other single Ig knockout animals to produce porcine Ig double knockout animals with human Ig replacement genes.
  • This invention has been described with reference to its preferred embodiments. Variations and modifications of the invention, will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the foregoing detailed description of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A targeting vector comprising: (a) a first nucleotide sequence comprising at least 17 contiguous nucleic acids homologous to SEQ ID No 28 or 31; (b) a selectable marker gene; and (c) a second nucleotide sequence comprising at least 17 contiguous nucleic acids homologous to SEQ ID No 28 or 31, which does not overlap with the first nucleotide sequence.
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WO2010051288A1 (en) 2008-10-27 2010-05-06 Revivicor, Inc. Immunocompromised ungulates
US7928285B2 (en) 2004-04-22 2011-04-19 Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. Method of producing xenogenous antibodies using a bovine
US20120222140A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2012-08-30 Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. Human artificial chromosome vector
US9420770B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2016-08-23 Indiana University Research & Technology Corporation Methods of modulating thrombocytopenia and modified transgenic pigs

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